| tnm classification of thyroid carcinoma. | background: the understanding of biology of well-differentiated thyroid cancer has improved in the last two decades with the detailed understanding of prognostic factors and risk group stratification. the risk groups are crucial in the management of thyroid cancer and overall prognosis. tnm staging system: the tnm staging system has been used in all human cancers, and it adheres to the biology of tumors. the data in thyroid cancer comes from retrospective studies, as there are no prospective ran ... | 2007 | 17308849 |
| creation of dna overhangs by using modified dna overhang cloning method. | dna overhang cloning (doc) method was invented by kevin a. jarrell and colleagues to create dna overhangs at the ends of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fragments. to increase the ligation products of doc and make it possible to join the ligation products together to yield a larger dna fragment without amplification by using the secondary pcr, we modified the original method by lengthening rna-dna hybrids to 8 bp, using rnase h to digest rna chains, and so on. we found that the ligation of pcr f ... | 2007 | 17308905 |
| correlation between cytology and thyroid function test. | thyroid dysfunction can be evaluated by measuring serum thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh), total tri-iodothyronine (t3) and total thyroxine (t4) which will establish euthyroidism, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. fine needle aspiration (fna) is the diagnostic test of choice in determining whether a nodule is benign or malignant. | 2006 | 17310678 |
| imaging of disease dynamics during meningococcal sepsis. | neisseria meningitidis is a human pathogen that causes septicemia and meningitis with high mortality. the disease progression is rapid and much remains unknown about the disease process. the understanding of disease development is crucial for development of novel therapeutic strategies and vaccines against meningococcal disease. the use of bioluminescent imaging combined with a mouse disease model allowed us to investigate the progression of meningococcal sepsis over time. injection of bacteria ... | 2007 | 17311106 |
| recombinant human growth hormone in abstinent androgenic-anabolic steroid use: psychological, endocrine and trophic factor effects. | this study examined whether six days recombinant human growth hormone (rhgh) affected psychological profile in an abstinent androgenic-anabolic steroid (aas) abusing group, compared with an abstinent aas control group. male subjects (n = 48) were assigned in a random fashion into one of two groups: (1): (n=24) control group (c); (2): (n=24) rhgh group (gh). a hospital anxiety scale (hads) questionnaire was completed by all subjects. physiological responses investigated included anthropometry. bi ... | 2007 | 17311540 |
| negative functional effects of natriuretic peptides are attenuated in hypertrophic cardiac myocytes by reduced particulate guanylyl cyclase activity. | we tested the hypothesis that the negative functional effects of natriuretic peptides would be blunted in thyroxine (t4)-induced hypertrophic cardiac myocytes. we also studied the causes of these changes. ventricular myocytes were obtained from control (n=8) and t4 (0.5 mg/kg/16 days) treated rabbit hearts (n=7). cell shortening parameters were studied with a video edge detector. we also determined particulate (pgc) and soluble (sgc) guanylyl cyclase activity and cyclic gmp levels. myocyte funct ... | 2007 | 17312451 |
| comparison of polymethoxyethylacrylate-coated circuits with leukocyte filtration and reduced heparinization protocol on heparin-bonded circuits in different risk cohorts. | the relative benefits of strategic leukofiltration on polymer-coated and low-dose heparin protocol on heparin-coated circuits were studied across euroscore patient risk strata for three different cohorts. | 2006 | 17312857 |
| soy protein isolates of varied isoflavone content do not influence serum thyroid hormones in healthy young men. | the ability of soy isoflavones to inhibit thyroid peroxidase and induce goiter in animals has generated concern regarding their potential antithyroid effects in humans. the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of soy protein isolates of varied isoflavone content on circulating thyroid hormones in healthy young men. | 2007 | 17316115 |
| age modifies the pituitary tsh response to thyroid failure. | to investigate the association between serum tsh, total t4 and various patient characteristics when hypothyroidism is diagnosed in a population, and to study how age, sex and serum t4 levels influenced pituitary tsh response. | 2007 | 17316116 |
