| effects of certain ayurvedic preparations on the multiplication of m. leprae in mouse foot-pads. | | 1984 | 6398346 |
| characterization of mycobacterium leprae by lipid analysis. | the lipid composition of the leprosy bacillus, harvested from experimentally infected nine-banded armadillos, strongly supports it status as a distinct species of the genus mycobacterium. phthiocerol dimycocerosate waxes and glycosylated phenophthiocerol dimycocerosates are distinct from those characterised from a number of other mycobacteria. the polar lipids of a single isolate lack diacylated forms of phosphatidylinositol di- and pentamannosides, lipids usually found in most mycobacteria. a s ... | 1984 | 6398576 |
| lipids as taxonomic markers for bacteria derived from leprosy infections. | lipid analysis allows the specific detection of m. leprae among various other bacteria isolated from leprosy lesions. in this report mycolates and glycolipid compositions were used for such a discrimination. comparative studies of the lipid composition of tissue fragments from different organs of experimentally infected armadillos, and of cultivable strains isolated from these tissues showed that the last ones did not multiply extensively in the tissues of the animals. | 1984 | 6398577 |
| dna from mycobacterium leprae. | the cell walls of mycobacteria resisting all enzymatic and chemical methods for solubilization, good quality dna require that they are converted into spheroplasts before extraction. mycobacterium leprae cannot grow in laboratory media, spheroplasts cannot be induced, and therefore the bacteria must be ruptured using physical methods. in these investigations m. leprae was disrupted by sonication. the dna isolated from sonicated m. smegmatis and sonicated purified dna isolated from m. smegmatis sp ... | 1984 | 6398578 |
| classification and identification of mycobacterium leprae. | | 1984 | 6398579 |
| propionibacterium, corynebacterium, mycobacterium and lepra bacilli. | evidence is presented which suggests that certain key markers of lepra bacilli reside collectively in proprionibacterium acnes, corynebacterium tuberculostearicum and mycobacterium leprae. the unrestricted replication of mycobacterium leprae depends most probably upon the presence of an immune-deficiency-inducing viral agent or possibly on the combined effects of the organisms considered. | 1984 | 6398580 |
| liberated intracellular pathogen--leprosy model. | thirty-three mycobacterial strains, 30 by culture and 3 directly from tissues, isolated from lepromatous leprosy and leprosy infected armadillos, were compared by numerial taxonomy and by antibodies from lepromatous patients. an additional 17 strains of the m-a-i-s complex were similarly compared and all strains were compared by rabbit antibodies induced by tissue bacilli from armadillos from culture hz-15 and by members of the m-a-i-s complex. the results are discussed in terms of the identific ... | 1984 | 6398581 |
| macrophage interaction with mycobacteria including m. leprae. | resistance properties of pathogenic mycobacteria to macrophage bactericidal activity seems to be due mostly to the composition and constitution of their cell walls. in the case of mycobacterium tuberculosis, sulfatides and polyglutamic acid could be implicated in the phenomenon of fusion inhibition between phagosomes and lysosomes. m. leprae and m. lepraemurium, which do not seem to inhibit fusions are protected by a thick electron transparent zone (etz) that seems to be composed of mycosides. t ... | 1984 | 6398582 |
| cytochemical characterization of mycobacterial outer surfaces. | a cytochemical study of mycobacterial outer surfaces was carried out on both pathogenic (m. leprae, m. avium) and non pathogenic (m. aurum) strains. different cytochemical markers were used: ruthenium red, concanavalin a, wheat germ agglutinin, colloidal iron and cationized ferritin. the cytochemical staining pattern varied according to the species studied. the relationship between outer surface properties of mycobacteria and their capacity of adhesion to or ingestion by bone marrow macrophages ... | 1984 | 6398583 |
| freeze-etching and freeze-fracture structural features of cell envelopes in mycobacteria and leprosy derived corynebacteria. | the structural properties of the cell wall and cell membrane of several mycobacteria and of leprosy derived corynebacteria are investigated by freeze-etching and freeze-fracture. in all cases the freeze-fracture split the cell wall in two asymmetric halves. the cell wall fracture faces of the mycobacteria are characterized by a filamentous network which vary with respect to the amount and complexity among microorganism of the same species and even more of different species. in ldc the structure ... | 1984 | 6398584 |
| macrophage activity in mycobacterium leprae infection. | the outcome of an m. leprae infection is likely to depend upon the balance between the invading organism and the host's immune response. macrophages are known to play a major role in this response and because m. leprae is an intracellular parasite, being found commonly in the macrophages of infected hosts, we have attempted to examine the macrophage/m. leprae relationship. our model has been the athymic nude mouse which has been shown to be susceptible to lepromatous infection but whose macropha ... | 1984 | 6398585 |
| phagocytosis of mycobacterium leprae and m. avium by armadillo lung fibroblasts and kidney epithelial cells. | in vitro cell cultures of lung fibroblasts and kidney epithelial cells were established from a freshly killed armadillo and were inoculated with mycobacterium leprae. lung fibroblasts were also inoculated with m. avium. phagocytosis was allowed for 6 h at an input of about 50 bacilli/cell, and the ultrastructure was then studied at 24 and 48 hours, and 4, 7 and 10 days. following observations were made: 1. armadillo cells could be maintained for nearly 3 months. 2. both lung fibroblasts and kidn ... | 1984 | 6398586 |
