| functional similarity and diversity in peritoneal macrophage populations induced in vivo by various stimuli. | | 1979 | 232817 |
| suppression and regression of a transplanted tumor in the guinea pig colon mediated by mycobacterium bovis, strain bcg. | the growth in the colon wall of a diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinoma was suppressed by bcg. injection of bcg into established colon-wall tumors caused tumor regression. successful therapy required a limited tumor burden. guinea pigs in which growth of the neoplasm was suppressed at the site of bcg infection developed systemic tumor transplantation immunity. | 1975 | 234537 |
| bcg and cancer prevention. | | 1975 | 234658 |
| the mediator of cellular immunity. x. interaction of macrophages and specifically sensitized lymphocytes. | | 1975 | 237635 |
| observations on trace proteins in plasma of febrile patients by cationic disc electrophoresis in acrylamide gel at ph 3.8. | cationic disc electrophoresis at ph 3.5 in 6 m urea-containing acrylamide gels permits analysis of plasma and other body fluids for the presence of trace proteins with pi greater than or equal 5 and m.w. less than 60,000. these charge and size characteristics would include rabbit and human granulocytic pyrogen, human monocytic pyrogen and, by inference, other similar candidate pyrogenic proteins. semiquantitation of the trace protein content can be achieved by densitometric scanning of gels stai ... | 1975 | 238735 |
| [asparagine metabolism in mycobacteria. ii. -- asparagine hydrolysis and aspartohydroxamic acid formation and hydrolysis catalysed by m. fortuitum, m. phlei and bcg asparaginases (author's transl)]. | crude extracts of bcg, m. fortuitum and m. phlei, hydrolyse asparagine (i) and l-beta-asparthohydroxamic acid (iii), and catalyse the synthesis of aspartohydroxamic acid from asparagine and hydroxylamine (ii). the ratio between these enzymatic activities (i:ii and i:iii) presents a certain stability during the different steps of purification of these mycobacteria asparaginases. in particular, m. fortuitum asparaginase has been purified 90 to 130-fold, with recovery of approximately 10%. only the ... | 1975 | 239619 |
| a new group of water-soluble iron-binding compounds from mycobacteria: the exochelins. | | 1975 | 240908 |
| low molecular weight water-soluble peptidoglycans as adjuvants and immunostimulants. | the tetrasaccharide-heptapeptide (th), when injected with mineral oil, exerted a strong adjuvant effect. it stimulated b and t cells, but did not increase the phagocytic activity of the reticulo-endothelial system. while bcg exerted significant preventive effect on the growth of sarcoma 180, leucosarcomatosis an ehrlich ascitic tumor, th, at the doses used, was devoid of such activity. | 1975 | 241167 |
| changes in distribution of human malignant melanoma membrane antigens in the presence of human antibody by immunofluorescence. | four viable human melanoma cell lines demonstrated full-surface fluorescence (fsf) after incubation at room temperature with antisera from three melanoma patients receiving autologous or homologous immunization with irradiated cultured melanoma cells and bacillus calmette-guérin. by sequential immuno-fluorescent staining, it had been shown that fsf was followed by capping and extrusion of antigen-antibody complexes. one melanoma cell line was tested against its autologous antiserum. in the prese ... | 1977 | 318607 |
| direct toxic effects of immunopotentiators on monocytic, myelomonocytic, and histiocytic or macrophage tumor cells in culture. | four murine monocyte, myelomonocyte, and histiocyte or macrophage tumor cell lines adapted to culture were growth inhibited by one or more of the following macrophage-activating substances: mycobacterium bovis, bacillus calmette-guérin strain, zymosan, lipopolysaccharide, and dextran sulfate, as well as tuberculin purified protein derivative, but not latex beads. lipopolysaccharide was effective with one line at 4 ng/ml. all four lines actively phagocytosed zymosan and latex beads. in many cases ... | 1977 | 318922 |
| malignant melanoma of the rectal ampulla: report of a case and review of the literature. | documentation of the seventeenth case of melanoma of the rectum is presented. the world literature is reviewed. the effectiveness of immunotherapy with bcg or bcg in combination with ccnu and dtic remains to be established. | 1977 | 318982 |
| plasma-dependent chemotaxis of macrophages toward bcg cell walls and the mycobacterial glycolipid p3. | bcg cell walls, associated with oil droplets in the form of emulsions in saline, generate macrophage chemotactic activity from fresh guinea pig plasma. serum and heat-inactivated plasma were inactive, suggesting involvement of complement or fibrinogen-derived chemotactic factors. suspensions of cell walls and oil droplets each generated chemotactic activity from plasma, and the activity of the cell wall vaccine was due to the additive effects of these two components. a mycobacterial glycolipid ( ... | 1977 | 319056 |
| abnormalitieis of monocyte chemotaxis in patients with melanoma: effects of immunotherapy and tumor removal. | the chemotactic responsiveness of peripheral blood monocytes was studied before and after immunotherapy was administered to 56 patients with melanoma. abnormal chemotaxis was found in 36 patients (64%) prior to treatment; this abnormality correlated with severity of disease and prognosis. immunotherapy with bcg and sensitized autologous lymphocytes and x-irradiated melanoma cells or surgical removal of the neoplasm both reduced the percentage of patients with abnormal chemotactic responses. the ... | 1977 | 319243 |
| effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide on the intratumor injection of bcg. | rats with established subcutaneous tumors were treated by repeated intratumor injections of bcg over a 5-week period. isonicotinic acid hydrazide (inh) was given to some rats to determine if this drug decreased the effect of bcg on local tumor growth. inh alone had no effect on either survival or tumor volume. rats treated with either bcg or bcg and inh had prolonged survivals and smaller tumor volumes than did controls rats. in these experiments, inh did not decrease the effect of bcg on local ... | 1977 | 319244 |
| immunotherapy with viral oncolysates for sarcoma. | | 1977 | 319278 |
| comparison of techniques for measuring the local and systemic responses to tuberculin in cattle. | thermography of tuberculin skin reactions in cattle sensitized with mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium bovis, or mycobacterium paratuberculosis was rapid and sensitive, but was not as specifically related to the homologous sensitization as was increased skin thickness at 48 and 72 hours. systemic temperature responses were more completely monitored by radiotelemetry of intraperitoneally located temperature transmitters than by rectal thermometry, but the temperatures indicated by the 2 methods w ... | 1977 | 319714 |
| effect of dose, route, and schedule of bcg on antibody titer and survival of murine skin grafts across a weak histocompatibility barrier. | skin was transplanted from male to female c57bl/6jrc mice. bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) was administered once subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intraperitoneally either 14 days prior to grafting or on the day of grafting in a dose of 5 x 10(5), 5 x 10(6), or 5 x 10(7) microorganisms. serum antibody to bcg was assayed using complement fixation. there was a linear inverse relation between skin graft rejection and dose of bcg (p less than .01) such that the lowest dose of bcg was the most effec ... | 1977 | 319893 |
| comparison of two freeze-dried bcg vaccines in the laboratory and in man. | | 1977 | 320214 |
| colony-forming ability of marrow from patients receiving immunotherapy during chemotherapy-induced remission in acute myeloid leukaemia. | an in vivo culture system, the agar diffusion chamber technique, has been used to measure the population of colony-forming precursor cells in the bone marrow of patients receiving immunotherapy during acute myeloid leukaemia in remission. the results of these assays indicate that (1) the level of committed granulocytic stem cells usually remains below the range found in normal marrow throughout remission, and (2) the maintenance of adequate cell counts in the blood may be due to increased cell p ... | 1977 | 320231 |
| scanning electron microscopy of the subarachnoid space in the dog. v. macrophages challenged by bacillus calmette-guerin. | mongrel dogs were anesthetized intraperitoneally with pentobarbitol. one cc of cerebrospinal fluid was drawn through a needle inserted into the cisterna magna and mixed with 1 cc (4-9 million viable bcg organisms) of freeze-dried bacillus calmette-guerin. one minute later this mixture was injected by the same needle into the cisterna magna. at 1 and 12 days postinjection, experimental animals were perfused with buffered aldehydes. samples of the leptomeninges were post-fixed in oso4 and routinel ... | 1977 | 320233 |
| responses of tumors induced in inbred guinea pig strain jy=1 and strain hartley/f to bcg. | a transplantable fibrosarcoma induced in inbred jy-1 guinea pig strain by 3-methylcholanthrene (mca) and designated j4, an allotransplantable subline of j4 (jh4) which was obtained by the transplantation of j4 into the inbred hartley/f guinea pig strain and maintained by passages in this strain, and a syngeneic liposarcoma h10 induced in a hartley/f guinea pig by mca were tested for their immunotherapeutic response with bcg. the growth of j4 and h10 tumors was suppressed in most of the animals w ... | 1977 | 320348 |
| identification of challenged subarachnoid free cells. | three distinct types of free cell contours are recognizable in scanning electron microscopy (sem) on the leptomeningeal sheaths of dogs twelve days after an intrathecal injection of bacillus of dogs twelve days after an intrathecal injection of bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg). macrophages posses abundant plasmalemnal blebs which are shown in transmission electron microscopy (tem) to be composed of large membrane-bound vacuoles. smooth surfaced lymphoblasts exhibit many basal microvilli that rest ... | 1977 | 320859 |
| histochemical studies relating the activation of macrophages to the intracellular destruction of tubercle bacilli. | dermal tuberculous lesions, both primary and those of reinfection, were produced in rabbits with 14c-labeled bcg and biopsied once at various times. macrophage activation was evaluated by the indolyl histochemical test for beta-galatosidase, the number of bacilli in macrophages by acid-fast staining, and the breakdown of bacilli by autoradiography. after the rabbits became tuberculin positive, the stongly activated macrophage population contained a) fewer parasitized cell, b) fewer bacilli in ea ... | 1977 | 320876 |
| effects of methanol extraction residue of bacillus calmette-guérin in humans. | forty patients with histologically confirmed neoplastic diseases were treated with the methanol extraction residue of bacillus calmette-guérin (mer). thirty-six received concomitant chemotherapy. mer was initially given intradermally twice a month, 1 week apart, at a dose of 200 mug into each of five sites draining different lymph node-bearing areas on the anterior body surface. thirty-seven patients developed local ulcerations at least 0.5 cm in diameter at mer injection sites. typical lesion e ... | 1977 | 321117 |
| the effect of bcg on in vitro immune reactivity and clinical course in dogs treated surgically for osteosarcoma. | | 1977 | 321227 |
