| antibiotic treatment of lyme disease. current recommendations by stage and extent of infection. | much has been learned about lyme disease over the past several years, but much remains to be learned. careful clinical observation has led to elucidation of the natural history of this disease, and further clinical observations are needed to unravel the remaining areas of uncertainty. it is by no means clear that all the symptoms attributed to lyme disease today actually represent true manifestations of borrelia burgdorferi infection or that patients with well-documented lyme disease whose sympt ... | 1992 | 1589368 |
| special concerns in lyme disease. seropositivity with vague symptoms and development of fibrositis. | fear of lyme disease may be as powerful as the disease itself. patients may insist on being tested for infection although little evidence of it exists, and a positive result in the face of vague symptoms can add to the problem. physicians should explain to these patients the differences in "background" seropositivity in various geographic locations and the drawbacks of instituting unnecessary treatment. fibrositis may evolve over time after lyme disease infection. many factors may trigger this d ... | 1992 | 1589369 |
| physical map of the linear chromosome of the bacterium borrelia burgdorferi 212, a causative agent of lyme disease, and localization of rrna genes. | the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, which causes lyme disease, and other members of the borrelia genus are unique among characterized bacteria in having a linear chromosome. a restriction map of the chromosome of b. burgdorferi 212 was constructed by making extensive use of digestions in agarose blocks of restriction endonuclease fragments or chromosomal dna that had been purified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. a total of 47 digestion sites for the enzymes sgrai, sacii, mlui, bsshii, eagi ... | 1992 | 1592827 |
| identification of a third genomic group of borrelia burgdorferi through signature nucleotide analysis and 16s rrna sequence determination. | as part of a continuing effort to assess genetic variation among isolates of borrelia burgdorferi we have determined the 16s rrna signature nucleotide makeup of two tick isolates from the ussr. signature nucleotides were identified via reverse transcriptase primer extension sequencing of select regions of the 16s rrna molecule. in addition, the near complete 16s rrna sequence of one of the isolates, r-ip3, was determined and utilized in a phylogenetic assessment. the sequence was aligned with th ... | 1992 | 1593264 |
| is there any evidence for an association between ankylosing spondylitis and borrelia burgdorferi infection? | the suggested relationship between borrelia burgdorferi and seronegative spondyloarthropathies has been studied in 125 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (as). igg antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were present in 11 of 125 patients (8.8%) and in 25 of 125 controls (20%). no patient had clinical lyme borreliosis. hla-b27 status was known for 82 patients with as. there was no difference between b27+ and b27 patients. this study provides no evidence that borrelia burgdorferi is associated with ... | 1992 | 1593580 |
| frequency and specificity of antibodies that crossreact with borrelia burgdorferi antigens. | the frequency and specificity of antibodies that bind antigens of borrelia burgdorferi in sera from 200 individuals with no evidence of past or current lyme disease was determined. sera were tested for both igg and igm antibodies to b. burgdorferi by western blotting. the non-lyme serum group included specimens from healthy adults and children in addition to specimens from patients with viral infection and rheumatic diseases. crossreactive igg antibodies occurred more frequently than igm antibod ... | 1992 | 1593581 |
| babesiosis: an underdiagnosed disease of children. | babesiosis is a malaria-like illness caused by the intraerythrocytic parasite babesia microti and is transmitted by the same tick that transmits borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. babesiosis is well recognized in adult residents of southern new england and new york but has been described in only five children. to determine whether children are infected with b microti less often than are adults, a prospective serosurvey was carried out on block island, ri, where babesiosis ... | 1992 | 1594345 |
| [epidemiological aspects of neurological complications of lyme borreliosis in switzerland. a case-control study]. | to determine the individual relative risk to neurologically affected patients of infection with borrelia burgdorferi, within the framework of a multicenter case control study encompassing the four neurological departments of the universities of basel, bern, zurich and lausanne, 378 patients and 1134 healthy blood donors serving as controls underwent analysis for antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi by elisa. the seroprevalence were estimated for a cut-off point of 2 standard deviations from t ... | 1992 | 1594902 |
| [mono-arthritis of uncertain etiology--a follow-up study]. | 78 patients in whom the cause of a monoarticular arthritis remained unclear after an initial workup were contacted for a follow-up interview (and an additional clinical examination in 64 cases) after 6 to 11 years (mean 8 years). the mean age at the onset of symptoms was 39 years, with 51% of the patients presenting in the range between 20 and 40 years. there was a slight male preponderance (56%). large joints, mainly the knee, and less often the wrist, ankle or hip, were affected in 79%. finger ... | 1992 | 1594908 |
| long-term protection of mice from lyme disease by vaccination with ospa. | mice vaccinated with recombinant outer surface protein a (ospa) have been shown to be protected from infection with borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease, when sacrificed 14 days after challenge with an intradermal inoculum of the spirochete. to determine whether infection was not merely delayed and that protection was long-lasting, we sacrificed vaccinated mice 60, 120, and 180 days after challenge; and to determine whether vaccinated mice retained their immune state over long periods ... | 1992 | 1541551 |
| prevention of lyme disease. | lyme disease and the use of tick repellents and physical protective measures to prevent the disease are discussed. lyme disease is a multiple-organ-system, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder transmitted by the bites of ixodid ticks infected with borrelia burgdorferi. an individual is at greatest risk for infection when a tick has been attached to the skin for more than 24 hours. lyme disease occurs in three stages and may affect the skin, nervous system, cardiac system, and joints. antimicrob ... | 1992 | 1595748 |
