| structural and functional analysis of tn4430: identification of an integrase-like protein involved in the co-integrate-resolution process. | the 4149-bp transposon tn4430 from bacillus thuringiensis is delineated by 38-bp inverted repeats and codes for a 113-kd protein that shares homology with the transposases (tnpa) of tn3, tn21 and tn501. through transpositional recombination, this protein generates the formation of co-integrates between both donor and target replicons, with duplication of tn4430 molecules. these features are characteristic of transposons of the tn3 family (class ii elements). the second step of the transposition ... | 1988 | 2842151 |
| cleavage of the cii protein of phage lambda by purified hfla protease: control of the switch between lysis and lysogeny. | the activity of the cii protein of phage lambda is probably the critical controlling factor in the choice of the lytic or lysogenic pathway by an infecting virus. previous work has established that cii activity is regulated through the turnover of cii protein; the products of the hfla and hflb loci of escherichia coli are needed for a degradative reaction, and lambda ciii functions in stabilizing cii. by using the cloned hfla locus, we have purified a cii-cleaving enzyme that we term hfla. purif ... | 1988 | 2973057 |
| activation of recf-dependent recombination in escherichia coli by bacteriophage lambda- and p22-encoded functions. | escherichia coli strains bearing wild-type and mutant alleles of various recombination genes, as well as plasmids that express recombination-related genes of bacteriophages lambda and p22, were tested for their proficiency as recipients in hfr-mediated conjugation. it was found that the homologous recombination systems of both phages could promote recombination in a recb recc mutant host. in addition, the abc function of p22, but not the gam function of lambda, was found to inhibit recombination ... | 1988 | 2842317 |
| initiation of lambda dna replication reconstituted with purified lambda and escherichia coli replication proteins. | using highly purified bacteriophage lambda and e. coli replication proteins, we were able to reconstitute an in vitro system capable of replication ori lambda-containing plasmid dna. the addition of a new e. coli factor, the grpe gene product, to this replication system reduced the level of dnak protein required for efficient dna synthesis by at least 10-fold, and also allowed the isolation of a stable dna replication intermediate. based on all available information, we propose a molecular mecha ... | 1988 | 2850011 |
| evidence that the outer membrane protein gene nmpc of escherichia coli k-12 lies within the defective qsr' prophage. | recombinants between phage lambda and the defective qsr' prophage of escherichia coli k-12 were made in an nmpc (p+) mutant strain and in the nmpc+ parent. the outer membrane of strains lysogenic for recombinant qsr' phage derived from the nmpc (p+) strain contained a new protein identical in electrophoretic mobility to the nmpc porin and to the lc porin encoded by phage pa-2. lysogens of qsr' recombinants from the nmpc+ strain and lysogens of lambda p4, which carries the qsr' region, did not pr ... | 1985 | 2984173 |
| relationship between cellular reca protein concentration and untargeted mutagenesis in escherichia coli. | we measured the production of untargeted mutations in the ci and cii genes of untreated lambda phage undergoing a lytic cycle in uv-irradiated bacterial hosts. as previously shown, treatment with 4 micrograms/ml of rifampicin during post-irradiation incubation inhibited amplification of the reca protein in these cells. in addition, we observed a decreased mutation rate compared to the untreated, irradiated bacteria. treatment with 4 micrograms/ml or 8 micrograms/ml rifampicin did not prevent the ... | 1986 | 2938000 |
| spontaneous lambda or mutations suppress inhibition of bacteriophage growth by nonimmune exclusion phenotype of defective lambda prophage. | survivor clones with defects in gene functions that participate in the replicative killing of thermally induced escherichia coli constructs with integrated lambda n through p or ciii through p gene fragments were selected at a frequency of about 10(-6). among the population of survivors, clones were identified that exhibited normal lambda immunity at 30 degrees c, as shown by their ability to prevent the plating of lambda wild type and to support the plating of a nearly identical heteroimmune ba ... | 1986 | 2939262 |
| the dna restriction endonuclease of escherichia coli b. ii. further studies of the structure of dna intermediates and products. | the dna intermediates and final products formed by the type i restriction endonuclease, ecob, were further characterized. dna cleaved on only one strand (hemi-restricted dna) contains gaps of approximately 70-100 nucleotides, while the fully restricted products contain 3'-single-stranded tails averaging approximately 70-100 nucleotides for each strand cleaved. the gaps and tails are formed with the release of an equal number of nucleotides as small oligonucleotides that are soluble in acid. afte ... | 1985 | 2985610 |
