| aeromonas sobria spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and bacteremia. | | 1994 | 8304329 |
| inhibitory effect against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria of pseudomonas strains isolated from spoiled and fresh fish. | the antibacterial effects of 209 pseudomonas strains isolated from spoiled iced fish and newly caught fish were assessed by screening target organisms in agar diffusion assays. one-third (67 strains) inhibited the growth of one or several of six target organisms (escherichia coli, shewanella putrefaciens, aeromonas sobria, pseudomonas fluorescens, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus), of which s. aureus and a. sobria were the most sensitive. the inhibitory action was most pronounce ... | 1993 | 8357253 |
| [phenotype markers in strains of aeromonas isolated in cuba from children with an acute diarrheic disease]. | twenty-seven cases of aeromonas isolated from 300 five-years children with acute diarrheal disease (eda) were studied, with the aim for demonstrating the occurrence of some phenotypical markers associated with enteropathogenicity; among them were lysine decarboxylation, acetil methyl carbinol production, enterotoxigenicity, cytotoxicity and hemolysis. the percentage of analysed strains had two or more of the investigated markers, and 13 (48.1%) lysed the rabbit erythrocytes with titres higher th ... | 1995 | 9805080 |
| variable expression of o-antigen and the role of lipopolysaccharide as an adhesin in aeromonas sobria. | on initial isolation of aeromonas sobria 3767 from a diarrhoeal stool specimen, two colony types were obtained: opaque (3767o) and translucent (3767t). strain 3767o consistently produced lipopolysaccharide (lps) core and o-antigen side chain, detectable by sds-page and by western blotting with an o-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody. strain 3767t produced lps core but the amount of o-antigen was dependent on factors including growth medium and bacterial growth phase. strain 3767t exhibited sig ... | 1994 | 7525403 |
| [meningitis by aeromonas sobria following cranio-encephalic traumatism]. | | 1998 | 9919002 |
| different patterns of induction of the two isozymes of alanine aminotransferase of liver of rat as a function of age. | | 1974 | 4826465 |
| unusual case of aeromonas sobria cellulitis associated with the use of leeches. | | 1999 | 10192721 |
| [bacteriological studies of traveller's diarrhoea (6). analysis of enteropathogenic bacteria at kansai airport quarantine station from september 4th, 1994 through december 1996]. | during the period of investigation from sept. 4, 1994 to dec, 1996, a total of 11,446,534 overseas travellers were quarantined at kansai airport quarantine station, and 22,187 voluntarily reported of episodes suffering from diarrhoea. bacteriological examination of the stools a total of 9,299 individuals' was performed, and the following results were obtained. 1) various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 33.3% of the stools examined. bacterial species isolated were as follows: plesiom ... | 1999 | 10213987 |
| aeromonas sobria infection with severe muscle degeneration in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. | a 56-yr-old male who had been followed for alcoholic liver disease was admitted for abdominal pain and a high fever. gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed bleeding esophageal varices that were treated by endoscopic sclerotherapy. blood culture on admission was positive for aeromonas sobria. then skin bullas and ulcers and severe muscle degeneration developed. the patient died despite extensive treatment with antibiotics. a. sobria infection in patients with liver cirrhosis is rare. | 1995 | 8540527 |
| studies on bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus isolates from selected nigerian fermented foods. | ten bacteriocin-producing (bacteriocinogenic) lactobacillus isolates obtained from three nigerian fermented foods namely: kenkey, ogi and wara were tested against the following indicator organisms: lactobacillus plantarum and food borne pathogens comprising enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli, serratia, pseudomonas, vibrio cholerae, aeromonas sobria, aeromonas cavice, salmonella typhimurium, plesiomonas shigelloides and staphylococcus aureus. all the bacteriocin ... | 1995 | 8568643 |
| characterization of mesophilic aeromonas from clinical specimens by computerized analysis of sds-page protein profiles and by enzymatic activity. | mesophilic aeromonas (aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas sobria, aeromonas caviae) have recently been considered important aetiological agents of human diseases, mainly gastrointestinal infections. although several findings have pointed out the significance of this group of microorganisms as enteric pathogens and suggested the presence of virulence factors, epidemiological and clinical studies are limited by the difficulty of correctly identifying mesophilic aeromonas at the species level. sds-page ... | 1993 | 8264423 |
| distribution of mesophilic aeromonas species in raw and ready-to-eat fish and meat products in switzerland. | a total of 829 poultry, meat, shellfish and fish products commonly consumed in switzerland were qualitatively and quantitatively examined for the presence of mesophilic aeromonas spp. overall, aeromonads occurred in 24.1% of the samples. raw food products were frequently contaminated (e.g. 94.1% in minced meat), with colony counts up to 6.0 x 10(6)/g. some ready-to-eat products had a relatively high percentage of positive samples as well, such as cooked ham in slices (38.2%), mortadella (12.9%), ... | 1993 | 8268055 |
| aeromonas sobria infection with severe soft tissue damage and segmental necrotizing gastroenteritis in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. | a 49-year-old man, who had a 3-year history of liver dysfunction but had not been treated, was admitted to the hospital with a sudden onset of fever and generalized muscle pain. he subsequently developed generalized purpura with scattered hemorrhagic bullae of the skin and massive bloody stools. aeromonas sobria was proven by culture of both blood and bullous fluid. in spite of the extensive treatment with antibiotics and other medications in the intensive care unit (icu), the patient went into ... | 1999 | 10469397 |
| identification and characterization of the aeromonas sobria hemolysin glycoprotein receptor on intestine 407 cells. | aeromonas sobria hemolysin is important in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea caused by this enteropathogenic bacterium. by immunoprecipitation analysis using hemolysin and anti-hemolysin antibody, a 66 kda protein (p66) was identified as a receptor for a. sobria hemolysin on intestine 407 cells. treatment of p66 with n-glycosidase f reduced the apparent sized of p66 to 60 kda on sds-polyacrylamide gels. p66, released from intestine 407 cells following incubation with phosphatidylinositol-specific ph ... | 1999 | 10502462 |