| acute, posterior, multifocal, placoid, pigment epitheliopathy and lyme disease. | | 1992 | 1596215 |
| cross-reactive proteins of borrelia burgdorferi. | the specificity of serological tests for lyme borreliosis is impaired by cross-reacting antibodies. in order to select antigens for more specific tests, specific and cross-reactive proteins of borrelia burgdorferi must be identified. therefore, to analyze cross reactions of borrelia burgdorferi with other bacteria, rabbit immune sera against heterologous bacteria (borrelia hermsii, treponema pallidum, treponema phagedenis, leptospira interrogans (serogroup grippotyphosa), neisseria meningitidis, ... | 1992 | 1597198 |
| seroprevalence of lyme disease in gray wolves from minnesota and wisconsin. | to determine the seroprevalence of lyme disease in gray wolves (canis lupus) from various counties of minnesota and wisconsin (usa), 589 serum samples were collected from 528 wolves from 1972 to 1989. an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test was used to detect the presence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi. titers of greater than or equal to 1:100 were considered positive. results were confirmed by testing a few selected sera by western blotting. of the 589 sera tested, 15 (3%) had i ... | 1992 | 1602567 |
| isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from peromyscus leucopus in oklahoma. | borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from a field-caught peromyscus leucopus from central oklahoma (usa). the strain was identified as b. burgdorferi by reaction with monoclonal antibody h5332 specific for the outer surface protein ospa of b. burgdorferi. this represents the first isolation of b. burgdorferi from a wild mouse outside of the normal range of the known vectors ixodes dammini and i. pacificus. | 1992 | 1602581 |
| isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from a lyme seronegative patient in northern italy: expression of ospb immunodominant proteins on the isolated strain. | this paper describes the antigenic characteristics of a strain of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from a patient seronegative for lyme borreliosis, in the early stage of the illness. the strain was not recognized by a late serum sample from the patient; the isolate reacted in immunoblotting with some of the monoclonal antibodies directed against the immunodominant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi. in addition to the ospa antigen this strain carries also the epitopes of ospb proteins, unlike the ma ... | 1992 | 1602993 |
| differential cleavage of surface proteins of borrelia burgdorferi by proteases. | the differential cleavage of surface proteins of borrelia burgdorferi irs strains by several proteases was examined. proteinase k, trypsin, chymotrypsin and thermolysin all cleaved the outer surface protein b (ospb) to undetectable levels by coomassie brilliant blue staining, whereas some residual protein was detected by immunoblotting with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. not even antigenic fragments were detectable by immunoblotting with 1a8 monoclonal antibody reactive with ospb. less ef ... | 1992 | 1602994 |
| lyme disease in california: a novel enzootic transmission cycle of borrelia burgdorferi. | knowledge of zoonotic transmission cycles is essential for the development of effective strategies for disease prevention. the enzootiology of lyme disease in california differs fundamentally from that reported from the eastern united states. woodrats, not mice, serve as reservoir hosts, and ixodes neotomae, a nonhuman-biting tick, maintains the agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, in enzootic cycles. the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus, is the primary vector to humans, but i ... | 1992 | 1604318 |
| [prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi infection in an area of barcelona]. | | 1992 | 1606233 |
| the clinical and epidemiological profile of lyme neuroborreliosis in denmark 1985-1990. a prospective study of 187 patients with borrelia burgdorferi specific intrathecal antibody production. | this prospective study reports the clinical and epidemiological features of 187 consecutive patients with neuroborreliosis recognized in denmark over the 6-yr period, 1985-1990. only patients with intrathecal borrelia burgdorferi specific antibody synthesis were included. in 1990 regional incidences varied between 5.7 and 24.1 per million. ninety-four percent of the patients had early (second stage) neuroborreliosis. the most common manifestation was a painful lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (ban ... | 1992 | 1606475 |
| elimination of borrelia burgdorferi from vector ticks feeding on ospa-immunized mice. | although recombinant outer surface protein a (ospa) of borrelia burgdorferi protects mice against injected lyme disease spirochetes, the mode of protection has not yet been explored. indeed, the efficacy of vaccine-induced immunity against a realistic vector-mediated challenge remains unexplored. accordingly, we determined whether this immunogen protects mice against spirochetes delivered by nymphal ixodes dammini ticks. following challenge by tick bite, no spirochetes could be cultured from imm ... | 1992 | 1608951 |
| biting back at lyme disease. | | 1992 | 1609273 |
| [positive anti-borrelia antibodies in patients with clinical manifestations compatible with neuroborreliosis]. | the clinical features of 19 patients with neurological manifestations unexplained by another disease and positive serology for borrelia burgdorferi were studied. ecm was present in only 11% of the cases and 32% referred tick bite. the characteristic features for suspicion of nb according to our series was the presence of polyneuritis in 84% of the cases specially in the form of multiple mononeuritis and involvement of the facial nerve (79%) leading to even greater suspicion with the association ... | 1992 | 1610600 |
| characterization of borrelia burgdorferi glycoconjugates and surface carbohydrates. | borrelia burgdorferi glycoconjugates with different oligosaccharide structures were characterized by a blotting technique with peroxidase-labelled lectins. the localization of surface carbohydrates was studied using electron microscopy with lectin-gold complexes. a high-mannose glycan structure was detected in 83 kda glycoprotein (major extracellular protein); at least four carbohydrates (glucose or mannose, galactose, n-acetylgalactosamine and n-acetylglucosamine) were present in other borrelia ... | 1992 | 1611204 |
