| two flavonol glycosides from seeds of camellia sinensis. | two novel flavonol triglycosides, camelliaside a and b, have been isolated from seeds of camellia sinensis. the structures were determined to be kaempferol 3-o-[2-o-beta-d- galactopyranosyl-6-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl]-beta-d-glucopyranoside and kaempferol 3-o-[2-o-beta- d-xylopyranosyl-6-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl]-beta-d-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic, chemical and enzymatic studies. these types of interglycosidic linkages, gal(1----2)[rha(1----6)]glc and xyl(1----2)[rha(1----6)] ... | 1991 | 1368184 |
| flavonol triglycosides containing galactose in tea. | the isolation and structural elucidation of new quercetin and kaempferol triglycosides from camellia sinensis is described. their structures were determined as quercetin and kaempferol 3-glucosyl(1----3) rhamnosyl(1----6)galactosides. the content of quercetin glucosylrhamnosylgalactoside ranged between 0 and 87 mg per 100 g, and that of the kaempferol homologue between 0 and 119 mg per 100 g dry wt. | 1991 | 1367342 |
| [fluoride content of deciduous teeth after regular intake of black tea]. | continuous intake of black tea rich in fluorides leads to distinct increase of fluoride content of temporary teeth. this is to consider analogous a caries prophylaxis. | 1990 | 2268641 |
| production of theanine and other γ-glutamyl derivatives by camellia sinensis cultured cells. | the maximum theanine production by camellia sinensis cultured cells was achieved by culturing in the modified ms medium containing 2 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid, 0.1 mg/l kinetin, 0 mm nh4no3 and 39.6 mm kno3 with 40 mm ethylamine hydrochloride or 20 mm ethylamine hydrochloride and 10 mm l-glutamic acid. other primary amines, such as methylamine, n-butylamine, 2-hydroxyethylamine, 2cyanoethylamine, aniline, benzylamine and phenylethylamine, were also biotransformed to n(5)-alkyl-l-glutamine deriv ... | 1990 | 24226431 |
| counter-current chromatography of black tea infusions. | counter-current chromatography using a multilayer coil planet centrifuge, with solvent system ethyl acetate-butanol-water, permits the separation of black tea infusions into fractions which include pure sii and a mixture of si and sia thearubigins. good resolution of several components of the infusion may be achieved in elution times of 1 to 2 h. the appearance of chromatograms is altered on decaffeinating the infusion. the effect of stationary phase composition is considered. resolution of the ... | 1990 | 2355066 |
| [a case control study of cancer of the pancreas]. | we report the findings of a case-control study of cancer of the pancreas, which was conducted in hokkaido prefecture. seventy-one patients with pancreatic cancer were matched on sex and age (+/- 3 years) to 142 community-based controls. the latter had telephone interviews. we questioned all subjects about demographic factors, diet, beverage consumption, and medical and surgical history. significantly decreased risks were associated with consumption of raw vegetables and green tea. the risk incre ... | 1990 | 2313889 |
| [the effect of a black tea extract on the tumor-like growth of the fungus fusarium bulbigenum var. blasticola]. | the antiblastogenic activity of black tea is predicted with a 98% credibility basing on the observation of its inhibitory or preventive effect on spontaneous or carcinogen-induced tumor development in the culture of mycelial fungus fusarium bulbigenum var. blasticola. | 1990 | 2316201 |
| characteristics of past smokers. | we studied characteristics of past smokers according to the duration of cessation of smoking based on data from a population-based survey. lifestyle, prevalences of various symptoms and diseases and other factors were compared among current smokers (8507 males and 2012 females), past smokers (4423 males and 684 females) and non-smokers (2431 males and 12,859 females) aged 40 years and over. compared to current smokers, past smokers consumed more bread, milk, vegetables, fruit and black tea, and ... | 1989 | 2788628 |
| factors related to late menopause and early menarche as risk factors for breast cancer. | to investigate underlying factors of late menopause and early menarche which are regarded as risk factors for breast cancer, we analyzed the relationships between ages at menarche and menopause, and other environmental and physical factors using the data of a population-based survey conducted in aichi prefecture, japan. the analysis on menopause was based on 3,148 women aged 55 or more and the analysis on menarche was based on 16,392 women aged 40 or more. these subjects were grouped into three ... | 1988 | 3130350 |
| [the structures of two new flavonoid glycosides from bai-shui-cha, a kind of camellia sinensis l]. | | 1987 | 3661207 |
| black tea consumption and cancer risk: a prospective study. | in a prospective cohort study, men of japanese ancestry were clinically examined from 1965 to 1968. for 7,833 of these men, data on black tea consumption habits were recorded. since 1965, newly diagnosed cancer incidence cases have been identified: 152 colon, 151 lung, 149 prostate, 136 stomach, 76 rectum, 57 bladder, 30 pancreas, 25 liver, 12 kidney and 163 at other (miscellaneous) sites. compared to almost-never drinkers, men habitually drinking black tea more than once/day had an increased re ... | 1986 | 3778808 |
| pesticide residues in black tea. | an investigation of residues of organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides, as well as of a number of fungicides and of inorganic bromide in 99 samples of black tea taken on the danish market is reported. the type of pesticide residues involved appear to be very uniform within each country of origin, whereas there are distinct differences between individual countries. tea from sri lanka seems to contain less and fewer residues than tea from the other big tea producing countries. a great man ... | 1986 | 3751325 |
| case-control study of urinary bladder cancer in metropolitan nagoya. | we conducted a population-based case-control study of patients with bladder cancer and of controls drawn randomly from the general population of metropolitan nagoya and interviewed both groups. the incidence rates of bladder cancer were 2.42 and 7.05/100,000 for females and males, respectively. the analysis, based on 293 patients and 589 controls who were frequency matched for age, sex, and residence, provided the following major findings. age-adjusted relative risks of 1.89 (1.15-3.10) and 3.53 ... | 1985 | 3834338 |
| [renal fluoride secretion following the drinking of black tea]. | | 1984 | 6730563 |
| [fluorides--black tea--health]. | | 1984 | 6523919 |
| inhibition of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by compounds of camellia sinensis. | | 1981 | 7255570 |