| growth and exotoxin production at low temperatures by aeromonas strains in meat slurries. | the ability of enterotoxigenic strains of aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas sobria to produce exotoxins (haemolysin and enterotoxin) and exoenzymes (protease and lipase), as well as their growth in meat slurries stored at low temperatures (5 and 12 degrees c) was investigated. the results showed that aeromonas grew well in meat slurries stored at low temperatures in the presence of background flora. exotoxins and exoenzymes were not detected in filtrates from meat slurries inoculated with enter ... | 1996 | 8643030 |
| [rapid detection of the hemolysin genes in aeromonas sobria by the polymerase chain reaction]. | the hemolysin of aeromonas sobria is one of the important virulence factors in this organism. rapid detection and identification test for a. sobria is important for early and specific diagnosis of this infectious disease. we evaluated the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the rapid detection of a. sobria. two pairs of synthetic oligonucleotide primers (asa1-s and a; aeraas-s and a) were used in pcr technique to detect the different hemolysin genes (asa1 and aeraas) in a. sobria. the pcr identi ... | 1996 | 9011120 |
| isolation and purification of aeromonas sobria cytotonic enterotoxin and beta-haemolysin. | aeromonas sp., grown in tryptone soya broth supplemented with yeast extract, 0.6%, ph 7.5, and incubated with agitation at 100 oscillations/min for 15 h at 37 degrees c produced optimal amounts of beta-haemolysin and cytotonic enterotoxin. more prolonged incubation resulted in the loss of enterotoxic activity and anion exchange chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of a moiety capable of breaking down the toxin. anion exchange fast protein liquid chromatography resulted in a single pea ... | 1993 | 8384263 |
| a clinical isolate of aeromonas sobria with three chromosomally mediated inducible beta-lactamases: a cephalosporinase, a penicillinase and a third enzyme, displaying carbapenemase activity. | hydrolytic profiles of aeromonas sobria 163a, non-induced and induced, and of a derepressed mutant 163a-m, indicate that this strain has inducible beta-lactamases with activities against cephalosporins, penicillins and carbapenems. three enzymes were identified and two of the beta-lactamase genes, amps, encoding a penicillinase and ceps, encoding a cephalosporinase, were cloned into escherichia coli, permitting analysis of the individual enzymes. isoelectric focusing (ief) analysis using inhibit ... | 1995 | 7759391 |
| antimicrobial resistance of mesophilic aeromonas spp. isolated from two european rivers. | the activity of 19 antibiotics and four antiseptics and/or disinfectants was studied against 138 non-redundant strains of aeromonas spp. (104 aeromonas caviae, 22 aeromonas sobria and 12 aeromonas hydrophila) isolated from two european rivers. antibiotic resistance frequencies were: nalidixic acid, 59%; tetracycline, 14%; fosfomycin, 8%; tobramycin and cotrimoxazole, 7%; cefotaxime, 4%; chloramphenicol, 2%; gentamicin, 1%. most of the nalidixic acid-resistant strains were susceptible to fluoroqu ... | 2000 | 10933657 |
| enzyme kinetics and biochemical analysis of imis, the metallo-beta-lactamase from aeromonas sobria 163a. | the metallo-beta-lactamase from aeromonas sobria 163a, imis, was isolated in a two stage purification procedure using protein affinity columns. enzyme kinetics show that imis hydrolyses the carbapenems but displays poor activity against other beta-lactams. imis possesses the narrowest spectrum of activity of the group 3 enzymes that have been analysed. sequencing of the 40 n-terminal amino acids show this region to be identical to that of the cpha metallo-beta-lactamase from aeromonas hydrophila ... | 1996 | 9182099 |
| [cytoplasmic protein vaccine against bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia (aeromonosis) of fish]. | water-soluble proteins from aeromonas sobria, a causative agent of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia of fishes, were separated into six fractions by gel chromatography on sephadex g-100. injections of fraction ii (67 kda) provided the highest protection of carps against the disease. injections of proteins contained in fraction ii caused stronger effects on certain biochemical parameters in the fish liver (fatty acids of phospholipids and cathepsin b and d activities) in comparison to infections o ... | 2000 | 11042886 |
| purification and characterization of lipase from aeromonas sobria lp004. | lipase from aeromonas sobria lp004, isolated from raw milk, was purified and characterized. the lipase was purified 10.29 fold to a homogeneous state by ultrafiltration and column chromatography on phenyl sepharose. the molecular weight of the lipase determined by sds-page was 97 kda. purified a. sobria lp004 lipase exhibited the maximum activity at ph 6.0 and 45 degrees c and was stable under alkaline conditions (ph 6.5-10.0) and at temperatures lower than 40 degrees c. this lipase could be cla ... | 1997 | 9195755 |
| [bacteremia for aeromonas sobria in a patient with cholecystitis]. | | 1997 | 9221025 |
| evaluation of the synergistic haemolysis (camp-like) test in the identification of motile, mesophilic aeromonas species. | usefulness of the synergistic haemolysis (camp-like) test in the identification of aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas sobria, and aeromonas caviae was evaluated, using beta-toxin producing staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923 and alpha-toxin producing clostridium perfringens atcc 13124 as sphingomyelinase producing indicator strains. the tests were done on columbia blood agar base supplemented with 5% sheep blood (cba; difco laboratories, detroit, mi, usa). when cultured aerobically, 77% of a. hydrophi ... | 1997 | 9241799 |
| acute renal failure in an infant associated with cytotoxic aeromonas sobria isolated from patient's stool and from aquarium water as suspected source of infection. | | 2000 | 10681210 |
| aeromonas sobria endophthalmitis. | aeromonas sobria causes a rare gram-negative bacterial water-borne infection. it has been found in waters of north queensland and south-east asia. of all aeromonas species, a. sobria is the most virulent and invasive and has been reported to cause soft tissue infection and corneal ulcer. | 1997 | 9395834 |
| virulence factors in aeromonas spp and their association with gastrointestinal disease. | culture filtrates of eight aeromonas strains isolated from the feces of 487 subjects (292 diarrhoeic patients and 195 asymptomatic subjects) were tested for toxin production in cho and mccoy cells, and adhesion and invasive ability in caco-2 cells. among these isolates, three aeromonas sobria and one aeromonas caviae strains possessed virulence-associated properties. toxin production was the most common of the three virulence properties. two a. caviae were associated, in the absence of other dia ... | 1998 | 9497926 |