| growth characteristics of mycobacterium leprae. | | 1984 | 6398587 |
| correlation viability/morphology in mycobacterium leprae. | the present study regards the correlation between the percent of viable m. leprae (as determined by the mouse foot pad technique) and the quantitative ultrastructural analysis of m. leprae cells in 6 armadillo's samples and 1 nude mouse foot pad. the quantitative ultrastructural study of 3 ll patients and 1 m. leprae-infected nude mouse was correlated to the morphological index. the results show that most m. leprae cells with continuous undeformed cell walls, continuous symmetric membranes, ribo ... | 1984 | 6398588 |
| cultivation of m. leprae. | a peculiar yeast-like microorganism, isolated from leprous lesions, was discovered to produce the growth promoting factor for m. leprae. from the mass culture of this organism, the oil substance stimulating m. leprae growth was extracted with hot acid ethanol and purified using organic solvents. the final product was considered to be a kind of siderophore. when inoculating m. leprae on the special solid medium, contained chemically defined materials and supplemented with the growth factor, and i ... | 1984 | 6398589 |
| a comparative study of four rodent systems to monitor initial therapy of lepromatous leprosy: in search of a more sensitive system to assess bacterial viability. | | 1984 | 6398591 |
| experimental leprosy in the armadillo and nude mice: comparative histobacteriology and ultrastructure. | in last 14 years, armadillo has proved an ideal animal model for studying experimental leprosy and mass production of mycobacterium leprae. however recently a number of groups working with nude mice have claimed its ability as a better experimental model as far as leprosy research and production of leprosy bacilli is concerned. we therefore decided to compare experimental m. leprae infection of both armadillo and nude mice. we compared the degree of infection as well as the physiological and mor ... | 1984 | 6398592 |
| occurrence of antigen bcg 60 in leprosy derived corynebacteria and other coryneforms. | previous studies have shown that anti bcg 60 monoclonal antibody could recognize major antigen a 7 of m. leprae. in the present investigation we attempted to search the presence of the same antigen from the strains of leprosy derived corynebacteria (ldc+), which were isolated from leprosy lesions and were supposed to be the cultivable form of the leprosy bacillus. a comparative study was equally performed on 7 strains of corynebacteria which were isolated in france and had no relation with lepro ... | 1984 | 6398594 |
| concentration-dependent effects of mycobacteria on the stimulation of murine t-cell clones. | m. leprae produced concentration-dependent bimodal effects in cultures of m. leprae-immune lymphocytes. at low to intermediate concentrations, m. leprae and other species of mycobacteria stimulated lymphoproliferation of m. leprae t-helper cell clones, whereas at high concentrations responses were reduced. lymphokine production by m. leprae-immune t-cell hybridomas also showed bimodal responses to different concentrations of m. leprae. these results indicate that mycobacterial antigen may direct ... | 1984 | 6398595 |
| antibodies to mycobacterium leprae detected by enzyme linked (elisa) and radio (ria) immunoassay: comparison among families with leprosy patients. | | 1984 | 6398597 |
| igm antibodies against phenolic glycolipid i from mycobacterium leprae in leprosy sera: relationship to bacterial index and erythema nodosum leprosum. | serum igm antibodies against mycobacterium leprae-derived phenolic glycolipid i (pg) were determined in 121 leprosy patients, in contacts and controls by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. anti-pg igm levels correlated with disease classification, increasing from the tuberculoid towards the lepromatous pole of the disease spectrum. there was a linear correlation between serum igm pg-antibody levels and bacillary index (bi), a measure of bacterial load. elevated anti-pg igm in bacill ... | 1984 | 6398598 |
| proceedings of the who--esm--sfm joint meeting on mycobacterium leprae. institut pasteur, june 12-14, 1984. | | 1984 | 6398602 |
| host-grown mycobacterium leprae: a credible microorganism. | in this paper recent advances in knowledge of the following aspects of mycobacterium leprae will be reviewed: animal sources, ultrastructure, lipid composition, wall structure, molecular biology, metabolic capabilities and measurement of viability. it will be proposed that isolated from infected tissues are consistent, that is they share chemical and biochemical features although originating from many parts of the world, are unique, that is they have properties possessed by no other microorganis ... | 1984 | 6398603 |
| "drug-resistant proportion test" for m. leprae to quantify the proportion of drug-resistant m. leprae in a sample using the mouse foot pad. | the mouse foot pad test has not previously been used quantitatively to discriminate between samples of mycobacterium leprae with differing proportions of drug-resistant m. leprae. the "drug-resistant proportion test" is a simple modification of the routine mouse foot pad test. it is demonstrated to distinguish between samples of m. leprae with a tenfold difference in the proportion of dapsone-resistant m. leprae. | 1984 | 6399066 |