| escape from antibody-mediated immune suppression in vitro by delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. | anti-sheep erythrocyte antiserum suppressed the in vitro immune response of swine spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes. inhibition of the in vitro anti-sheep erythrocyte response was also observed in neonatal spleen cells, which were obtained from piglets recently fed colostrum. addition of purified protein derivative (ppd) to spleen cell cultures prepared from animals previously sensitized to mycobacterium bovis reversed the immunosuppression caused by passive antibody. passive antibody regulatio ... | 1977 | 321357 |
| passive local anaphylaxis: demonstration of antitumor activity and complementation of intratumor bcg. | when an extracellular dye, lissamine green, or 51cr-labeled spleen cells were injected iv into c3h mice bearing small, partially necrotic 3-methylcholanthrene-induced transplantable fibrosarcomas (mcc3), the tumor content of these circulating elements per unit weight was substantially lower than that of other selected organs. the level of these blood-borne materials was, however, significantly augmented by the intratumor induction of passive local anaphylaxis (pla). the pla-induced augmentation ... | 1977 | 321794 |
| tumor immunology and immunotherapy. | tumor cells contain a variety of antigens, including tumor associated antigens. the tumor associated antigens can be clinically useful as markers for detection of cancer and some may also mediate host resistance against tumor growth. much emphasis has been placed on the detection of circulating tumor associated markers, with radioimmunoassays for carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) being extensively utilized. at present, cea does not appear to be promising for initial detection of cancer, but may fin ... | 1977 | 321899 |
| endotoxin-induced serum factor controlling differentiation of bone-marrow-derived lymphocytes. | serum from bacillus calmette-guerin-infected mice injected with endotoxin induces the appearance of surface immunoglobulin, ia antigen, and complement receptor on the surface of precursor bone-marrow-derived (b) cells. while endotoxin itself causes phenotypic conversion of both thymus-derived (t) cells and b cells in vitro, the endotoxin-induced serum factor was found to be a selective inducer of b cell differentiation. spleen cells rendered immunodeficient by removal of b cells bearing the comp ... | 1977 | 322150 |
| immunotherapy of cancer. | clinical studies have indicated a close relationship between immunological competency and the growth of human cancer. studies in animal systems have indicated that immunological mechanisms are important in host-tumor existence. a number of agents are in the process of being evaluated for their immunotherapeutic potential in patients with cancer. these include levamisole, bacille calmette guérin (bcg) and corynebacterium parvum. while the precise role of these agents in the treatment of human mal ... | 1977 | 322390 |
| [treatment of solid tumours by intratumoral injection of immunostimulants]. | intra-lesional injections of immunostimulants--bcg or corynebacterium parpum--induced a local cure of the mcfifj2(s) tumour and a remote therapeutic effect. when applied to rats multigrafted with the mcfifi2(s) tumour, local and distant cures were obtained in some situations. this indicates the likely intervention of a specific immune mechanism. quantilating the pulmonary metastasis in combination with local treatment of lewis mouse tumours showed that bcg plus c. parvum injected into the tumour ... | 1977 | 322574 |
| [immunotherapy of chemically induced rat colon cancer]. | an experimental model of chemically induced or transplanted rat colon carcinoma has been used to test the effects of specific (cancer cells) or non specific (bcg) immunotherapy. according to the immunization technique and schedule experiemnts resulted in a partial inhibition or definite enhancement of tumour growth. these experimental data emphasize the possible hazards of human colon cancer immunotherapy. | 1977 | 322575 |
| membrane lipid metabolism of bacillus calmette-guerin-induced rabbit alveolar macrophages. | we examined the uptake of radiolabeled lysophospholipids and oleic acid by bacillus calmette-guerin-induced rabbit alveolar macrophages either in the presence or absence of challenge particles. there was no difference in the uptake and metabolism of lysophospholipids by control or challenged cells for incubation periods up to 5 h. when incubated with [3h]oleic acid, challenged cells consistently exhibited a slightly greater uptake of radioactivity. extraction of the whole cells revealed that the ... | 1977 | 322724 |
| a cytokinetic analysis of bacillus calmette-guérin-induced growth control of a murine leukemia. | the cytokinetics of an isogeneic, transplantable, lymphoid leukemia, growing as an ascitic tumor in the c57bl/6 mouse, has been investigated during normal growth and during regression induced by weekly injections i.v. of 1.0 mg bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg). survival was significantly prolonged in the bcg-treated group, and 27% of the mice were apparently cured. the tumor growth curves showed, furthermore, that bcg-rreated mice could be divided into two groups according to whether the ascitic t ... | 1977 | 322860 |
| immunoprophylaxis and therapy of grafted rat colonic carcinoma. | two independent lines of chemically-induced colonic carcinoma, serially graftable in syngeneic rats, have been used to investigate the effects of immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy. rats were immunised by various procedures, including bcg, irradiated tumour grafts, and cancer cells treated by mitomycin and neuraminidase. a partial inhibition of tumour growth was observed in one of the four protocols. on the other hand, a significant enhancement of tumour growth was obtained in two other experim ... | 1977 | 323119 |