| the homologous recombination system of phage lambda. pairing activities of beta protein. | the red genes of phage lambda specify two proteins, exonuclease and beta protein, which are essential for its general genetic recombination in reca- cells. these proteins seem to occur in vivo as an equimolar complex. in addition, beta protein forms a complex with another polypeptide, probably of phage origin, of mr 70,000. the 70-kda protein appears to be neither a precursor nor an aggregated form of either exonuclease or beta protein, since antibodies directed against the latter two proteins f ... | 1986 | 2940241 |
| plasmid expression vector using the lambda late promoter. | a plasmid expression vector called pqte1 based on the late promoter, pr', and positive control gene q of bacteriophage lambda has been constructed. this vector has unique cloning sites for placing exogenous dna under control of pr'. induction of expression of genes cloned into the pqte1 plasmid leads to massive overproduction of the gene products. also, transcription from the pr' promoter on pqte1 appears to be insensitive to polarity effects. | 1986 | 2940611 |
| site-directed cleavage of immunoglobulin gene segments by lymphoid cell extracts. | to study the enzyme(s) involved in the site-specific recombination of immunoglobulin (ig) gene segments, we designed an assay to detect v-j joining in vitro. the dna from a hybrid phage (lambda vjck) containing the vk41 gene segment separated by a 6-kilobase spacer region from the entire j-ck sequence was incubated with lymphoid cell extracts and packaged in vitro. phages carrying genomic deletions were selected by screening for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid resistance. although no site-specif ... | 1985 | 3000549 |
| promoter recognition by escherichia coli rna polymerase. effects of substitutions in the spacer dna separating the -10 and -35 regions. | a family of variants of the prm promoter of lambda phage was constructed, bearing nine base pair substitutions in a stretch of the spacer dna separating the contacted -10 and -35 regions. the substituted sequences were chosen for their potential to adopt structures different from those of average b-form dna and thus to affect the interaction of rna polymerase with the two contacted regions. characterization of the promoters in vitro and in vivo provides additional support for the lack of specifi ... | 1986 | 2942546 |
| an improved method for the isolation of high yields of bacteriophage lambda dna. | | 1986 | 2947045 |
| wavelength dependence for the induction of bacteriophage lambda by antitumor agent gilvocarcin v. | | 1986 | 2949330 |
| genetic selection of lambda phage clones from a gene clonotheque. | a genetic procedure for selection of specific lambda clones, by homologous recombination between lambda clones from a gene clonotheque and sequences cloned into a plasmid, was developed. resulting clones are isolated in transduction experiments by plating infected escherichia coli cells under conditions selecting for the antibiotic resistance marker carried by the plasmid. the feasibility of the method was demonstrated in a model test system as well as by isolation of alpha-interferon-specific s ... | 1986 | 3016484 |
| chi-stimulated patches are heteroduplex, with recombinant information on the phage lambda r chain. | generalized recombination in escherichia coli is elevated near chi sites. in vitro, recbcd enzyme can nick chi a few nucleotides 3' of the terminal gg of the chi sequence (5'-gctggtgg). the simplest model in which this nick at chi participates in chi function predicts that in phage lambda, chi-stimulated recombinants not crossed-over for flanking markers (patches) should be heteroduplex, with recombinant information on the lambda i chain. i report here that patches are heteroduplex, but that rec ... | 1987 | 2949853 |
| the fos gene product undergoes extensive post-translational modification in eukaryotic but not in prokaryotic cells. | to investigate the properties of the fos oncogene, we have constructed bacterial and yeast vectors which express the entire fos-coded protein (fos) and two c-terminal deletion products. in escherichia coli, fos proteins were expressed from the phage lambda pl promotor under the control of the temperature-sensitive lambda repressor. in vitro transcription/translation studies indicate that these vectors produce fos proteins of the expected sizes. however, in vivo, fos protein accumulation is obser ... | 1986 | 3019839 |
| [plasmid vector for gene expression containing the temperature-dependent promoter of phage lambda p'r dna]. | | 1986 | 3026761 |
| structures of mismatched base pairs in dna and their recognition by the escherichia coli mismatch repair system. | the escherichia coli mismatch repair system does not recognize and/or repair all mismatched base pairs with equal efficiency: whereas transition mismatches (g x t and a x c) are well repaired, the repair of some transversion mismatches (e.g. a x g or c x t) appears to depend on their position in heteroduplex dna of phage lambda. undecamers were synthesized and annealed to form heteroduplexes with a single base-pair mismatch in the centre and with the five base pairs flanking each side correspond ... | 1986 | 2951250 |