| acute rhabdomyolysis and myonecrosis complicating aeromonas bacteremia in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies: report of two cases. | infections by aeromonas spp. are a rare cause of systemic infection in normal and immunocompromised hosts. we report the cases of two patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia who developed septic shock by aeromonas species with unusual soft-tissue complications. one patient who was undergoing consolidation chemotherapy developed septic shock by aeromonas hydrophila with rhabdomyolysis and subsequent soft-tissue destruction consistent with myonecrosis. she recovered with combination antibio ... | 1997 | 9499669 |
| molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression in escherichia coli of a hemolytic toxin (aerolysin) gene from aeromonas trota. | aeromonas trota ak2, which was derived from atcc 49659 and produces the extracellular pore-forming hemolytic toxin aerolysin, was mutagenized with the transposon mini-tn5km1 to generate a hemolysin-deficient mutant, designated strain ak253. southern blotting data indicated that an 8.7-kb noti fragment of the genomic dna of strain ak253 contained the kanamycin resistance gene of mini-tn5km1. the 8.7-kb noti dna fragment was cloned into the vector pgem5zf(-) by selecting for kanamycin resistance, ... | 1998 | 9647817 |
| occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity of mesophilic aeromonas in estuarine waters of the italian coast of the adriatic sea. | a total of 208 strains of aeromonas were isolated by monthly sampling from two estuaries (one provided with, and the other devoid of a waste-water treatment system) on the italian coast of the adriatic sea between september 1994 and august 1995. biotyping at the species level allowed the identification of 96 strains (46%) as aer. caviae, 46 (22%) as aer. sobria, 33 (16%) as aer. hydrophila and 25 (12%) as aer. veronii. eight strains (4%) were regarded as unnamed aeromonads. aeromonas caviae was ... | 1998 | 9750281 |
| [camp factor for the differentiation among aeromonas species]. | the camp factor technique, described by natale figura as a presumptive method for the differentiation of the species hydrophila, sobria and caviae, was applied to 80 aeromonas strains isolated from children under 5 years with acute diarrheic disease. the typical phenomenon was seen in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis conditions in 10 strains, which were classified as aeromonas hydrophila. in aerobiosis conditions/alone, it was observed in 20 strains, which were identified as aeromonas sobria. it was ... | 1992 | 9768204 |
| the acute phase response in the sudan plated lizard, gerrhosaurus major. | the sudan plated lizard (gerrhosaurus major), previously reported to be an afebrile species, was utilized in a series of experiments to test for various aspects of the acute phase response. treatment of individuals with the antibiotic baytril resulted in a slight (0.5 degree c) but significant reduction in mean selected body temperature (msbt), while treatment with saline did not lower msbt. nonantibiotic treatment individuals had depressed plasma iron levels (86.6 +/- 22.4 micrograms fe 100 ml- ... | 1998 | 9773512 |
| incidence of toxic aeromonas isolated from food and human infection. | one hundred and ninety four aeromonas isolates (99 from food and 95 from clinical sources) were analyzed as to the species involved and the toxins produced. of the clinical isolates of aeromonas, 29.4% were enterotoxigenic, 43.1% were hemolytic and 89% were cytotoxigenic. among the food isolates, 18.2% were enterotoxigenic, 17.1% were hemolytic and 72.7% were cytotoxigenic. aeromonas sobria and aeromonas veronii produced more enterotoxin and cytotoxin than the other isolates, whereas a. veronii ... | 2002 | 11934569 |
| prolyl aminopeptidase is also present in enterobacteriaceae: cloning and sequencing of the hafnia alvei enzyme-gene and characterization of the expressed enzyme. | the hafnia alvei prolyl aminopeptidase gene (hpap) was cloned and sequenced, the expressed enzyme (hpap) was purified to homogeneity and thoroughly characterized. an open reading frame of 1,281 bp was found to code for the enzyme, resulting in a protein of 427 amino acids with a molecular weight of 48,577. hpap resembles the aeromonas sobria enzyme, having 45% identity and the same distinctive properties with respect to size and substrate specificities. both enzyme show similar chromatographic b ... | 1996 | 8830041 |
| near-drowning-associated aeromonas pneumonia. | aeromonas is increasingly recognized as a human pathogen that causes a variety of different infections. aeromonas has rarely been reported as a cause of respiratory infection, and it has been described in near-drowning-associated pneumonia. this article reviews a case of aeromonas sobria pneumonia associated with a near drowning and considers the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 10 previously reported cases. nearly all of the cases involved young healthy men, a rapid development o ... | 1996 | 8969997 |
| aeromonas sobria-associated left-sided segmental colitis. | aeromonas species, once thought pathogenic only in immunocompromised hosts, have more recently been found to be associated with many different infections in previously healthy individuals. the most common site of these infections is the gastrointestinal tract. we describe a 67-yr-old woman who presented with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea and was diagnosed with left-sided, segmental colitis due to aeromonas sobria, which was proven by stool culture. extensive work-up for ischemic colitis was ... | 1997 | 9362202 |
| purification and characterization of enterotoxin produced by aeromonas sobria. | we purified the toxin of aeromonas sobria capable of inducing a positive response in the mouse intestinal loop assay. the purified toxin showed a positive response not only in the loop assay but also in a hemolytic assay. subsequently, we cloned the toxin gene and demonstrated that the product of this gene possessed both hemolytic and enterotoxic activities. these results showed that the enterotoxin of a. sobria possesses hemolytic activity. nucleotide sequence determination of the toxin gene an ... | 1998 | 9858466 |
| enumeration and confirmation of aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas caviae, and aeromonas sobria isolated from raw milk and other milk products in northern greece. | a total of 138 raw cow's and 57 raw ewe's milk samples; 80 pasteurized cow's milk samples; 39 anthotyros cheese, 36 manouri cheese, and 23 feta cheese samples; and 15 rice pudding samples were examined for the presence and any countable population of aeromonas species. twenty-two (15.9%) of the 138 cow's milk samples analyzed were contaminated with a. hydrophila. in 13 of these samples, populations of 3.0x10(2) to 5.0x10(3) cfu/ml were counted in starch ampicillin agar (saa). eighteen cow's milk ... | 1999 | 10340665 |