| prognostic relevance of tumour size in t3a renal cell carcinoma: a multicentre experience. | to evaluate the prognostic role of tumour size in pathological stage t3a renal cell carcinoma (rcc) with fat invasion only and to assess whether this subgroup maintains its relevance over the other pathological stages. | 2007 | 17316970 |
| hypothalamic-pituitary-end organ function in women with bipolar depression. | disturbance of each of the three hypothalamic-pituitary-end organ systems [hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (hpt), -adrenal (hpa), and -gonadal (hpg)] has been reported in depressive disorders. little is known about potential reciprocal interaction among the three hp-end organ systems in patients with depressive disorders. the present pilot study examined selective hpa and hpg hormones in a detailed time series in women with bipolar disorder (depressed type) before and after treatment with levothy ... | 2007 | 17317022 |
| euthyroid women with autoimmune disease undergoing assisted reproduction technologies: the role of autoimmunity and thyroid function. | thyroid dysfunction and the presence of thyroid antibodies increase the risk of infertility and miscarriage. the aim of the present study was to assess if patients with autoimmune thyroid disease undergoing assisted reproduction technologies (art) are afflicted by poor pregnancy and/or delivery rate and if the outcome is conditioned by pre-art thyroid status. the study was retrospective (from january 2000 to january 2005) and was carried out at the division of physiopathology of human reproducti ... | 2007 | 17318015 |
| abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism in mice lacking the monocarboxylate transporter 8. | in humans, inactivating mutations in the gene of the thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (mct8; slc16a2) lead to severe forms of psychomotor retardation combined with imbalanced thyroid hormone serum levels. the mct8-null mice described here, however, developed without overt deficits but also exhibited distorted 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4) serum levels, resulting in increased hepatic activity of type 1 deiodinase (d1). in the mutants' brains, entry of t4 ... | 2007 | 17318265 |
| restaging of differentiated thyroid carcinoma by the sixth edition ajcc/uicc tnm staging system: stage migration and predictability. | the ajcc/uicc tnm staging system (tnm) is a widely accepted system for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (dtc). the objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential changes in cancer-specific survival (css) after reclassification from fifth to sixth edition tnm. | 2007 | 17318278 |
| preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer: treatment results of three different dose regimens. | radiotherapy (rt) prior to surgery could benefit patients with advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. this study was designed to examine the preoperative therapeutic effect of rt given in different doses and fractions, depending on clinical (c) tn stage and on tumor site in the rectum. | 2006 | 17318965 |
| [hyperbaric bupivacaine: a randomized double-blind trial of different doses with or without fentanyl for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia]. | to compare the effects of spinal anesthesia with different doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine with or without fentanyl in patients undergoing cesarean section. | 2007 | 17319428 |
| long-term stability of unilateral posterior crossbite correction. | to evaluate the stability of orthodontically corrected unilateral posterior crossbite in patients treated either by rapid maxillary expansion or with slow expansion devices in the early (mean age 7.2 years, n = 50) or late mixed dentition (mean age 9.9 years, n = 50). | 2007 | 17319757 |
| should all patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma be considered for aggressive surgical resection? | long-term survival for duodenal adenocarcinoma is inconsistent in the literature, and the biology of duodenal adenocarcinoma is poorly understood. | 2007 | 17320527 |
| progressive osseous heteroplasia-like heterotopic ossification in a male infant with pseudohypoparathyroidism type ia: a case report. | pseudohypoparathyroidism (php) ia is a rare condition associated with multiple hormone resistance and the albright hereditary osteodystrophy (aho) phenotype. progressive osseous heteroplasia (poh) is characterized by progressive ossifications of dermal, skeletal muscle and deep connective tissue during childhood. both php ia and poh are caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in the gnas gene. maternal inheritance of a gnas mutation leads to an aho phenotype with hormonal resistance (php i ... | 2007 | 17321228 |
