| differentiation of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype pullorum from biotype gallinarum by analysis of phase 1 flagellin c gene (flic). | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum and biotype pullorum are non-motile and pathogenic avian strains. biotype gallinarum causes fowl typhoid and biotype pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease in chickens. the two biotypes could be differentiated based on biochemical characteristics. however, conventional culture and biochemical assays are time-consuming, laborious and need sterile laboratory practices. although the two biotypes, gallinarum and pullorum are non-motile, t ... | 2000 | 10739340 |
| infection-immunity in experimental salmonellosis. | salmonella enteritidis is highly virulent for the mouse causing an infection resembling mouse typhoid. survivors of the infection are completely resistant to reinfection and eliminate a large challenge dose of virulent organisms within 72 hr. the antigenically related salmonella gallinarum was almost avirulent for the mouse but animals vaccinated with this organism were equally capable of eliminating a lethal dose of virulent s. enteritidis. living salmonella pullorum, on the other hand, was qui ... | 1966 | 5922286 |
| characterization of swimming motility and identification of flagellar proteins in salmonella pullorum isolates. | to identify swimming motility in salmonella pullorum isolates and to characterize the flagellar proteins produced by motile isolates. | 1999 | 10791949 |
| interaction of high temperature and salmonella pullorum antigen concentration on serum agglutinin and corticosteroid responses in white rock chickens. | in three experiments, 6- to 7-week-old chickens were exposed to one or two standard heating episodes and were injected immediately afterward with different concentrations of heat-killed salmonella pullorum antigen (ag) or phosphate-buffered saline. the standard heat episode consisted of three .5-hr exposures of 44 to 46 c with .5-hr periods of 22 c between exposures. nonheated chickens were maintained at 22 c. when two heating episodes were used, there was a 12-hr interval between episodes. sera ... | 1984 | 6531335 |
| new bisabolane sesquiterpenes from ligularia songarica. | phytochemical investigation of ligularia songarica (compositae) afforded seven new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes. their structures were confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic methods, especially 2d-nmr techniques, and compound 7 showed stronger antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, pseudomonas acruginosa and salmonella pullorum. | 2000 | 11189875 |
| [phagocytic activity and antibody formation in relation to the resistance of poultry to fowl typhoid-pullorum disease]. | vulchanov's method (1954) was employed to study the phagocytic activity, and the classic method with the agglutination test served to follow up the production of antibodies. some breed-associated differences were observed in the phagocytic activity and the normal serologic antibody titer prior to the infection with salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. highest were the indices with the leghorn breed, followed by the cornish and plymouth rock breeds. certain breed differences were also e ... | 1982 | 7170772 |
| role of glycoconjugates in adherence of salmonella pullorum to the intestinal epithelium of chicks. | 1. the distribution of glycoconjugates on the surface of salmonella pullorum and the ileal epithelium of chicks was demonstrated by lectin cytochemistry. the role of glycoconjugates in adherence of s. pullorum to the ileal epithelium was determined by a sugar inhibition assay using the scanning electron microscope. 2. s. pullorum exhibited binding to concanavalin a (con a) and wheat germ agglutinin (wga) but not to soyabean agglutinin (sba), ricinus communis agglutinin (rca) and ulex europaeus a ... | 1995 | 7614028 |
| evolutionary origin and radiation of the avian-adapted non-motile salmonellae. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was employed to estimate chromosomal genotypic diversity and relationships among 131 isolates of the non-motile salmonella biotypes gallinarum and pullorum (serotype 1, 9, 12:-:-) that cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, respectively. thirteen electrophoretic types (ets), marking clones, were distinguished, and construction of a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree revealed three lineages: one consisted of five ets of gallinarum, a second included seven ets ... | 1993 | 8429538 |