| hemolysin of aeromonas sobria stimulates production of cyclic amp by cultured cells. | hemolysin of aeromonas sobria possesses both cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells and enterotoxic activity. histopathological examination revealed that hemolysin causes diarrhea without damaging the intestinal epithelial cells. and the fluid accumulated in the mouse intestinal loop by the action of the hemolysin is watery. these observations indicated that the enterotoxic activity of hemolysin is not dependent on its cytotoxic activity. to clarify the mechanism of the enterotoxic action of ... | 1999 | 10418132 |
| occurrence of haemolytic & cytotoxic aeromonas species in domestic water supplies in chennai. | a study on the occurrence of aeromonas species in the domestic water supplies in chennai showed that as much as 37.9 per cent of the water samples analyzed from various sources harbored aeromonas spp. majority of the isolates belonged to aeromonas sobria (13.7%), a. caviae (11.6%) and a. hydrophila (9.5%). among the 37 metropolitan water samples analyzed, 11 samples yielded aeromonas spp. inclusive of three isolates of a. hydrophila, four of a. sobria and two isolates each of a. caviae and a. ja ... | 1999 | 10573655 |
| solar inactivation of mesophilic aeromonas by exogenous photooxidation in high-rate algal pond treating waste water. | investigations were carried out to observe the effect of sunlight on the survival of mesophilic aeromonas (a. caviae, a. hydrophila and a. sobria) in high-rate algal pond. | 2003 | 12588563 |
| studies of the mechanism of action of the aerolysin-like hemolysin of aeromonas sobria in stimulating t84 cells to produce cyclic amp. | we previously reported that the aerolysin-like hemolysin of aeromonas sobria stimulates t84 cells to produce cyclic amp, which then emerges in the culture medium. in order to clarify the mechanism of action of the hemolysin, we examined the involvement of adenosine nucleotide. the results show that the hemolysin stimulates t84 cells to release atp, which is then converted to adenosine by ectonucleotidase. the adenosine generated might stimulate the p1 adenosine receptors of t84 cells to produce ... | 2003 | 12595476 |
| hlya hemolysin of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype e1 tor. identification of the hemolytic complex and evidence for the formation of anion-selective ion-permeable channels. | hemolysin (hlya) was concentrated from supernatants of different vibrio cholerae o1 biotype e1 tor strains by ammonium sulfate precipitation. the concentration of the toxin in the supernatants and in the precipitates was quantified using its hemolytic activity. the toxin formed a high molecular-mass band (about 220 kda) on sds/page while the toxin monomer had a molecular mass of 60 kda when it was heated. the addition of the e1 tor hemolysin oligomers, but not that of the monomers, to the aqueou ... | 1996 | 8856066 |
| carboxy terminal region of haemolysin of aeromonas sobria triggers dimerization. | haemolysin of aeromonas sobria is released into the culture supernatant in the form of prohaemolysin. removal of a 42 amino acid peptide at the carboxy-terminal end converts prohaemolysin into mature haemolysin. as the role of the peptide removed from the mature haemolysin has not been studied, we mutated the haemolysin genes to delete several amino acid residues from the carboxy terminus, expressed the mutant genes in a. sobria and analysed the haemolysins produced. deletion of more than three ... | 2000 | 10623561 |
| [severe acute gastroenteritis due to aeromonas in a patient colectomized for crohn's disease]. | we report a case of severe acute diarrhoea produced by aeromonas sobria, a specimen with controversial human pathogenicity. a 26-year-old man with crohn's disease previously colectomized was admitted with a cholera-like clinical presentation and renal failure. aeromonas sp. can be isolated in both children and adults and in healthy people, a. hydrophila being most often detected. severe infections due to other aeromonas sp., usually a. sobria and a. caviae, have been rarely described. most patie ... | 1997 | 9090982 |
| secretion of hemolysin of aeromonas sobria as protoxin and contribution of the propeptide region removed from the protoxin to the proteolytic stability of the toxin. | the sequence at the amino terminus region of the hemolysin ofaeromonas sobria is homologous with that of aerolysin of a. hydrophila. however, there is no homology between the two toxins in the sequence at the carboxy terminal region. it has been shown that aerolysin is secreted into culture supernatant as a protoxin. this proaerolysin is activated by the proteolytic removal of a carboxy terminal peptide. however, the role of the carboxy terminal region, which is removed in the activation process ... | 1999 | 10100744 |
| [rapidly fatal prognosis caused by aeromonas sobria septic shock in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome]. | | 1999 | 10222675 |
| aeromonas bacteremia in patients with hematologic diseases. | over a 23-year period, 17 patients with hematologic diseases developed aeromonas bacteremia while in our hematology ward. male predominance (14 patients, 82%) was seen, with a predilection for the elderly. hematologic malignancies, especially acute leukemia, accounted for 15 (88%) of all patients. cancer chemotherapy and neutropenia (15 patients each) were the most common preceding host conditions. aeromonas bacteremia generally occurred in the second half of the year (july-december), with no ex ... | 1997 | 9144007 |
| important aspects of the colonization of central venous catheter. | this study comprises five different kind of venous central catheters, 103 in total, made of polyurethane tecoflex, polyurethane vialon, ptfe and pvc, and the influence of their raw material on the microbial colonization. patients age and sex, besides their clinical conditions, were taken into account, and neither considered as a sample vicious, nor associated with colonization. when the tips of the catheters were asseptically inoculated in tryptic soy broth and tioglicolate, colonization was det ... | 1999 | 10326311 |
| a pore-forming toxin produced by aeromonas sobria activates camp-dependent cl- secretory pathways to cause diarrhea. | aeromonas sobria hemolysin (ash) is one of the major virulence factors produced by a. sobria, a human pathogen that causes diarrhea. we investigated the effects of ash on cl(-) transport in human colonic epithelial cells. ash increased short-circuit currents (isc) and (125)i efflux from caco-2 cells, indicating ash activate cl(-) secretion. additions of inhibitors of cyclic amp dependent cl(-) channels, glybenclamide and nppb suppressed the isc and (125)i efflux increases induced by ash. and ash ... | 2005 | 15621437 |