| mutational analysis of integrase arm-type binding sites of bacteriophage lambda. integration and excision involve distinct interactions of integrase with arm-type sites. | integrative recombination between specific attachment (att) regions of the bacteriophage lambda genome (attp) and the escherichia coli genome (attb) results in a prophage flanked by the hybrid recombinant sites attl and attr. each att site contains sequences to which proteins involved in recombination bind. using site-directed mutagenesis, we have constructed a related set of point mutations within each of the five int "arm-type" binding sites located within attp, attl and attr. footprint analys ... | 1986 | 2951525 |
| sequence determination and comparison of the exfoliative toxin a and toxin b genes from staphylococcus aureus. | the dna encoding the exfoliative toxin a gene (eta) of staphylococcus aureus was cloned into bacteriophage lambda gt11 and subsequently into plasmid pli50 on a 1,391-base-pair dna fragment of the chromosome. exfoliative toxin a is expressed in the escherichia coli genetic background, is similar in length to the toxin purified from culture medium, and is biologically active in an animal assay. the nucleotide sequence of the dna fragment containing the gene was determined. the protein deduced from ... | 1987 | 3040666 |
| large palindromes in the lambda phage genome are preserved in a rec+ host by inhibiting lambda dna replication. | a large palindrome carried by phage lambda has been shown to prevent growth of the phage on a rec+ strain of escherichia coli. the phage do form plaques on recbc sbcb strains, but the palindrome is not stable--deletions that either destroy the palindrome or diminish its size overgrow the original engineered palindrome-containing phage. we have prepared stocks of lambda carrying a palindrome that is 2 x 4200 base pairs long. these phage stocks are produced by induction of a lysogen in which the t ... | 1987 | 2951734 |
| mutations that improve the pre promoter of coliphage lambda. | the dya5 mutation, a c----t change at position -43 of the lambda pre promoter, results in a twofold increase in pre activity in vivo. smaller increases in pre activity are found for the dya2 mutation, a t----c change at position -1 of pre, and the dya3 mutation, an a----g change at +5 of pre. the mutant pre promoters retain complete dependence on cii protein for activity. these observations argue, at least for pre-like promoters, that promoter activities are influenced by nucleotide sequences at ... | 1987 | 2953648 |
| role of homology in site-specific recombination of bacteriophage lambda: evidence against joining of cohesive ends. | bacteriophage lambda integration and excision take place at specific loci called attachment sites. earlier work has shown that efficient recombination requires the identical sequence to be present in both attachment sites throughout the seven-base-pair region between the points of strand exchange. a plausible model for the role of homology postulates that int, the site-specific recombinase, makes double-strand breaks at attachment sites such that each broken end has a short single-strand protrus ... | 1987 | 2954163 |
| in vivo dna cloning with a mini-mu replicon cosmid and a helper lambda phage. | a mini-mu bacteriophage, containing the cohesive-end packaging site (cos) from a lambda-phi 80 hybrid phage, a high-copy-number plasmid replicon, and a kanamycin-resistance gene for independent selection, was constructed to clone genes in vivo. this mini-mu element can be derepressed to transpose at a high frequency. dna segments that become flanked by copies of this mini-mu element in the same orientation can be packaged by a helper lambda phage. the resulting lambda lysate can be used to infec ... | 1987 | 2954879 |
| [reduced restriction of phage lambda in escherichia coli k-12 cells after gamma-irradiation]. | in gamma-irradiated cells of escherichia coli k-12 restriction alleviation of an unmodified phage lambda is only observed in ab1157 strain. no restriction alleviation by gamma-rays is registered in ab1157 mutants (rec a and ssb-1). | 1987 | 2957724 |
| new mutations in the prm promoter of bacteriophage lambda. | a prm-ci-lacz fusion inserted into the b2 region of bacteriophage lambda imm21 was used to isolate mutations in the lambda prm promoter. among the mutations causing defects in synthesis of both repressor (ci gene product) and beta-galactosidase, new promoter mutations were identified at positions -11 and -32 relative to the ci transcription start point. both mutations are changes in conserved (consensus) nucleotides in prm, but the mutation at -11, which alters a more highly conserved nucleotide ... | 1987 | 2958391 |
| deletion analysis of the dna sequence required for the in vitro initiation of replication of bacteriophage lambda. | supercoiled dna containing the replication origin of bacteriophage lambda can be replicated in vitro. this reaction requires purified lambda o and p replication proteins and a partially purified mixture of escherichia coli proteins (tsurimoto, t., and matsubara, k. (1982) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 79, 7639-7643; wold, m. s., mallory, j.b., roberts, j. d., lebowitz, j. h., and mcmacken, r. (1982) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 79, 6176-6180). the lambda origin region has four repeats of a 19-b ... | 1987 | 2958451 |