| research note: differential chemotaxis of physarum polycephalum to salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum. | the chemotactic and chemotropic responses of the plasmodial stage of the slime mold physarum polycephalum were used to distinguish salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum from 10 salmonella serovars that are commonly isolated from domestic poultry. utilizing an in vitro plasmodium agar plate assay method, p. polycephalum was attracted to s. gallinarum and s. pullorum, but the organism was repelled by salmonella derby, salmonella dublin, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella heidelberg, salmon ... | 1993 | 8479960 |
| comparison of modified tecra visual immunoassay with aoac method 989.14 and reference culture methods 967.25-967.28 for detection of salmonella in foods and related samples. | a validation study was conducted to compare a new modified version of the tecra salmonella visual immunoassay (mod. via) with the original immunoassay (aoac method 989.14) and the reference culture methods (967.25-967.28). the mod. via was supplemented with polyclonal antibodies to salmonella pullorum and s. gallinarum, and compared favorably with aoac method 989.14 in sensitivity, inclusivity, and exclusivity studies. the ability of the mod. via to recover salmonella from artificially contamina ... | 1996 | 8946713 |
| detecting infections of chickens with recent salmonella pullorum isolates using standard serological methods. | despite extensive testing for salmonella pullorum infections in commercial poultry, occasional outbreaks of pullorum disease still occur. in some recent instances, questions have been raised about whether standard serological assays, which employ antigen strains selected several decades ago, are still able to detect currently prevalent s. pullorum strains. the present study evaluated the ability of standard rapid whole-blood plate agglutination test and serum tube agglutination test antigens to ... | 1997 | 9037683 |
| status of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections in poultry in zambia. | ten outbreaks of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections on poultry farms in zambia were investigated. three cases were seen in day-old broiler chickens and were diagnosed by culture as s. gallinarum-pullorum and characterized as pullorum disease because the mortality was only in the first few weeks. another case was diagnosed by culture from broiler parent stock. day-old chicks from two of the three cases were supplied by a hatchery. five cases in 5-to-18-month-old layer chickens were diagnos ... | 1997 | 9201422 |
| application of flagella-based immunoassays for serologic detection of salmonella pullorum infection in chickens. | occasional salmonella pullorum outbreaks still occur in commercial poultry flocks despite widespread serologic testing, raising concerns about the efficacy of standard agglutination-based serologic assays for detecting infections with current field strains. the recent observation that many s. pullorum strains are recognized by antibodies to certain salmonella flagellar proteins suggests that similar antibodies might be elicited in infected birds. in the present study, flagella-based enzyme immun ... | 1998 | 9876853 |
| salmonella pullorum in the common pheasant (phasianus colchicus). | in 1996, pullorum disease due to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (salmonella pullorum) was diagnosed in pheasants on a gamebird rearing enterprise in south-west scotland. the gross pathology and bacteriological findings are described, as are the results of screening for s pullorum on the site in 1997. the causal organism was readily isolated from the lung, liver, yolk sac and heart blood on direct culture, but less readily from the digestive tract or by the use of selectiv ... | 1999 | 10204223 |
| vaccination for control of salmonella in poultry. | salmonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens causing localised or systemic infections, in addition to a chronic asymptomatic carrier state. they are of worldwide economic and public health significance. in poultry, which represent important sources of cheap protein throughout the world, fowl typhoid and pullorum disease continue to cause economic losses in those parts of the world where the poultry industries are continuing to intensify and where open sided housing is common. a number ... | 1999 | 10418900 |
| pathogenicity of environmental origin salmonellas in specific pathogen-free chicks. | two hundred sixty 1-d-old specific pathogen-free (spf), single comb white leghorn chicks were used in this study to determine pathology caused by salmonella enteritidis (se) isolated from a poultry environment. the chicks were subdivided into 10 equal groups of 26 chicks each. eight groups of chicks were inoculated individually with 0.5 ml of brain heart infusion broth culture containing 1 x 10(6) cfu of se phage type (pt) -8 (1, 2, 3), se pt5 a (1, 2), or se pt4 (ch-env-ca, chicken-ca, and huma ... | 2001 | 11558918 |