| caffeine content of common beverages. | tea, coffee, carbonated and chocolate beverages were analyzed for caffeine, and results compared in terms of usual serving sizes. significant differences in caffeine levels were found to result from the preparation method of coffee or brewing time of tea. it is possible for a cup of tea, instant coffee, or can of cola beverage to have similar caffeine content (55 to 65 mg.); however, the mean values per cup of black tea (28 to 46 mg.) are considerably lower than for brewed coffee (107 to 151 mg. ... | 1979 | 762339 |
| [nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, zinc and chromium content of black tea and the distribution of these metals between prepared infusion and the extracted tea leaves (author's transl)]. | twentytwo samples of black tea were examined for nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese and chromium by atomic absorption spectro-photometry. the amounts of these metals in the tea beverage as well as the amount remaining in the tea leaf residue was determined in duplicate experiments. from these results the proportion of each metal extracted may be calculated, as well as its concentration in the tea beverage prepared under defined conditions. | 1978 | 695959 |
| extraction, purification, and partial characterization of a tea metalloprotein and its role in the formation of black tea aroma constituents. | | 2016 | 838962 |
| metabolism of methionine and biosynthesis of caffeine in the tea plant (camellia sinensis l.). | 1. caffeine biosynthesis was studied by following the incorporation of 14c into the products of l-[me-14c]methionine metabolism in tea shoot tips. 2. after administration of a 'pulse' of l-[me-14c]methionine, almost all of the l-[me-14c]methionine supplied disappeared within 1 h, and 14c-labelled caffeine synthesis increased throughout the experimental periods, whereas the radioactivities of an unknown compound and theobromine were highest at 3 h after the uptake of l-[me-14c]methionine, followe ... | 1976 | 1008848 |
| further investigation of the biosynthesis of caffeine in tea plants (camellia sinensis l.). methylation of transfer ribonucleic acid by tea leaf extracts. | 1. the trna methyltransferase activity in vitro of leaves, cotyledons and roots of 85-day-old tea seedlings was studied. 2. the activity of extracts prepared from tea leaves with polycar at (insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidine) had optimum ph7.7 and was greatly influenced by thiol compounds, but only slightly by metal ions and ammonium acetate. 3. the activities of extracts, expressed per mg of protein, were as follows: roots greater than leaves greater than cotyledons. the only methylated base isola ... | 1976 | 12749 |
| reactivation mechanisms of thiamine with thermostable factors. | it was observed, in vitro, that the water extract of the fermented-tea customarily chewed by thai people has a similar thermostable thiamine-inactivating factor to that found in the water extract of fern. it was also observed that the percentage of thiamine disulfide formed from thiamine with some flavones, catechol, pyrogallol, caffeic acid, dihydroxyphenylalanine, and hemin is greater at ph 7.5 than at ph 7.0. with some flavonoids, such as quercetin, rutin, and 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone, and ... | 1976 | 978283 |
| polar lipid composition of the leaves and seeds from the tea plant (camellia sinensis l). | | 1974 | 4368006 |
| gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses of "flavory" and "non-flavory" ceylon black tea aroma concentrates prepared by two different methods. | | 1973 | 4708861 |
| effects of light and darkness on polyphenol distribution in the tea plant (camellia sinensis l.). | 1. flavonoid synthesis was able to proceed in darkness in young shoots and seedlings of the tea plant, but was increased by light. 2. the initial effect of darkness was to inhibit synthesis of the a ring or its linkage to the phenylpropane moiety of the flavonoid, but later the hydroxylation state of the flavanols was affected, leading to smaller proportions of gallocatechins and of complex leucoanthocyanins. 3. the esterification of catechins with gallic acid was less affected, so that the rati ... | 1969 | 16742673 |
| studies on the polyphenol metabolism of tissue cultures derived from the tea pant (camellia sinensis l.). | 1. the growth characteristics on various media of solid and liquid suspension cultures derived from the stem of the tea plant are described; chlorophyll and anthocyanin synthesis occurred in the light. 2. only the simplest catechins and leucoanthocyanins were present in callus tissue, although oligomeric and polymeric leucoanthocyanin fractions were also represented. light caused an increase in all monomeric components analysed, but inhibited polymerization of the leucoanthocyanins. 3. the polyp ... | 1969 | 5821008 |
| the separation and distribution of simple and condensed leucoanthocyanins of the tea plant (camellia sinensis l.). | 1. leucoanthocyanin monomers of high mobilities in aqueous solvents on thinlayer chromatograms, assumed to be structurally simple, were characteristic of mature bulky tissues, whereas members of lower mobility were confined to young vegetative and floral tissues. 2. flavylogens were separated by gel filtration on sephadex columns into monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric fractions. 3. the polymeric fraction from young brown stems was heterogeneous, one-half having a molecular weight of about 3400 ... | 1969 | 5821007 |
| the distribution of polyphenols in the tea plant (camellia sinensis l.). | 1. methods for the separation and determination of the polyphenolic components of the tea plant by thin-layer chromatography and colorimetric reactions have been devised. 2. high concentrations of catechins, flavonols and depsides were found to be restricted to the young vegetative and floral shoots, whereas leucoanthocyanins or flavylogens were characteristic of the more bulky axial tissues of the plant. 3. in the young shoots cell growth was correlated with an increasing degree of flavonoid b- ... | 1969 | 5821006 |
| an evaluation of preparatory procedures for leaf-tip chromosomes spreads of the tea plant (camellia sinensis). | | 1968 | 4176665 |
| the purification and some properties of the polyphenol oxidase from tea (camellia sinensis l.). | 1. polyphenol oxidase (ec 1. 10. 3.-) from the shoots of the tea plant was purified about 5000-fold on a dry-weight basis. 2. at an intermediate stage of purification four soluble yellow fractions were obtained. they are believed to represent complexes of a basic enzyme protein with acidic phenolic oxidation products and nucleic acids. after removal of the complex-forming materials the fractions were blue and similar to each other. about 40% of the activity could not be extracted from the aceton ... | 1966 | 16742427 |