| primary dapsone-resistant leprosy in san francisco. | the dapsone sensitivity of strains of mycobacterium leprae from 54 multibacilliferous untreated leprosy patients presenting to the united states public health service hospital in san francisco, california, u.s.a., from 1978 to 1981 was studied by mouse foot pad inoculation. m. leprae from 53 patients were found fully sensitive to dapsone. m. leprae from one patient were resistant to only the lowest dietary level of dapsone, 0.0001%, since growth of the bacilli was inhibited by higher and clinica ... | 1984 | 6399067 |
| abortive infection of mycobacterium leprae by the mycobacteriophage d29. | the interactions of mycobacteriophage d29 and mycobacterium leprae were examined. it was demonstrated that after adsorption d29 injected its dna in m. leprae. while the synthesis of host proteins and lipids were inhibited in m. tuberculosis and in m. smegmatis during infection by d29, the results were inconclusive in the case of m. leprae because these bacteria did not incorporate the appropriate substrates. | 1984 | 6399068 |
| wall biosynthesis: a possible site of action for new antimycobacterial drugs. | | 1984 | 6399069 |
| six cases of dapsone-resistant tuberculoid leprosy. | | 1984 | 6399070 |
| activity of cycloserine and structurally related compounds against m. leprae-infected mice. | | 1984 | 6399071 |
| mycobacterium x identified as mycobacterium avium intracellulare (probably mixed with m. leprae in early subcultures) | | 1984 | 6399072 |
| in vitro cultivation of mycobacterium x from mycobacterium leprae infected tissues in propane-tetradecane medium (a preliminary communication). | host grown mycobacterium leprae and cultures of mycobacterium x, cultivated from m. leprae infected armadillo and human specimens, were inoculated into propane and propane-tetradecane media. the media contained in one litre distilled water kh2po4, 7 g; na2hpo4, 0.5 g; (nh4)2so4, 2 g; mgso4, 0.1 g; ferric ammonium citrate, 20 mg and yeast extract (difco), 0.1 g. twenty ml media, distributed into each of 50 ml screw cap tubes, were inoculated with the bacilli and bubbled aseptically for 10 s with ... | 1984 | 6399185 |
| [observation of antileprotic drug resistance]. | | 1984 | 6399285 |
| mode of action of sulphones. | | 1984 | 6399286 |
| trials of culturing of mycobacterium leprae using media enriched with thyroid hormones. | | 1983 | 6400163 |
| in vitro effect of mycobacterium leprae suspensions on the polymorphonuclear neutrophils function of hanseniasis patients to candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis. | the in vitro effect of mycobacterium leprae suspensions on the pmn ability to phagocytizing and killing candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis was studied in forty-five patients of hansen's disease and in fifteen healthy controls. our results show no significative differences between the different studied groups, both for the phagocytosis and for the lysis of yeasts. there was no significant changes in the mean values of these functions after previous or simultaneously incubation with myc ... | 1984 | 6400664 |
| mouse foot pad technique for evaluation of drug resistance of m. leprae and other laboratory techniques to be used in leprosy control programmes. | there is no need for mouse foot pad facilities for drug sensitivity testing to start leprosy control programmes, since the size of the problem is known. there will however be a need for some mouse foot pad work in later stages, to document relapse cases and test relapse strains for drug sensitivity. arrangements should be made to ship such specimens to existing laboratories. there is more need however for facilities for monitoring drug intake. finally, where nonexistant, there may be incidentall ... | 1983 | 6401137 |
| the bacteriology of mycobacterium leprae. | | 1983 | 6405519 |
| serological activity of a characteristic phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium leprae in sera from patients with leprosy and tuberculosis. | serological activity against a purified phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium leprae, which may be obtained in large amounts from m. leprae infected armadillo liver, was investigated using immunodiffusion and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). generally a good correlation was obtained between these techniques, but the elisa was more sensitive and convenient. relatively high igg and igm anti-glycolipid antibody levels were found in lepromatous leprosy patients. the antibody titres to ... | 1983 | 6407793 |
| isolation of a characteristic phthiocerol dimycocerosate from mycobacterium leprae. | a characteristic mycobacterial wax, phthiocerol dimycocerosate, has been isolated from liver of armadillos experimentally infected with mycobacterium leprae. the structure of this wax is generally similar to that produced by mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the homologous phthiocerol and the mycocerosic acid components from m. leprae are significantly different from those of m. tuberculosis. | 1983 | 6409988 |
| demonstration of mycobacterial antigens in nerve biopsies from leprosy patients using peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoenzyme technique. | peripheral nerve biopsies from patients with leprosy were stained with anti-mycobacterium bovis (bcg) in a peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) system to demonstrate intraneural mycobacterial antigens. most m. leprae antigens have been shown to cross-react with bcg. of the 30 biopsies from borderline tuberculoid (bt) patients 18 had acid-fast bacilli while 26 of them had demonstrable mycobacterial antigens in their nerves. all borderline lepromatous (bl) and lepromatous leprosy (ll) nerve biopsies ha ... | 1983 | 6416726 |