| salmonella typhimurium lt2 metf operator mutations. | using an escherichia coli lac deletion strain lysogenized with lambda phage carrying a metf-lacz gene fusion (lambda flac), in which beta-galactosidase levels are dependent on metf gene expression, cis-acting mutations were isolated that affect regulation of the salmonella typhimurium metf gene. the mutations were located in a region previously defined as the metf operator by its similarity to the e. coli metf operator sequence. regulation of the metf gene was examined by measuring beta-galactos ... | 1988 | 3147373 |
| isolation of escherichia coli rpob mutants resistant to killing by lambda cii protein and altered in pyre gene attenuation. | escherichia coli mutants simultaneously resistant to rifampin and to the lethal effects of bacteriophage lambda cii protein were isolated. the sck mutant strains carry alterations in rpob that allow them to survive cii killing (thus the name sck), but that do not impair either the expression of cii or the activation by cii of the lambda promoters pe and pi. the sck-1, sck-2, and sck-3 mutations modify transcription termination. the growth of lambda, but not of the n-independent lambda variant, l ... | 1987 | 2959654 |
| involvement of the htpr gene product of escherichia coli in phage lambda development. | growth of phage lambda at high temperature requires a functional htpr host gene. the stages of the phage growth cycle shown to be dependent on htpr gene function include prophage excision and particle morphogenesis. two types of morphogenetic abnormalities have been detected. one is a defect in phage tail assembly that results from a deficiency in tail fibers even though gpj is produced. the severity of this defect is phage-strain specific. the second morphogenetic defect is less clearly defined ... | 1985 | 3156447 |
| control of cloned gene expression by promoter inversion in vivo: construction of improved vectors with a multiple cloning site and the ptac promoter. | we have constructed three gene-expression plasmids which contain (an) invertible promoter(s) and a multiple cloning site. we used either the plac promoter or the ptac-plac tandem promoters, the latter directing a more than fourfold increase in expression of the galk reporter gene in escherichia coli host. all these plasmids were derived from the pnh7a expression plasmid of podhajska et al. [gene 40 (1985) 163-168]. like pnh7a, these vectors have three novel properties: (i) in the 'off phase', th ... | 1987 | 2960590 |
| [phenomenon of restriction alleviation in escherichia coli strains]. | the alleviation of foreign dna restriction after treatment of cells by uv and gamma-rays or ocr+-gene product of t3, t7 phages has been studied. both uv and gamma-radiation were shown to induce in restriction alleviation of unmodified phage. the results of restriction alleviation caused by t3 and t7 ocr+-gene products have been evaluated by f-lac+ transfer efficiencies in heterologic crosses and plating of unmodified phage lambda. the phenomenon of restriction alleviation was established to depe ... | 1987 | 2963212 |
| changes in dna base sequence induced by gamma-ray mutagenesis of lambda phage and prophage. | mutations in the ci (repressor) gene were induced by gamma-ray irradiation of lambda phage and of prophage, and 121 mutations were sequenced. two-thirds of the mutations in irradiated phage assayed in reca host cells (no induction of the sos response) were g:c to a:t transitions; it is hypothesized that these may arise during dna replication from adenine mispairing with a cytosine product deaminated by irradiation. for irradiated phage assayed in host cells in which the sos response had been ind ... | 1988 | 2966755 |
| role of the escherichia coli dnak and dnaj heat shock proteins in the initiation of bacteriophage lambda dna replication. | we examined the role of two escherichia coli heat shock proteins, the dnak and dnaj gene products, during the initiation of lambda dv dna replication in vitro. using 14c-labeled lambda p protein we showed that the dnak and dnaj heat shock proteins function together to release lambda p protein from the preprimosomal complex consisting of lambda origin of replication-lambda o-lambda p-dnab protein. hydrolysis of atp, catalyzed presumably by dnak, is required during this reaction. substitution of d ... | 1988 | 2970643 |
| rapid isolation of lambda phage dna in micro- and macro-variants. | | 1988 | 2974539 |
| cloning structural genes for treponema pallidum immunogens and characterisation of recombinant treponemal surface protein, p2 (p2 star). | a genomic library consisting of partially digested 10 to 20 kilobase pair fragments of treponema pallidum deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) was constructed using bacteriophage lambda embl-3 as the vector. positive clones expressing t pallidum antigens were detected with sera from experimentally infected rabbits. treponemal proteins ranging in molecular weight from 37,000 daltons to 120,000 daltons were identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of phage ... | 1987 | 3315959 |
| coliphage lambda to terminator lowers the stability of messenger rna in escherichia coli hosts. | the effects of the transcription terminators to and tfd on the overall high-level expression of a human interferon-beta gene (ifn-beta) in escherichia coli hosts were compared. deletion mapping shows that mrna lability is caused by sequences at or near the lambda terminator to stem-loop structure. extensive rna secondary structure in this region indicates a potential rnase iii cleavage/binding site. in rnase iii- e. coli hosts, ifn-beta synthesis is indeed considerably enhanced. the bacteriophag ... | 1988 | 2977353 |