| occurrence of vitamin e in black tea. | | 1966 | 5978237 |
| changes undergone by free amino-acids during the manufacture of black tea. | | 1966 | 5930536 |
| 5-dehydroshikimate reductase in the tea plant (camellia sinensis l.). properties and distribution. | 1. a method for the extraction of 5-dehydroshikimate reductase (ec 1.1.1.25) from tea plant tissues in an active soluble state has been developed. it is dependent on the use, in the extraction medium, of an insoluble polyphenol adsorbent (polyclar at), which prevents the polyphenols present from precipitating all the proteins. 2. the enzyme has the following properties: ph optima at ph10.1 in glycine-sodium hydroxide buffer and at ph7.7 in tris-hydrochloric acid buffer; k(m) (nadp) 32mum and k(m ... | 1966 | 4380104 |
| peptidase activity in shoot tips of the tea plant (camellia sinensis l.). | | 1964 | 5839447 |
| notes on fungi from north-east india. x. chaetospermum camelliae sp. nov. on tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze). | | 1962 | 13859604 |
| methods for the volumetric estimation of tea tannin in green-leaf and black tea. a new alkaline permanganate method. | | 1940 | 16747284 |
| the teratogenicity and the action mechanism of gallic acid relating with brain and cervical muscles. | gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) (ga) and other flavanoids are extensively used in nutraceuticals because of their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. while examining whether ga is effective in alleviating valproic-acid-induced teratogenesis in a chicken embryo model (cem), we observed embryo hemorrhage and liposis in the musculi longissimus cervicis. we conducted this study to determine whether ga is inherently teratogenic and the extent to which the risk can be transferred t ... | 2015 | 26030624 |
| application of a nanostructured platform and imprinted sol-gel film for determination of chlorogenic acid in food samples. | chlorogenic acid (cga) is a polyphenol derivative that widely exists in higher plants like fruits, vegetables, black teas, and some traditional chinese medicines. in this work, we have proposed a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for detection of cga. the sensor was based on a glassy carbon electrode (gce) modified with a functional platform by grafting vinyltrimethoxysilane (vtms) in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) and covered by a molecularly imprinted siloxane (mis) film p ... | 2016 | 27260443 |
| green tea polyphenol egcg causes anti-cancerous epigenetic modulations in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. | green tea (camellia sinensis) catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) has been shown to possess diverse anti-cancerous properties. we demonstrated egcg ability to inhibit acute promyelocytic leukemia (apl) cell proliferation and cause apoptosis. in addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) analysis revealed elevated expression of genes associated with cell cycle arrest and differentiation (p27, pcaf, c/ebpα, and c/ebpɛ). furthermore, egcg caused anti-cancerous epige ... | 2017 | 28641467 |
| high-theabrownins instant dark tea product by aspergillus niger via submerged fermentation: α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibition and antioxidant activity. | theabrownins (tb) are bioactive components that are usually extracted from chinese dark tea, in which they are present at low concentrations. the present study aimed to produce an instant dark tea high in theabrownins via submerged fermentation by the fungus aspergillus niger. three fermentation parameters that affect theabrownins content (i.e. inoculum size, liquid-solid ratio and rotation speed) were optimized using response surface methodology. | 2017 | 28422292 |
| theaflavins from black tea affect growth, development, and motility in dictyostelium discoideum. | theaflavins, flavonoids found in black tea, exhibit a variety of health-promoting activities, but the mechanisms by which they act are not clear. here, we assess the effects of black tea extract and isolated theaflavins on dictyostelium discoideum, a model organism exhibiting an unusual life cycle relying on conserved pathways involved in human disease. dictyostelium has been used to characterize the activities of numerous bioactive small molecules, including catechins, from which theaflavins ar ... | 2017 | 28711497 |
| the cshsp17.2 molecular chaperone is essential for thermotolerance in camellia sinensis. | small heat shock proteins (shsps) play important roles in responses to heat stress. however, the functions of shsps in tea plants (camellia sinensis) remain uncharacterized. a novel shsp gene, designated cshsp17.2, was isolated from tea plants. subcellular localization analyses indicated that the cshsp17.2 protein was present in the cytosol and the nucleus. cshsp17.2 expression was significantly up-regulated by heat stress but was unaffected by low temperature. the cshsp17.2 transcript levels in ... | 2017 | 28450727 |
| lactic fermentation as an efficient tool to enhance the antioxidant activity of tropical fruit juices and teas. | tropical fruits like pineapple, papaya, mango, and beverages such as green or black teas, represent an underestimated source of antioxidants that could exert health-promoting properties. most food processing technologies applied to fruit beverages or teas result in an impairment of inherent nutritional properties. conversely, we hypothesise that lactic acid fermentation may constitute a promising route to maintain and even improve the nutritional qualities of processed fruits. using specific gro ... | 2017 | 28489022 |
| in vitro anti-malassezia activity of castanea crenata shell and oil-soluble glycyrrhiza extracts. | a new shampoo with anti-malassezia properties obtained from various plants is required to provide seborrheic dermatitis patients with a wider range of treatment options. | 2017 | 28566909 |
| nutritional correlates of monetary diet cost in young, middle-aged and older japanese women. | studies in many western countries have consistently shown that monetary diet cost is positively associated with diet quality, but this may not necessarily be the case in japan. this cross-sectional study examined the nutritional correlates of monetary diet cost among 3963 young (all 18 years old), 3800 middle-aged (mean age 48 years) and 2211 older (mean age 74 years) japanese women. dietary intakes were assessed using a comprehensive self-administered diet history questionnaire for young and mi ... | 0 | 28630699 |