| characterization of the nonphagocytic adherent cell from the peritoneal cavity of normal and bcg-treated mice. | a distinctive subpopulation of nonphagocytic, tightly adherent cells (npac) comprised approximately 6% of the adherent peritoneal cells from untreated mice, and about 18% of those from mice previously given bcg i.p. a separation procedure based on adherence and lack of phagocytosis was devised. isolated npac were morphologically intermediate between small lymphocytes and macrophages. they were positive for nonspecific esterase, negative for peroxidase, positive for surface igm, and negative for ... | 1977 | 323354 |
| inhibition and stimulation of the growth of krebs-2 carcinoma by bcg vaccine. | the effect of bcg vaccine on the growth of imtransplants of krebs-2 carcinoma in mice was studied. the simultaneous injection of bcg and tumor cells either inhibited tumor growth (bcg given in admixture with tumor cells) or stimulated it (bcg injected contralateral to the tumor transplantation site). the bcg dose was directly related to the effect. tumor growth was also stimulated by the ip injection of starch or liquid paraffin. in these experiments, the bcg effect was attributed to the redistr ... | 1977 | 323506 |
| effect of systemic administration of bcg cell walls on bronchogenic carcinoma in hamsters. | systemic injection of bcg cell walls was evaluated for effects on the development of respiratory tract tumors induced by intratracheal instillation of benzo[a]pyrene plus fe2o3 in syrian hamsters. only 74% of animals developed respiratory tract tumors at the dose level of benzo[a]pyrene used. treatment with bcg cell walls reduced the incidence of respiratory tract tumors to 50%. a similar effect of treatment with bcg cell walls was found when only malignant tumors of the respiratory tract were c ... | 1977 | 323508 |
| [experimental studies of tuberculosis using nude and germ-free mice]. | | 1977 | 323551 |
| [bone tuberculosis of the bovine type after bcg-vaccination (author's transl)]. | it is reported about the bcg-osteomyelitis in early childhood. a long intervall between bcg-vaccination and the onset of clinical symptoms, the good general condition of the patient, nearly unrestricted joint function, often negative bacteriological culture for the tubercle bacillus and negative guinea-pig test are characteristics. even with extensive lesions of the epiphysis and metaphysis of the long bone and formation of an abscess, the course of the disease seems to be fairly benign. operati ... | 1977 | 324161 |
| clearance of viable calmette-guèrin bacillus by the in vitro isolated and perfused rat liver. | liver efficiency in clearing circulating bcg (clamette-guèrin bacillus) was studied using the isolated rat liver. bacteria were added to the perfusate at a concentration of 1 x 10(6) cells/ml, and the medium was then sampled at subsequent intervals for 6 hours in 2 perfusions and for 1 hour in 7 perfusions. at the end of all perfusions, liver and bile samples were obtained and used for viable bacterial counts. for each perfusion the bactericidal activity which might have been exerted by serum pr ... | 1977 | 324220 |
| the current status of bcg immunization against tuberculosis. | | 1977 | 324370 |
| mycobacterium bovis infection in baboons (papio papio). | two tuberculin-positive baboons in a primate colony were found to have grossly visible tuberculous lesions in the liver, spleen, lung, and mediastinal lymph nodes on necropsy. results of histopathologic examination of the tissues showed granulomas with langhans giant cells. an acid-fast organism was isolated from tissues of each baboon; the isolates were identified as mycobacterium bovis by being negative for niacin production and nitrate reduction and by their susceptibility to thiophen-2-carb ... | 1977 | 324436 |
| monitoring immunotherapy with bacillus calmette-guérin by antibody titer. | antibody titer to bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) was determined by complement fixation in 111 normal volunteers and 83 melanoma patients. in 43 of these melanoma patients, sequential determination of antibody titer was made and correlated with clinical course. low titers of antibody to bcg were found frequently in normal volunteers and in melanoma patients prior to bcg immunotherapy. the typical response to bcg immunotherapy was a rapid rise of antibody titer to high levels. six of 19 patients w ... | 1977 | 324610 |
| enhancement of antileukemic effect in combination of 5-fluorouracil and ok-432. | ok-432, a streptococcal preparation with potent antitumor activity, has been evaluated for its efficacy in experimental and clincal trials. this preparation, however, was ineffective against mouse l1210 leukemia in all treatment schedules. the results of this study indicate that treatments with ok-432 and nucleic acid antimetabolites, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-fu), exert a synergistic effect against l1210 leukemia probably in conjunction with the immunologic defenses of the host. this therapeuti ... | 1977 | 324619 |
| decreased phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages from bcg-treated mice: induction of the phagocytic defect in normal macrophages with bcg in vitro. | | 1977 | 324633 |
| effector cells for antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. i. increased cytotoxicity after priming with bcg-ss. | | 1977 | 324637 |
| effects of bcg and corynebacterium parvum on the haemopoietic precursor cells in continuously irradiated mice: possible mechanisms of action in immunotherapy. | | 1977 | 324769 |
| effect of anti-thymocyte serum, anti-macrophage serum, and latex particles on the therapeutic efficacy of bcg or corynebacterium liquefaciens (propionibacterium acnes c7) in syngeneic mice. | in a syngeneic mouse-tumor system, anti-thymocyte serum, anti-macrophage serum, and latex particles were used for a comparative study of the immunotherapeutic efficacy of intradermal inoculation of tumor cell-bcg and tumor cell-corynebacterium liquefaciens (=propionibacterium acnes c7) vaccines. anti-thymocyte serum treatment nullified suppression of tumor mediated by bcg (living and nonliving) and living c. liquefaciens. however, the effect of nonliving c. liquefaciens was not affected so much ... | 1977 | 324858 |