| analysis and expression of the borrelia burgdorferi p/gau fla gene: identification of heterogeneity with the b31 strain. | the flagellin gene from the p/gau strain of borrelia burgdorferi was cloned and sequenced. the translated p/gau flagellin protein differed from the flagellin of the b31 strain at 13 of 336 amino acids. this includes seven differences between amino acids 190-234, an immunodominant and specific region for b. burgdorferi. the entire flagellin molecule, as well as peptides of the internal portion of the protein which is more specific for b. burgdorferi, has been expressed in escherichia coli using a ... | 1992 | 1612419 |
| immunoglobulin g2 confers protection against borrelia burgdorferi infection in lsh hamsters. | we showed that immune serum and its immunoglobulin fractions, specifically immunoglobulin g2 (igg2), could confer complete protection to irradiated hamsters challenged with the lyme disease spirochete. immune serum and its immunoglobulin fractions also killed borrelia burgdorferi in vitro. depletion of complement in vivo abrogated the ability of igg2 to confer complete protection against b. burgdorferi. furthermore, the majority of antibody reactivity directed against b. burgdorferi was found in ... | 1992 | 1612738 |
| lyme disease. | lyme disease, a multisystem disorder, has now been reported to the centers for disease control from 43 states of the united states. the disease is a tick-transmitted infectious disorder caused by the spirochete bacterium borrelia burgdorferi. lyme disease typically begins with the symptoms of flu associated with a characteristic skin rash, erythema chronicum migrans. the diagnosis of lyme disease is best made by clinical examination and epidemiologic history, with serologic studies supporting th ... | 1992 | 1612941 |
| western blotting for the diagnosis of borrelia burgdorferi infection in patients with sacroiliitis. | | 1992 | 1613726 |
| [simultaneous infection with borrelia burgdorferi--fsme virus]. | | 1992 | 1614078 |
| interactions between extracellular borrelia burgdorferi proteins and non-borrelia-directed immunoglobulin m antibodies. | previous work showed that outer surface protein a (ospa) and ospb of borrelia burgdorferi may occur within an extracellular multiprotein complex, which was resolved by electrophoresis as an 83-kda major extracellular protein band. to characterize the 83-kda band, we sequenced the n terminus of the predominant peptide in the band and examined the interaction between the associated proteins. peptide sequence and amino acid composition comparisons showed identity with the heavy chain of immunoglobu ... | 1992 | 1541558 |
| borrelia burgdorferi strain 25015: characterization of outer surface protein a and vaccination against infection. | mice vaccinated with outer surface protein a (ospa) from borrelia burgdorferi strain n40 are protected from challenge with an intradermal syringe inoculum of b. burgdorferi strains n40, b31, and cd16. vaccination experiments were done to determine if protection extended to strains 297 and 25015. we now show that ospa-n40 immunized mice are protected against challenge with strain 297, isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with neuroborreliosis, but not against challenge with strain 2 ... | 1992 | 1545130 |
| serodiagnosis of leptospirosis in pigs using an axial filament enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the axial filament (af) from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola was isolated by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation of 2% sarcosyl treated whole cells. isolation of af was confirmed by electron microscopic examination, by protein-a immunogold labelling, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and immunoblotting. analysis by sds-page of the purified preparation showed relatively weak bands of molecular size 41 kda and 21 kda, and strong bands of 35 ... | 1992 | 1615635 |
| [incidence of borrelia burgdorferi infection in isolated facial paralysis. a prospective study]. | between the causes of facial paralysis, similar to bell's palsy, recently are included those due to some families of spirochaeta (borrelia burgdorferi) transmitted through tick-bite. these bacteria, besides de facial palsy, may produce several degrees of lymphocytic meningitis and subsequently the paralysis of the face, sometimes clumsy or recurrent. the treatment being the antibiotic drugs, never the corticoids. in the paper are explained prospectively the incidence of this disease in the aa's ... | 1992 | 1616069 |
| failure of borrelia burgdorferi to survive in the skin of patients with antibiotic-treated lyme disease. | borrelia burgdorferi has been cultivated from clinically normal skin (previous erythema migrans sites) after antibiotic therapy for lyme disease. | 1992 | 1619074 |
| borrelia burgdorferi and other related spirochetes bind to galactocerebroside. | spirochetes are agents of neurologic disease that may utilize specific neural cell surface molecules for adhesion. borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, bound to galactocerebroside (galcer) in numbers that were two- to threefold greater than to ceramide and glucocerebroside, and four- to fivefold greater than to sphingosine, psychosine, sulfatide, cholesterol, and three membrane phospholipids. the adherence was greater to galcer and ceramide with a higher content of alpha-hy ... | 1992 | 1620344 |
| selection of a borrelia burgdorferi antigenic variant by cultivation in the presence of increasing amounts of homologous immune serum. | this investigation was undertaken to select antigenic variants of a borrelia burgdorferi strain in vitro. the original strain bits was cultivated in bsk medium supplemented with increasing concentrations of homologous hyperimmune serum raised in rabbits. after a few serial passages starting from a subinhibitory serum dilution of 1:800 in bsk up to 1:200, a variant named bitsv was obtained; it grew abundantly like the control culture in the presence of hyperimmune serum. analysis of the antigenic ... | 1992 | 1624108 |
| antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in rodents in the eastern and southern united states. | serologic studies were conducted to determine whether white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and cotton mice (peromyscus gossypinus) contained serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme borreliosis. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays detected antibodies to this spirochete in 35.7 and 27.3% of 56 p. leucopus and 535 p. gossypinus serum samples, respectively, collected in connecticut, north carolina, south carolina, georgia, florida, alabama, and mississippi. antibody t ... | 1992 | 1624561 |