| cloning and purification of a unique lysozyme produced by bacillus phage phi 29. | a dna fragment of the bacteriophage phi 29 chromosome, encoding the entire sequence of phi 29 gene 15, has been cloned into the escherichia coli expression vector pplc245 under the control of the phage lambda major leftward promoter, pl. upon heat induction, a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 26 kda was overproduced. the molecular mass of this protein corresponds to the 28 kda predicted for the product of gene 15 from its nucleotide sequence. the overproduced protein has been purified ... | 1987 | 3469652 |
| the phi 80 and p22 attachment sites. primary structure and interaction with escherichia coli integration host factor. | although the lambdoid bacteriophage phi 80 and p22 possess site-specific recombination systems analogous to bacteriophage lambda, they have different attachment (att) site specificities. we have identified and determined the nucleotide sequences of the att sites of phi 80 and p22 and have examined the interaction of these sites with purified escherichia coli integration host factor (ihf). the sizes of the homologous core regions of the att sites vary greatly: p22 has a 46-base pair core, while p ... | 1985 | 2984205 |
| enhancement of transcriptional activity of the escherichia coli trp promoter by upstream a + t-rich regions. | the escherichia coli trp promoter has two a + t-rich blocks in the upstream region. the deletion of the segments containing these blocks resulted in a decrease in promoter strength. by replacing the upstream region of trp promoter with one or two large a + t-rich blocks of the major leftward lambda promoter (pl), modified trp promoters (designated let) were constructed, and the transcriptional activities of these promoters towards the expression of the human interferon-gamma gene were measured. ... | 1986 | 3533725 |
| construction of plasmid vectors for the detection of streptococcal promoters. | plasmid vectors have been constructed for detecting dna fragments that exhibit promoter activity in streptococcus sanguis. the plasmids are able to replicate in both s. sanguis and escherichia coli, and contain an erythromycin resistance marker which is expressed in both hosts. selection for promoter activity is dependent upon the insertion of appropriate dna fragments upstream from a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene (cat) from staphylococcus aureus. to facilitate this insert ... | 1986 | 3536665 |
| expression of the bacteriophage t4 denv structural gene in escherichia coli. | the expression of the t4 denv gene, which previously had been cloned in plasmid constructs downstream of the bacteriophage lambda hybrid promoter-operator olpr, was analyzed under a variety of growth parameters. expression of the denv gene product, endonuclease v, was confirmed in dna repair-deficient escherichia coli (uvra reca) by western blot analyses and by enhancements of resistance to uv irradiation. | 1986 | 3536845 |
| phasmid vectors for identification of genes by complementation of escherichia coli mutants. | a bacteriophage lambda cloning vector was designed to facilitate the isolation of genes from procaryotic organisms by complementation of escherichia coli mutants. this vector, lambda se4, was constructed by attaching a very-low-copy-number replication system (from the plasmid nr1) and a spectinomycin resistance gene to the left arm of lambda 1059 (karn et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 77:5172-5176, 1980). this phasmid cloning vector is capable of growing lytically as a phage in a nonimmune ... | 1985 | 2985547 |
| cloning and genetic analysis of serotype 5 m protein determinant of group a streptococci: evidence for multiple copies of the m5 determinant in the streptococcus pyogenes genome. | a gene bank of group a streptococcus strain manfredo (m protein serotype 5) was constructed with a bacteriophage lambda vector-escherichia coli k-12 host system and screened by immunoblotting hybrid phage plaques with antisera raised to purified pep m5 (serotype 5 m protein fragment released from the streptococcal cell surface by pepsin). hybrid phage expressing m5 antigen (lambda m5) were detected in the gene bank at an unexpectedly high frequency. the cloned streptococcal dna sequences from on ... | 1985 | 3884510 |
| plasmid vectors designed for the analysis of transcription termination signals. | we have constructed synthetic operons in which two genes (cat and lacz or cat and galk) were placed in tandem under the control of the bacteriophage lambda olpl operator and promoter. restriction sites were introduced between the promoter and the proximal cat gene or between the cat and lacz or galk genes. in the latter case, introduction of a transcriptional terminator between the two structural genes should affect only the distal gene. thus, following induction, the expression of the cat gene ... | 1985 | 2998929 |