| production and assay of antibodies against one antigenic component of mycobacterium bovis bcg. | monospecific antisera against bcg antigen 60 were produced by all of four rabbits during immunization with precipitates containing antigen 60 cut out of gels after crossed immunoelectrophoresis. during electrolytic iodination of a crude antigen 60 preparation, preferential labeling of antigen 60 was demonstrated, and a specific radioimmunoassay was established to follow the development of anti-bcg-60 activity during immunization. | 1977 | 324917 |
| circulating immune complexes detected by 125i-clq deviation test in sera of cancer patients. | the presence of circulating immune complexes in freshly drawn sera of patients with various forms of malignancies was detected by the 125i-clq deviation test of sobel et al. more than 50% of the 459 cancer sera showed a high inhibition of 125i-clq uptake by sensitized sheep erythrocytes when compared with sera of 50 healthy laboratory personnel. the levels were compared with levels of total hemolytic complement and immunochemical determinations of cl1 and c3. a correlation between high levels of ... | 1977 | 325016 |
| studies on demyelination by activated lymphocytes in the rabbit eye. i. effects of a mononuclear cell infiltrate induced by products of activated lymphocytes. | | 1977 | 325139 |
| macrophage function in tumor-bearing mice: tumoricidal and chemotactic responses of macrophages activated by infection with mycobacterium bovis, strain bcg. | | 1977 | 325142 |
| failure of adjuvant immunotherapy to prevent central nervous system metastases in malignant melanoma patients. | a review of our experience using bcg immunotherapy as a postsurgical adjunct in the treatment of melanoma shows that the incidence of systemic metastases appears to have been reduced. however, central nervous system (cns) metastases continue to develop in these patients and represent the single most frequent cause of death. serial studies of immune competence in these patients reveal that those with cns metastases usually retain normal immune responses, whereas those with metastases at other sit ... | 1977 | 325299 |
| analysis of the results of treament of lung cancer patients with bcg according to the scheme of application of the bacillus. | bcg has successfuly been applied in lymphoid and in myeloid leukemia but no positive results have been demonstrated in solid tumors except malignant melanoma after intratumoral injection. the authors' approach consists in applying bcg as an only antitumor treatment, much smaller doses and in much longer intervals between them than used by other investigators. the analysis of the treatment schemes of bcg, applied to 171 lung cancer patients showed that positive responses have been obtained only i ... | 1977 | 325424 |
| fatal generalized bcg histiocytosis. | an infant was vaccinated at the age of 3 days with bcg vaccine. at the age of 3 years 10 months he developed an infection by salmonella typhimurium. the infection persisted with recurrent episodes of fever, peri-nephritic abscess, abscesses of lymph nodes, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and paravertebral and retro-peritoneal abscesses, from which salmonella were isolated. at the age of 6 years and 2 months later. at post-mortem examination there were widespread histiocytic nodules in many organs, fr ... | 1977 | 325838 |
| immunostimulation or immunodepression? | our experimental studies and extensive literature survey established that the overall response of an experimentally modified host defense system is strongly dose-dependent, irrespective of either the modifying agent or the test model system. if a sufficiently broad dose range is used, an irregular, nonlinear, nonmonotonic response curve is formed, generally w- or m-shaped, depending on the parameters selected for the representation, with two peaks of relative maximal effect. accordingly, a modif ... | 1977 | 326313 |
| phage types of mycobacterium bovis, substrains of bcg. | nineteen substrains of mycobacterium bovis, strain bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) used in laboratories throughout the world for the preparation of bcg vaccines were phage-typed with a battery of mycobacteriophages. the results revealed differences in their susceptibility to phage lysis that allow subdivision of these strains of bcg into two or more phage types. | 1977 | 326364 |
| classification of the bladder cancer patient based on in vitro measurements of the immune response. | in vitro measurements of the immune response in patients with cancer can be divided into those that estimate nonspecific and those that estimate tumor-specific immune responses. contained herein is a review of these measurements, especially as they relate to studies that have been reported in patients with transitional cell carcinoma (tcc). in vitro tumor-specific immunity has been extensively examined in tcc using the lymphocyte-mediated microcytotoxicity assay, but subsequent observations on t ... | 1977 | 326395 |
| renal tuberculosis in a child: an unusual presentation, toxic nephritis. | | 1977 | 326456 |
| tumor regression after intralesional injection of emulsified trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor): efficacy increases with oil concentration. | injection of emulsified trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (tdm), a mycobacterial glycolipid, into transplants of an established, syngeneic murine fibrosarcoma induced complete regression of tumor in a number of animals. the number of animals in wich tumor regressed completely depended on the amount of oil in the emulsion. the anti-tumor activity of the tdm emulsion containing the highest concentration of oil was equivalent to that of living bcg. | 1977 | 326683 |