| detection of borreliacidal antibodies in hamsters by using flow cytometry. | flow cytometry can be used to detect antibody that kills borrelia burgdorferi. borreliacidal activity was detected within 3 h of incubating b. burgdorferi with immune serum and complement. right-angle light scatter and propidium iodide fluorescence were the cytometric parameters which correlated best with in vitro killing of b. burgdorferi. flow cytometry is a rapid method for determining the presence of borreliacidal activity and may lead to a better serodiagnostic test for the detection of lym ... | 1992 | 1624563 |
| first isolation of borrelia burgdorferi in southern california. | the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner, was isolated from the blood of a dusky-footed wood rat, neotoma fuscipes baird, in the san bernardino mountains of southern california. antigenic, protein, and molecular analyses demonstrated that the isolate varied slightly from most isolates of b. burgdorferi from northern california and was clearly distinct from other species of borrelia that are endemic to the state. this is the first reported iso ... | 1992 | 1625299 |
| inability of ixodes cookei and amblyomma americanum nymphs (acari: ixodidae) to transmit borrelia burgdorferi. | the vector competency of ixodes cookei packard and amblyomma americanum (l.) for borrelia burgdorferi was studied using syrian hamsters. ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin were used as controls. darkfield and immunofluorescent examinations of midgut diverticula revealed b. burgdorferi spirochetes in 32 of 36 (88.9%) i. dammini larvae, 5 of 36 (13.9%) i. cookei larvae, and 7 of 36 (19.4%) a. americanum larvae within 48 h after feeding on infected syrian hamsters. b. burgdorferi w ... | 1992 | 1625302 |
| effectiveness of an aerial application of carbaryl in controlling ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) adults in a high-use recreational area in new jersey. | lyme disease risk reduction through the control of the principal tick vector, ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin, has become a major issue facing public health agencies in many endemic states. where large tracts of land are involved, established methods of i. dammini control are impractical. an aerial application of carbaryl directed against fall populations of i. dammini adults resulted in 93.8% control after 96 h. control persisted through the following spring. the usefulness ... | 1992 | 1625304 |
| serological survey for lyme disease in domestic dogs and white-tailed deer from oklahoma. | sera from 223 randomly selected dogs and 489 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were tested for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi using an indirect kinetic elisa. dog samples were obtained in 1989 whereas deer samples were obtained between 1975 and 1990. ten known negatives and two known positives from each group were run on each plate as controls. samples showing mean mod values above the mean of negatives + 3 sd were considered positive. twenty-six dog (11.7%) and 22 deer (4.5%) sampl ... | 1992 | 1626867 |
| epizootiology of lyme disease and methods of cultivating borrelia burgdorferi. | lyme disease is prevalent over vast areas of land in the northern hemisphere. the etiologic agent is a spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, that is transmitted by ixodes ticks. at least five species of anthropophilic ticks are competent vectors, and the causative agent or closely related species have been detected in 20 wild or domestic mammals and eight birds. the ability to isolate and culture b. burgdorferi from humans, ticks, and wildlife has significantly contributed to our understanding of th ... | 1992 | 1626892 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi in human blood and urine using the polymerase chain reaction. | we investigated the use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect borrelia burgdorferi strain b-31 in human blood and urine experimentally inoculated with 5 and 1 borreliae/cm3, respectively, and to biotinylate a dna probe specific for b. burgdorferi in the dot blot and southern blot assays. when the blood and urine samples were subjected to pcr, a 370-bp amplified product was consistently visible on agarose gel electrophoresis after 30 and 45 cycles, respectively. the total human genomic ... | 1992 | 1627262 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi dna in urine samples and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with early and late lyme neuroborreliosis by polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for use in the identification of a 248-bp fragment of the borrelia burgdorferi flagellin gene in urine and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patients with lyme neuroborreliosis. the specificities of the pcr products were confirmed by dna-dna hybridization with an internal probe. the assay had a detection limit of 10 in vitro-cultivated b. burgdorferi. the pcr assay seemed to be species wide as well as species specific, since dna from all 21 b. burgdor ... | 1992 | 1629318 |
| lyme disease knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors--connecticut, 1992. | lyme disease (ld), caused by infection with the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, is the most commonly reported tick-borne illness in the united states (1). because no vaccine is available and effective measures to control tick populations are experimental, education is the most important approach to preventing ld. ld was identified in connecticut in 1975 (2); in 1991, connecticut had the highest rate of ld in the united states (36 per 100,000 population), and cases were reported in residents fro ... | 1992 | 1630426 |
| cultivation of borrelia burgdorferi from the blood and a subcutaneous lesion of a patient with relapsing febrile nodular nonsuppurative panniculitis. | | 1992 | 1538171 |
| the nih-3 immunodeficient mouse is a model for lyme borreliosis myositis and carditis. | experimental infection of immunodeficient nih-3 (n:nih-bg-nu-xid) mice with borrelia burgdorferi was found to result in multisystem histopathologic lesions. in addition to t-cell deficiency due to the nude mutation, these mice have an x-linked defect affecting the b-cell maturation and the beige mutation resulting in the absence of nk cells. nih-3 mice were susceptible to progressive infection with b. burgdorferi resulting in pancarditis, synovitis, and skeletal interstitial myositis whereas con ... | 1992 | 1632468 |
| fibroblasts protect the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, from ceftriaxone in vitro. | the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, can be recovered long after initial infection, even from antibiotic-treated patients, indicating that it resists eradication by host defense mechanisms and antibiotics. since b. burgdorferi first infects skin, the possible protective effect of skin fibroblasts from an antibiotic commonly used to treat lyme disease, ceftriaxone, was examined. human foreskin fibroblasts protected b. burgdorferi from the lethal action of a 2-day exposure to ceftria ... | 1992 | 1634816 |