| human exposure asseessment to different arsenic species in tea. | inorganic forms of arsenic are much more highly toxic to humans than organic species. their effects include being carcinogenic, genotoxic and neurotoxic, where in the latter case, above all, they affect nervous system development in the foetus, infants and children. the main foodstuffs contributing significantly to its total dietary intake are drinking water, rice (and its products), fish, seafood, cereals, seaweed, root vegetables, food supplements, mushrooms and tea. after water, tea is the se ... | 0 | 25526572 |
| chitosan-induced immunity in camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze against blister blight disease is mediated by nitric-oxide. | blister blight disease, caused by an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen, exobasidium vexans massee is posing a serious threat for tea cultivation in asia. as the use of chemical pesticides on tea leaves substantially increases the toxic risks of tea consumption, serious attempts are being made to control such pathogens by boosting the intrinsic natural defense responses against invading pathogens in tea plants. in this study, the nature and durability of resistance offered by chitosan and the p ... | 2017 | 28412634 |
| phytoestrogen-rich natural preparation for treatment of climacteric syndrome and atherosclerosis prevention in perimenopausal women. | the present study evaluated the risks and benefits of phytoestrogen treatment in healthy perimenopausal women in relation to the dynamics of climacteric syndrome and progression of atherosclerosis. study participants were treated with placebo or phytoestrogen-rich natural preparation karinat based on grape (vitis vinifera) seeds, green tea (camellia sinensis) leaves, hop (hunulus lupulus) cone powder and garlic (allium sativum) powder. the dynamics of climacteric syndrome was evaluated by kupper ... | 2017 | 28593720 |
| efficacy and tolerability of phytomedicines in multiple sclerosis patients: a review. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (cns) that can cause cognition, mobility, and sensory impairments. it is considered one of the most common non-traumatic causes of disability in the world. the aim of the present article was to review the clinical evidence related to medicinal plants in the management of ms symptoms. electronic databases, including the cochrane library, pubmed, and scopus, were searched for entries from 196 ... | 2017 | 28948486 |
| inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase by various food plant-derived phytotherapeutic agents. | background: phosphodiesterases (pdes) play a major role in the regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp)- and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp)-mediated pathways. their inhibitors exhibit anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and antithrombotic effects. therefore, consumption of foods with pde-inhibiting potential may possess beneficial influence on the risk of cardiovascular diseases. methods: four plant extracts (arbutus unedo, camellia sinensis, cynara scolymus, zingiber officinale) w ... | 2017 | 29113064 |
| uplc-q-exactive orbitrap/ms-based lipidomics approach to characterize lipid extracts from bee pollen and their in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. | bee pollen (bp) is collected by honeybees from flower pollen mixed with nectar and its secretions with extensive nutritional and therapeutic properties. lipids are known to be critical contributors for the therapeutic effects of bp and vary depending on different plant sources; however, lipid profiles of bp are not available. here, an uplc-q-exactive orbitrap/ms method was established for comprehensive lipidomics analysis of bp derived from three major nectar plants (brassica campestris l., came ... | 2017 | 28737913 |
| black tea aroma inhibited increase of salivary chromogranin-a after arithmetic tasks. | growing attention has been paid to the effects of food flavor components on alleviating negative brain functions caused by stressful lifestyles. in this study, we investigated the alleviating effect of two kinds of black tea aromas on physical and psychological stress induced by the uchida-kraepelin test, based on salivary chromogranin-a (cga) levels as a stress marker and subjective evaluations (profile of mood states). | 2018 | 29361988 |
| the modulatory effect of polyphenols from green tea, oolong tea and black tea on human intestinal microbiota in vitro. | in the present study, polyphenols from green tea (gtp), oolong tea (otp) and black tea (btp) were prepared by extraction with hot water and polyamide column chromatography. in antioxidant assay in vitro, each tea polyphenols exhibited potential activity; the intestinal absorption of gtp, otp and btp was investigated individually by caco-2 transwell system, and each sample was poorly transported, illustrating a low transport rate for tea polyphenols through cell monolayers. the effects of gtp, ot ... | 2018 | 29358833 |
| a blend of extracts from houttuynia cordata, nelumbo nucifera, and camellia sinensis protects against ethanol-induced liver damage in c57bl/6 mice. | the protective activity of a mixture of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from houttuynia cordata thunb, nelumbo nucifera g. leaves, and camellia sinensis seed (hnc) was evaluated in c57bl/6 mice. pretreatment with hnc prevented the elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase caused by ethanol-induced hepatic damage. the hnc-treated mice showed significantly lower triglyceride levels, reduced cyp2e1 activity, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities and lipogenic m ... | 2018 | 29356593 |
| a metabolomics study reveals enhanced inhibition and metabolic dysregulation in e. coli induced by lactobacillus acidophilus fermented black tea extract. | this study examined the ability of lactobacillus acidophilus (la) to ferment black tea extract (bte), and the enhancement of escherichia coli cellular uptake of phenolic compounds when this bacteria was incubated with fermented bte. the inhibitory effects of bte to e. coli bacteria, with and w/o fermentation, were compared. several intracellular phenolic compounds, as well as metabolic profiles of e. coli with and w/o treatments, were also determined using a hplc-ms/ms-based approach. our result ... | 2018 | 29345909 |
| exogenous melatonin alleviates cold stress by promoting antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis in camellia sinensis l. | the unprecedented early spring frost that appears as a cold stress adversely affects growth and productivity in tea (camellia sinensis l.); therefore, it is indispensable to develop approaches to improve the cold tolerance of tea. here, we investigated the effect of pretreatment with exogenous melatonin on the net photosynthetic rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of psii, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ros) accumulation, antioxidant potential, and redox ... | 2018 | 29342935 |