| strain variation in bcg-induced chronic pulmonary inflammation in mice. i. basic model and possible genetic control by non-h-2 genes. | c57bl/6 mice (haplotype h-2b) responded in a dose-dependent fashion to killed bcg by marked enlargement of the spleen and lung. neither cba nor c3h mice (haplotype h-2k) responded to such treatment. pulmonary inflammation in responder b6 animals was characterized by a marked chronic interstitial and alveolar granulomatous process, and was accompanied by occasional granulomata, hyperemia, and loss of architecture in the spleen. inflammation in non-responder cba and c3h animals was minimal in both ... | 1977 | 326963 |
| the statistical distribution of macrophage migration distance and its application to mif test. | the measurement of the distance of macrophage migration is very simple and reasonable as a technique in mif assay. by the use of this technique, a large scale model experiment was performed and its data were analysed statistically. as the result of analysis, student's t-test for significance of the difference between control and test readings of migration distance at low activity level in the mif test was justified, and it was proved that it is applicable to the routine mif test. in addition to ... | 1977 | 326969 |
| trypanosoma cruzi: modification of macrophage function during infection. | infection of mice with trypanosoma cruzi and subsequent intraperitoneal challenge with heat-killed trypanosomes elicits peritoneal macrophages which display in vitro microbicidal activity against trypomastigotes of t. cruzi. these cells also display other activated properties including rapid spreading, intense membrane activity, secretion of high levels of plasminogen activator, and ingestion mediated by the c3 receptor. an intravenous infection with bcg, followed by an intraperitoneal challenge ... | 1977 | 327012 |
| trypanosoma cruzi: the immunological induction of macrophage plasminogen activator requires thymus-derived lymphocytes. | in this article we describe methods in which unstimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages were induced to secrete high livels of plasminogen activator under in vitro conditions. the exposure of sensitized peritoneal or spleen cell populations from trypanosoma cruzi-infected animals to either viable or heat-killed trypanosomes lead to the release of an inducing factor(s). maximal levels of plasminogen activator secretion are achieved by the incubation of such factors (s) with unstimulated macrophage ... | 1977 | 327013 |
| [studies on the step-wise extraction of bcg cell surface components and immunological properties of the extracts]. | | 1977 | 327115 |
| macrophage tumor killing: influence of the local environment. | tumor killing by activated macrophages is not a highly determined biologic event, but a relative capability influenced by the local environment. an intrinsic macrophage cytotoxic effector system is modulated by serum and other environmental factors that can either enhance or suppress tumor killing. activated macrophages kill tumor cells only when a regulating threshold drops to a critically low level. | 1977 | 327547 |
| migration-inhibition response of peripheral leukocytes to tuberculin in cats sensitized with viable mycobacterium bovis (bcg). | delayed hypersensitivity reactions to antigens injected intradermally are reported as not occurring in the cat. cats infected with viable mycobacterium bovis (bcg) organisms developed a transient migration-inhibition response of their leukocytes to tuberculin. the migration-inhibition response subsided in 6 weeks in spite of the persistance of viable bcg. significant intradermal reactions to tuberculin 60 days after bcg injection did not occur. the response of the cat differs from that of many m ... | 1977 | 327877 |
| isolation of mycobacterium bovis from the prepuce of a herd bull. | a tuberculous lesion was found in the prepuce of a 5-year-old tuberculin-positive herd bull at necropsy. microscopic examination revealed granulomas with langhans'-type giant cells; mycobacterium bovis was isolated. the bull had been used in artificial insemination procedures and for natural breeding. | 1977 | 327878 |
| l2c leukemia: a model of human acute leukemia. | | 1977 | 328309 |
| complement activation by the alternative pathway and macrophage enzyme secretion in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. | a number of stimuli known to induce acid hydrolase secretion from cultured macrophages were examined for their ability to activate c3 via the alternative pathway of the complement system. loss of haemolytically active c3 was checked in normal and c4-deficient guinea-pig serum. for comparison the interactions of cultured macrophages with other agents well known as potent activators of the alternative pathway of the complement system have been investigated. as judged by their activity in these ass ... | 1977 | 328387 |
| specific detection of mycobacteria by the immunofluorescent technique. | using an indirect immunofluorescent technique, m. bovis var. bcg can be differentiated from m. avium in pure culture. the test involves using an unlabeled antiserum prepared against b-24, a type specific antigen of m. bovis var. bcg. in the same system m. bovis could be differentiated from other pathogenic my cobacteria in tissue sections of naturally and experimentally infected animals. | 1977 | 328424 |
| possible use of the oxygen uptake rate in the evaluation of bcg vaccines. | two existing methods suitable for the determination of the oxygen uptake rate (our) in bcg suspensions (warburg and gilson oxygraph) are described and compared. with the former method the oxygen uptake rates of the 10 samples of the bcg collaborative assay of the bcg steering committee of the international association of biological standardization were determined. when the results are compared with those of colony count and skin reactivity from the collaborative assay, there is a better correlat ... | 1977 | 328506 |