| the vector of the lyme disease spirochete. | | 1992 | 1635568 |
| clustering of host-seeking nymphal deer ticks (ixodes dammini) infected by lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi). | in areas where the agent of lyme disease is intensely enzootic, the mouse reservoirs may be universally infected. because a large proportion of the vector tick population appears to feed upon these hosts, the prevalence of infection in the vectors should approach 100%. however, infection in host-seeking nymphal ticks in nature rarely exceeds 40%. to help reconcile this apparent paradox, we examined whether estimates of prevalence might differ if we did not assume that infected ticks are randomly ... | 1992 | 1636884 |
| evaluation of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs of missouri, including serologic status to ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia equi and borrelia burgdorferi. | canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in 37 dogs by finding ehrlichial morulae in 0.1 to 26.2% of their blood neutrophils and eosinophils. all 37 dogs had clinical signs of arthritis or muscular stiffness. titer to ehrlichia canis was determined in sera from 31 of the 37 dogs; 25 dogs had titer ranging from 1:20 to 1:5,120. in the other 6 dogs, titer to e canis was less than 1:10. the most common hematologic abnormality in these dogs, other than rickettsiemia, was thrombocytopenia. gran ... | 1992 | 1539918 |
| multifocal choroiditis with evidence of lyme disease. | a 32-year-old man had multifocal choroiditis without vitreous involvement. the diagnosis of lyme disease was suggested by serial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of his serum and a cerebrospinal fluid specimen. the ocular findings resembled those seen in patients with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (apmppe). the active lesions resolved after administration of a two-week course of intravenous ceftriaxone. this case suggests that some cases of apmppe actually may be ly ... | 1992 | 1637125 |
| a comparison of methods for sampling the deer tick, ixodes dammini, in a lyme disease endemic area. | the purpose of this study was to compare the trapping and examining of mice, drag sampling, and co2-baited traps for their ability to detect the presence and abundance of immature deer ticks, ixodes dammini, in a lyme disease endemic area in southern new york state. eight study sites were sampled 14 times between 28 may and 31 august by setting 49 live-traps, four co2-baited traps, and drag sampling 500 m2. a total of 1540 nymphs and 3079 larvae was collected during the study. drag sampling coll ... | 1992 | 1638929 |
| evidence for b-lymphocyte mitogen activity in borrelia burgdorferi-infected mice. | borrelia burgdorferi produces a mitogen for murine b lymphocytes which can be measured in vitro by polyclonal stimulation of proliferation and immunoglobulin production (r. schoenfeld, b. araneo, y. ma, l. yang, and j. j. weis, infect. immun. 60:455-464, 1992). sonicated b. burgdorferi cells also stimulated il-6 production by splenocyte cultures. we have used the murine model for lyme disease described by barthold et al. (s. w. barthold, d. s. beck, g. m. hansen, g. a. terwilliger, and k. d. moo ... | 1992 | 1639470 |
| selection of an escape variant of borrelia burgdorferi by use of bactericidal monoclonal antibodies to ospb. | two immunoglobulin g (igg) monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to outer surface protein b (cb2 and cb6), affinity purified from mouse ascitic fluid, exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitory and bactericidal properties against borrelia burgdorferi after a 24-h incubation period in spirochete medium. fab fragments derived from these mabs showed the same effects, indicating that they were not caused by agglutination of the organisms by the intact mabs. the inhibition of spirochete growth in cultures c ... | 1992 | 1639477 |
| hemolytic activity of borrelia burgdorferi. | zones of beta-hemolysis occurred around colonies of borrelia burgdorferi grown on barbour-stoenner-kelly medium containing agarose and horse blood. blood plates were inoculated with either the infective strain sh-2-82 or noninfective strain b-31 in an overlay and incubated in a candle jar. both strains of b. burgdorferi displayed beta-hemolysis after 1 to 2 weeks of incubation. the hemolytic activity diffused out from the borrelial colonies, eventually resulting in lysis of the entire blood plat ... | 1992 | 1639493 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in the central nervous system. | | 1992 | 1640607 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in the central nervous system. | | 1992 | 1640608 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in the central nervous system. | | 1992 | 1640609 |
| performance of 45 laboratories participating in a proficiency testing program for lyme disease serology. | we show that significant interlaboratory and intralaboratory variations exist in lyme disease proficiency testing. | 1992 | 1640618 |
| purification and characterization of a tryptic peptide of borrelia burgdorferi flagellin, which reduces cross-reactivity in immunoblots and elisa. | in man the early immune response in lyme disease is primarily directed against the endoflagellin antigen. isolated flagellar protein of borrelia burgdorferi suggests itself as a suitable test antigen. however, cross-reactivity between flagellins of b. burgdorferi, escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, proteus mirabilis and salmonella typhimurium was demonstrated by immunoblotting and elisa with polyclonal rabbit-hyperimmune-sera. tryptic cleavage of recombinant b. burgdorferi 41 kda flagellin, ex ... | 1992 | 1556546 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of dna from human intestinal spirochetes. | hindiii cleaved human intestinal spirochete genomic dna was cloned into the plasmid vector pbluescript. the inserts from three of these clones (prb.c33, prb.c47 and prb.f11) successfully hybridized with dna from the nine human intestinal spirochetes used in this study. the fourth insert (from clone prb.a8) failed to hybridize with dna from two of these isolates (hrm4 and hrm9), and, all four of the inserts hybridized with the m1 strain of swine intestinal spirochete treponema innocens. hybridiza ... | 1992 | 1644136 |
