| purification and characterization of a 7fe ferredoxin from streptomyces griseus. | a ferredoxin has been purified from streptomyces griseus grown in soybean flour-containing medium. the homogeneous protein has a molecular weight near 14,000 as determined by both page and size exclusion chromatography. the iron and labile sulfide content is 6-7 atoms/mole protein. epr spectroscopy of native s. griseus ferredoxin shows an isotropic signal at g = 2.01 which is typical of [3fe-4s]1+ clusters and which quantitates to 0.9 spin/mole. reduction of the ferredoxin by excess dithionite a ... | 1990 | 2155656 |
| the complex formed between plastocyanin and cytochrome c. investigation by nmr spectroscopy. | spinach plastocyanin and horse heart cytochrome c have been shown, by monitoring the behaviour of the hyperfine-shifted heme resonances of fe(iii) cytochrome c on titration with cu(ii) plastocyanin, to form a 1:1 complex with a dissociation constant of 67 mm (d2o, ph* 7.0, 300 k). the interaction sites on the plastocyanin surface have been investigated in one- and two-dimensional nmr experiments involving competition for plastocyanin between cytochrome c and the paramagnetic cation cr(nh3)(3+)6. ... | 1990 | 2156702 |
| spinach cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. purification, enzyme properties and structural comparisons. | cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from spinach leaves was purified to homogeneity and characterized. the pure enzyme has a subunit mass of 38 kda, its km values for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and mg2+ are 1.5 microm and 260 mm, respectively, and its vmax is 110-120 units/mg. it is inhibited by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and amp with ki values of 0.07 microm and 120 microm, respectively. about 90% of the primary structure of the spinach cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase has been determined ... | 1990 | 2158892 |
| amino acid sequence of spinach chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. | the amino acid sequence of the spinach chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fbpase) subunit has been determined. placement of the 358 residues in the polypeptide chain was based on automated edman degradation of the intact protein and of peptides obtained by enzymatic or chemical cleavage. the sequence of spinach chloroplast fbpase shows clear homology (ca. 40%) to gluconeogenic (mammalian, yeast, and escherichia coli) fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases and 80% homology with the wheat chloroplast ... | 1990 | 2159755 |
| regulation of inorganic sulfate activation in filamentous fungi. allosteric inhibition of atp sulfurylase by 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. | atp sulfurylases from penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium duponti, aspergillus nidulans, and neurospora crassa are strongly inhibited by 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (paps), the product of the second (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate kinase-catalyzed) reaction in the two-step activation of inorganic sulfate. the v versus [paps] plots are sigmoidal. at physiological concentrations of mgatp (0.17-3 mm) and so4(2-) (0.4-10 mm), the [i]0.5 for paps inhibition of the p. chrysogenum enzyme is 35- ... | 1990 | 2162344 |
| sucrose-phosphate synthase is dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2a in spinach leaves. evidence from the effects of okadaic acid and microcystin. | sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps) purified from spinach leaves harvested in the dark, was activated by mammalian protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a). activation of sps in a fraction from darkened spinach leaves was largely prevented by either okadaic acid or microcystin-lr (specific inhibitors of ppi and pp2a), while inhibitor-2 (a pp1 inhibitor) or mg2+ (essential for pp2c) were ineffective. in vivo, okadaic acid and microcystin-lr prevented the light-induced activation of sps and decreased sucrose bi ... | 1990 | 2171989 |
| plant and fungus calmodulins are polyubiquitinated at a single site in a ca2(+)-dependent manner. | in plants ca2+ plays a crucial role as second messenger. thus calmodulin is one of the most important signal transducing molecules for metabolic regulation in plants. previously we showed that bovine testis calmodulin can be covalently coupled at one site to ubiquitin in a ca2(+)-dependent manner in the presence of atp/mg2+ by ubiquityl-calmodulin synthetase. since calmodulin from spinach has 13 amino acid sequence differences to bovine calmodulin - two of them in ca2(+)-binding loops - it was u ... | 1990 | 2172031 |
| expression of spinach plastocyanin in e. coli. | an expression vector designed for overexpression of plastocyanin in the periplasmic space of e. coli has been developed. the vector contains the signal peptide sequence of pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin and the mature sequence of spinach plastocyanin. the precursor is efficiently translocated to the periplasmic space and correctly processed to mature plastocyanin. no detectable amount of plastocyanin was present in the cytoplasmic or in the membrane fraction. a large scale preparation of the reco ... | 1990 | 2176166 |
| enhanced translational utilization of chloroplast ribosomal protein mrnas from two aug codons shown by site-directed mutation. | the cdna for protein l12 of the chloroplast ribosome contains two atg codons, both in consensus initiator context, at the beginning of its transit peptide coding region [giese, k., & subramanian, a. r. (1989) biochemistry 28, 3525-3529]. due to the location in the transit peptide, translational start from either atg codon would yield the same mature protein after transport into chloroplasts and n-terminal cleavage. to test whether this arrangement, also found in the cdnas of several other chloro ... | 1990 | 2176872 |
| polypeptide composition of higher plant photosystem i complex. identification of psai, psaj and psak gene products. | high resolution gel electrophoresis of the native photosystem i complex retaining light-harvesting chlorophyll complex revealed the presence of three low-molecular-mass proteins of 7, 4.1 and 3.9 kda in spinach, and 6.8, 4.4 and 4.1 kda in pea, in addition to the other well-characterized higher-molecular-mass components. upon further detergent treatment to deplete light-harvesting chlorophyll complex, the 7 kda and 4.1 kda proteins were removed from the photosystem i core complex of spinach, whi ... | 1990 | 2185953 |
| ethylenethiourea (etu) in relation to use of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (ebdc) fungicides. | degradation of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides (ebdcs) is known to produce ethylenethiourea (etu). this article reviews the literature available on the toxicology of ebdcs and etu, the sources in plants and persistence of etu, and its formation during heat treatment of plant products. detoxification techniques developed are mentioned, and maximum residue limits and the results of monitoring studies are given for several countries. some aspects of the methods of analysis are discussed. alth ... | 1990 | 2189164 |
| expression in escherichia coli of the psbo gene encoding the 33 kd protein of the oxygen-evolving complex from spinach. | the cdna for the 33 kd protein from the oxygen-evolving complex of spinach together with the coding region for the hydrophobic c-terminal part of the transit sequence was cloned into the expression plasmid pds12/33ex. the 33 kd protein precursor was expressed in escherichia coli, secreted into the periplasm and correctly processed to the mature 33 kd protein. thus the hydrophobic domain of the transit sequence, preceded by a methionine and two lysine residues, can function as a bacterial signal ... | 1990 | 2189721 |
| purification, characterization, and complete amino acid sequence of a thioredoxin from a green alga, chlamydomonas reinhardtii. | two thioredoxins (named ch1 and ch2 in reference to their elution pattern on an anion-exchange column) have been purified to homogeneity from the green alga, chlamydomonas reinhardtii. in this paper, we described the properties and the sequence of the most abundant form, ch2. its activity in various enzymatic assays has been compared with those of escherichia coli and spinach thioredoxins. c. reinhardtii thioredoxin ch2 can serve as a substrate for e. coli thioredoxin reductase with a lower effi ... | 1990 | 2191628 |