| pathogenicity of salmonella enteritidis phage types 4, 8, and 23 in broiler chicks. | four hundred fifty day-old hubbard broiler chicks were subdivided into 15 groups of 30 chicks each. six groups of chicks received 0.5 ml of broth culture containing 5 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) of salmonella enteritidis (se) phage types (pts) 4, 8, and 23 by crop gavage. similarly, six other groups received 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(8) cfu of se. one group was inoculated with 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(6) cfu of salmonella pullorum, and another group received 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(8) cfu ... | 1999 | 10494420 |
| pathogenicity of different serogroups of avian salmonellae in specific-pathogen-free chickens. | the pathogenicity of one isolate of salmonella typhimurium, four isolates of salmonella heidelberg, three isolates of salmonella kentucky, two isolates of salmonella montevideo, one isolate of salmonella hadar, and two isolates of salmonella enteritidis (se), one belonging to phage type (pt)13a and the other to pt34, was investigated in specific-pathogen-free chicks. three hundred eighty-four chicks were separated into 16 equal groups of 24 chicks. thirteen groups were inoculated individually wi ... | 2001 | 11785896 |
| the evolving genome of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum. | salmonella enterica serovar pullorum is a fowl-adapted bacterial pathogen that causes dysentery (pullorum disease). host adaptation and special pathogenesis make s. enterica serovar pullorum an exceptionally good system for studies of bacterial evolution and speciation, especially regarding pathogen-host interactions and the acquisition of pathogenicity. we constructed a genome map of s. enterica serovar pullorum rks5078, using i-ceui, xbai, avrii, and spei and tn10 insertions. pulsed-field gel ... | 2002 | 11976291 |
| surface plasmon resonance (biacore) detection of serum antibodies against salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium. | we have used a surface plasmon resonance biosensor (biacore 3000) to detect serum antibodies in chickens having current or recent infections. three well-defined salmonella flagellar recombinant dna antigens reflecting salmonella enteritidis (h:g,m flagellin) and salmonella typhimurium (h:i and h:1,2 flagellins) expressed in escherichia coli were each immobilized in a single flow cell of a biosensor chip. glutathione-s-transferase was immobilized on the surface of another flow cell to monitor non ... | 2002 | 12133620 |
| improvements required for the detection of salmonella pullorum and gallinarum. | detection of the specific salmonella serovar gallinarum, which is divided into the biovars pullorum and gallinarum, is compulsory under the national hygienic and sanitary control regulations of france for breeding flocks whose offspring are exported. our aim was to examine the suitability of bacteriologic and serologic methods routinely used in france to screen serum samples and organs for s. gallinarum. since bacteriologic reference techniques are designed to isolate the commonly occurring non- ... | 2002 | 12146886 |
| salmonella enterica serovar pullorum requires the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type iii secretion system for virulence and carriage in the chicken. | functional mutations were made in the type iii secretion systems encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi 1) and salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi 2) of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum, the cause of pullorum disease in poultry. their role in cell invasion in vitro, and in virulence in vivo was determined. the spi 1 mutant showed decreased invasiveness for chicken cells but was capable of causing disease in orally infected 1-day-old chicks, although it showed some reduction in ... | 2002 | 12427344 |
| [on the nutrition of salmonella pullorum and s. gallinarum. 2. comparison of the growth-supporting ability of various synthetic media and the improvement of yasushi's medium]. | | 1962 | 13938794 |
| [on the nutrition of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. 3. on the purine requirement of salmonella pullorum strain no. 21]. | | 1962 | 13938795 |
| the differentiation of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum by biochemical methods. | | 1962 | 13993927 |
| is eradication of pullorum disease realistic? | | 1964 | 14118007 |
| isolation of salmonella pullorum from a japanese pheasant. | | 1965 | 14284966 |