| adherence and entry of borrelia burgdorferi in vero cells. | adherence to and entry of the parasite into the host is one of the essential elements of microbial pathogenicity. we investigated the adherence to and entry into primate kidney epithelial (vero) cells of borrelia burgdorferi by radiolabelling techniques, immunofluorescence and electronmicroscopy. the attachment to and subsequent entry of both untreated and heat (50 degrees c)-treated b. burgdorferi into vero cells occurred at cell-surface sites associated with aggregated coated pits. in contrast ... | 1992 | 1560445 |
| vasculitic mononeuritis multiplex in patient with lyme disease. | lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. neurological complications are frequently reported but the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. we report on a patient with positive borrelia antibodies at elisa and immunoblotting and with histological and immunofluorescence study of peripheral nerve biopsy consistent with vasculitic neuropathy. | 1991 | 1649149 |
| molecular analysis and expression of a borrelia burgdorferi gene encoding a 22 kda protein (pc) in escherichia coli. | we describe the cloning and expression of the pc gene which encodes a major immunodominant protein of borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme borreliosis. the pc protein was purified from lysates of b. burgdorferi strain pko. after tryptic digestion of the pc protein the resulting oligopeptides were applied to a gas-phase sequenator. thus partial amino acid sequences were obtained. the deduced oligonucleotides were used as hybridization probes. after southern blotting a reactive band i ... | 1992 | 1560779 |
| heterogeneity of outer membrane proteins in borrelia burgdorferi: comparison of osp operons of three isolates of different geographic origins. | biochemical and immunochemical studies of the outer membrane proteins of borrelia burgdorferi have shown that the ospa and ospb proteins from strains of different geographic origins may differ considerably in their reactivities with monoclonal antibodies and in their apparent molecular weights. to further characterize this variation in osp proteins between strains, the osp operons and deduced translation products from two strains, one from sweden (acai) and one from eastern russia (ip90), were s ... | 1992 | 1563773 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ospab operon of a borrelia burgdorferi strain expressing ospa but not ospb. | the nucleotide sequence of a 1.6-kb clone containing the gene for outer surface protein a (ospa) of a german strain (go2) of borrelia burgdorferi was determined. the deduced amino acid sequence showed a homology of 82% to the ospa molecules from three other b. burgdorferi strains. the best-conserved region was recognized at the 36-amino-terminal amino acids of ospa. ospb could not be identified in the strain investigated, probably because the nucleotide sequence of the ospab operon prevented exp ... | 1992 | 1563775 |
| the activity of azithromycin in animal models of infection. | high and prolonged tissue levels accompanied by low serum concentrations are a feature of azithromycin, an azalide antibiotic. it has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms and several intracellular pathogens. a number of animal models of localised infection have been developed which demonstrate that the efficacy of azithromycin correlates with its extravascular pharmacokinetics and not with blood levels. in many instances, because of high tissue bioa ... | 1991 | 1662625 |
| lyme disease in dogs in spain. | | 1992 | 1566536 |
| tandem repeat of the 23s and 5s ribosomal rna genes in borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease. | the dna fragments containing the rrl and rrf genes were subcloned from a embl3 recombinant phage of borrelia burgdorferi strain b31 into puc18 and were characterized by restriction analysis and southern hybridization. a fine restriction map of the fragments was constructed and the organization of the genes was determined. the genomic hybridization using the gene probes from b. burgdorferi showed that there are two sets of rrl/rrf genes in that genome. the results also revealed the important fact ... | 1992 | 1567408 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in urban parks. | | 1991 | 1676804 |
| molecular diagnosis of borrelia burgdorferi infection (lyme disease). | in spite of significant advances in immunologically based testing, accurate diagnosis of lyme borreliosis remains problematic. to address this issue, a dna amplification-based diagnostic test was developed utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and oligonucleotide primers specific for the ospa and ospb genes of borrelia burgdorferi. in this approach, a relatively large dna fragment is amplified with an outer set of primers, and a "nested" internal sequence of the pcr product subsequently ... | 1992 | 1567553 |
| detection of plasma tumor necrosis factor, interleukins 6, and 8 during the jarisch-herxheimer reaction of relapsing fever. | the jarisch-herxheimer reaction (j-hr) is a clinical syndrome occurring soon after the first adequate dose of an antimicrobial drug to treat infectious diseases such as lyme disease, syphilis, and relapsing fever. previous attempts to identify factors mediating this reaction, that may cause death, have been unsuccessful. we conducted a prospective trial in addis ababa, ethiopia on 17 patients treated with penicillin for proven louse-borne relapsing fever due to borrelia recurrentis to evaluate t ... | 1992 | 1569394 |
| suspected lyme borreliosis in sheep. | two cases of suspected lyme borreliosis in lambs are described. the clinical signs observed resemble those described for lyme borreliosis in dogs and horses. the lambs were approximately six months old and came from two different flocks in a district heavily infested with ixodes ricinus ticks. the lambs had pronounced lameness in one leg, generally bad condition and poor appetite. they had high serum levels of igg antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi when tested in an elisa. the other lambs in the ... | 1992 | 1595160 |
| untreated neuroborreliosis: bannwarth's syndrome evolving into acute schizophrenia-like psychosis. a case report. | in general, meningopolyradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome, stage 2 of neuroborreliosis) follows a predictable monophasic self-limiting course. in contrast, we report the case of a patient with an untreated meningopolyradiculitis which evolved into acute schizophrenia-like psychosis due to persistent infection with borrelia burgdorferi. the psychosis resolved within 1 week of treatment with ceftriaxone. this case shows that the usually benign monophasic meningopolyradiculitis may progress to sever ... | 1992 | 1573415 |