| analysis of the promotors of the single-copy genes for plastocyanin and subunit delta of the chloroplast atp synthase from spinach. | the promotors of the single-copy genes for subunit delta of the chloroplast atp synthase (atpd) and plastocyanin (pc) from spinach have been sequenced, dissected and analysed in transgenic f0 and f1 tobacco plants using the bacterial gus gene as a reporter for promotor activity. the transcription of these genes is photo-controlled. the results have been compared with those obtained for the spinach rbcs-1 gene, one of the light-regulated genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphospha ... | 1990 | 2194803 |
| purification and some characteristics of chicken liver l-2-hydroxyacid oxidase a. | the isozyme a of l-2-hydroxyacid oxidase is a peroxisomal flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of short-chain aliphatic l-2-hydroxyacids in many tissues of higher organisms. a new purification procedure allowed us to obtain a 1400-fold purified enzyme from chicken liver. the n-terminal amino acid of the polypeptide chain was found to be blocked as that of spinach glycolate oxidase, contrastingly with that of rat kidney isozyme b. its amino acid composition was comparable to that of other kno ... | 1990 | 2194838 |
| escherichia coli beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase reacts with native c10 acyl-acyl-carrier proteins of plant and bacterial origin. | beta-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydrase catalyzes the essential step in the formation of unsaturated fatty acids in escherichia coli. this reaction was characterized with native c10 acyl-acyl-carrier protein (acp) structures in both an aqueous phase system and a substrate immobilization assay system. the dehydrase is equally active with e. coli acp, recombinant acp-i derived from spinach, or protein a:acp-i fusion (acyl-thioesters). there were differences among the substrates in te ... | 1990 | 2195995 |
| motional effects on nmr structural data. comparison of spinach and escherichia coli acyl carrier proteins. | proteins in solution need not exist in a single rigid structure but can exist in a dynamic equilibrium among structural forms. the problems that this poses for structure determination using nuclear overhauser effect data from two-dimensional nmr experiments are discussed and illustrated with data on functionally equivalent proteins from two different species. one of these proteins, acyl carrier protein from escherichia coli, shows a single set of resonances, easily interpreted on the basis of a ... | 1990 | 2196884 |
| purification and characterization of cytosolic aldolase from carrot storage root. | a single fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (fbp) aldolase has been detected in extracts from carrot storage roots (daucus carota l.). the enzyme was purified 850-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity and a final specific activity of 26.3 mumols of fbp utilized/min per mg of protein. sds/page of the final preparation revealed a single protein-staining band of 40 kda. the native molecular mass was determined by analytical gel filtration to be 159 kda, indicating that the enzyme is a homotetramer. denaturing ... | 1990 | 2198022 |
| glutathione reductase: comparison of steady-state and rapid reaction primary kinetic isotope effects exhibited by the yeast, spinach, and escherichia coli enzymes. | kinetic parameters for nadph and nadh have been determined at ph 8.1 for spinach, yeast, and e. coli glutathione reductases. nadph exhibited low km values for all enzymes (3-6 microm), while the km values for nadh were 100 times higher (approximately 400 microm). under our experimental conditions, the percentage of maximal velocities with nadh versus those measured with nadph were 18.4, 3.7, and 0.13% for the spinach, yeast, and e. coli enzymes, respectively. primary deuterium kinetic isotope ef ... | 1990 | 2200516 |
| expression in escherichia coli of ferredoxin:nadp+ reductase from spinach. bacterial synthesis of the holoflavoprotein and of an active enzyme form lacking the first 28 amino acid residues of the sequence. | a cdna clone for the preprotein of spinach ferredoxin:nadp+ reductase has been modified to allow the expression in escherichia coli of the mature flavoprotein form the lacks the transit peptide. an expression vector, pfnr1, was constructed by subcloning the fragment into the plasmid pds12/rbsii, sphi. in the crude extracts of transformed cells after induction, two active holoproteins of 35 kda and 32 kda, respectively, were found. the 32-kda protein, purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, wa ... | 1990 | 2202597 |
| the methane monooxygenase gene cluster of methylococcus capsulatus (bath). | methane is oxidised to methanol in methanotrophic bacteria by the enzyme methane monooxygenase (mmo). methylococcus capsulatus (bath) produces a soluble mmo which oxidises a range of aliphatic and aromatic compounds with potential for commercial exploitation. this multicomponent enzyme has been extensively characterised and biochemical data have been used to identify a 12-kb fragment of methylococcus dna carrying the structural genes mmoy and mmoz, coding for the beta- and gamma-subunits of mmo ... | 1990 | 2205538 |
| health in strip cartoons. | strip cartoons are among the most vivid means of communication at our disposal, and they are particularly popular with the young. medical matters have featured in many stories, though usually in a peripheral role. could more be done to use this powerful medium, or would deliberate exploitation destroy it? | 1990 | 2206236 |
| chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (nadp): amino acid sequence of the subunits from isoenzyme i and structural relationship with isoenzyme ii. | the structural relationship between isoenzymes i and ii of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: nadp+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) ec 1.2.1.13) has been established at the protein level. the complete primary structure of subunits a and b of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase i from spinacia oleracea has been determined by sequence analysis of the corresponding tryptic peptides, aligned by fragments derived from cyanogen bromide and staphyl ... | 1990 | 2223845 |
| restriction site and genetic map of cucurbita pepo chloroplast dna. | a detailed restriction map of squash chloroplast dna (cpdna) was constructed with five restriction endonucleases, sali, pvuii, bgli, sacii, and psti. the cleavage sites were mapped by sequential digestion of cpdna using low-gelling temperature agarose. the restriction map shows that squash cpdna is an approximately 153 kilobase (kb) circle with a large inverted repeat sequence of 23.3 kb, separated by a large (83.7 kb) and a small (22.7 kb) single copy region. genes for a number of chloroplast p ... | 1990 | 2249258 |
| structural and geometrical isomers of carotenoids in human plasma. | we have quantitatively analyzed human plasma for the following carotenoids: all-trans-lutein, all-trans-zeaxanthin, alpha-cryptoxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, the sum of all-trans-lycopene and its cis isomers, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene. in addition, we have tentatively identified and quantified 13-cis-lutein and 13-cis-zeaxanthin in human plasma. the latter two cis isomers are also apparent in samples of two common food items, spinach and corn meal. we have analyzed the ratios of all of the ... | 1990 | 2262811 |
| ribosomal protein l35: identification in spinach chloroplasts and isolation of a cdna clone encoding its cytoplasmic precursor. | we describe the isolation of spinach chloroplast ribosomal protein l35 and characterization of a cdna clone encoding its cytoplasmic precursor. this protein was only recently identified in ribosomes, but the sequences of four l35 genes have now been reported and confirm its presence in eubacteria, chloroplasts, and cyanelles. using n-terminal sequence data, oligonucleotides were designed and a cdna library was screened. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna clones shows that the spinach l35 protei ... | 1990 | 2271612 |