| cymbopogon citratus and camellia sinensis extracts selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells and reduce growth of lymphoma xenografts in vivo. | cancer cells are reported to have elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) and are highly dependent on cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. numerous nutraceuticals and natural polyphenolic compounds have a wide range of abilities to alter cellular redox states with potential implications in various diseases. furthermore, therapeutic options for cancers are mostly nonselective treatments including genotoxic or tubulin-targeting compounds. some of the natural extracts, con ... | 2017 | 29340014 |
| phytochemicals, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and methylglyoxal trapping properties of zijuan tea. | zijuan tea (camellia sinensis var. assamica) is a unique anthocyanin-rich tea cultivar in china. although chemical component analysis of zijuan tea and extraction technology of anthocyanins was widely documented, its functional properties have not been extensively explored. in this study, the anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and methylglyoxal (mgo) trapping activities of water extract (zwe) and ethyl acetate extract (zee) of zijuan tea were investigated for the 1st time. results showed that ... | 2018 | 29337349 |
| epigallocatechin gallate from green tea exhibits potent anticancer effects in a-549 non-small lung cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell migration. | green tea (camellia sinensis) is considered as a rich source of epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) which has been shown to exert impressive pharmacological properties. the anticancer properties of egcg have been extensively studied however, its anticancer activity has not been explored in lung cancer. the present study was therefore designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of egcg against non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) cell line a-549 and normal human fibroblast fr-2 cells. | 2018 | 29332333 |
| isolation and characterization of key genes that promote flavonoid accumulation in purple-leaf tea (camellia sinensis l.). | there were several high concentrations of flavonoid components in tea leaves that present health benefits. a novel purple-leaf tea variety, 'mooma1', was obtained from the natural hybrid population of longjing 43 variety. the buds and young leaves of 'mooma1' were displayed in bright red. hplc and lc-ms analysis showed that anthocyanins and o-glycosylated flavonols were remarkably accumulated in the leaves of 'mooma1', while the total amount of catechins in purple-leaf leaves was slightly decrea ... | 2018 | 29317677 |
| proteome and acetyl-proteome profiling of camellia sinensis cv. 'anjin baicha' during periodic albinism reveals alterations in photosynthetic and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. | tea leaf color is not only important from an aesthetics standpoint but is also related to tea quality. to investigate the molecular mechanisms that determine tea leaf color, we examined camellia sinensis cv. 'anjin baicha' (an albino tea cultivar) by tandem mass tag isobaric labeling to generate a high-resolution proteome and acetyl-proteome atlas of three leaf developmental stages. we identified a total of 7,637 proteins and quantified 6,256; of these, 3,232 were classified as differentially ac ... | 2017 | 29312376 |
| fat burner-induced acute liver injury: case series of four patients. | dietary supplements known as "fat burners" are typically marketed with claims of increasing energy expenditure through alterations in fat metabolism. they are marketed as natural products and their use is thus perceived as a safe body weight reduction strategy. we report on five episodes of liver injury in four patients. liver injury was associated with consumption of different commercially available fat burners: green tea extract (camellia sinensis), garcinia gummi-gutta, green coffee beans, an ... | 2017 | 29310849 |
| theaflavin-3,3'-digallate enhances the inhibitory effect of cisplatin by regulating the copper transporter 1 and glutathione in human ovarian cancer cells. | ovarian cancer has the highest fatality rate among the gynecologic cancers. the side effects, high relapse rate, and drug resistance lead to low long-term survival rate (less than 40%) of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (tf3), a black tea polyphenol, showed less cytotoxicity to normal ovarian cells than ovarian cancer cells. we aimed to investigate whether tf3 could potentiate the inhibitory effect of cisplatin against human ovarian cancer cell lines. in the pres ... | 2018 | 29301278 |
| naphthoquinone metabolites produced by monacrosporium ambrosium, the ectosymbiotic fungus of tea shot-hole borer, euwallacea fornicatus, in stems of tea, camellia sinensis. | the tea shot-hole borer beetle (tshb, euwallacea fornicatus) causes serious damage in plantations of tea, camellia sinensis var. assamica, in sri lanka and south india. tshb is found in symbiotic association with the ambrosia fungus, monacrosporium ambrosium (syn. fusarium ambrosium), in galleries located within stems of tea bushes. m. ambrosium is known to be the sole food source of tshb. six naphthoquinones produced during spore germination in a laboratory culture broth of m. ambrosium were is ... | 2018 | 29292470 |
| an emerging strategy for evaluating the grades of keemun black tea by combinatory liquid chromatography-orbitrap mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics and inhibition effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. | quantitative analysis and untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrum (lc-ms) based metabolomics of different grades of keemun black tea (kbt) were conducted. quantitative analysis did not show tight correlation between tea grades and contents of polyphenols, but untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that high-grades kbt were distinguished from the low-grades. s-plot and variable importance (vip) analysis gave 28 marker compounds responsible for the discrimination of different grades of k ... | 2018 | 29291881 |
| simplified recovery of enzymes and nutrients in sweet potato wastewater and preparing health black tea and theaflavins with scrap tea. | the industry discards generous organic wastewater in sweet potato starch factory and scrap tea in tea production. a simplified procedure to recover all biochemicals from the wastewater of sweet potato starch factory and use them to make health black tea and theaflavins from scrap green tea was developed. the sweet potato wastewater was sequentially treated by isoelectric precipitation, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration to recover polyphenol oxidase (ppo), β-amylase, and small molecular fraction ... | 2018 | 29287451 |