| [lyme disease in switzerland: ocular involvement]. | lyme disease is a multisystem disorder caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by a tick (ixodes ricinus). lyme disease is divided into three stages (infection, dissemination and immunological reactions). ocular manifestations are rare except for conjunctivitis and facial nerve palsy. switzerland is an endemic zone for lyme disease; the presence of an atypical pars planitis should prompt a search for lyme disease. | 1992 | 1614153 |
| [meningitis in 154 children of a pediatric clinic in germany: clinical and epidemiologic aspects]. | in a retrospective study, the histories of the non-neonates treated for primary meningitis in the pediatric department of mainz university hospital between 1986 and 1989 were analyzed with regard to etiological, diagnostic, clinical and epidemiological criteria. in the period studied there were 37 cases of infectious meningitis (11 neisseria meningitidis (29.7%), 7 h. influenzae (18.9%), 3 s. pneumoniae (8.1%), 16 other (43.2%)), and 117 cases of acute aseptic meningitis syndrome (12 mumps virus ... | 1992 | 1614183 |
| analysis of the borrelia burgdorferi geho fla gene and antigenic characterization of its gene product. | the fla gene of borrelia burgdorferi geho was analyzed and expressed in escherichia coli. the structural gene encodes a flagellar protein of 336 amino acids. comparative sequence analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed a high degree of sequence conservation with flagellins from both phylogenetically related and unrelated bacteria. the antigenic properties of the b. burgdorferi fla protein were studied by synthesizing overlapping octapeptides, which were screened by using a battery of differ ... | 1991 | 1704884 |
| cells secreting antibodies to myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with lyme neuroborreliosis. | an autoimmune response to myelin basic protein (mbp) has been proposed to participate in the development of the chronic neurologic manifestations that may accompany borrelia burgdorferi-induced lyme disease. using an immunospot assay, we counted cells secreting antibodies to mbp. anti-mbp igg antibody-secreting cells were detected in csf from eight of 13 consecutive patients with lyme neuroborreliosis irrespective of stage of disease. the numbers were between 1/370 and 1/5,000 csf cells (mean, 1 ... | 1991 | 1707148 |
| epidemiology and prevalence of seropositivity against borrelia burgdorferi antigen in la rioja, spain. | the aim of this study was to acquire a better knowledge of the epidemiology of lyme disease. a seroepidemiologic study was made by evaluating the different levels of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in a five hundred serum representative sample of a population from the province of la rioja, spain. samples were randomly selected and stratified to take into account sex, age, rural or urban residence, and geographical area. all subjects included in the study were asked to fill out a questionnaire ... | 1992 | 1631381 |
| specific immunofluorescence staining of treponema pallidum in smears and tissues. | to date, tissue sections prepared from formalin-fixed tissues have not been successfully stained with treponema pallidum subspecies-specific antibody in a direct fluorescent-antibody assay. while current methods stain t. pallidum, they do not distinguish t. pallidum from other spirochetes such as borrelia burgdorferi (e. f. hunter, p. w. greer, b. l. swisher, a. r. simons, c. e. farshy, j. a. crawford, and k. r. sulzer, arch. pathol. lab. med. 108:878-880, 1984). because trypsin pretreatment of ... | 1991 | 1709944 |
| evidence for (lipo) oligosaccharides in borrelia burgdorferi and their serological specificity. | sds-page and western immunoblot profiles have been determined for different strains of borrelia burgdorferi. major proteins of 60 kda, 41 kda corresponding to flagellin, 34-36 kda and 30-31 kda corresponding to ospb and ospa respectively, and 18-20 kda corresponding to 'pc' fractions were detected. a "rough" lipopolysaccharide which we called lipooligosaccharide (los) of 8-11 kda appeared to be present, being detected by specific silver staining, as in crude borrelia lysates as in proteinase k d ... | 1991 | 1711876 |
| infective acute transverse myelopathy. report of two cases. | two children with acute transverse myelopathy following adenovirus and borrelia burgdorferi infections are presented. the diagnosis stems from the clinical presentation, the determination of specific antibodies in serum and the favorable response to penicillin treatment in the case of neuroborreliosis. both children made a good recovery. the cerebrospinal fluid examination showed a highly increased myelin basic protein concentration, indicating demyelination. | 1991 | 1713310 |
| adsorption with a soluble e. coli antigen fraction improves the specificity of elisa tests for lyme disease. | we reported that preadsorption of patient serum with heat killed e. coli increased the specificity of elisa for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. that procedure required extra specimen handling and a preincubation. we report the use of a soluble e. coli antigen fraction that is included in serum diluent, eliminating additional steps. sera from 220 individuals were tested for antibodies to b. burgdorferi. twenty sera were obtained from patients with lyme disease and 200 sera were from a populat ... | 1991 | 1713972 |
| morphology of borrelia burgdorferi: structural patterns of cultured borreliae in relation to staining methods. | the microscopic recognition of borrelia burgdorferi in biologic fluids and tissues is difficult and challenging because of low numbers of organisms occurring as single isolated spirochetes, the apparent lack of colony formation in tissues, and differing lengths and structural morphologies. to identify the most common morphologic forms, we studied numerous cultures by a variety of microscopic techniques. culture suspensions of b. burgdorferi were stained by several different histochemical procedu ... | 1991 | 1716264 |
| molecular mapping of osp-a mediated immunity against borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease. | it is paradoxical that although antibodies to the outer surface protein (osp) a of borrelia burgdorferi protect mice against infection and that immunization of uninfected mice with osp-a is protective, antibodies to osp-a induced early in natural infection of mice are not curative. a region recognized by a neutralizing mab is also recognized by sera from chronically infected or immunized mice but is not bound by sera from mice infected for 15 days. infection in mice, despite the presence of earl ... | 1991 | 1716290 |