| f'-coded, temperature-sensitive lambda ci857 repressor gene for easy construction and regulation of lambda promoter-dependent expression systems. | we describe the construction and properties of an f' factor which carries the temperature-sensitive ci857 allele of the repressor gene of coliphage lambda and which lacks the lambda cro function. this episome can easily be transferred to any f- and f' escherichia coli strain, thus facilitating the construction and regulation of lambda promoter-dependent expression systems without the use of defective prophages. | 1985 | 2999084 |
| [deletion of late genes of the prophage lambda]. | the deletions in tandem prophage lambda appear with high frequency (to 10%) in rec a- strain of escherichia coli. the deletions were shown by marker rescue and hybridization of fragments of dna on nitrocellulose filters with nick-translated phage lambda dna localized only in prophage area. right and left att sites are not involved. the majority of defective lysogens had all regulatory regions and deletions of late structural genes. these strains may be used for construction of the host-vector sy ... | 1985 | 3001508 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the escherichia coli k12 dnaj+ gene. a gene that encodes a heat shock protein. | the escherichia coli dnaj gene product is required for bacteriophage lambda dna replication at all temperatures. it is also essential for bacterial viability in at least some conditions, since mutations in it result in temperature-sensitive bacterial growth. we have previously cloned the dnaj gene and shown that its product migrates as a mr 37,000 polypeptide under denaturing conditions. here we present the primary dna sequence of the dnaj gene. it codes for a processed basic protein (63 basic a ... | 1986 | 3003085 |
| plasmids supplying the q-qut-controlled gam function permit growth of lambda red- gam- (fec-) bacteriophages on reca- hosts. | a plasmid, pgam, has been constructed which expresses the phage lambda gene, gam, under the control of the lambda late promoter, p'r, contained in a form of a p'r-qut-t'r1 module. lambda red- gam-, which normally do not grow on reca- hosts, are able to grow on reca- hosts containing pgam, because their q function can turn on the gam gene expression. this facilitates cloning with lambda red- gam- vectors in reca- hosts. | 1985 | 3005123 |
| cloning of micrococcus luteus 3-methyladenine-dna glycosylase genes in escherichia coli. | the 3-methyladenine-dna glycosylase (m3adg) excises 3-methyladenine (m3a) residues formed in dna after treatment with alkylating agents. in escherichia coli, the repair of this type of damage depends on the products of the genes taga and/or alka, which code for m3adg i (20 kda) and ii (30 kda), respectively. the taga- and alka--single mutants are sensitive to alkylating agents, the double mutant much more so. we have cloned two genes of micrococcus luteus that can partly substitute the function ... | 1986 | 3019831 |
| the production of generalized transducing phage by bacteriophage lambda. | generalized transduction has for about 30 years been a major tool in the genetic manipulation of bacterial chromosomes. however, throughout that time little progress has been made in understanding how generalized transducing particles are produced. the experiments presented in this paper use phage lambda to assess some of the factors that affect that process. the results of those experiments indicate: the production of generalized transducing particles by bacteriophage lambda is inhibited by the ... | 1986 | 3034738 |
| regulation of dnab function in dna replication in escherichia coli by dnac and lambda p gene products. | the dnab protein of escherichia coli, a multifunctional dna-dependent ribonucleotide triphosphatase and datpase, cross-links to atp on ultraviolet irradiation under conditions that support rntpase and datpase activities of dnab protein. the covalent cross-linking to atp is specifically inhibited by ribonucleotides and datp. tryptic peptide mapping demonstrates that atp cross-links to only the 33-kda tryptic fragment (fragment ii) of dnab protein. the presence of single-stranded dna alters the co ... | 1987 | 3034907 |
| methylation pattern of lambda deoxyribonucleic acid. | deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) extracted from phage lambda grown on escherichia coli k-12 strain w4032 had 113 +/- 10 5-methylcytosine residues and 215 +/- 20 6-methyl adenine residues per genome, as determined by three independent methods. these methylated nucleotides were distributed equally among the two strands of lambda dna. shearing of double-stranded dna to half-length fragments revealed a slight deficiency of 5-methyl cytosine in the 55% guanine plus cytosine half. shearing the dna to fragm ... | 1972 | 4564587 |
| properties of a mutant of escherichia coli defective in bacteriophage lambda head formation (groe). i. initial characterization. | | 1973 | 4578098 |
| a new effect of the rex gene of phage lambda: premature lysis after infection by phage t1. | | 1973 | 4583305 |
| prophage lambda at unusual chromosomal locations. ii. mutations induced by bacteriophage lambda in escherichia coli k12. | | 1973 | 4587404 |
| identification of polypeptides encoded by an escherichia coli locus (hfla) that governs the lysis-lysogeny decision of bacteriophage lambda. | we report the cloning of the escherichia coli hfla locus, which governs stability of phage lambda cii protein and which has been proposed to encode or regulate a cii-specific protease. the hfla locus was cloned on an 18-kilobase dna fragment by selecting for plasmids that carry the neighboring pura gene. the boundaries of hfla were delimited by analysis of deletions and insertions constructed in vitro and by use of transposon tn1000. maxicell analysis of the proteins encoded by the hfla-containi ... | 1987 | 3040675 |