| mandelate pathway of pseudomonas putida: sequence relationships involving mandelate racemase, (s)-mandelate dehydrogenase, and benzoylformate decarboxylase and expression of benzoylformate decarboxylase in escherichia coli. | the genes that encode the five known enzymes of the mandelate pathway of pseudomonas putida (atcc 12633), mandelate racemase (mdla), (s)-mandelate dehydrogenase (mdlb), benzoylformate decarboxylase (mdlc), nad(+)-dependent benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (mdld), and nadp(+)-dependent benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (mdle), have been cloned. the genes for (s)-mandelate dehydrogenase and benzoylformate decarboxylase have been sequenced; these genes and that for mandelate racemase [ransom, s. c., gerlt, j. a ... | 1990 | 2271624 |
| partial reduction in ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity by carboxypeptidase a. | treatment with carboxypeptidase a of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) from spinach and chlamydomonas, but not tobacco, reduced activity by 60-70%. further studies with the spinach enzyme indicated that only one amino acid from each of the large (valine) and small (tyrosine) subunits was removed and the loss of activity was correlated with modification of the large subunit. the modified enzyme also had a two-fold greater km for rubp but co2/o2 specificity was only 5% lower an ... | 1990 | 2275551 |
| vitamin a potency of carrot and spinach carotenes in human metabolic studies. | changes in plasma retinol and carotenoids was measured in 17 young males after daily ingestion of grated carrots, carrot juice or spinach leaves for 2 weeks. regression equations showed that the supply of 3350 and 4750 micrograms carotenes from 78 ml carrot juice (prepared from 185 g carrots) or 91 g grated carrots, respectively were adequate in maintaining plasma retinol at a constant level in subjects with initial plasma retinol of 1.2 mumol/l. under similar experimental conditions, 280 g boil ... | 1990 | 2276879 |
| calculation of subunit stoichiometry of large, multisubunit proteins from amino acid compositions. | the subunit stoichiometry of a large, multisubunit protein can be determined from the molar amino acid compositions (i amino acids) of the protein and its subunits. the number of copies of the subunits (1, 2, ... j) is calculated by solving all possible combinations of simultaneous equations in j unknowns (i!/j!(i - j)!). calculations carried out using the published amino acid compositions determined by analysis and the compositions calculated from the sequences for two proteins of known stoichi ... | 1990 | 2321761 |
| l-lactate 2-monooxygenase from mycobacterium smegmatis. cloning, nucleotide sequence, and primary structure homology within an enzyme family. | l-lactate 2-monooxygenase catalyzes the oxidation of l-lactate to acetate and carbon dioxide. the catalytic mechanism has been extensively investigated but very little is known about which amino acid residues may play a role in catalysis. as a first step toward this goal, the gene for this protein from mycobacterium smegmatis has been cloned and sequenced. peptide sequencing data for l-lactate 2-monooxygenase was used to construct three sets of fully redundant tetradecamer oligonucleotide probes ... | 1990 | 2324094 |
| modulation of spinach chloroplast nadp-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by chaotropic anions. | neutral salts enhanced the specific activity of chloroplast nadp-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:nadp+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), ec 1.2.1.13) from spinach leaves. the ordering of the respective anions, according to the concentration for maximal stimulation, yielded the lyotropic (hofmeister) series [scn- (0.05 m), clo-4 (0.08 m), cl3cco-2 (0.24 m), i- (0.35 m), br- (0.6 m), cl- (1.0 m)]; the more chaotropic the anion the less its concentration for m ... | 1990 | 2337356 |
| purification and characterization of nadph-ferredoxin reductase from bovine kidney mitochondria. | an nadph-ferredoxin reductase (ec 1.6.7.1) was purified from bovine kidney mitochondria and its physicochemical properties were investigated. the ratio of the absorbances at 272 and 450 nm was 8.8, and the enzyme had a specific activity of 5,850 nmol/min/mg for the reduction of cytochrome c. we determined the molecular weights of the nadph-ferredoxin reductase as 53,000 and 34,000 da by sds-page and hplc analysis, respectively. renal ferredoxin was substituted by adreno-ferredoxin, but spinach f ... | 1990 | 2355662 |
| contrasting evolutionary histories of chloroplast thioredoxins f and m. | fourteen thioredoxin sequences were used to construct a minimal phylogenetic tree by using parsimony. the bacterial thioredoxins clustered into three groups: one containing the photosynthetic purple bacteria, escherichia and corynebacterium; a second containing the photosynthetic green bacterium, chlorobium; and a third containing cyanobacteria. these groupings are similar to those generated from earlier 16s rna analyses. animal thioredoxins formed a fourth group. the two thioredoxins of chlorop ... | 1990 | 2359363 |
| skin and liver toxicity in experimental lantana camara poisoning in albino rats. | dried alcoholic extract of fresh lantana camara leaves (le), on oral administration to albino rats of both sexes, induced photodermatitis during exposure to clear sunlight for 1 hr. its severity was related to the dose of le and was maximal in rats exposed to sunlight from 4 to 14 hr after feeding le and gradually declined over 40 hr. wavelengths of light about 540 to 570 mu only were effective. in control study, the alcoholic extract of edible spinach leaves was only 1/3 in potency and its effe ... | 1990 | 2361717 |
| nucleotide sequence of the maize chloroplast rpo b/c1/c2 operon: comparison between the derived protein primary structures from various organisms with respect to functional domains. | the genes (rpo b/c1/c2) coding for the beta, beta', beta" subunits of maize (zea mays) chloroplast rna polymerase have been located on the plastome and their nucleotide sequences established. the operon is part of a large inversion with respect to the tobacco and spinach chloroplast genomes and is flanked by the genes trnc and rps2. notable features of the nucleotide sequence are the loss of an intron in rpoc1 and an insertion of approximately 450 bp in rpoc2 compared to the dicotyledons tobacco ... | 1990 | 2381419 |
| rice chloroplast rna polymerase genes: the absence of an intron in rpoc1 and the presence of an extra sequence in rpoc2. | the chloroplast genome contains sequences homologous to the escherichia coli rpoa, rpob and rpoc genes. the chloroplast rpoc gene is divided into rpoc1 and rpoc2, of which rpoc1 contains an intron. comparison of the rice rpo genes with those from tobacco, spinach and liverwort revealed unique features of the rice genes; the lack of an intron in rpoc1 and the presence of an extra sequence of 381 bp in rpoc2. the intron in rpoc1 is thus optional, and possible intron boundary sites in split rpoc1 g ... | 1990 | 2381420 |
| a ribosomal protein is encoded in the chloroplast dna in a lower plant but in the nucleus in angiosperms. isolation of the spinach l21 protein and cdna clone with transit and an unusual repeat sequence. | the distribution of chloroplast ribosomal protein genes between the organelle dna and the nuclear dna is highly conserved in land plants, but a notable exception is rpl21. this gene has been found in the completely sequenced chloroplast genome of a lower plant but not in that of two higher plants. we describe the purification and characterization of the spinach chloroplast ribosomal protein l21 and the isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone that encodes its cytoplasmic precursor. the ... | 1990 | 2398071 |