| contamination of tea and tea infusion with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. | the aim of this work was to validate the method of determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), i.e., benzo(a)pyrene and sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene in different types of tea, as well as to assess the transfer of these contaminants from tea to tea infusion. the research materials were popular types of black, green, red and white tea. quantitative and qualitative determination of pahs was performed by high performance liquid chromatogra ... | 2017 | 29283369 |
| comparative effect of camellia sinensis teas on object recognition test deficit and metabolic changes induced by cafeteria diet. | consumption of high-fat and high-sugar diets in western countries has increased significantly causing major global health problems including metabolic syndrome and obesity. in addition, studies have suggested that obesity can lead to learning and memory deficits. in this context, the use of natural compounds with low costs, minor side effects and increased antioxidant activity, such as teas, could reduce the damages induced by obesity. we investigated the effect of white, green, red, and black t ... | 2017 | 29280418 |
| shade changing effectiveness of plasdone and blue covarine-based whitening toothpaste on teeth stained with chlorhexidine and black tea. | this study evaluated the effectiveness of toothbrushing with whitening toothpaste in altering the shade of stained human enamel. | 2017 | 29279667 |
| green synthesis palladium nanoparticles mediated by white tea (camellia sinensis) extract with antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities toward the human leukemia (molt-4) cell line. | among nanoparticles used for medical applications, palladium nanoparticles (pdnps) are among the least investigated. this study was undertaken to develop pdnps by green synthesis using white tea (w.tea; camellia sinensis) extract to produce the pd@w.tea nps. the pd@w.tea nps were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometry, and evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (tem) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). the pd@w.tea nps were spherical (size 6-18 nm) and contain ... | 2017 | 29276385 |
| external morphology of the mouthparts and observations on behavior of tuckerella japonica on camellia sinensis in the continental usa. | tuckerella japonica ehara (acari: tetranychoidea: tuckerellidae) was found on stems of seedling plants of camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze (theaceae) in the continental usa. this mite is able to pierce exposed green periderm tissue with its paired stylets on 1- to 3- or 4-year-old stems where the outer bark had split longitudinally. the mite was not found on branches older than 3 or 4 years, where splitting diminished and, eventually, a uniform covering of bark was formed. the mouthparts of t. j ... | 2017 | 29255965 |
| effect of various teas on color stability of resin composites. | to investigate the effect of various teas on color stability of resin composites. | 2017 | 29251455 |
| an induced extrinsic tooth stain prevention model to investigate whitening potential of sugar-free chewing gums. | to establish an accelerated clinical test method to evaluate the effectiveness of sugar-free gums in prevention of the formation of extrinsic stains when chewed over a 2-week period in conjunction with daily tooth brushing. a secondary objective was to compare three methods for measuring extrinsic stain. | 2017 | 29251453 |
| two new species of <i>mycterothrips</i> (thysanoptera: thripidae) from southwestern china. | mycterothrips gongshanensis sp.n. and m. yelangi sp.n. are described from southwestern china. both species have been collected from tea (camellia sinensis), and m. gongshanensis sp.n. is a potential pest in tea gardens. an identification key is provided to the mycterothrips species recorded from china. | 2017 | 29245515 |
| metabolic characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase pathway involved in the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols in elite shuchazao tea (camellia sinensis) cultivar in the field. | anthocyanidin reductase (anr) is a key enzyme in the anr biosynthetic pathway of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins (pas) in plants. herein, we report characterization of the anr pathway of flavan-3-ols in shuchazao tea (camellia sinesis), which is an elite and widely grown cultivar in china and is rich in flavan-3-ols providing with high nutritional value to human health. in our study, metabolic profiling was preformed to identify two conjugates and four aglycones of flavan-3-ols: (-)-epigalloc ... | 2017 | 29244739 |
| antioxidative flavan-3-ol dimers from the leaves of camellia fangchengensis. | camellia fangchengensis liang et zhong, belonging to the genus camellia sect. thea (theaceae), is an endemic tea species to the south and southwest areas of guangxi province, people's republic of china. known as a wild tea plant, the leaves have been used for producing green tea or black tea by the local people of its growing area. hplc and lc-ms analysis showed the leaves contain oligomeric catechins as major phenolic components. further detailed phytochemical study led to the identification of ... | 2018 | 29232949 |
| molecular evidence for catechin synthesis and accumulation in tea buds (camellia sinensis). | early spring buds of the camellia sinensis variety shuchazao were separated into two parts, including the shoot tip (st) and non-expanded young leaves (yl), in which the synthesis and accumulation of catechins in the two parts were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (dmaca) staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr), and in situ hybridization. hplc showed that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) and (-)-epicatechin ... | 2018 | 29227650 |
| comparison of the effects of three tea cultivars (camellia sinensis l.) on nitric oxide production and aortic soluble guanylate cyclase expression in high-salt diet-fed spontaneously hypertensive rats. | studies have suggested that the consumption of green tea reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. although epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is the best studied active substance characteristic of green tea, previous results on egcg do not appear sufficient to explain completely the mechanism of cardiovascular protection by green tea. therefore, we investigated the effect of three different tea cultivars, "yabukita," "sofu," and "sunrouge," which have characteristic flavonoid compositions, on t ... | 2017 | 29225315 |