| evaluation of bcg vaccines in children, the effect of strain and dose. | this paper presents results from a number of studies where different bcg products and bcg strains were compared and evaluated by the immediate effect after vaccination. it was shown that bcg strains differ in terms of allergenic potency. however, two products prepared from the same strain in different laboratories may differ more than two products prepared from different strains in one laboratory. thus for products prepared from different strains in different laboratories the allergenic potency ... | 1977 | 328507 |
| conclusions and recommendations arising out of a w.h.o. informal consultation on 'the choice of a bcg strain' for the production of freeze-dried vaccine. bilthoven, 10 march 1976. | | 1977 | 328508 |
| report on results of a collaborative assay of bcg vaccines organized by the international associaton of biological standardization. | in a collaborative assay initiated by the international association of biological standardization 13 laboratories investigated the properties of 10 freeze-dried bcg vaccines made in different ways by different producers which met the requirements of the world health organization. the in vitro tests with respect to the dry weight of the bacteria, the number of culturable particles and the stability during storage at 37 degrees c gave results which showed statistically significant differences betw ... | 1977 | 328509 |
| a selective oleic acid albumin agar medium for the cultivation of mycobacterium bovis. | the modification of middlebrook's 7h11 oleic acid albumin agar medium by the addition of fresh bovine serum and lysed sheep red cells to encourage growth of mycobacterium bovis is described. the improved medium was made selective by the addition of antibiotics and a comparative trial of this medium and the guineapig test in the isolation of m. bovis from badger tissues is reported. a close agreement between the two tests was found; the guinea-pig test detected 95% of all isolations and culture d ... | 1977 | 328766 |
| adjuvant protection against bacterial infection in granulocytopenic mice. | the hypothesis that the induction of nonspecific resistance to infection by immunostimulation prior to drug-induced granulocytopenia would afford increased protection to subsequent bacterial challenge was tested in a murine model of infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa or staphylococcus aureus in mice rendered granulocytopenic with cyclophosphamide. prior intraperitoneal immunostimulation of mice with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) or mycobacterium bovis (bacille calmette-guèrin; bcg) increas ... | 1977 | 328788 |
| mechanisms of action of immunopotentiating agents in cancer therapy. | | 1977 | 329658 |
| method for evaluation of mycobacterium bovis purified protein derivative tuberculin in experimentally infected cattle. | a method for the evaluation of mycobacterium bovis purified protein derivative (ppd) tuberculin in experimentally infected cattle is presented. the development of skin test responses in m bovis-infected cattle was determined for international standard ppd-s, m bovis ppd-2, and m bovis ppd-5 at 24, 48, and 72 hours. significantly larger reactions (dermal thickness) were observed at 48 and 72 hours than at 24 hours (p = 0.001). statistically significant differences were not detected in the respons ... | 1977 | 329720 |
| [rapid microanalysis of phtiocerol dimycocerosate, mycosides and glycerides in the petroleum ether extracts of mycobacterium kansasii and bcg tye pasteur]. | | 1977 | 329895 |
| [permeability of cutaneous macrophage lysosomal membrane in delayed hypersensitivity to streptococcal antigens]. | the acid phosphatase (aph) was studied in the skin macrophage lysosomes of animals with delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to the antigens of group a streptococci or tuberculoproteins. the histochemical procedure for the aph determination was employed in the skin sections without any preliminary tissue fixation. intradermal injection of specific antigens in dth proved to lead to the increase of the lysosomal membrane permeability in the skin macrophages. these data support the supposition that ... | 1977 | 329918 |
| preclinical study of iv administration of the methanol extraction residue of bacillus calmette-guérin. | | 1977 | 329984 |
| the "c" phase in continuous flow analysis. | | 1977 | 330025 |
| cytochemical and biological properties of mycobacterium bovis bcg. | it was the aim of the present communication to find a simple test for a reliable discrimination of mycobacterium bovis bcg from mycobacterium tuberculosis. a total of 26 bcg strains, out of them 10 czechoslovak strains (2 lyophilized cultures of bcg of different batch, 6 strains isolated from abscesses of children after bcg-vaccination and 2 strains from fatal cases after bcg-vaccination) and 16 strains obtained from foreign laboratories, were used. of the tested characteristics a combination of ... | 1977 | 330364 |
| modification by soluble antigen of the immune response to mycobacterial infection. | after inoculation with viable bcg organisms, spleen cells from mice developed cellular immune reactivity to purified protein derivative antigen by day 10, which declined by day 25; after rechallenge on day 25, a vigorous secondary response rapidly developed (by day 29). the inclusion of autochthonous serum (from the bcg-infected mice) in the in vitro cellular immune reactivity tests altered this pattern considerably: the primary response was shortened, and the secondary response totally abated, ... | 1977 | 330397 |
| suppression of babesiosis in bcg-infected mice and its correlation with tumor inhibition. | infection of mice with bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) provided good protection against babesia species. the intensity and duration of this protection was similar to that established after natural recovery from babesiosis. it developed too soon after the first exposure to the parasite, and was too radioresistant, to be attributable to specific antibody production. in addition, the parasites degenerated within circulating erythrocytes. this phenomenon is inconsistent with phagocytosis or lysis of ... | 1977 | 330411 |