| concentrations of lead and cadmium in edible vegetables from tarragona province, spain. | the lead and cadmium content of 20 species of edible vegetable collected in tarragona province (spain) was investigated. samples consisting of bulbs, and leaves and soft stalks (chard, parsley, spinach and lettuce) contained the highest levels of both metals. in contrast, fruits and similar garden produce (tomato, green pepper, cucumber, artichoke, green bean and broad bean) contained the lowest concentrations of lead and cadmium in both the northern and southern area of the province. most speci ... | 1990 | 2402626 |
| improved procedure for the isolation of a double-strand-specific ribonuclease and its application to structural analysis of various 5s rrnas and trnas. | an improved method for the isolation of a double-strand-specific rnase from snake venom is presented. this rnase, called csv, was used to cleave yeast trnaphe and trna2glu and trnafmet from escherichia coli. in addition these rnas and e. coli trnaphe were examined with the single-strand-specific nuclease s1. the results are discussed in terms of the specificity of csv rnase and the structure of trnas. s1 nuclease digestions at increasing temperatures allowed the melting of tertiary and secondary ... | 1986 | 2417836 |
| phosphorylation of proteins in clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. | cell extracts of the thermophile clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum catalyzed the phosphorylation by [gamma-32p]atp of several endogenous proteins with mrs between 13,000 and 100,000. serine and tyrosine were the main acceptors. distinct substrate proteins were found in the soluble (e.g., proteins p66, p63, and p53 of mrs 66,000, 63,000, and 53,000, respectively) and particulate (p76 and p30) fractions, both of which contained protein kinase and phosphatase activity. the soluble fraction suppress ... | 1986 | 2418009 |
| direct measurement of femtogram amounts of dna in cells and chloroplasts by quantitative microspectrofluorometry. | absolute dna amounts of individual chloroplasts were determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of chloroplasts stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) relative to that of the bacterium pediococcus damnosus (cerevisiae) smeared on the same slide. an absolute dna content of 7.7 x 10(15) g for a standard p. damnosus cell type was calculated by comparing the relative fluorescence values and frequency of each stage of cellular development in a culture to the average dna content of ... | 1986 | 2422253 |
| reconstitution of the h+-atpase complex of rhodospirillum rubrum by the beta subunit of the chloroplast coupling factor 1. | a method is described for isolating the beta subunit from spinach chloroplast f1 (cf1). the isolated beta subunit reconstituted an active f1 hybrid with the f1 of rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores from which the beta subunit had been removed. the cf1 beta subunit was similar to the isolated beta subunit of escherichia coli f1 (gromet-elhanan, z., khananshivili, d., weiss, s., kanazawa, h., and futai, m. (1985) j. biol. chem. 260, 12635-12640) in that it restored a substantial rate of atp hydr ... | 1986 | 2427516 |
| a gene cluster in the spinach and pea chloroplast genomes encoding one cf1 and three cf0 subunits of the h+-atp synthase complex and the ribosomal protein s2. | the regions of the spinach and pea chloroplast genomes containing the atp synthase genes atpa, atpf and atph have been sequenced. the encoded proteins, cf1 alpha, cf0i and cf0iii, are well conserved between spinach and pea, and analogous to the alpha, b and c subunits of the escherichia coli atp synthase complex. the atpf gene is split by a single intron, and the exon/intron boundaries have been defined by isolating and sequencing a partial cdna clone. two other genes, designated atpi and rps2, ... | 1987 | 2443718 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcription analysis of the gene coding for subunit iii of soybean chloroplast proton-translocating atpase. | the gene coding for subunit iii of cf0-atpase complex (atph gene) has been localized on the soybean chloroplast genome by heterologous hybridization with the atph gene of wheat chloroplast. the gene, 243 bp in length, is located in a 7.5-kb bamhi fragment generated from the 14.8-kb pvuii fragment in the large single-copy region of the chloroplast genome. the nucleotide sequence of the gene has been determined. the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence shows 2 aa changes relative to its homologue from ... | 1987 | 2449380 |
| cytochrome b-559 genes from oenothera hookeri and nicotiana tabacum show a remarkably high degree of conservation as compared to spinach. the enigma of cytochrome b-559: highly conserved genes and proteins but no known function. | recent data suggest that cytochrome b-559, an intrinsic membrane protein of the oxygen-evolving photosystem ii in chloroplasts, is a heme cross-linked heteromeric polypeptide unit (herrmann et al. 1984, febs lett 176:239-244). the genes for this cytochrome, designated psbe and psbf, have been located on the chloroplast chromosome of oenothera hookeri and nicotiana tabacum by hybridization with fragments of the corresponding spinach genes, and characterized. in both cases, the nucleotide sequence ... | 1986 | 2450682 |
| cdna sequence encoding the 16-kda proteolipid of chromaffin granules implies gene duplication in the evolution of h+-atpases. | vacuolar h+-atpases function in generating protonmotive force across the membranes of organelles connected with the vacuolar system of eukaryotic cells. this family of h+-atpases is distinct from the two other families of h+-atpases, the plasma membrane-type and the eubacterial-type. one of the subunits of the vacuolar h+-atpase binds n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (dccd) and has been implicated in the proton-conducting activity of these enzymes. we have cloned and sequenced the gene encoding the ... | 1988 | 2456571 |
| nuclease sp: a novel enzyme from spinach that incises damaged duplex dna preferentially at sites of adenine. | a novel endonuclease has been isolated from extracts of spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea). the enzyme has been purified by a series of column chromatography steps and has a molecular size of approximately 43,000 daltons. the spinach endonuclease cleaved double stranded dna damaged by ultraviolet light or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (ii) primarily at sites of adenine when end-labelled dna fragments of defined sequence were employed as substrates. the nature of the structural distortion containe ... | 1988 | 2457204 |
| localization and orientation of subunit delta of spinach chloroplast atp-synthase within the cf0cf1 complex. 1. distinction of shielded and exposed surfaces of delta on the thylakoid membrane. | a new polyclonal antiserum against spinach cf1 subunit delta was produced in rabbits. it decorates only one band at 21 kda in western immunoblots of thylakoid proteins and does not react in elisa with delta-free four subunit cf1(-delta); therefore it is regarded monospecific. the polypeptide used as immunogen had been purified by hplc. earlier antisera against cf1 delta cross-react with cf1 subunit beta. the new antiserum 306 contains different antibodies; some can be absorbed with thylakoids, i ... | 1989 | 2469431 |
| localization and orientation of subunit delta of spinach chloroplast atp-synthase within the cf0 cf1 complex. 2. identification of c-terminal residues of delta, exposed on the thylakoid membrane. | the amino acid residues of spinach cf1 subunit delta are identified which are accessible and thus exposed within the quaternary structure of the atp-synthase complex on the thylakoid membrane. two types of antibodies in the monospecific polyclonal antiserum 306 against cf1 delta, described in the previous publication [z. naturforsch. 44c, 153-160 (1989)], were separated by virtue of their different affinity to thylakoid membranes and used for specific analysis of the products of proteolytic dige ... | 1989 | 2475116 |
| characterization of cdna clones encoding the extrinsic 23 kda polypeptide of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem ii in pea. | the 23 kda polypeptide of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem ii has been extracted from pea photosystem ii particles by washing with 1 m nacl and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. the n-terminal amino acid sequence has been determined and specific antisera have been raised in rabbits and used to screen a pea-leaf cdna library in lambda gt11. determination of the nucleotide sequence of two clones provided the nucleotide sequence for the full 23 kda polypeptide. the deduced amino ... | 1989 | 2491674 |