| the control of pullorum disease in taiwan. | | 1965 | 14298862 |
| biochemical differentiation of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum cultures. | | 1965 | 14334406 |
| [variations in carbohydrate metabolism by salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum; their diagnostic value]. | | 1954 | 14350347 |
| on the desoxycholatesensitive strains of salmonella pullorum. | | 1960 | 14497432 |
| adhesion of probiotic lactobacilli to chick intestinal mucus. | in the present work, interactions between three lactobacillus strains (lactobacillus fermentum crl1015, lactobacillus animalis crl1014, and lactobacillus fermentum crl1016) and chicken small intestinal mucus were determined. three lactobacilli isolated from chicken and selected by their potentially probiotic properties were able to grow in mucus preparations. three peaks from gel filtration chromatography of intestinal mucus were obtained. the adhesion to three mucus fractions (i, ii, and iii), ... | 2003 | 14569288 |
| significant observations in pullorum disease eradication. | | 1951 | 14798770 |
| studies in pullorum disease: artificial infection of turkeys with regular, variant and mixed form cultures of salmonella pullorum. | | 1951 | 14831031 |
| experimental human salmonellosis. iv. pathogenicity of strains of salmonella pullorum obtained from spray-dried whole egg. | | 1951 | 14888950 |
| typing of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum by means of bacteriophage. | | 1952 | 14933053 |
| survey of peafowl (pavo cristatus) for potential pathogens at three michigan zoos. | blood samples collected from 31 free-roaming peafowl from three zoos in michigan were tested serologically. antibody titers were present against avian adenovirus and bordetella avium in 19.3% and 61.3% of the samples, respectively. serum plate agglutination tests were positive for mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma synoviae in 3.2% and 38.7% of the samples, respectively. all birds were seronegative for avian influenza, newcastle disease virus, west nile virus, mycoplasma gallisepticum, salmon ... | 2003 | 15077714 |
| a serological survey for pathogens in old fancy chicken breeds in central and eastern part of the netherlands. | to get an impression of the presence of pathogens in multi-aged flocks of old fancy chicken breeds in the netherlands, plasma samples originating from 24 flocks were examined for antibodies against 17 chicken pathogens. these flocks were housed mainly in the centre and east of the netherlands, regions with a high poultry density. the owners of the tested flocks showed their chicken at national and international poultry exhibitions. antibodies against avian influenza, egg drop syndrome '76 virus, ... | 2004 | 15185615 |
| some antigenic characteristics of salmonella pullorum. | | 1950 | 15410981 |
| studies in pullorum disease; observations on the use of streptomycin in salmonella pullorum infection in chicks by the oral and intraperitoneal routes. | | 1950 | 15411609 |
| [salmonella pullorum infection in a cat]. | | 1950 | 15420152 |
| salmonellosis; a case of human gastro-enteritis attributed to salmonella pullorum. | | 1950 | 15432864 |
| the utilization of some organic compounds by one strain each of salmonella anatum, salmonella oranienburg, and salmonella pullorum. | | 1950 | 15436405 |
| allele-specific pcr method based on rfbs sequence for distinguishing salmonella gallinarum from salmonella pullorum: serotype-specific rfbs sequence polymorphism. | cloning and sequence analysis of rfbs gene identified two polymorphic nucleotides, one at position 598 (salmonella gallinarum-specific) and other at position 237 (salmonella pullorum-specific). based on s. gallinarum-specific nucleotide found at position 598, an allele-specific pcr method was developed for serotype-specific detection of s. gallinarum. this pcr method was able to discriminate pure cultures of s. gallinarum from s. pullorum and other salmonella serotypes from serogroup d in less t ... | 2005 | 15590091 |
| the genome of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum: distinct insertions/deletions and rare rearrangements. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is a fowl-adapted pathogen, causing typhoid fever in chickens. it has the same antigenic formula (1,9,12:--:--) as s. enterica serovar pullorum, which is also adapted to fowl but causes pullorum disease (diarrhea). the close relatedness but distinct pathogeneses make this pair of fowl pathogens good models for studies of bacterial genomic evolution and the way these organisms acquired pathogenicity. to locate and characterize the genomic differences between ... | 2005 | 15995186 |