| placental and intestinal alkaline phosphatases are receptors for aeromonas sobria hemolysin. | the aeromonas sobria hemolysin causes diarrhea following infection by this enteropathogenic bacterium. we previously identified the putative receptor for a. sobria hemolysin as a p66 protein on intestine 407 cells (microb. pathog. 27 (1999) 215-221). here, we have partially purified and obtained a peptide mass fingerprint of p66 which revealed its identity with placental alkaline phosphatase (plap). recombinant plap expressed in 293t cells was also found to bind to hemolysin and the binding was ... | 2005 | 15715171 |
| microbial transformation of pyrethroid insecticides in aqueous and sediment phases. | recent studies showed that synthetic pyrethroids (sps) can move via surface runoff into aquatic systems. fifty-six of sp-degrading bacteria strains were isolated from contaminated sediments, of which six were evaluated for their ability to transform bifenthrin and permethrin in the aqueous phase and bifenthrin in the sediment phase. in the aqueous phase, bifenthrin was rapidly degraded by strains of stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila, and the half-life (t1/2) was reduced from >700 h to 30 to 131 h. ... | 2004 | 14768859 |
| aeromonas sobria, a causative agent of disease in farmed perch, perca fluviatilis l. | significant numbers of perch, perca fluviatilis, raised on a pilot fish farm in switzerland presented focal skin lesions on the lateral sides and fin rot. mortality rates reached levels of up to 1% of the total fish on the farm per day. virtually pure cultures of aeromonas sobria were isolated from the liver, kidney, spleen and skin lesions of affected fish. aeromonas sobria isolated from the farmed perch had a haemolytic effect on sheep and trout erythrocytes, autoaggregated, was cytotoxic for ... | 2005 | 15752274 |
| [microbiological monitoring of causative agents of sapronoses in the water of the bogatinskoe water reservoir]. | the results of the microbiological monitoring of potential causative agents of sapronoses in the water of the bogatinskoye reservoir revealed that in the summer period of 1998 the mass accumulation of virulent aeromonas sobria (up to 25% of the total number of heterotrophic bacteria) took place. the autumn period was characterized by a decrease in the number of a. sobria and the detection of bacteria of the genus vibrio (up to 22%) with v. mimicus and v. metschnikovii identified among them in th ... | 2000 | 11220958 |
| aeromonas sobria sepsis in a neutropenic patient. | | 2001 | 11325663 |
| characterization of aeromonas and vibrio species isolated from a drinking water reservoir. | to study the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic (i.e. phospholipid and cellular fatty acid composition) characteristics of environmental aeromonas spp. and vibrio spp. isolated from a drinking water reservoir near vladivostok city, and the application of some chemotaxonomic markers for discrimination of the two genera and species. | 2001 | 11412322 |
| [detection of multiresistance aeromonas with tem type resistant genes in patients with cirrhosis]. | to study the status of beta-lactamase produced by multiresistant aeromonas selected from cirrhosis patients to provide reference for treatment and reduce resistance and control spreading. | 2005 | 16201471 |
| [maturation pathway of hemolysin of aeromonas sobria and the mechanism of action of the hemolysin]. | aeromonas sobria has been recognized as pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis in both adults and children. the major virulence factor has been proposed to be hemolysin which possesses both hemolytic and enterotoxic activities. mature (bio-active) hemolysin secreted out of cells binds to the target cells of the host and injure the cells. however, hemolysin remained in bacteria can not express such toxicity. it means that the maturation and secretion pathway of hemolysin is closely relat ... | 2001 | 11494595 |
| an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis due to aeromonas sobria in benghazi, libyan arab jamahiriya. | we report an outbreak of acute diarrhoea due to aeromonas sobria in benghazi which occurred during a 1-month period in 1997. of 69 patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis, 28 were positive for a. sobria based on the production of gas from glucose, the production of acetoin, hydrogen sulfide and lysine decarboxylase and on aesculin hydrolysis and fermentation of arabinose and salicin. the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin but resistant to ... | 2000 | 11556043 |
| identification of aeromonas species isolated from freshwater fish with the microplate hybridization method. | aeromonas isolates were obtained from the intestinal tracts of six species of cultured freshwater fish and identified on the basis of their genotypic and phenotypic characters. the microplate hybridization method could differentiate type strains of aeromonas species and related bacteria. dna-dna hybridization analysis showed that 65 aeromonad isolates were 72 to 100% related with either aeromonas caviae, aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas jandaei, aeromonas sobria, or aeromonas veronii. as many as ... | 1994 | 16349363 |
| cleavage specificity of the serine protease of aeromonas sobria, a member of the kexin family of subtilases. | subtilisin-like proteases have been grouped into six families based on a sequence of the catalytic domain. one of the six is the kexin family, of which furin is a representative protease. all members of the kexin family, except one, are from eukaryotes. the one prokaryotic protease is a serine protease of aeromonas sorbria (asp). here, we examined the substrate specificity of asp based on the cleavage of short peptides. the results showed that asp preferentially cleaves the peptide bond followin ... | 2006 | 16487335 |
| three cases of bacteraemia caused by aeromonas veronii biovar sobria. | septicaemia caused by aeromonas species is a life-threatening condition, arising primarily in immunocompromised patients, which has rarely been reported in scandinavia. herein we describe 3 cases of aeromonas sobria bacteraemia from denmark. all the patients were male and all 3 cases occurred during the summer. two patients had acute leukaemia and hiv infection, respectively, while the third patient had colorectal cancer diagnosed several years later. the clinical presentation in all patients wa ... | 2001 | 11669236 |
| aeromonas sobria hemolysin causes diarrhea by increasing secretion of hco3-. | aeromonas sobria hemolysin (ash) is one of the major virulence factors produced by a. sobria, a causative agent of diarrhea in humans. we investigated the effects of ash on anion transport in human colonic epithelial cells. ash increased short circuit currents across the intestinal epithelia, which were suppressed by anion channel antagonists, such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and by the removal of external hco3-. iliac fluid accumulation was also inhibited by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. ... | 2006 | 16630261 |