| isolation and characterization of dna-binding proteins from the cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. pcc 7002 (agmenellum quadruplicatum) and from spinach chloroplasts. | basic, low-molecular-weight dna-binding proteins were isolated from the unicellular cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. pcc 7002 (agmenellum quadruplicatum) and from the chloroplasts of spinach (spinacia oleacera). in synechococcus, two major proteins which bind to double-strand dna (10 and 16 kda, respectively) were purified. the 10 kda protein, named haq, resembles strongly, in amino-acid composition, eubacterial hu-type proteins. the 16 kda protein is slightly basic. its characteristics are comp ... | 1989 | 2491789 |
| carbonyl sulfide: an alternate substrate for but not an activator of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. | carbonyl sulfide, a competitive inhibitor of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase with respect to co2 (laing, w. a., and christeller, j. t. (1980) arch. biochem. biophys. 202, 592-600), is an alternate substrate. thiocarboxylation was monitored by mass spectrometry as the stoichiometric consumption of carbonyl sulfide. the product, 1-thio-3-phosphoglycerate, was identified by 13c nmr and uv absorption spectroscopy and measured by enzymic conversion to thiolactate, coupled to the oxidation of nadh. ... | 1989 | 2492523 |
| thioredoxin is essential for photosynthetic growth. the thioredoxin m gene of anacystis nidulans. | we have taken advantage of the transformation properties of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r2 to investigate the importance of thioredoxin for photosynthetic growth. the gene encoding thioredoxin m, designated trxm, was cloned from a. nidulans using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe. based on the nucleotide sequence, thioredoxin m of a. nidulans is composed of 107 amino acids and shares 84, 48, and 48% sequence identity with thioredoxins from anabaena, spinach, and escherichia coli, respe ... | 1989 | 2492995 |
| purification and characterization of a soybean flour-induced cytochrome p-450 from streptomyces griseus. | a soybean flour-induced, soluble cytochrome p-450 (p-450soy) was purified 130-fold to homogeneity from streptomyces griseus. native cytochrome p-450soy is a single polypeptide, with a molecular weight of 47,500, in association with one ferriprotoporphyrin ix prosthetic group. oxidized p-450soy exhibited visible absorption maxima at 394, 514, and 646 nm, characteristic of a high-spin cytochrome p-450. the co-reduced difference spectrum of p-450soy had a soret maximum at 448 nm. when reconstituted ... | 1989 | 2495263 |
| the location of calmodulin in the pea plasma membrane. | plasma membrane has been prepared from pea seedlings in the presence of [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid (egta). calmodulin has been detected in these plasma membrane preparations using calcium overlay techniques, immunoblots, quantitation with antibodies raised against spinach calmodulin, phosphodiesterase activation, mobility shift, and heat stability. egta-stable calmodulin represents 0.5-1% of the total plasma membrane protein, and it is the only detectable calcium-binding p ... | 1989 | 2498318 |
| gene sequence for the 9 kda component of photosystem ii from the cyanobacterium phormidium laminosum indicates similarities between cyanobacterial and other leader sequences. | a 9 kda polypeptide which is loosely attached to the inner surface of the thylakoid membrane and is important for the oxygen-evolving activity of photosystem ii in the thermophilic cyanobacterium phormidium laminosum has been purified, a partial amino acid sequence obtained and its gene cloned and sequenced. the derived amino acid sequence indicates that the 9 kda polypeptide is initially synthesised with an n-terminal leader sequence of 44 amino acids to direct it across the thylakoid membrane. ... | 1989 | 2501648 |
| electrophoretic and immunological comparisons of chloroplast and prokaryotic ribosomal proteins reveal that certain families of large subunit proteins are evolutionarily conserved. | antibodies to individual chloroplast ribosomal (r-)proteins of chlamydomonas reinhardtii synthesized in either the chloroplast or the cytoplasm were used to examine the relatedness of chlamydomonas r-proteins to r-proteins from the spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplast, escherichia coli, and the cyanobacterium anabaena 7120. in addition, 35s-labeled chloroplast r-proteins from large and small subunits of c. reinhardtii were co-electrophoresed on 2-d gels with unlabeled r-proteins from similar ... | 1989 | 2504932 |
| structural and functional properties of the cyanobacterial photosystem i complex. | photosystem i (psi) complexes have been isolated from two cyanobacterial strains, synechococcus sp. pcc 7002 and 6301. these complexes contain six to seven low molecular mass subunits in addition to the two high molecular mass subunits previously shown to bind the primary reaction center components. chemical cross-linking of ferredoxin to the complex identified a 17.5-kda subunit as the ferredoxin-binding protein in the synechococcus sp. pcc 6301-psi complex. the amino acid sequence of this subu ... | 1989 | 2505837 |
| structure and targeted mutagenesis of the gene encoding 8-kda subunit of photosystem i from the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803. | photosystem i reaction center of the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 contains seven different polypeptide subunits. the subunit with a molecular mass of about 8 kda was isolated, and the sequence of its amino-terminal residues was determined. oligonucleotide probes corresponding to this sequence were used to isolate the gene encoding this subunit. the gene, termed as psae, codes for a polypeptide with a mass of 8075 da. it is present as a single copy in the genome and is transcribed as ... | 1989 | 2509456 |
| nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the 33 kda water oxidizing polypeptide in anabaena sp. strain pcc 7120 and its expression in escherichia coli. | the 33 kda extrinsic polypeptide of photosystem ii, also known as the manganese-stabilizing polypeptide (msp), is located on the lumen side of the thylakoid and is involved in water oxidation. the gene for msp, designated woxa, has been cloned from the nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacterium anabaena and sequenced. the woxa open reading frame was found to be 819 bp. the deduced amino acid sequence was 63% and 59% homologous with that of synechococcus and synechocystis, respectively, and 44% c ... | 1989 | 2518833 |
| expression of holo and apo forms of spinach acyl carrier protein-i in leaves of transgenic tobacco plants. | acyl carrier protein (acp) is a chloroplast-localized cofactor of fatty acid synthesis, desaturation, and acyl transfer. we have transformed tobacco with a chimeric gene consisting of the tobacco ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase promoter and transit peptide and the sequence encoding the mature spinach acp-i. spinach acp-i was expressed in the transformed plants at levels twofold to threefold higher than the endogenous tobacco acps as determined by protein immunoblots and assays of acp in le ... | 1989 | 2535529 |
| laser flash photolysis as a probe of redox protein-membrane interactions: effect of binding of spinach plastocyanin and horse cytochrome c to lipid bilayer vesicles on the kinetics of reduction by flavin semiquinone. | spinach plastocyanin binds to both electrically neutral and positively charged lipid bilayer vesicles, whereas cytochrome c only binds electrostatically to negatively charged vesicles. laser flash photolysis using lumiflavin semiquinone as a reductant demonstrates that the reactivity of plastocyanin is increased as much as 6-fold when it is membrane bound whereas the rate constant for cytochrome c reduction is decreased by approximately a factor of 3. membrane-bound plastocyanin reduction occurs ... | 1989 | 2540816 |