| genetic analysis of bacteriophage lambda strains which transduce the genes for leucine biosynthesis. | | 1973 | 4591366 |
| control of gene expression in bacteriophage lambda. | | 1973 | 4593306 |
| preparation of plasmid lambda dv from bacteriophage lambda: role of promoter-operator in the plasmid replicon. | a technique has been described for selection of bacteria carrying plasmid lambdadv. with this technique, the effects of mutations in the promoter-operators were compared on the production and perpetuation of the plasmid. it was found that "left" promoter-operator that controls leftward gene expressions can be deleted from the plasmid genome. some mutations of "right" promoter-operator (pror) that controls expression of genes tof, o, and p affect the stability of the plasmid. however, the plasmid ... | 1974 | 4595898 |
| bacteriophage lambda derivatives carrying two copies of the cohesive end site. | | 1974 | 4598361 |
| n protein causes the lambda dv plasmid to inhibit heteroimmune phage lambda imm434 growth and stimulates lambda dv replication. | | 1974 | 4608877 |
| mutations within the decoding site of escherichia coli 16s rrna: growth rate impairment, lethality and intragenic suppression. | several c----u transitions and small deletions were introduced into the conserved region centered on base c1400 in escherichia coli 16s rrna by in vitro mutagenesis. the mutations were placed within rrnb operons on multicopy plasmids under the transcriptional regulation of either the normal rrnb p1p2 promoters or the temperature-inducible pl promoter from bacteriophage lambda and introduced into e. coli hosts. when expressed from the p1p2 promoters, several of the mutant 16s rrnas impaired cell ... | 1988 | 3047677 |
| extracellular production of cloned alpha-amylase by escherichia coli. | overexpression of bacillus stearothermophilus gene coding for thermostable alpha-amylase in escherichia coli was shown to cause outer-membrane damage leading to extracellular location of periplasmic proteins. prolonged high expression of the alpha-amylase gene under laczpo control eventually also lysed cells. surprisingly, expression controlled by the pl promoter of phage lambda allowed specific release of periplasmic proteins into the growth medium without total cell lysis. accumulation of alph ... | 1987 | 3327755 |
| specific hydrolysis of the cohesive ends of bacteriophage lambda-deoxyribonucleic acid by micrococcus luteus ultraviolet exonuclease. | | 1974 | 4612037 |
| cloning and expression of bradyrhizobium japonicum uptake hydrogenase structural genes in escherichia coli. | to identify the structural genes for the components of bradyrhizobium japonicum uptake hydrogenase (mr 60,000 and 30,000), we have expressed these genes in escherichia coli and shown that the products cross-react with antibodies to the respective hydrogenase subunits. we constructed subclones of overlapping dna fragments from an uptake hydrogenase-complementing cosmid, phu52 [lambert, g. r., cantrell, m. a., hanus, f. j., russell, s. a., haddad, k. r. & evans, h. j. (1985) proc. natl. acad. sci. ... | 1986 | 3532119 |
| repressor for the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate regulon of escherichia coli k-12: cloning of the glpr gene and identification of its product. | the glpr gene encoding the repressor for the glp regulon of escherichia coli was cloned from a library of hindiii dna fragments established in bacteriophage lambda. phages harboring glpr were isolated by selection for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase function encoded by glpd, which is adjacent to glpr on the e. coli linkage map. restriction endonuclease analysis and recloning of dna fragments localized glpr to a 3-kilobase-pair ecori-sali segment of dna. strains exhibiting constitutive expr ... | 1985 | 3881401 |
| overproduction of staphylokinase in escherichia coli and its characterization. | a recombinant plasmid which directs the overproduction in escherichia coli of staphylokinase from staphylococcus aureus has been constructed by placing the staphylokinase gene, sak, under the control of bacteriophage lambda pr promoter in the plasmid. when an e. coli strain having the plasmid was induced, the staphylokinase activity in the periplasmic fraction increased about 60-fold and the 15.5-kda protein corresponding to the mature form reached about 25% of the periplasmic proteins. at the s ... | 1985 | 3891339 |
| repair mechanisms involved in the recovery of phage lambda from ultraviolet damage. | | 1973 | 4618990 |
| [effect of mutations in genes n and p on the ability of uv-irradiated phage lambda to induce synthesis of colicin e1 in escherichia coli]. | | 1974 | 4830043 |
| [the effect of cystamine and magnesium ions on the induction of moderate lambda phage by x-rays]. | | 1968 | 4869266 |
| [comparative characteristics of oxygen consumption and electrokinetic potential of escherichia coli under the effect of moderate and virulent coliphage. 1. effect of the induction of lambda-phage production on oxygen consumption and electrophoretic motility of e. coli k12 lambda]. | | 1968 | 4873878 |