| isolation and identification of motile aeromonas species from chicken. | in this study a total of 140 broiler carcasses and carcass parts purchased at different supermarkets in ankara including 50 whole carcass, 30 wing, 30 leg and 30 breast samples were analysed for the presence of motile aeromonas species. according to analysis findings, motile aeromonas spp. were isolated from 116 (82.9%) of total 140 samples. the distribution of the isolates were 94%, 86.6%, 80%, 63.3% in broiler carcass, wing, leg and breast samples, respectively. aeromonas hydrophila was isolat ... | 2001 | 11765602 |
| distribution of virulence genes in aeromonas spp. isolated from sardinian waters and from patients with diarrhoea. | to characterize 46 isolates of different aeromonas spp. strains (26 aeromonas hydrophila, 13 aeromonas sobria and 7 aeromonas salmonicida) isolated from coastal water and clinical sources in sardinia, italy. | 2002 | 11849349 |
| a case of acute cholecystitis due to aeromonas sobria and hafnia alvei from northern europe. | | 1998 | 11864254 |
| parasitic and bacterial contamination in collards using effluent from treated domestic wastewater in chiang mai, thailand. | thailand often has inadequate water supply for agriculture during the dry season. the reuse of treated wastewater treatment plants could solve this problem. treatment of domestic wastewater of chiang mai municipality by the aerated lagoon system (al) releases more than 25,000 m3 of treated water everyday. the reuse of wastewater in agriculture is an efficient use of water, especially in tropical countries or in drought zones. the objective of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using ... | 2001 | 12041598 |
| novel plasmid-encoded class c beta-lactamase (mox-2) in klebsiella pneumoniae from greece. | klebsiella pneumoniae kol, a clinical strain resistant to various beta-lactams, was isolated from the stools of a patient from greece. this strain harbored a new pi 9.1 plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase with unusually high levels of hydrolytic activity for cefoxitin and cefotetan that we named mox-2. sequencing of bla(mox-2) revealed 93.2, 92.9, 92.7, and 73.1% identities with the deduced amino acid sequences of cmy-8, mox-1, cmy-1, and the ampc beta-lactamase of aeromonas sobria, respectivel ... | 2002 | 12069985 |
| universal primer pcr with dgge for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens. | a universal primer pcr (uppcr) combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) was evaluated as a method permitting the rapid detection of pathogens. the results show that this method is efficient at amplifying the conserved regions of bacterial 16s rrna genes with universal primers and can detect causative bacterial pathogens rapidly. six species of bacteria from fisheries (pseudomonas fluorescens, vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio fluvialis, providencia rettgeri and ... | 2004 | 15134888 |
| metabolic activity and phylogenetic diversity of reed (phragmites australis) periphyton bacterial communities in a hungarian shallow soda lake. | in the present study, the species composition and potential metabolic activities of bacterial communities of reed phragmites australis (cav.) (trin. ex steudel) periphyton from lake velencei were studied by cultivation-based and metabolic fingerprinting methods. serially diluted spring biofilm samples were used to test the community-level physiological profiling (clpp) using biolog microplates, and for plating onto different media. on the basis of their morphological, biochemical, and physiologi ... | 2007 | 17406774 |
| aeromonas culicicola sp. nov., from the midgut of culex quinquefasciatus. | the taxonomic position was examined of three isolates, mtcc 3249t, sh and slh, from the midgut of female culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegyptii mosquitoes. numbers of cells of these isolates increased 2000-fold after a blood meal of the mosquitoes. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis of the novel strains showed that they were highly homologous to strains of aeromonas. dna-dna hybridization studies showed that dna of strain mtcc 3249t was 96 and 88% similar to that of strains sh and slh, respectiv ... | 2002 | 12361279 |
| the protein encoded at the 3' end of the serine protease gene of aeromonas sobria functions as a chaperone in the production of the protease. | for the successful production of aeromonas sobria serine protease (asp), open reading frame 2 (orf2) protein, encoded at the 3' end of the protease operon, is required. in this study, we examined the action of orf2 protein. the results showed that the protein associated with asp in the periplasm and helped asp to form an active structure. | 2002 | 12446656 |
| lipase activity and gene cloning of acinetobacter calcoaceticus lp009. | the production of lipase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus lp009, a bacterium isolated from raw milk, was found to be best induced by tween-80 at 1.0% concentration. it was efficiently secreted, and only a minute amount of activity was detected at the cell surface and intracellularly. a. calcoaceticus lp009 lipase exhibited maximum activity at ph 7.0 and 50 degrees c, and was relatively stable upon storage at ph 5.0 to 7.0 and at 4, 30, or 37 degrees c. the enzyme was found to be inactivated by e ... | 1998 | 12501281 |
| aeromonas sobria corneal ulcer. | | 2003 | 12579184 |
| molecular characterization of goose-type lysozyme homologue of large yellow croaker and its involvement in immune response induced by trivalent bacterial vaccine as an acute-phase protein. | lysozyme acts as an innate immunity molecule against the invasion of bacterial pathogens. here, the cdna of a goose-type lysozyme (g-lysozyme) was cloned from large yellow croaker (pseudosciana crocea) by expressed sequence tags (est) and race-pcr techniques. the full-length cdna of large yellow croaker g-lysozyme (lycgl) is 716 nucleotides (nt) encoding a protein of 193 amino acids (aa), with a theoretical molecular weight of 21.3kda. the deduced lycgl possessed the typical structural features ... | 2007 | 17850883 |
| detection and characterization of the hemolysin genes in aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas sobria by multiplex pcr. | a multiplex pcr assay was designed to amplify the aeromonas hydrophila and a. veronii bv. sobria hemolysin and aerolysin genes. the assay was evaluated by using 121 clinical isolates and 7 reference strains of aeromonas spp., and these were divided into five genotypes on the basis of the results of the multiplex pcr. the five genotypes were characterized as type 1 for those carrying the ahh1 gene only (36% of isolates), type 2 for those carrying the asa1 gene only (8.5% of isolates), type 3 for ... | 2003 | 12624028 |