| the encoded primary sequence of a rice seed adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase subunit and its homology to the bacterial enzyme. | rice seed adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase cdna clones were isolated by screening a lambda expression library prepared from rice endosperm poly(a+) rna with a heterologous antibody raised against the spinach leaf enzyme and subsequently by nucleic acid hybridization. one cdna plasmid, possessing about 1650 nucleotides, was shown by both dna and rna sequence analysis to contain the complete adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase coding sequence of 483 amino acids. the primary sequence displayed a putative le ... | 1989 | 2545704 |
| characterization of the flavoprotein moieties of nadph-sulfite reductase from salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli. physicochemical and catalytic properties, amino acid sequence deduced from dna sequence of cysj, and comparison with nadph-cytochrome p-450 reductase. | nadph-sulfite reductase flavoprotein (sir-fp) was purified from a salmonella typhimurium cysg strain that does not synthesize the hemoprotein component of the sulfite reductase holoenzyme. cysj, which codes for sir-fp, was cloned from s. typhimurium lt7 and escherichia coli b, and both genes were sequenced. physicochemical analyses and deduced amino acid sequences indicate that sir-fp is an octamer of identical 66-kda peptides and contains 4 fad and 4 fmn per octamer. potentiometric titrations o ... | 1989 | 2550423 |
| synthesis of different nucleoside 5'-diphospho-sulfoquinovoses and their use for studies on sulfolipid biosynthesis in chloroplasts. | 6-sulfo-alpha-d-quinovopyranosyl phosphate was reacted with different nucleoside monophosphate morpholidates to form adp-, cdp-, gdp- and udp-sulfoquinovose. analytical and preparative hplc of these nucleotides was performed on reversed-phase columns using volatile buffer systems as eluant. the isolated compounds were characterized by nmr spectroscopy (except the cdp derivative) and used for an investigation of sulfolipid biosynthesis by chloroplasts. for this purpose intact spinach chloroplasts ... | 1989 | 2551689 |
| calmodulin in heterocystous cyanobacteria: biochemical and immunological evidence. | the occurrence activity and localization of calmodulin in three heterocystous cyanobacteria of the genus anabaena were studied. boiled crude extracts caused a ca2+-dependent stimulation of nad kinase. such a stimulation was blocked by egta and chlorpromazine, sds-page and western blot analysis using antiserum against eukaryotic spinach calmodulin, revealed a polypeptide of about 17 kda. immunogold localization of calmodulin gave a dense gold label in both vegetative cells and heterocysts. the la ... | 1989 | 2551772 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of the spinach acyl carrier protein-i prosthetic group attachment site. | site-directed mutagenesis was used to change the phosphopantetheine attachment site (ser38) of spinach acyl carrier protein i (acp-i) from a serine to a threonine or cysteine residue. 1. although the native acp-i is fully phosphopantethenylated when expressed in escherichia coli, the th-acp-i and cy-acp-i mutants were found to be completely devoid of the phosphopantetheine group. therefore, the e. coli holoacp synthase requires serine for in vivo phosphopantetheine addition to spinach acp-i. 2. ... | 1989 | 2553397 |
| the axial ligands of heme in cytochromes: a near-infrared magnetic circular dichroism study of yeast cytochromes c, c1, and b and spinach cytochrome f. | room temperature near-infrared magnetic circular dichroism and low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance measurements have been used to characterize the ligands of the heme iron in mitochondrial cytochromes c, c1, and b and in cytochrome f of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. the mcd data show that methionine is the sixth ligand of the heme of oxidized yeast cytochrome c1; the identify of this residue is inferred to be the single conserved methionine identified from a partial al ... | 1989 | 2557894 |
| sequence analysis of the chromosomal and plasmid genes encoding phosphoribulokinase from alcaligenes eutrophus. | two dna fragments encoding the chromosomal and plasmid copies of the gene (cfxp) encoding phosphoribulokinase (prk) from the chemoautotrophic bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus, were sequenced and found to be highly homologous. the gene (cfxf) of another calvin cycle enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fbpase), was identified as terminating immediately upstream of cfxp, but was not completely contained on both fragments. a hypothetical, also incompletely contained, open reading frame starts closel ... | 1989 | 2559876 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of cdnas encoding the cytosolic precursors of subunits gapa and gapb of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from pea and spinach. | chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) is composed of two different subunits, gapa and gapb. cdna clones containing the entire coding sequences of the cytosolic precursors for gapa from pea and for gapb from pea and spinach have been identified, sequenced and the derived amino acid sequences have been compared to the corresponding sequences from tobacco, maize and mustard. these comparisons show that gapb differs from gapa in about 20% of its amino acid residues and by the ... | 1989 | 2562762 |
| the recombinant spinach acyl-acyl carrier protein-i expressed in escherichia coli is the 18:1 delta 11(cis) thioester. | a synthetic spinach acyl carrier protein-i (acp-i) gene was cloned and expressed in the escherichia coli beta-alanine auxotroph sj16 (p. d. beremand et al. (1987) arch. biochem. biophys. 256, 90-100). after characterization of the transformed cells and purification of the protein product it was evident that 50% of the recombinant spinach acp-i was acylated during early log-phase growth (d. j. guerra et al. (1988) j. biol. chem. 263, 4386-4391). we have purified the recombinant acyl-acyl carrier ... | 1989 | 2565702 |
| animal and plant mitochondria contain specific thioredoxins. | thioredoxins have been purified from pig heart and potato tuber mitochondria which differ in chromatographic behaviour, enzyme activating capacity, and slightly higher molecular mass (mr = 12,500) from the major thioredoxin(s) present in mitochondria-free fractions of the same tissue. both mt-thioredoxins can serve as hydrogen donor for e. coli ribonucleotide reductase but only the plant protein activates spinach chloroplast nadp malate dehydrogenase in vitro. mitochondrial target enzymes specif ... | 1989 | 2591533 |
| the genes of both subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase constitute an operon on the plastome of a red alga. | plastid (pt) dna from the red alga porphyridium aerugineum was purified by cscl gradient centrifugation. an ecori library of the ptdna was screened with a gene probe specific for the gene encoding the large subunit (lsu) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco ec 4.1.1.39) from spinach. a 5.8 kb ecori clone containing the lsu gene (rbcl) was isolated and the dna sequence of the porphyridium rbcl gene and its flanking regions was determined. an open reading frame was found 130 ... | 1989 | 2598276 |
| oxidation--reduction midpoint potentials of the flavin, haem and mo-pterin centres in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) nitrate reductase. | oxidation-reduction midpoint potentials have been determined for the flavin, cytochrome b557 and mo-pterin prosthetic groups of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) assimilatory nitrate reductase using visible, c.d. and room-temperature e.p.r. potentiometric titrations. at ph 7 and 25 degrees c, the midpoint potential for the fad/fadh2 couple was determined by c.d. potentiometry to be -280 +/- 10 mv (n = 2). the redox potential for reduction of the haem was determined by visible potentiometry to be -1 ... | 1989 | 2604699 |