| defective gamma interferon production in leprosy. reversal with antigen and interleukin 2. | antigen and mitogen-induced gamma interferon (gamma-ifn) production was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 34 leprosy patients. 17 of 18 lepromatous leprosy and borderline lepromatous patients (ll and bl) failed to release gamma-ifn in response to specific antigen (mycobacterium leprae) and displayed reduced responses to mitogen (concanavalin a) stimulation. in contrast, cells from six tuberculoid and borderline tuberculoid patients (tt and bt) produced considerable levels of gam ... | 1983 | 6417263 |
| utilization of indole compounds by cryptococcus neoformans to produce a melanin-like pigment. | several indoles served as substrates for the phenoloxidase of cryptococcus neoformans and resulted in the production of a melanin-like pigment. in general, a higher percentage of c. neoformans var. neoformans (a and d serotypes) isolates could produce pigment from indoles than could those of var. gattii (b and c serotypes). only compounds with a hydroxyl or an amino group on the phenyl ring produced pigment; methoxy, nitro, methyl, and fluorine substituents on the phenyl ring were inactive, as w ... | 1983 | 6418759 |
| fernandez and mitsuda reactivity in guinea pigs sensitized with heat-killed mycobacterium leprae: persistence and specificity of skin reactivity to soluble and particulate antigens. | guinea pigs were sensitized with 500 micrograms dry weight of heat-killed mycobacterium leprae, m. tuberculosis h37rv, m. vaccae, or m. nonchromogenicum suspended in saline. significant fernandez (peak swelling at 48 hr) and mitsuda (peaking at 21 days) reactions were observed when all four groups of animals were skin tested with 10 micrograms of the homologous whole-cell antigen (wca) preparations one month after sensitization. some of the guinea pigs were given a booster injection of the homol ... | 1983 | 6423556 |
| ultrastructural characterization of normal and damaged membranes of mycobacterium leprae and of cultivable mycobacteria. | microdensitometry showed that the membrane profiles of normal cultivable mycobacteria were very asymmetric (outer layer denser and thicker than the inner layer), while the profiles of normal-looking m. leprae in lepromatous patients, in experimentally infected armadillos and in nude mice were approximately symmetric; moreover, the membrane of m. leprae was thicker than that of cultivable species. using two cytochemical methods for the ultrastructural detection of periodic acid-schiff (pas)-posit ... | 1984 | 6427399 |
| occasional review--hla and leprosy: a re-evaluation. | | 1984 | 6431213 |
| [change in cell-mediated immunity to mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium marinum in hansen's disease patients]. | the cell mediated immunity (cmi) to protein purified derivates of mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium marinum was studied. leukocyte migration inhibition (lmi) and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to these antigens were examined in 44 hanseniasis patients (20 quiescent virchowians, 13 reactional virchowians and 11 tuberculoid patients) and 15 healthy subjects. an impairment in lmi and delayed hypersensitivity tests to m. leprae and m. ma ... | 1983 | 6432692 |
| dopa-oxidase activity on icrc bacilli. | presence of o-phenoloxidase is regarded as m. leprae specific character. this enzyme activity was found to be present in icrc bacilli, strain c-44. though this strain is cultivable 'in vitro', the expression of dopa-oxidase activity strongly suggests that it carries m. leprae genome. the icrc bacilli, therefore, may thus from a group of m. leprae culture isolates, distinct from other known cultivable mycobacteria which do not possess this enzyme activity. | 1984 | 6434641 |
| [sensitivity and specificity of fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (fla-abs) test for detecting subclinical infection by mycobacterium leprae]. | | 1984 | 6437637 |
| antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and the dawn of a new era in the control of infection. | literature reports concerned with monoclonal antibodies against bacteria, or their toxins, which are pathogens for man and animals were surveyed. these antibodies have important potential uses in human and veterinary pathology and medicine. they are likely to become key elements in a fast progression toward a more complete understanding and control of infectious diseases and of toxin poisoning. a new area of bacteriology relevant to sanitary engineering is also being advanced with the help of an ... | 1984 | 6438759 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. bovis (bcg) and m. leprae. | thirty-two monoclonal antibodies (moab) to mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv, m. bovis bcg and m. leprae were produced. the spleen cells of balb/c mice immunized with sonicated or intact bacilli were fused with sp2/0-ag-14 myeloma cells. many more antibody producing hybridomas were found when m. tuberculosis, rather than m. leprae, was used as the immunogen. the moab were characterized by an enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescence on 16 mycobacterial species. the sodium dodecylsulphate polyacry ... | 1984 | 6439449 |
| skin-test sensitisation by tubercle bacilli and by other mycobacteria in ethiopian school-children. | quadruple skin-testing with a range of 22 new tuberculins and ppd-rt23 was carried out on 665 school-children without bcg scars and 666 with bcg scars, in and around the towns of butajira and hosana in shoa district of ethiopia. marked differences in patterns of sensitisation were distinguished between the 5 schools visited. in general, mycobacterium chitae, m. diernhoferi, m. kansasii and m. vaccae were common sensitising agents in all schools, m. avium subspecies brunense, m. gilvum, m. rhodes ... | 1984 | 6440324 |