| control and eradication of animal diseases in new zealand. | new zealand is free from all the major epidemic (office international des epizooties list a) diseases of animals and other important diseases, such as rabies and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. the once endemic conditions of sheep scab (psoroptes ovis), bovine brucellosis (brucella abortus), hydatids (echinococcus granulosus) and aujeszky's disease have been eradicated. anthrax (bacillus anthracis) is no longer considered endemic and pullorum disease (salmonella pullorum) has effe ... | 2002 | 16032229 |
| [the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum in in vitro studies]. | the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of 100 strains of s. pullorum and 24 strains of s. gallinarum against 19 antibiotics and 3 antibiotic mixtures were determined by the broth dilution method. the strains studied were isolated from enzootic outbreaks of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid. it was found that all the strains were sensitive to ampicillin, streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline, chloromycetin, gentamycin, signamycin, polzomycin, and neotarchocin. besides, s. pullorum was s ... | 1975 | 16296026 |
| an allele-specific pcr assay for the rapid and serotype-specific detection of salmonella pullorum. | salmonella serovar pullorum is a causative agent of pullorum disease (pd) in poultry and is responsible for severe economic losses to the poultry industry in many parts of the world. a definitive detection of pullorum requires culture followed by serotyping and biochemical identification, a process that is tedious and takes several weeks to accomplish. we have developed a rapid allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method based on the nucleotide polymorphism in rfbs gene sequence for t ... | 2005 | 16404999 |
| evaluation of the health of free-ranging greater rheas (rhea americana) in argentina. | the health of 22 free-ranging adult rheas (rhea americana) examined and sampled during a translocation/reintroduction project and six juvenile rheas kept in semicaptivity was investigated, and details of their haematology and plasma biochemistry are presented. serological testing for antibodies to infectious agents was negative for infectious laryngotracheitis, avian adenovirus, avian influenza, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis virus, paramyxovirus types 1, 2, and ... | 2006 | 16517822 |
| cultural and antigenic studies on salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum. | | 1927 | 16559234 |
| the relation between electrical charge and the agglutinating ability of salmonella pullorum. | | 1928 | 16559292 |
| the reduction of nitrates to nitrites by salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. | | 1930 | 16559426 |
| the effect of temperature upon the production of hydrogen sulphide by salmonella pullorum. | | 1931 | 16559468 |
| a comparative study of the nutritional requirements of salmonella typhosa, salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. | | 1943 | 16560616 |
| electron microscope studies of the bacteriophage of salmonella pullorum. | | 1944 | 16560773 |
| epidemiological investigation, cleanup, and eradication of pullorum disease in adult chickens and ducks in two small-farm flocks. | pullorum disease causing acute septicemia and mortality in adult brown chickens was diagnosed in a small-farm chicken flock in iowa. also, salmonella pullorum was isolated from the intestine of one of four rats trapped on this index farm. tracing movements of spent hens from the index farm resulted in identification of a second infected flock on a contact farm. poultry on the contact farm were tested with the stained-antigen, rapid whole-blood test, and two ducks and one chicken gave positive re ... | 2006 | 16618000 |
| restricted dietary protein in pregnant beef cows: ii. effect on the immune response. | cows fed 0.37 kg crude protein per day for four months before calving showed no decrease in colostral igg, iga, or igm from cows fed a normal ration. similarly, no difference in serum immunoglobulin concentration was detected in their calves. cows in the low protein group developed significantly lower (p < 0.01) titers to salmonella pullorum antigen than did the normal group. the data show significant positive linear regressions of calf agglutination titer to s. pullorum on the dam's colostral t ... | 1979 | 16725433 |
| serological survey of the infectious disease status of old english game fowl in the lower north island, new zealand. | to investigate the serological status of old english game (oeg) cockerels for a range of infectious diseases of poultry. | 2006 | 16915341 |