| plastocyanin cytochrome f interaction. | spinach plastocyanin and turnip cytochrome f have been covalently linked by using a water-soluble carbodiimide to yield an adduct of the two proteins. the redox potential of cytochrome f in the adduct was shifted by -20 mv relative to that of free cytochrome f, while the redox potential of plastocyanin in the adduct was the same as that of free plastocyanin. solvent perturbation studies showed the degree of heme exposure in the adduct to be less than in free cytochrome f, indicating that plastoc ... | 1989 | 2605172 |
| bioavailability of total iron from meat, spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) and meat-spinach mixtures by anaemic and non-anaemic rats. | 1. bioavailability of fe from beef, spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) and their mixtures was studied using anaemic and non-anaemic rats by haemoglobin regeneration efficiency (hre) and apparent fe absorption in two trials. 2. the initial haemoglobin levels of severely anaemic, mildly anaemic and non-anaemic rats were 63, 88 and 113 g/l, respectively. the fe level in diets was about 30 mg/kg. all other nutrients equalled or exceeded the requirement of the growing rat. 3. the spinach fe was well util ... | 1989 | 2640540 |
| n-terminal sequencing of photosystem ii low-molecular-mass proteins. 5 and 4.1 kda components of the o2-evolving core complex from higher plants. | high resolution gel electrophoresis in the low-molecular-mass region combined with electroblotting using polyvinylidene difluoride membranes enabled us to sequence the low-molecular-mass proteins of photosystem ii membrane fragments from spinach and wheat. the determined n-terminal sequences, all showing considerable homology between the two plants, involved two newly determined sequences for the 4.1 kda protein and one for the 5 kda proteins. the sequence of the 4.1 kda protein did not match an ... | 1989 | 2644131 |
| chloroplast ribosomal protein l13 is encoded in the nucleus and is considerably larger than its bacterial homologue. construction, immunoisolation, and nucleotide sequence (including transit peptide) its cdna clone from an angiosperm. | chloroplast ribosomes of higher plants are of the prokaryotic ribosome motif but, unlike in bacteria, their ribosomal protein (r-protein) genes are distributed between the organelle and the nucleus. in order to isolate some of the nuclear-encoded r-protein genes, we have raised antibodies to several spinach chloroplast r-proteins and constructed spinach cdna expression libraries in lambdagt11. screening the libraries with one of the antisera yielded three cdna clones for r-protein l13, an early ... | 1989 | 2644249 |
| the 23 kda polypeptide of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex from mustard seedlings (sinapis alba l.). nucleotide sequence of cdna and evidence for phytochrome control of its mrna abundance. | the nucleotide sequence of a cdna from mustard shows 78% homology in deduced amino acid sequence for the mature protein compared to the sequence for the 23 kda protein of the oxygen-evolving complex from spinach [(1987) febs lett. 216, 234-240]. there is also a high degree of homology between the premature protein sequences concerning the hydrophobic domain and its distance from the suggested processing site. the accumulation of mrna for the 23 kda protein in mustard was stimulated by continuous ... | 1989 | 2651153 |
| an nmr study of the helix v-loop e region of the 5s rna from escherichia coli. | experiments are described that complete the assignment of the imino proton nmr spectrum of the fragment 1 domain from the 5s rna of escherichia coli. most of the new assignments fall in the helix v-loop e portion of the molecule (bases 70-78 and 98-106), the region most sensitive to the binding of ribosomal protein l25. the spectroscopic data are incompatible with the standard, phylogenetically derived model for 5s rna, which makes all the base pairs possible in loop e with the sequences aligned ... | 1989 | 2669961 |
| characterization of the cysjih regions of salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli b. dna sequences of cysi and cysh and a model for the siroheme-fe4s4 active center of sulfite reductase hemoprotein based on amino acid homology with spinach nitrite reductase. | the hemoprotein component of salmonella typhimurium sulfite reductase (nadph) (ec 1.8.1.2) was purified to homogeneity from cysj266, a mutant strain lacking sulfite reductase flavoprotein. the siroheme- and fe4s4-containing enzyme was isolated as a monomeric 63-kda polypeptide and consisted of a mixture of unligated enzyme and a complex with sulfite. following reduction with 5'-deazaflavin-edta and reoxidation, the complex was converted to the uncomplexed, high spin ferri-siroheme state seen pre ... | 1989 | 2670946 |
| immunological detection of phytoene desaturase in algae and higher plants using an antiserum raised against a bacterial fusion-gene construct. | immunological characterization of phytoene desaturase, a key enzyme of carotenoid biosynthesis, is reported. for this purpose, a phytoene-desaturase fusion protein has been employed. for its construction 921 base pairs of the crti gene were fused to the n-terminal region of the escherichia coli lacz gene. plasmid pgabx2 resulted from insertion of a bgli - xhoi fragment from the rhodobacter capsulatus carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster, carrying the crti, crta and crtb genes, into pbr322. a 968 ... | 1989 | 2676534 |
| evidence that the amino-terminus of the 33 kda extrinsic protein is required for binding to the photosystem ii complex. | chymotrypsin and staphylococcus aureus (strain v8) proteinase eliminated sixteen and eighteen amino acid residues, respectively, from the amino-terminal side of the extrinsic 33 kda protein of the oxygen-evolving photosystem ii (ps ii) complex of spinach. the carboxy-terminus of the resultant large fragments was found to be identical with that of the intact protein. neither fragment could rebind to ps ii membranes depleted of all the extrinsic proteins. circular dichroism spectroscopy did not re ... | 1989 | 2679884 |
| acyl carrier protein is present in the mitochondria of plants and eucaryotic micro-organisms. | proteins antigenically similar to the acyl carrier protein (acp) found in the mitochondria of neurospora crassa were detected by immunoblotting and radioimmunoassay techniques in mitochondria isolated from yeast, potatoes, and pea leaves. these mitochondrial proteins were similar to neurospora acp both in their electrophoretic mobility and in their unusual decrease in mobility upon reduction. authentic acp(s) show this type of change upon conversion of the acylated to the unacylated form. purifi ... | 1989 | 2680483 |
| [cloning of chloroplast psba and rbcl-genes from cotton gossipium hirsutum]. | the fragments of cotton gossipium hirsutum c.v. 108-f chloroplast genome were cloned in escherichia coli cells. the cloned psba and rbcl genes have been selected using the heterologous probes from spinach. the preliminary attempts to clone the complete psba gene in puc19 vector failed, probably, due to the toxicity of its product to escherichia coli cells, and its 5'- and 3'-ends were cloned separately. reconstruction experiments revealed that while the complete psba gene was unable to be stably ... | 1989 | 2682223 |
| characterization and n-terminal sequence of a 5 kda polypeptide in the photosystem i core complex from spinach. | photosystem i core complexes were isolated from spinach photosystem i particles after heat treatment in the presence of 50% (v/v) ethylene glycol (heat/eg treatment). the core complex from 58 degrees c/eg-treated particles was composed of polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 63, 60 and 5 kda; this complex contained the iron sulfur center fx but lacked center fa and fb. the core complex obtained from the 70 degrees c/eg-treated preparation lacked fx and contained a lesser amount of the ... | 1989 | 2689219 |
| presence in the stroma of chloroplasts of a large pool of a ribosomal protein not structurally related to any escherichia coli ribosomal protein. | a search was made for the presence of a pool of free ribosomal proteins in the stroma of the spinach chloroplast. the results showed that a relatively large amount of one protein, cs-s5, is present in the stroma. immunoprecipitation experiments showed that this protein is encoded by the nuclear genome. clones were isolated from a cdna library constructed in the expression vector lambda gt11, using specific antibodies raised against the cs-s5 protein. a full-length cdna was sequenced which contai ... | 1989 | 2693942 |