| experimental leprosy in nonhuman primates. | | 1984 | 6441464 |
| anti-leprosy vaccines--field trials and future prospects. | development of a vaccine for prevention of leprosy is today one of the major challenges for bio-medical sciences. two vaccines containing (i) m. leprae + bcg and (ii) icrc, a cultivable mycobacterium, have reached advanced stage with reference to human trials. this article describes comparative features of two vaccines and mechanism of their action. future possibilities with reference to anti-leprosy vaccine are also discussed. | 1984 | 6442720 |
| immunological properties of m. leprae culture isolates icrc bacilli: hypothesis on relationship between m. leprae and ml-culture isolates. | the m. leprae-culture isolate, being a culture, is identified by biochemical criteria. majority belong to either m. avium-intracellulare-scrofulacieum complex, or corynobacterium group. the identification is also determined by serological methods using soluble sonicates. skin tests with heat-killed suspension often give positive mitsuda response and hence the isolates are discarded as non-m. leprae. the data on icrc strains show that dharmendra type antigen prepared from icrc bacilli compares ve ... | 1984 | 6442820 |
| further observations on the mycobacteriophage d29-mycobacterial interactions. | | 1984 | 6442822 |
| effect of mycobacterium leprae on lymphocyte proliferation: suppression of mitogen and antigen responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | evidence is presented that mycobacterium leprae suppresses the in vitro proliferative response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) to antigen and mitogen. lymphoproliferation induced by ppd or alloantigen stimulation was inhibited by concentrations of m. leprae which were not cytotoxic for lymphoblasts. in contrast, the inhibition of mitogen-stimulated pbm was seen only at higher concentrations of m. leprae which proved to be cytotoxic for lymphoblasts. the inhibitory effect was fo ... | 1980 | 6449337 |
| natural suppressor cells in human leprosy: the role of hla-d-identical peripheral lymphocytes and macrophages in the in vitro modulation of lymphoproliferative responses. | six families with hla-d-identical siblings suffering from leprosy were studied. lymphocytes and macrophages isolated from the peripheral blood were co-cultured with allogeneic, hla-d-identical cells and stimulated with m. leprae antigens and concanavalin a. tuberculoid patients had circulating lymphocytes which showed marked functional suppression of lymphoproliferative responses to antigen and mitogen. in contrast, lepromatous patients showed weak lymphocyte suppressor activity. macrophages der ... | 1980 | 6451335 |
| hypothesis: do phases of immunosuppression during a mycobacterium leprae infection determine the leprosy spectrum? | | 1981 | 6454034 |
| inhibition of the proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mycobacterial or fungal antigens by co-stimulation with antigens from various mycobacterial species. | soluble antigen preparations from mycobacterium leprae are reported to inhibit the response to other stimuli, of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lepromatous leprosy cases (bl/ll) and also from tuberculoid cases (tt/bl) and normal donors. we confirm these findings and in addition, report that a similar suppressive effect is exerted by antigen from mycobacterium vaccae, mycobacterium nonchromogenicum and, to a lesser extent, mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobactyerium kansasii. moreover, ... | 1981 | 6459289 |
| prothionamide and prothionamide-s-oxide in experimental leprosy. | | 1981 | 6459296 |
| freeze-fracture observations of the cell walls and peribacillary substances of various mycobacteria. | ultrastructure of the cell wall and peribacillary substances of various mycobacteria (32 strains of 18 species) grown in vitro was studied by a freeze-fracture technique. peribacillary substances differed in shape among species and even among strains of the same species, and were classified into five types: (1) amorphous substances; (2) multi-layered sheaths with no filamentous units; (3) structures composed of filaments of 2-4 nm diameter, which were further classified into three subtypes accor ... | 1984 | 6470664 |
| immunization against leprosy: progress and prospects. | the complex biology of the leprosy organism, the course of the disease, and the atypical human immune response to both vaccination and infection by mycobacterium leprae are reviewed. since the 1960s several trials of vaccination with bcg, the tuberculosis-causing mycobacterium related to the leprosy organism, have showed varied degrees of protection against leprosy. in the 1970s, m. leprae was grown for the first time, in captured wild armadillos, so material is now available for vaccine trial ... | 1984 | 6509251 |
| description of corynebacterium tuberculostearicum sp. nov., a leprosy-derived corynebacterium. | leprosy-derived corynebacteria (ldc) have been extensively studied over the past decade. a composite of their biological properties (cell morphology, staining reactions, cellular inclusions and guanine-plus-cytosine content of their deoxyribonucleic acid; 16 strains studied) and their chemical structures (peptidoglycan type, major cell wall polysaccharide, major glycolipid as well as characteristic mycolic acids) appears to define them as members of the genus corynebacterium. in relation to othe ... | 1984 | 6532280 |