| health evaluation of free-ranging and captive blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) in the gran chaco, bolivia. | bolivia has a total of 47 species of psittacidae, seven of which have been identified in our study site, the semiarid gran chaco of the isoso. one species, the blue-fronted parrot (amazona aestiva), is frequently captured by local isoseño guaraní indians for exploitation on the national and international market. these birds are often temporarily housed in small villages under unhygienic conditions with poultry and other domestic species. on occasion, these parrots escape back to the wild. additi ... | 2005 | 17312715 |
| salmonella pullorum in turkeys-experimental testing in natural infection. | | 1960 | 17421197 |
| isolation of salmonella pullorum from the joints of broiler chickens. | | 1961 | 17421332 |
| variant or atypical salmonella pullorum: a serological study. | | 1943 | 17647972 |
| studies in pullorum disease: ix. serological reactions of regular and variant types of salmonella pullorum. | | 1946 | 17648209 |
| studies in pullorum disease: x. bacteriological examination of tissues from fowls exposed to infection with salmonella pullorum. | | 1946 | 17648212 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xvii the use of salmonella typhi o901 in test antigens. | | 1947 | 17648266 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xix. examination of colonies from regular and variant form subcultures of salmonella pullorum. | | 1947 | 17648285 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xx. attempts to produce form variation in salmonella pullorum and to differentiate the forms by growth on serum agar. | | 1948 | 17648314 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxi response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | | 1948 | 17648317 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxi. response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | | 1948 | 17648323 |
| studies in pullorum: xxi. response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | | 1948 | 17648327 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxii. technical of the in direct complete-fixation test for activity with salmonella pullorum antigens. | | 1948 | 17648333 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxiv. a comparison of titers obtained by indirect complement fixation and agglutination methods for chicken sera. | | 1949 | 17648413 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxix. bacteriological examination of blowflies (lucilia sp.) and houseflies (musca domestica) which during their larval stage had fed on chicks infected with salmonella pullorum. | | 1952 | 17648554 |
| efficiency of a quarternary ammonium-glycol mixture against newcastle disease virus and salmonella pullorum. | | 1953 | 17648632 |
| studies in pullorum disease. xxxi. a possible method of examining chick down for the presence of salmonella pullorum. | | 1953 | 17648635 |
| studies in pullorum disease. xxxii. infection of adult turkeys with single and multiple oral doses of mixed forms of salmonella pullorum. | | 1953 | 17648638 |
| nitrofuran production efficiency in chickens. | two nitrofuran feed additives, 0.011% nihydrazone and a combination of 0.0055% nitrofurazone and 0.0008% furazolidone, improved weight gains and feed conversions in chickens with "air sac infection." both nitrofurans caused a significant reduction in the total chickens condemned at the dressing plant from this disease, but nihydrazone gave the best results. nihydrazone(*), a new nitrofuran feed additive for chickens, was found by wolfgang et al. (1) to be effective against coccidiosis due to eim ... | 1962 | 17649352 |
| [not available]. | | 1948 | 18108839 |
| [not available]. | | 1948 | 18108840 |
| effect of sodium sulfamerazine on salmonella pullorum. | | 1949 | 18128445 |
| [not available]. | | 1949 | 18152594 |
| health evaluation of free-ranging humboldt penguins (spheniscus humboldti) in peru. | as part of ongoing ecological studies of humboldt penguins (spheniscus humboldti) at punta san juan, ica department, peru, health surveys were conducted in november 1992, 1993, and 1994. in the three surveys, 98 birds in total were handled for examination, and blood was collected for laboratory analysis from 90 of these birds. all birds seemed to be in good condition. body weights of females were significantly lower in 1994 than in the other years. fleas (parapsyllus humboldti) and ticks (ornith ... | 2008 | 18459309 |