| crystal structure of the complex of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and a transition state analogue, 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate. | the crystal structure of the binary complex of nonactivated ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodospirillum rubrum and a transition state analogue, 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate has been determined to 2.6 a resolution with x-ray crystallographic methods. the transition state analogue binds in a rather extended conformation at the active site. the orientation of the transition state analogue within the active site could be determined from the electron density maps. t ... | 1989 | 2708355 |
| primary structure of spinach-chloroplast thioredoxin f. protein sequencing and analysis of complete cdna clones for spinach-chloroplast thioredoxin f. | the primary structure of thioredoxin f from spinach chloroplasts was determined by standard amino acid sequencing and furthermore by sequencing the corresponding nuclear genome region. the protein, with a calculated molecular mass of 12,564 da and a molar absorption coefficient at 280 nm of 17,700 m-1 cm-1, consists of 113 residues and exhibits 24% residue identities with spinach chloroplast thioredoxin mb or escherichia coli thioredoxin. a monospecific antibody elicited against thioredoxin f ha ... | 1989 | 2737203 |
| partial characterization of the gene coding for subunit iv of soybean mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase. | by using the spinach chloroplast atpe gene (epsilon-subunit coding gene) as a probe we have isolated, from a soybean mitochondrial dna library, a sequence containing a 405 base-pairs (bp) open-reading frame (orf). this orf, which is unique in the soybean mitochondrial genome, is probably part of an exon of the gene coding for subunit iv of the nadh dehydrogenase complex. the predicted protein shows 42% sequence similarity with the c-terminal region the aspergillus nidulans nad4 protein. the gene ... | 1989 | 2743433 |
| cotranscription of the s10- and spc-like operons in spinach chloroplasts and identification of three of their gene products. | the organisation and expression of the rpl22, rps3, rpl16 and rpl14 genes, which belong to the s10- and spc-like operons of spinach chloroplasts, have been studied. northern experiments and nuclease s1 mapping show that the two operon-like groups of genes are cotranscribed. it is demonstrated that the intron-containing rpl16 gene is spliced in vivo. based on amino acid composition and protein sequence data, the products of the rpl22, rpl16 and rpl14 genes are identified respectively as the spina ... | 1989 | 2747623 |
| computer modeling from solution data of spinach chloroplast and of xenopus laevis somatic and oocyte 5 s rrnas. | detailed atomic models of a eubacterial 5 s rrna (spinach chloroplast 5 s rrna) and of a eukaryotic 5 s rrna (somatic and oocyte 5 s rrna from xenopus laevis) were built using computer graphic. both models integrate stereochemical constraints and experimental data on the accessibility of bases and phosphates towards several structure-specific probes. the base sequence was first inserted on to three-dimensional structural fragments picked up in a specially devised databank. the fragments were mod ... | 1989 | 2754730 |
| isolation, characterization, and biological activity of ferredoxin-nad+ reductase from the methane oxidizer methylosinus trichosporium ob3b. | a ferredoxin-nad+ oxidoreductase (ec 1.18.1.3) has been isolated from extracts of the obligate methanotroph methylosinus trichosporium ob3b. this enzyme was shown to couple electron flow from formate dehydrogenase (nad+ requiring) to ferredoxin. ferredoxin-nad+ reductase was purified to homogeneity by conventional chromatography techniques and was shown to be a flavoprotein with a molecular weight of 36,000 +/- 1,000. this ferredoxin reductase was specific for nadh (km, 125 microm) and coupled e ... | 1989 | 2768195 |
| in vitro synthesis of biologically active beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) has a quadripartite plus-strand rna genome in which the two smallest genome components, rna 3 and 4, are not necessary for virus multiplication in leaves. infectious transcripts of bnyvv rna 3 and 4 have already been described (v. ziegler-graff, s. bouzoubaa, i. jupin, h. guilley, g. jonard, and k. richards (1988) j. gen. virol. 69, 2347-2357). in this paper we describe synthesis of a full-length rna-1 transcript by bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase-directed ... | 1989 | 2773320 |
| laser flash photolysis studies of the kinetics of reduction of spinach and clostridium ferredoxins by a viologen analogue: electrostatically controlled nonproductive complex formation and differential reactivity among the iron-sulfur clusters. | we have studied the transient kinetics of electron transfer from a positively charged viologen analogue (propylene diquat), reduced by pulsed laser excitation of the deazariboflavin/edta system, to the net negatively charged ferredoxins from spinach and clostridium pasteurianum. spinach ferredoxin showed monophasic kinetics over the ionic strength range studied, consistent with the presence of only a single iron-sulfur center. clostridium ferredoxin at low ionic strength showed biphasic kinetics ... | 1989 | 2775750 |
| light-induced charge separation in photosystem i at low temperature is not influenced by vitamin k-1. | the photoreduction of iron-sulfur centers was studied at low temperature in photosystem i particles from spinach and the cyanobacterium synechocystis 6803, which contain various amounts of vitamin k-1 (recently tentatively identified as the acceptor a1). the irreversible charge separation that was progressively induced at low temperature between p-700 and fa (or fb) by successive laser flashes was studied at 15 k. its maximum amount after a large number of flashes was shown to be fairly independ ... | 1987 | 2823891 |
| affinity labeling of the allosteric activator site(s) of spinach leaf adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase. | pyridoxal-p has been shown to be an activator of the spinach leaf adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase. it has a higher apparent affinity than the physiological activator 3-phosphoglycerate but only activates the enzyme activity 6-fold whereas 3-phosphoglycerate gives a 25-fold activation. reductive phosphopyridoxylation of the spinach leaf enzyme results in enzyme having less dependence on the presence of activator for activity. labeled pyridoxal-p is incorporated into both the 54- and 51-kilodalton s ... | 1988 | 2826457 |
| nucleotide sequence and linkage map position of the secx gene in maize chloroplast and evidence that it encodes a protein belonging to the 50s ribosomal subunit. | the nucleotide sequence of the segment of maize chloroplast dna lying between the map coordinate positions 32.59 and 32.98 kb and containing the secx gene has been determined. the derived amino acid sequence of maize chloroplast secx is 95%, 87% and 62% identical to the corresponding derived amino acid sequences from two plant chloroplasts and escherichia coli, respectively. it is also 70% identical to the experimentally determined amino acid sequence of a protein isolated from bacillus stearoth ... | 1987 | 2829909 |
| organization and structure of the genes for the cytochrome b/c1 complex in purple photosynthetic bacteria. a phylogenetic study describing the homology of the b/c1 subunits between prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. | the cytochrome b/c1 complex is an ubiquitous energy transducing enzyme, part of the electron transport chain of prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts (b6/f). in the ancient purple photosynthetic bacteria, the b/c1 complex occupies a central metabolic role, being part of their photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chain. in rhodobacter the three subunits of the b/c1 complex are fes protein, cytochrome b, and cytochrome c1, and they are encoded by a constitutively expressed opero ... | 1988 | 2831186 |