| comparative analysis of the response and gene regulation in cold resistant and susceptible tea plants. | cold environment is the main constraint for tea plants (camellia sinensis) distribution and tea farming. we identified two tea cultivars, called var. sinensis cv. shuchazao (scz) with a high cold-tolerance and var. assamica cv. yinghong9 (yh9) with low cold-tolerance. to better understand the response mechanism of tea plants under cold stress for improving breeding, we compared physiological and biochemical responses, and associated genes expression in response to 7-day and 14-day cold acclimati ... | 2017 | 29211766 |
| tracking residual organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in green, herbal, and black tea leaves and infusions of commercially available tea products marketed in poland. | the content of residual organochlorine pesticides (ocps) was examined in green, herbal, and black tea leaves as well as in their infusions prepared from tea products marketed in the main supermarkets in poland. it was found that the detected mean levels of organochlorine residues in tea leaves ranged from <lod to 16.36 ng g-1 dry weight. among hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, γ-hch in green tea occurred in the highest concentrations. among dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) metabolites the high ... | 2017 | 29210611 |
| an in vitro study to compare the effect of different types of tea with chlorhexidine on streptococcusmutans. | tea is the second most commonly consumed beverage in the world after water. the leaf and bud of the plant camellia sinensis produces tea. the different forms of tea are 'non-fermented' green tea, 'semi-fermented' oolong tea and 'fermented' black tea according to the manufacturing process. streptococcus mutans is the main causative organism in dental caries and plaque formation. | 2017 | 29207823 |
| development of a rapid and simple method to remove polyphenols from plant extracts. | polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants, which are responsible for prevention of many diseases. polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (pvpp) has a high affinity towards polyphenols. this method involves the use of pvpp column to remove polyphenols under centrifugal force. standards of gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, vanillin, and tea extracts (camellia sinensis) were used in this study. pvpp powder was packed in a syringe with different quantities. the test samples were layered over the pvpp c ... | 2017 | 29201056 |
| pre-treated theaflavin-3,3'-digallate has a higher inhibitory effect on the hct116 cell line. | the pro-apoptotic and inhibitory effects of the aflavin-3,3'-digallate (tfdg), which is the typical pigment in black tea, have been demonstrated in many cancer cell lines. however, tfdg is not stable in general culture conditions. so, to what extent tfdg or which degradation products of tfdg play an antitumor role is still unclear. in this study, we evaluated the effect of different treatments of tfdg on hct116 cells. compared with the control, both tfdg and o-tfdg (the tfdg that was pre-incubat ... | 2017 | 29200992 |
| radiocesium uptake through leaf surfaces of tea plants (camellia sinensis l.). | to clarify the source of radiocesium detected in newly emerged tea leaves contaminated just before the time of bud opening by fallout of radionuclides from fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant, 137cscl solution (0.185 m bq ml-1) was applied to the front or the backside surfaces of mature leaves of tea plant (camellia sinensis l. cv. yabukita) at the time of bud opening. a 21 days after foliar application, the buds had grown and developed to the three- or four-leaf stage. in the front treatment ... | 2018 | 29197749 |
| functional foods and lifestyle approaches for diabetes prevention and management. | functional foods contain biologically active ingredients associated with physiological health benefits for preventing and managing chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm). a regular consumption of functional foods may be associated with enhanced anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin sensitivity, and anti-cholesterol functions, which are considered integral to prevent and manage t2dm. components of the mediterranean diet (md)-such as fruits, vegetables, oily fish, olive oil, ... | 2017 | 29194424 |
| antibacterial activity of polyphenolic fraction of kombucha against vibrio cholerae: targeting cell membrane. | the present study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of antibacterial activity of a polyphenolic fraction, composed of mainly catechin and isorhamnetin, previously isolated from kombucha, a 14-day fermented beverage of sugared black tea, against the enteropathogen vibrio cholerae n16961. bacterial growth was found to be seriously impaired by the polyphenolic fraction in a dose-dependent manner. scanning electron microscopy demonstrated morphological alterations in bacterial cells when exp ... | 2018 | 29193174 |
| cellular injury to 1- to 3+-year-old stems of camellia sinensis by tuckerella japonica. | tuckerella japonica ehara (acari: tuckerellidae) feeds on predigested plant cells beneath exposed periderm tissue of 1- to 3+-year-old stems of camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze (theaceae) where longitudinal bark splitting occurs. control samples from these tissues were compared with areas fed upon by t. japonica adults and immatures to characterize types of cellular injury. stylet diameters ranged from 1.6 to 2.3 µm and were consistent with observed stylet punctures in the stems. mite saliva was ... | 2017 | 29188400 |
| influence of particle size and extraction solvent on antioxidant properties of extracts of tea, ginger, and tea-ginger blend. | the influence of particle size and extraction solvent on the antioxidant properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of tea (camellia sinensis), ginger (zingiber officinale), and tea-ginger (2:1) blend was investigated. the powder sizes studied were 0.425, 0.710, and 1.180 mm. extracts were analyzed for dpph radical scavenging activity, abts radical scavenging activity, total phenol content (tpc), iron chelating activity, total flavonoid content, and peroxide scavenging activity. the powder wit ... | 2017 | 29188046 |
| nutritional supplements and herbal medicines for women with polycystic ovary syndrome; a systematic review and meta-analysis. | polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is a common, reproductive endocrinopathy associated with serious short and long term health risks. many women with pcos use ingestible complementary medicines. this systematic review examined the effect on menstrual regulation and adverse effects from randomised controlled trials. | 2017 | 29178904 |