| identification of an immunoreactive non-proteinaleous component in borrelia burgdorferi. | investigations of immunoblots using borrelia burgdorferi antigen demonstrated that a band, migrating faster than the bromophenol blue front in sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, reacted strongly with sera containing anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies preferentially of the igg class. extraction of this antigenic component and chemical analyses showed that the substance was composed mainly of fatty acids and carbohydrates. typical structures of classical lipooolysaccharides such as 3-de ... | 1991 | 1722277 |
| comparative ability of various detergents to extract proteins of borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia hermsii. | borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia hermsii were treated with the following detergents: sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds), n-lauryl sarcosine (sarkosyl) and triton x-100, and the soluble and insoluble fractions obtained after each detergent treatment were examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. sarkosyl as well as sds solubilized all borrelia proteins, whereas triton x-100 treatment selectively solubilized the majority of other borrelial proteins, leaving two proteins o ... | 1991 | 1723136 |
| [retrospective study of a borreliosis infected blood donor]. | lyme disease is caused by a spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, and represents a potential transfusion hazard. some borrelia burgdorferi-infected blood donors may not be disqualified by standard donor selection procedures, thus possibly transmitting the disease. in a follow-up of 14 recipients of blood products donated by such a donor, no clinical signs or serologic evidence of a transfusion-transmitted borreliosis could be demonstrated. | 1991 | 1725647 |
| immunological characterization of a low molecular mass polypeptidic antigen of borrelia burgdorferi. | the presence of a low molecular mass polypeptidic antigen in borrelia burgdorferi was described. the protein was exposed at the bacterial surface since it was clearly identified by mab 3h4 using the immunofluorescence test performed with living bacteria. this antigen was cleaved by proteinase k treatment, whereas it was resistant to the action of chymotrypsin, trypsin and thermolysin. western blotting analysis of the immunological reactivity of this antigenic structure performed using monoclonal ... | 1991 | 1725956 |
| demonstration of a b-lymphocyte mitogen produced by the lyme disease pathogen, borrelia burgdorferi. | lyme disease refers to the multisymptomatic illness in humans which results from infection with the tick-borne spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. the white-footed mouse is the major reservoir for b. burgdorferi and, upon infection, certain inbred mice develop symptoms similar to those reported in human disease. sonicated preparations of washed spirochetes were found to have potent mitogenic activity when cultured with lymphocytes from naive c57bl/6, c3h/hej, or balb/c mice. the activity of the b. ... | 1992 | 1730476 |
| roles of ospa, ospb, and flagellin in protective immunity to lyme borreliosis in laboratory mice. | vaccination with recombinant outer surface protein a (ospa) has been shown to protect mice from infection with borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease agent. to determine whether antibodies to b. burgdorferi proteins other than ospa are involved in protective immunity, antibodies to ospa were removed from protective anti-b. burgdorferi serum; the residual serum was still protective. absorption of ospa and ospb antibodies from anti-b. burgdorferi serum eliminated the protective effect. therefore, ... | 1992 | 1730500 |
| morphology and dynamics of protruding spirochete periplasmic flagella. | we recently characterized the three-dimensional shape of treponema phagedenis periplasmic flagella (pfs). in the course of these studies, we observed protrusions on swimming cells that resembled pfs. here we present a detailed characterization of the shape, structure, and motion of these protrusions. although protrusion formation occurred primarily in wild-type cells during the stationary phase, a large fraction of exponential-phase cells of cell cylinder helicity mutants (greater than 90% of mu ... | 1992 | 1732217 |
| polymerase chain reaction primers and probes derived from flagellin gene sequences for specific detection of the agents of lyme disease and north american relapsing fever. | by cloning and sequencing the flagellin gene of borrelia hermsii and comparing this sequence with that of the corresponding gene from b. burgdorferi, i identified a central region within the two genes which showed a reduced level of sequence similarity. oligonucleotide sequences selected from this region produced species-specific amplimers when used in polymerase chain reaction experiments. thus, primers derived from the b. burgdorferi sequence amplified a 276-bp fragment from 22 strains of b. b ... | 1992 | 1734073 |
| pcr detection of borrelia burgdorferi dna in cerebrospinal fluid of lyme neuroborreliosis patients. | we used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), a method useful in the detection of borrelia burgdorferi in vitro, to evaluate csf in patients thought to have neuroborreliosis. nested pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed to recognize the c-terminal region of b burgdorferi ospa. csf samples were obtained from (1) patients with immunologic evidence of systemic b burgdorferi infection and clinical manifestations suggestive of cns dysfunction, (2) seronegative patients with clinical disorders ... | 1992 | 1734321 |
| nervous about ticks--assessing lyme disease risk in san diego county. | | 1992 | 1734618 |
| failure of multitarget detection of borrelia burgdorferi-associated dna sequences in synovial fluids of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a cautionary note. | | 1992 | 1734914 |
| population genetic analysis of borrelia burgdorferi isolates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. | fifty borellia burgdorferi strains isolated from humans and ticks in europe and the united states were analyzed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. eleven genetic loci were characterized on the basis of the electrophoretic mobilities of their products. ten loci were polymorphic. the average number of alleles per locus was 5.9, with a mean genetic diversity of 0.673 among electrophoretic types (ets). the strains were grouped into 35 ets constituting three main divisions (i, ii, and iii) separat ... | 1992 | 1548090 |
| invasion of the central nervous system by borrelia burgdorferi in acute disseminated infection. | to determine central nervous system (cns) involvement in acutely disseminated borrelia burgdorferi infection by measurement of borrelia-specific dna using the polymerase chain-reaction (pcr) assay and to compare the results of this with standard serological tests. | 1992 | 1740859 |