| bacteriocin-like substance (bls) production in aeromonas hydrophila water isolates. | 30 aeromonas hydrophila water isolates were tested for bacteriocin-like substance (bls) production using a target panel of closely related microorganisms and other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including food-borne pathogens. a. hydrophila showed antibacterial activity against one or more indicator microorganisms, but the activity emerged only with non-phylogenetically related genera or species. in particular all a. hydrophila showed antibacterial activity against one or more of the ... | 2003 | 12644237 |
| liver abscess and aeromonas bacteremia with septic pulmonary embolism. | a 68-year-old healthy man was admitted because of liver abscess and aeromonas bacteremia accompanied by pulmonary embolism. aeromonas sobria was isolated from blood. coagulation parameters were normal and a lower limb venogram showed no evidence of thrombosis. septic embolism originating from the liver abscess was considered as the possible cause of pulmonary embolism. the patient was successfully treated with antibiotics. | 2003 | 14606725 |
| effect of sodium chloride and citric acid on growth and toxin production by a. caviae and a. sobria at moderate and low temperatures. | the effect of sodium chloride and citric acid on hemolysin and caseinase production by aeromonas caviae and aeromonas sobria at 32 degrees c and 5 degrees c was investigated. at 32 degrees c, although both strains were tolerant to 3% nacl in tsb, the production of caseinase was decreased in the presence of 1-3% nacl, and the production of hemolysin was abolished by 2-3% nacl. citric acid (0.03%) was less effective than nacl in reducing hemolysin and caseinase production by both strains at 32 deg ... | 2000 | 11061632 |
| fluid secretion caused by aerolysin-like hemolysin of aeromonas sobria in the intestines is due to stimulation of production of prostaglandin e2 via cyclooxygenase 2 by intestinal cells. | to clarify the mechanisms of diarrheal disease induced by aeromonas sobria, we examined whether prostaglandin e2 (pge2) was involved in the intestinal secretory action of a. sobria hemolysin by use of a mouse intestinal loop model. the amount of pge2 in jejunal fluid and the fluid accumulation ratio were directly related to the dose of hemolysin. the increase over time in the level of pge2 was similar to that of the accumulated fluid. in addition, hemolysin-induced fluid secretion and pge2 synth ... | 2008 | 18086811 |
| inhibition of aeromonas caviae and a. sobria by sodium choloride, citric acid, ascorbic acid, potassium sorbate and extracts of thymus vulgaris. | the respective and combined effects of sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, citric acid, potassium sorbate, and thymus vulgaris extract on the growth of aeromonas caviae and aeromonas sobria were investigated. sodium chloride (3%) significantly reduced the growth and 4% nacl inhibited growth of the tested strains. ascorbic acid (0. 1%), potassium sorbate (0.05%), and citric acid (0.03%) slightly inhibited growth. t. vulgaris extract (0.3%) greatly reduced the growth. various combinations of these com ... | 2000 | 10957708 |
| physicochemical and biological properties of an extracellular serine protease of aeromonas sobria. | previously, we cloned a protease gene of aeromonas sobria, determined its nucleotide sequence and established a method of purifying its product. in this study, we examined the properties of the purified protease. the protease was temperature-labile and had an optimal ph of 7.5. metallo-protease inhibitors and a cysteine protease inhibitor did not block the proteolytic activity of the enzyme. the treatment with reagents to modify sulfhydryl group did not reduce the activity. but, serine protease ... | 2002 | 12153115 |
| impaired plasma clottability induction through fibrinogen degradation by asp, a serine protease released from aeromonas sobria. | aeromonas sobria infection often advances to sepsis, in which interaction of bacterial components with plasma proteins possibly causes various disorders. this bacterium releases a serine protease (asp), a putative virulence factor, and binds to fibrinogen. to study the asp effect on fibrinogen, we incubated fibrinogen or plasma with asp and investigated their clotting elicited by thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to a fibrin clot. enzymatically active asp retarded plasma clotting in a dose-dep ... | 2008 | 18462393 |
| a pore-forming toxin produced by aeromonas sobria activates ca2+ dependent cl- secretion. | bacteria produce many types of hemolysin that induce diarrhea by mechanisms that are not completely understood. aeromonas sobria hemolysin (ash) is a major virulence factor produced by a. sobria, a human pathogen that causes diarrhea. since epithelial cells in the intestine are the primary targets of hemolysin, we investigated the effects of ash on ion transport in human colonic epithelial (caco-2) cells. ash increased short-circuit currents (isc) in a dose-dependent manner, and it also activate ... | 2005 | 15797812 |
| adaptational changes in cellular fatty acid branching and unsaturation of aeromonas species as a response to growth temperature and salinity. | the effects of growth temperature and salinity on the cellular fatty acids were investigated on aeromonas caviae, aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas sobria. under optimal growth conditions, fatty acids patterns were dominated by even-numbered chains c(16:0), c(16:1cis9), c(18:1cis11), c(12:0) and c(14:0). growth temperature modifications induced, in the three aeromonas species, important changes in fatty acid (i) unsaturation, (ii) branching and (iii) chain length. an important decrease in the c ... | 2005 | 15925007 |
| [purification and immobilization of chondroitinase from aeromonas sobria yh 311]. | chondroitinase has been used as an important tool in the study of the structure, function and distribution of glycosaminoglycans for many years. recently, the enzyme has been reported to be a potential enzyme for chemonucleolysis, an established treatment for intervertebral disc protrasion. in this paper, a chondroitinase had been purified from the culture supernatant of aeromonas sobria yh311 using a simple purification procedure of ammonium sulfate precipitation, qae-sephadex a50 ion exchange ... | 2004 | 15968993 |
| recognition of individual genes in diverse microorganisms by cycling primed in situ amplification. | cycling primed in situ amplification-fluorescent in situ hybridization (cprins-fish) was developed to recognize individual genes in a single bacterial cell. in cprins, the amplicon was long single-stranded dna and thus retained within the permeabilized microbial cells. fish with a multiply labeled fluorescent probe set enabled significant reduction in nonspecific background while maintaining high fluorescence signals of target bacteria. the ampicillin resistance gene in escherichia coli, chloram ... | 2005 | 16269764 |