| colletotrichum gloeosporioides- contaminated tea infusion blocks lipids reduction and induces kidney damage in mice. | when the homogenate of fresh tea tree leaves was fermented to produce black tea beverage, the colletotrichum gloeosporioides (main pathogen or endophyte of camellia sinensis) may be mixed into the fermentation liquor. however, it was unclear whether c. gloeosporioides-contaminated tea beverage would damage human health. therefore, we investigated the changes of functional components and the influences on mice. c. gloeosporioides was added to the green tea infusion. after cultivation of 48 h, tea ... | 2017 | 29163391 |
| functional analysis of an uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of polyphenolic glucoside in tea plants (camellia sinensis). | polyphenols are one of the largest groups of compounds that confer benefits to the health of plants and humans. flavonol glycosides are a major ingredient of polyphenols in camellia sinensis. flavonol-3-o-glycosides are characteristic astringent taste compounds in tea infusion. a polyphenolic glycosyltransferase (csugt72am1) belonging to cluster iiib was isolated from the tea plant. the full-length cdna of csugt72am1 is 1416 bp. it encodes 472 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 50.9 ... | 2017 | 29161813 |
| functional characterization of salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase from camellia sinensis, providing the aroma compound of methyl salicylate during the withering process of white tea. | methyl salicylate (mesa) is one of the volatile organic compounds (vocs) that releases floral scent and plays an important role in the sweet flowery aroma of tea. during the withering process for white tea producing, mesa was generated by salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (samt) with salicylic acid (sa), and the specific floral scent was formed. in this study, we first cloned a cssamt from tea leaves (genbank accession no. mg459470) and used escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae ... | 2017 | 29160698 |
| identification of drought-responsive mirnas and physiological characterization of tea plant (camellia sinensis l.) under drought stress. | drought stress is one of the major natural challenges in the main tea-producing regions of china. the tea plant (camellia sinensis) is a traditional beverage plant whose growth status directly affects tea quality. recent studies have revealed that micrornas (mirnas) play key functions in plant growth and development. although some mirnas have been identified in c. sinensis, little is known about their roles in the drought stress response of tea plants. | 2017 | 29157225 |
| comparative proteomics reveals the physiological differences between winter tender shoots and spring tender shoots of a novel tea (camellia sinensis l.) cultivar evergrowing in winter. | a recently discovered tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] cultivar can generate tender shoots in winter. we performed comparative proteomics to analyze the differentially accumulated proteins between winter and spring tender shoots of this clonal cultivar to reveal the physiological basis of its evergrowing character during winter. | 2017 | 29157222 |
| genome-wide identification of conserved and novel micrornas in one bud and two tender leaves of tea plant (camellia sinensis) by small rna sequencing, microarray-based hybridization and genome survey scaffold sequences. | micrornas (mirnas) are important for plant growth and responses to environmental stresses via post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. tea, which is primarily produced from one bud and two tender leaves of the tea plant (camellia sinensis), is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages worldwide owing to its abundance of secondary metabolites. a large number of mirnas have been identified in various plants, including non-model species. however, due to the lack of reference genome ... | 2017 | 29157210 |
| phenolic compounds as natural and multifunctional anti-obesity agents: a review. | prevalence of obesity worldwide has reached pandemic proportions. despite the increasing evidence in the implication of phenolic compounds in obesity management, the real effect is not completely understood. the available in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the implication of phenolic compounds in: lowering food intake, decreasing lipogenesis, increasing lipolysis, stimulating fatty acids β-oxidation, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and growth, attenuating inflammatory responses ... | 2017 | 29156939 |
| modulatory effects of green tea extract against the hepatotoxic effects of 4-nonylphenol in catfish (clarias gariepinus). | the antioxidant role of the green tea (camellia sinensis) extract (gte) was examined to remedy the toxic effects of (0.2mgl-1) 4-nonylphenol(4-np). biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, liver lipid peroxidation (lpo), dna fragmentation, and apoptosis as well as histopathology of liver of african catfish clarias gariepinus were considered. catfishes were divided into four groups: first group (control), second group (0.2mgl-1 of 4-np), third group (0.2mgl-1of 4-np +100mg gte l-1water), and ... | 2018 | 29156308 |
| digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota. | in the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of camellia sinensis (tfps) by human gut microbiota were investigated. the results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on tfps, while tfps could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fer ... | 2017 | 29143827 |
| antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ilex guayusa tea preparations: a comparison to camellia sinensis teas. | ilex guayusa tea preparations are now commercially available as runa tea. little is known regarding the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of this tea. the i. guayusa teas had a total polyphenolic content between 54.39 and 67.23 mg gae per g dry mass and peroxyl radical scavenging capacities between 1773.41 and 2019 μmol te per g dry mass, nearly half of that for the camellia sinensis teas. the i. guayusa teas afforded 60-80% protection from oxidative stress in the caco-2 cellular a ... | 2017 | 29134218 |
| functional characterization of epitheaflagallin 3-o-gallate generated in laccase-treated green tea extracts in the presence of gallic acid. | epitheaflagallin (etfg) and epitheaflagallin 3-o-gallate (etfgg) are minor polyphenols in black tea extract that are enzymatically synthesized from epigallocatechin (egc) and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), respectively, in green tea extract via laccase oxidation in the presence of gallic acid. the constituents of laccase-treated green tea extract in the presence of gallic acid are thus quite different from those of nonlaccase-treated green tea extract: egc and egcg are present in lower concent ... | 2017 | 29131612 |