| studies on radiation-sensitive mutants of e. coli. ii. breakage and repair of ultraviolet irradiated intracellular dna of phage lambda. | | 1968 | 4879098 |
| antigenic differences between wild type and mutants of bacteriophage lambda. | | 1969 | 4887235 |
| the lysozyme of bacteriophage lambda. 3. ordering the cyanogen bromide peptides. | | 1969 | 4889462 |
| protection and host cell repair of irradiated lambda phage. i. irradiation of normal phage with ultraviolet light. | | 1969 | 4897977 |
| recombination in bacteriophage lambda. 3. studies on the nature of the prophage attachment region. | | 1969 | 4904107 |
| two stages in the replication of bacteriophage lambda dna. | | 1969 | 4904393 |
| regulation of bacteriophage lambda development by gene n: properties of a mutation that bypasses n control of late protein synthesis. | | 1970 | 4909409 |
| properties of phage lambda dna-rna polymerase complexes isolated from escherichia coli (lambda). | | 1970 | 4912207 |
| crypticogenicity of bacteriophage lambda. | | 1970 | 4920426 |
| an escherichia coli mutant which inhibits the injection of phage lambda dna. | | 1974 | 4132241 |
| unbiased synthesis of pulse-labeled dna framents of bacteriophage lambda and t4. | | 1970 | 4922215 |
| control of late messenger rna synthesis during lambda phage development. | | 1971 | 4926028 |
| light-induced cross-linking of dna in the presence of a furocoumarin (psoralen). studies with phage lambda, escherichia coli, and mouse leukemia cells. | | 1970 | 4927248 |
| polar mutations in the left arm of bacteriophage lambda i434. | by studying complementation between frameshift and nonsense mutants located in the structural genes for the head of bacteriophage lambdai434, we found mutations in gene b which are polar on genes c and d and one mutation in gene e which is polar on gene f. | 1971 | 4927522 |
| [the irreparability of damage caused by 1m hydroxylamine in lambda phage when submitted to passage in e. coli hcr+ and hcr- cells]. | | 1970 | 4932341 |
| isolation of the bacteriophage lambda receptor from escherichia coli. | a factor which inactivates the phage lambda can be extracted from escherichia coli. this factor is a protein and is located in the outer membrane of the bacterial envelope. it is found in extracts of strains which are sensitive to phage lambda, but not in extracts of strains specifically resistant to this phage. we conclude that this factor is the lambda receptor, responsible for the specific adsorption of the phage lambda to e. coli cells. a partial purification of the lambda receptor is descri ... | 1973 | 4201774 |
| purification and base composition analysis of phage lambda early promoters. | rna-polymerase of escherichia coli was allowed to bind to dna of phage lambda in the absence of precursors. the resulting complex was excised by nuclease digestion and the protected dna was recovered by phenol-extraction and ethanol precipitation. acrylamide gel electrophoresis of protected dna fragments reveals the existence of two distinct oligonucleotide peaks corresponding, respectively, to 45-52 and 7-10 nucleotide residues along with species of intermediate sizes. peak i molecules have two ... | 1971 | 4332016 |
| a phage lambda endonuclease controlled by genes o and p. | | 1971 | 4937245 |
| synthesis of bacteriophage lambda proteins in vitro. | | 1972 | 4343946 |
| mutants of bacteriophage lambda defective in vegetative genetic recombination. | | 1968 | 4938547 |
| [induction of lambda phage and transduction in bacterial forms with changed synthesis of the cell wall]. | | 1971 | 4938667 |
| bacteriophage p2: interaction with phage lambda and with recombination-deficient bacteria. | | 1971 | 4943192 |
| lambda phage transcription in human fibroblasts. | | 1972 | 4551993 |
| aspects of the regulation of adenylate cyclase synthesis in escherichia coli k12. | in escherichia coli k12 expression of the adenylate cyclase gene is subject to multiple controls. in order to gain understanding of the regulation of adenylate cyclase synthesis, operon and protein fusions were constructed by in vitro recombination either into bacteriophage lambda or low-copy-number plasmids, or directly on the chromosome at the cya locus. the fusions were used in physiological experiments as probes to study transcriptional and translational controls of cya expression. it was fo ... | 1988 | 3049935 |
| the formation of superinfection-double lysogens of phage lambda in escherichia coli k-12. | | 1965 | 5318339 |
| absortive lysogenization of bacteriophage lambda b2 and residual immunity of non-lysogenic segregants. | | 1967 | 5340186 |
| molecular cloning and genetic analysis of the determinant for gamma-lysin, a two-component toxin of staphylococcus aureus. | the gamma-lysin determinant of staphylococcus aureus strain smith 5r has been cloned in phage lambda and plasmid vectors in escherichia coli. genetic evidence is presented which demonstrates that gamma-lysin requires the co-operative action of two polypeptides expressed by the closely linked hlga and hlgb genes. recombinants expressed haemolytic activity in agarose medium but not in agar, a known property of gamma-lysin. haemolysis was inhibited by antiserum raised against the 32 kda component o ... | 1988 | 3075655 |