| use of a probiotic to control lactococcosis and streptococcosis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | from a comparison of 125 bacterial isolates recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and carp, cyprinus sp., a culture was obtained which was effective at preventing clinical disease caused by lactococcus garvieae and streptococcus iniae when used as a feed additive. the culture, aeromonas sobria gc2, was incorporated into the feed and fed to rainbow trout (average weight = 20 g) for 14 days at a dose equivalent to 5 x 10(7) cells g(-1) of feed. whereas the untre ... | 2005 | 16336470 |
| production of serine protease of aeromonas sobria is controlled by the protein encoded by the gene lying adjacent to the 3' end of the protease gene. | we cloned a protease gene of aeromonas sobria and determined its nucleotide sequence. the protease is composed of 624 amino acid residues and its calculated molecular weight is 66,737.7. the amino acid sequence showed the characteristic features of a bacterial serine protease. we expressed the protease gene in vibrio parahaemolyticus from which the synthesized protease is secreted into the culture medium as the mature form, and purified the mature protease by successive column chromatographies. ... | 2000 | 11092244 |
| distribution of aeromonas species in the intestinal tracts of river fish. | aeromonas isolates were obtained from fish intestines, water, and sediments from an urban river and identified by the dna-dna microplate hybridization method. the isolates were aeromonas veronii (22%), aeromonas caviae (18%), aeromonas hydrophila (13%), aeromonas sobria (8%), aeromonas jandaei (7%), and other aeromonas spp. (33%). aeromonas species occurred at high densities with high incidences, regardless of season. the results strongly suggest that aeromonads are indigenous in fish intestines ... | 1995 | 16535171 |
| clinical significance and distribution of putative virulence markers of 116 consecutive clinical aeromonas isolates in southern taiwan. | the objectives of this study were to elucidate the clinical manifestations of aeromonas infections and the association of putative virulence genes with clinical invasiveness. | 2007 | 16716402 |
| appendicitis associated with travelers' diarrhea caused by aeromonas sobria. | aeromonas species is an infrequent pathogen causing travelers' diarrhea and gastroenteritis. no human case of appendicitis has been reported as a complication of aeromonas infection until now. we describe a case of acute appendicitis associated with aeromonas sobria infection acquired in cebu, philippines. | 2009 | 19335814 |
| mechanistic studies on the mononuclear znii-containing metallo-beta-lactamase imis from aeromonas sobria. | in an effort to understand the reaction mechanism of a b2 metallo-beta-lactamase, steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic and rapid freeze quench electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) studies were conducted on imis and its reaction with imipenem and meropenem. ph dependence studies revealed no inflection points in the ph range of 5.0-8.5, while proton inventories demonstrated at least 1 rate-limiting proton transfer. site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that lys224 plays a catalytic role ... | 2006 | 16939225 |
| aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas sobria bacteremia: rare pathogens of infection in a burn patient. | | 2007 | 17084982 |
| combined infection of norwalk-like virus and verotoxin-producing bacteria associated with a gastroenteritis outbreak. | detection of multiple pathogens, particularly a combination of viruses and bacteria, is infrequently documented in outbreaks of gastroenteritis. this paper reports the presence of norwalk-like virus (nlv) and enterohaemorrhagic verotoxin-producing escherichia coli in one individual, and nlv and verotoxin-producing aeromonas sobria in another individual, both part of a large gastroenteritis outbreak. the causes of gastroenteritis in such outbreaks may be more complex than previously thought. | 1999 | 10892495 |
| induction of apoptosis in vero cells by aeromonas veronii biovar sobria vacuolating cytotoxic factor. | recently, a cytotoxin named vacuolating cytotoxic factor (vcf) in aeromonas sobria and aeromonas veronii biovar sobria was described. we have now purified this factor using ion metallic affinity chromatography. the vcf is a nonhemolytic enterotoxin that acts as a serine protease. the toxin can be partially neutralized by serum antiaerolysin and it induced not only cytoplasmatic vacuole formation, but also mitochondrial disorders that must be signaling the apoptotic pathways, leading to vero (afr ... | 2007 | 17286562 |
| the immune response and protective efficacy of oral alginate microparticle aeromonas sobria vaccine in soft-shelled turtles (trionyx sinensis). | aeromonas sobria is an important bacterial pathogen of soft-shelled turtles (trionyx sinensis). the effect of an oral alginate microparticle a. sobria vaccine (mav) on immune response and protection efficacy of soft-shelled turtles was investigated. the formalin-killed cultures of a. sobria strain z-1 (fkc) were incorporated into alginate microparticles, and the encapsulated vaccine was orally used for immunizing turtles. the serum agglutinating antibody titers, bactericidal activity of blood le ... | 2007 | 17628697 |
| the immune response and protective efficacy of vaccination with oral microparticle aeromonas sobria vaccine in mice. | the effect of an oral alginate microparticle aeromonas sobria vaccine on immune response and protection of mice was investigated. the formalin-killed cultures (fkc) of a. sobria strain z-1 treated with three methods were incorporated into alginate microparticles, and the encapsulated vaccines were orally used for immunizing mice. four weeks after immunization, the serum agglutinating antibody titers, bactericidal activity of leucocytes and relative percent survival (rps) of mice immunized orally ... | 2007 | 17630205 |
| clinical presentations, prognostic factors, and mortality in patients with aeromonas sobria complex bacteremia in a teaching hospital: a 5-year experience. | bacteremia due to aeromonas sobria complex is an uncommon clinical presentation, associated with a high mortality rate. this retrospective study reviewed the clinical manifestations and prognostic factors of a. sobria complex bacteremia. | 2009 | 20422137 |
| rapid detection of virulence factors of aeromonas isolated from a trout farm by hexaplex-pcr. | the detection of virulence factors of aeromonas is a key component in determining potential pathogenicity because these factors act multifunctionally and multifactorially. in this study water samples were collected from a trout farm on a seasonal basis, and diseased fish and aeromonas species were isolated and identified. for rapid detection of six virulence factors of isolated aeromonas, a hexaplex-polymerase chain reaction (hexaplex-pcr) assay was used. the detected virulence factors include a ... | 2007 | 17846582 |