| production and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody recognizing a shared mycobacterial polysaccharide. | an igm monoclonal antibody specific for mycobacterial arabinomannan was produced by the fusion of splenocytes from balb/c mice immunized with purified arabinomannan with nsi/1 myeloma cells. specificity was demonstrated by gel-radioimmunoassay, and by inhibition of binding using the purified polysaccharide. the monoclonal antibody recognized the arabinomannans from all 18 species of mycobacteria tested, including mycobacterium leprae. this antibody expands the number of defined mycobacterial ant ... | 1984 | 6535819 |
| salivary immunoglobulins and antibody activities in leprosy. | the technics of immunodiffusion and the fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (fla-abs) test were used to determine the levels of immunoglobulins and their antibody activities against mycobacterium leprae in the serum and the saliva collected from a total of 110 patients with leprosy (50 lepromatous, 24 borderline, and 36 tuberculoid). the average levels of serum igg, igm, and iga were not significantly different among these patients. in saliva, however, igm was detected in only two cases with ... | 1984 | 6541202 |
| ultrastructure of sciatic nerve of armadillo infected with mycobacterium leprae. | ultrastructural observation of sciatic nerves from eight armadillos were made. six animals had intravenous inoculation of m. leprae, one had of foot pad, while one had natural leprosy. the available nerves were biopsied at various time sequence ranging from five weeks to twenty four months. semithin sections did not reveal any neuropathy. ultrastructurally perineurium was thick and endoneurial collagen was increased. initially demyelination of non-myelinated fibres was seen in all nerves irrespe ... | 1984 | 6549323 |
| a test of nonrandom segregation. | within a family, associations between a disease and a marker locus are often inferred when affected offspring share marker alleles more often than is expected by chance. generally, this is due to nonrandom parental transmission of marker alleles and specifically could be due to linkage, epistatic gene action, or segregation distortion at the marker locus. in this paper, we discuss the statistical properties of a general test of nonrandom segregation of a marker gene. the exact probability distri ... | 1984 | 6599403 |
| amyloidosis and the serum amyloid a protein response to muramyl dipeptide analogs and different mycobacterial species. | serum amyloid a protein (saa) elevation accompanies induction of secondary amyloidosis in mice given mycobacterium butyricum in freund adjuvant. the synthesis of saa by cultured hepatocytes is induced by a macrophage-derived mediator, which has been identified as interleukin 1. in these studies, saa synthesis has been used as an index of macrophage activation to examine the in vivo response of mice to challenge with seven different mycobacteria and with synthetic analogs of the immunoadjuvant n- ... | 1983 | 6601620 |
| t-cell conditioned media reverse t-cell unresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy. | in some subjects the infective agent of leprosy, mycobacterium leprae, causes disseminated (lepromatous) disease. such subjects have a major role in the transmission of the disease and show deficient t-cell responses both in vivo and in vitro to m. leprae, but not to other antigens. numerous studies have recently shown that t cells with functional capabilities after initial triggering with antigen can be maintained in a state of continuous proliferation in vitro when cultured in medium containin ... | 1983 | 6602296 |
| lymphocyte subpopulations in mice infected with mycobacterium leprae. | t and b cells were quantitated from the spleen of m. leprae infected mice and correlated with bacillary count in the foot pad. lymphocyte transformation with pha and m. leprae (armadillo) antigens was also studied during different months of infection. t cell counts dropped gradually but significantly throughout the course of infection. b cells had a concomitant rise up to 6 months and then registered a fall as compared to the initial control figures. transformation of lymphocytes with pha fell s ... | 1983 | 6603563 |
| monocyte-derived soluble suppressor factor(s) in patients with lepromatous leprosy. | peripheral blood monocytes from polar lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients were unable to support mycobacterium leprae-induced in vitro lymphoproliferation of hla-d-matched t cells from tuberculoid leprosy subjects, whereas those from responder individuals were able to do so. monocyte-rich adherent cells from untreated ll patients released de novo soluble factors which inhibited antigen-induced lymphoproliferation to a greater extent and mitogenic responses to a lesser extent. suppressive activity ... | 1983 | 6605932 |
| leprosy in sub-human primates: potential risk for transfer of mycobacterium leprae to humans. | | 1983 | 6668987 |
| in vitro cultivation of mycobacterium x from mycobacterium leprae-infected tissues in acetone-dimethylsulfoxide-tetradecane medium. | several strains of mycobacteria were cultivable from mycobacterium leprae-infected human and armadillo tissues in a liquid medium containing three dimethyl analogs: dimethylketone, dimethylsulfoxide, and tetradecane [ch3 . (ch2)12 . ch3]. the medium contained kh2po4, 7.0 g; na2hpo4, 1.0 g; (nh4)2so4, 2.0 g; mgso4, 0.1 g; iron ammonium citrate, 0.1 g; dmso, 10 ml; and acetone, 150 ml in distilled water ad one liter. tetradecane 0.1 ml was added aseptically to each tube, containing 10 ml of the st ... | 1983 | 6683261 |