| development of delayed-type hypersensitivity during mycobacterium lepraemurium infection in mice. | various preparations of mycobacterium lepraemurium were used to elicit delayed-type hypersensitivity in the footpad of mice infected with this organism. with a sonicated preparation of the mycobacterium, a significant increase in footpad swelling was elicited in mice infected with m. lepraemurium 5 weeks previously, but not in bcg-infected animals or uninfected controls. this footpad reaction was shown to peak at 24 h and to be associated with an infiltration of mononuclear cells. the kinetics o ... | 1977 | 330412 |
| bcg-induced murine effector cells. i. cytolytic activity in peritoneal exudates: an early response to bcg. | | 1977 | 330748 |
| bcg-induced murine effector cells. ii. characterization of natural killer cells in peritoneal exudates. | the cytotoxic activity in peritoneal exudates harvested from c57bl/6 mice 4 to 6 days after they had received viable bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) organisms i.p. was associatee with a nonadherent, nonphagocytic cell. the cytotoxic cell lacked demonstrable surface immunoglobulin and thy 1 antigen and bore no readily detectable fc receptors. lytic activity was labile at 37 degrees c and was diminished after trypsinization of the effector cells. preincubating effector cells with immune complexes w ... | 1977 | 330750 |
| destruction of tumor cells by bcg-activated alqolar macrophages. | alveolar macrophages obtained from syrian golden hamsters were tested for their ability to destroy tumor cells. only macrophages obtained from bcg immune animals rechallenged intratracheally with bcg five days before assay exhibited cytotoxic activity. maximum destruction of tumor cells occurred after 5 days of incubation. immunologic activation of macrophages was required to attain cytotoxic alveolar macrophages. induction of inflammatory lung exudates by a variety of nonspecific irritants did ... | 1977 | 330756 |
| macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity: induction of tumoricidal macrophages by supernatants of ppd-stimulated bacillus calmette-guérin-immune spleen cell cultures. | resident peritoneal macrophages from normal mice were activated for tumor cytotoxicity in vitro by co-cultivation with bcg1-immune spleen cells and ppd and by incubation with supernatants of ppd-stimulated bcg-immune spleen cell cultures (lymphokine supernatants). lymphokine activation of macrophages occurred in unfractionated pc suspensions as well as in macrophage monolayers depleted of nonadherent pc. tumor cytotoxicity by lymphokine-activated macrophages was evident by 3 to 4 hr of culture i ... | 1977 | 330759 |
| growth of two strains of mycobacterium bovis (bcg) in athymic mice. | | 1977 | 330815 |
| lymphatic drainage in bcg-infected guinea pigs. | | 1977 | 330855 |
| functional architecture of bronchial associated lymphoid tissue and lymphoepithelium in pulmonary cell-mediated reactions in the rabbit. | | 1977 | 330856 |
| [macrophage as a participant in resistance against malignant tumor]. | | 1977 | 331002 |
| in vitro studies on normal, stimulated and immunologically activated mouse macrophages. i. oxidation of 1-14c glucose by macrophages in monolayer cultures. | oxidation of 1-14c glucose of bcg/listeria activated, proteose-peptone stimulated and typhoid-parathypoid vaccine (t.a.b.) stimulated peritoneal and spleen macrophages from c3h, cba and c57bl mice was determined at various times after treatment. the study showed no major differences between the oxidation of stimulated and activated macrophages, but a variation was seen in c3h mice in the kinetics of glucose oxidation of bcg/listeria activated and proteose-peptone stimulated peritoneal macrophage ... | 1977 | 331865 |
| in vitro studies on normal, stimulated and immunologically activated mouse macrophages. ii. degradation of radioactive antigen/antibody complexes. | radioactive antigen/antibody complexes are degraded to a greater extent by pe macrophages from c3h, cba and c57bl mice injected intraperitoneally with proteose-peptone (stimulated macrophages) and t.a.b. vaccine than by pe macrophages from normal mice and mice immunized with bcg (activated macrophages). on the other hand, spleen macrophages from mice immunized with bcg had a greater digestive capacity than macrophages from mice injected with proteose-peptone or t.a.b. vaccine or from normal mice ... | 1977 | 331866 |
| macrophage-agglutinating factor produced in vitro by bcg-sensitized lymphocytes. | supernatant fluids from cultures of bcg-sensitized rabbit lymph node and spleen cells contained a factor that strongly agglutinated normal rabbit alveolar macrophages within 3 min at room temperature. in contrast, fluids from nonsensitized cell cultures did not agglutinate normal rabbit alveolar macrophages. this factor was designated macrophage-agglutinating factor (magf) because it is similar to the previously described factor found in lung lavages of rabbits exhibiting a bcg-induced pulmonary ... | 1977 | 332629 |
| canine migration inhibitory factor: effect of corynebacterium parvum administration. | peripheral blood lymphocytes from dogs sensitized to streptolysin o (slo) were assayed for migration inhibitory factor (mif) production by the indirect mif test, using guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells as the source of macrophages. a specific direct correlation was established between the degree of inhibition of migration and the concentration of slo-stimulated supernatants from lymphocyte cultures (slo-s) of untreated normal dogs. undiluted slo-s inhibited migration by 66.8%, whereas a diluti ... | 1977 | 332636 |