| molecular diagnosis of salmonella species in captive psittacine birds. | cloacal swabs were collected from 280 captive psittacine birds belonging to 13 species. samples of dna were tested by pcr using a pair of primers that amplify a 284 base pair fragment of the salmonella genus inva gene, and the pcr-positive samples were tested by standard microbiological techniques. thirteen per cent of the samples were positive by pcr, but negative by microbiological techniques. the infection rates were significantly different among the 13 species, the most commonly infected bei ... | 2008 | 18567929 |
| examination by elisa of sera obtained from chicken breeder and layer flocks showing evidence of fowl typhoid or pullorum disease. | an indirect elisa using soluble whole cell antigen was used to screen serum samples obtained from breeder and layer flocks some of which had shown clinical or bacteriological evidence of infection with salmonella gallinarum or s. pullorum. there was good correlation between salmonella infection and the presence of serum samples showing high optical density (od) values. sera from seven flocks showing high values were retested using group d (0-1, 9, 12) lipopolysaccharide (lps) and g,m-h flagella ... | 1995 | 18645798 |
| salmonella control--past, present and future. | the perception of salmonella infection as a problem to the poultry industry has changed as the industry itself has changed. other factors include increasing awareness of health and food quality. acquisition of more information on the microbiology of salmonella and the epidemiology of infection in poultry and man, have not, with a few exceptions, enabled us to eliminate salmonella from poultry and from the food chain. control of the poultry pathogens s. pullorum and s. gallinarum, the major patho ... | 1993 | 18671051 |
| the rearing and maintenance of breeding chickens in isolators: 1. glass fibre isolators. | a method of 'rearing and maintaining chickens from day old to 80 weeks of age free from infectious bronchitis, newcastle disease, infectious avian encephalomyelitis, celo and gal viruses, lymphoid leukosis, marek's disease, mycoplasma gallisepticum, salmonella pullorum and other salmonella spp., staphylococcus aureus, eimeria spp. and helminths is described. the advantages of glass fibre isolators each with its own ventilation system are outlined. | 1972 | 18777370 |
| studies in pullorum disease; attempts to produce form variation in salmonella pullorum and to differentiate the forms by growth on serum agar. | | 1948 | 18863305 |
| non-pullorum agglutination reactions; reactions with pullorum antigen from fowl inoculated with coliform types. | | 1948 | 18863310 |
| studies in pullorum disease; response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | | 1948 | 18863315 |
| studies in pullorum disease; technique of the indirect complement-fixation test for activity with salmonella pullorum antigens. | | 1948 | 18863318 |
| the suitability of salmonella pullorum strains used in the agglutination test for pullorum disease control. | | 1948 | 18863386 |
| further notes on variation in salmonella pullorum. | | 1948 | 18873074 |
| arthritis in turkeys associated with salmonella pullorum. | | 1948 | 18895337 |
| relationship between titres of antipullorum chicken and turkey sera obtained by the indirect complement-fixation and agglutination method. | | 1948 | 18907305 |
| studies in pullorum disease; response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | | 1948 | 18912223 |
| studies in pullorum disease; response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | | 1948 | 18913894 |
| response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | | 1948 | 18933280 |
| cross agglutination between salmonella pullorum and paracolon types isolated from fowl. | | 1948 | 18933290 |
| diseases of backyard turkeys in the mexican tropics. | with the purpose of identifying the causes of disease and death in backyard turkeys, 768 interviews with growers were carried out in communities of the coastal region of oaxaca, mexico. later, a clinical sanitary evaluation was performed on five randomly selected turkeys of different age and sex. the laboratory tests included: necropsy for clinical diagnosis of diseases and for a histopathological examination of tissues with macroscopic lesions to identify microscopic lesions; hemagglutination i ... | 2008 | 19120252 |
| search for salmonella spp. in ostrich productive chain of brazilian southeast region. | we analyzed ostriches from an equipped farm located in the brazilian southeast region for the presence of salmonella spp. this bacterium was investigated in 80 samples of ostrich droppings, 90 eggs, 30 samples of feed and 30 samples of droppings from rodents. additionally, at slaughter-house this bacterium was investigated in droppings, caecal content, spleen, liver and carcasses from 90 slaughtered ostriches from the studied farm. also, blood serum of those animals were harvested and submitted ... | 2009 | 19390983 |