| ige in leprosy; effect of a mycobacterium leprae-bcg vaccine. | since some previous studies have reported elevated total serum ige levels in leprosy, that may be associated with the existence of a state of generalized t cell anergy, we undertook a carefully controlled study of this immunoglobulin in such patients before and after treatment with a mycobacterium leprae-bcg vaccine. we found, firstly, that lepromatous leprosy patients suffering active disease had only a moderate elevation of ige levels that was not statistically significant when compared to app ... | 1983 | 6684643 |
| survival of mycobacterium leprae in mice administered several antibiotics per os. | | 1983 | 6684648 |
| foam--the result of an interaction between unactivated macrophages and dead mycobacterium leprae? | | 1983 | 6684649 |
| infection of the congenitally athymic rat with mycobacterium leprae. | the susceptibility of congenitally athymic rats to mycobacterium leprae infection has been investigated. following inoculation of small numbers of m. leprae (5 x 10(3] into the foot pad, the organisms replicated and attained a maximum of 2.6 x 10(8) per foot pad at 294 days; there was limited dissemination to the tail. in similarly inoculated neonatally thymectomized lewis rats (ntlrs) a ceiling of 2 x 10(7) organisms was reached. when a larger inoculum (10(7] was given, the number of bacilli in ... | 1983 | 6685695 |
| variable lepromin response to mycobacterium leprae in resistant armadillos. | eight armadillos resistant to the infection of mycobacterium leprae were lepromin tested. the tissue response was tuberculoid in 5, borderline in 2, and lepromatous in 1, thus showing a wide variation. it is seen that although cell-mediated immunity as evidenced by a tuberculoid granulomatous response to killed m. leprae is associated with resistance to the disease, there may be other yet unknown factors which protect armadillos from the infection. lepromin responses were recognized histological ... | 1983 | 6685696 |
| dds-resistant infection among leprosy patients in the population of gudiyatham taluk, south india. part 3. prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and interpretation of mouse foot pad test results. | at the schieffelin leprosy research and training centre, karigiri, india, a study of the population of gudiyatham taluk revealed that the prevalence of dapsone (dds)-resistant infection among lepromatous (ll) and borderline lepromatous (bl) leprosy patients treated for a minimum of three years was 3.3% (33 per 1000), with an average annual incidence of 0.28% per year. dds-resistant infection was diagnosed when review of skin smear readings showed a continuing increase in the number of mycobacter ... | 1983 | 6685699 |
| the significance of dapsone (dds)-resistant mycobacterium leprae in untreated patients. | in a stable rural population of south india, 18 consecutive untreated persons newly discovered to have leprosy with a bacterial index (bi) greater than or equal to 2+ were tested for mycobacterium leprae resistant to dapsone (dds) by the mouse foot pad test. of 12 successful tests, five detected resistant m. leprae. known contact with a treated patient in the ten years preceding the diagnosis of leprosy was not found to increase the risk of dds-resistant m. leprae occurring in an untreated, newl ... | 1983 | 6685700 |
| response to dapsone (dds) monotherapy in leprosy patients of gudiyatham taluk, south india: comparison between the 1960s and the 1970s. | at the schieffelin leprosy research and training centre, karagiri, india, 148 lepromatous (ll) and borderline lepromatous (bl) leprosy patients registered for treatment in the years 1971 to 1973 were found to respond as well to dapsone (dds) monotherapy as 391 ll and bl patients registered in 1964 to 1966, as indicated by clearance of mycobacterium leprae from skin smears during the initial seven years of therapy in each patient. apparently, the efficacy of dds monotherapy has not been progressi ... | 1983 | 6685701 |
| [reverse or inverse reaction - a present-day point]. | the reversal or inversal reactions, well studied in some research centers, is still imperfectly known, even contested or denied. this lack of knowledge has been one of the hindrances in the understanding of the mechanism of the hansenic neuritis. the evolution of the concepts about this question is studied, starting with souza lima and souza campos (1950), followed by tajiri (1955), up to the present "i reaction" of jopling, involving the "up grading" and "down grading" reactions. an interpretat ... | 1981 | 6749678 |
| an inquiry into the adoption of the term mycobacterium hansenii. | an inquiry was made among various organs of the public health service of the state of s. paulo, brazil, members of the scientific council and editorial board of "hansenologia internationalis", and professors of dermatology, bacteriology, neurology, pathology and preventive medicine of brazil, having in view the possibility of using the term mycobacterium hansenii in that periodical, as a substitute for mycobacterium leprae. the results were considered favorable to the change and led to the adopt ... | 1981 | 6749680 |
| clofazimine-resistant leprosy, a case report. | | 1982 | 6749703 |
| histology of indeterminate leprosy. | skin biopsies from 20 patients with indeterminate leprosy were studied histopathologically. the most common clinical manifestation of the disease was a hypopigmented macule. in most cases, 5% to 10% of the dermis was occupied by the infiltrate. sweat glands were involved in two thirds of the cases, and approximately half the biopsies showed involvement of arrector pili muscle and pilosebaceous glands. ninety-five percent of the cases had involvement of the dermal nerves, with perineural infiltra ... | 1982 | 6749705 |
| tissue response to lepromin, an index of susceptibility of the armadillo to m. leprae infection--a preliminary report. | in this preliminary report the histopathological appearance of the lepromin reaction in armadillos was correlated with their response to infection with m. leprae. three different types of lepromin response were described, namely the lepromatous, the borderline, and the tuberculoid lepromin reactions. it was found that 10 out of the 11 animals with a lepromatous lepromin reaction and the one animal with a borderline lepromin reaction developed disseminated disease. the two with a tuberculoid lepr ... | 1982 | 6749706 |
| bcg vaccination in leprosy. | | 1982 | 6749707 |
| co-incident (simultaneous) dapsone sensitive and dapsone resistant leprosy. | | 1982 | 6749709 |
| serological activity of purified glycolipid from mycobacterium leprae. | | 1982 | 6749710 |
| leprosy and its chemotherapy. | | 1982 | 6749788 |
| improved leucocyte migration inhibition response of leucocytes from lepromatous leprosy patients with hapten modified m. leprae. | two acetoacetylated derivatives of mycobacterium leprae with variable hapten groups and a conjugate with tetanus toxoid were prepared. these were tested as antigens along with unmodified m. leprae in the leucocyte migration inhibition response of leucocytes from clinically, bacteriologically and histopathologically confirmed cases of lepromatous leprosy. lmi response was poor with m. leprae, but was significantly enhanced with acetoacetylated m. leprae. | 1982 | 6751637 |
| attempts at cultivation of mycobacterium leprae in cell culture under regulation of redox potential at environment. | | 1982 | 6752102 |
| comparison of mycobacterial granulomas in guinea-pig lymph nodes. | a study was made of mycobacterial-induced granulomas in guinea-pig lymph nodes. live bcg (pasteur) induced a granuloma containing epithelioid cells while cobalt irradiated mycobacterium leprae induced a granuloma comprised of phagocytic macrophages. the granulomas were quantitated by measurement of lymph node weight and the areas of infiltration in histological sections. the time course of granuloma formation induced by co-irradiated m. leprae was veary different from the time course of the gran ... | 1982 | 6752360 |
| viability of m. leprae under normal and adverse atmospheric conditions. | harvested bacilli from fresh lepromas were subjected to drying at room temperature for varying periods, were exposed to direct sun-rays, uvr, and were then injected into the foot pads of thymectomised irradiated mice for checking the viability. the organisms could survive uvr for 30 minutes, direct sunlight for 2 hours and room temperature for 7 days. details are presented. | 1982 | 6752575 |
| biochemical correlation of m. vaccae with m. leprae. | the biochemical tests, namely, niacin, catalase, nitrate reduction, tween hydrolysis, tellurite reduction, arylsulfatase and urease tests were carried out for all the mycobacteria which are immunogenically closely related to m. leprae. among them only m. vaccae shows closest relationship with m. leprae when compared with its communicated data. except for the tellurite reduction test which was variable in case of m. leprae, all the other tests were found similar to that of m. leprae. in the next ... | 1982 | 6752576 |
| clinico-pathological study of so-called immune zones in leprosy. | the clinical, bacteriological and histopathological features were studied in 20 cases of leprosy (10 ll + 10 bl) from the so-called immune zones i.e. axilla, groin, and a narrow transverse band of skin over the lumbosacral region of the body. apparently uninvolved skin over the chest was studied as control site. in the so-called immune sites, the clinical lesions of leprosy were noted in 40% of the cases (7 ll + 1 bl), afb (both solid and granular forms) were detected in the smears of 45% cases ... | 1982 | 6752577 |
| discrepancy in the histopathological features of leprosy lesions in the skin and peripheral nerve. report of a preliminary study. | simultaneous biopsies of the skin and a cutaneous nerve were done in 36 randomly selected leprosy patients and the histopathological features of the lesion in the two tissues were compared. a discrepancy was noticed in 21 instances. in 19 of these cases the lesions in the nerve were found to be immunologically more deficient and were also bacillated, even when the skin lesion had cleared or regressed. the implications of the findings are discussed and the need for further studies is emphasized. | 1982 | 6752578 |
| leprosy: the epidemiology of a slow bacterium. | | 1982 | 6754406 |
| sensitization or tolerance to mycobacterium leprae antigen by route of injection. | aqueous suspensions of heat-killed mycobacterium leprae in a dose of 10(7) organisms were highly immunogenic when injected intradermally (i.d.). the same dose of bacteria did not sensitize when given intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.), and did so only minimally at best when given subcutaneously. the i.d. route was the most immunogenic for sheep erythrocytes also. m. leprae injected i.p. or i.v. stimulated immune tolerance to m. leprae challenge i.d. in older mice (greater than or e ... | 1982 | 6754621 |
| class specific anti-mycobacterium leprae antibody assay in lepromatous leprosy (bl-ll) patients during the first two to four years of dds treatment. | previously, a slight decrease in antibodies against m. leprae antigen 7 was demonstrated after one year of dapsone (dds) treatment in 14 of 15 patients with lepromatous (bl-ll) leprosy. the same patients have now received dds from 11/2 to 4 years (median 3 years) and sera taken at the start, during, and at the end of the observation period have been retested for antibodies against m. leprae antigen 7 by radioimmunoassay and tested for iga-, igm-, and igg-anti-m. leprae antibody activity by solid ... | 1982 | 6754639 |