| the roles of tyr391 and tyr619 in rb69 dna polymerase replication fidelity. | in the family-b dna polymerase of bacteriophage rb69, the conserved aromatic palm-subdomain residues tyr391 and tyr619 interact with the last primer-template base-pair. tyr619 interacts via a water-mediated hydrogen bond with the phosphate of the terminal primer nucleotide. the main-chain amide of tyr391 interacts with the corresponding template nucleotide. a hydrogen bond has been postulated between tyr391 and the hydroxyl group of tyr567, a residue that plays a key role in base discrimination. ... | 2007 | 17321543 |
| the effects of experimental hyperthyroidism on hemorheology and plasma fibrinogen concentration. | the present study in female rats determined the effects of experimental hyperthyroidsm on hemorheological parameters and fibrinogen concentration. to induce experimental hyperthyroidism l-thyroxine (0.4 mg/100 g fodder) was added to the fodder of the experimental group rats for 20 d. after experimental duration, t3, t4, and tsh levels, plasma and blood viscosity, hematocrit, erythrocyte rigidity index, and plasma fibrinogen concentration values of both the control and the experimental group anim ... | 2006 | 17322580 |
| in vitro ligation of oligodeoxynucleotides containing c8-oxidized purine lesions using bacteriophage t4 dna ligase. | ligases conduct the final stage of repair of dna damage by sealing a single-stranded nick after excision of damaged nucleotides and reinsertion of correct nucleotides. depending upon the circumstances and the success of the repair process, lesions may remain at the ligation site, either in the template or at the oligomer termini to be joined. ligation experiments using bacteriophage t4 dna ligase were carried out with purine lesions in four positions surrounding the nick site in a total of 96 di ... | 2007 | 17323928 |
| effective inhibition of lytic development of bacteriophages lambda, p1 and t4 by starvation of their host, escherichia coli. | bacteriophage infections of bacterial cultures cause serious problems in genetic engineering and biotechnology. they are dangerous not only because of direct effects on the currently infected cultures, i.e. their devastation, but also due to a high probability of spreading the phage progeny throughout a whole laboratory or plant, which causes a real danger for further cultivations. therefore, a simple method for quick inhibition of phage development after detection of bacterial culture infection ... | 2007 | 17324284 |
| non-inflammatory skin involvement in breast cancer, histologically proven but without the clinical and histological t4 category features. | the study evaluates characteristics and prognostic significance of breast cancer with histologically proven non-inflammatory skin involvement but without the clinical and histological features that are mandatory for inclusion in the t4 category. | 2007 | 17326124 |
| novel recombinant adenoviral vector that targets the interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain permits effective gene transfer to malignant glioma. | transduction of malignant glioma with adenovirus serotype 5 (ad5) vectors is limited by the low levels of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car) on tumor cells. however, malignant brain tumors have been found to overexpress a glioma-associated receptor, interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain (il-13ralpha2), a marker of both glial transformation and tumor grade. to selectively target ad5 to il-13ralpha2, we constructed a replication-deficient adenoviral vector that possesses an il-13 ligand p ... | 2007 | 17328684 |
| surgical management of a thyroglossal duct cyst in a cat. | a 14-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of a large fluid-filled mass on the ventral aspect of the neck that failed to resolve after repeated draining. | 2007 | 17331051 |
| thyroid hormone homeostasis and action in the type 2 deiodinase-deficient rodent brain during development. | considerable indirect evidence suggests that the type 2 deiodinase (d2) generates t3 from t4 for local use in specific tissues such as pituitary, brown fat, and brain, and studies with a d2-deficent mouse, the d2 knockout (d2ko) mouse, have shown this to be the case in pituitary and brown fat. the present study employs the d2ko mouse to determine the role of d2 in the developing brain. as expected, the t3 content in the neonatal d2ko brain was markedly reduced to a level comparable with that see ... | 2007 | 17332058 |
| a quantitative electroencephalographic correlate of sustained attention processing. | the objective of the present investigation was to develop a quantitative electroencephalographic measure (qeeg) that is sensitive and specific to changes in sustained human performance. a principal components analysis (pca) was performed on the qeeg obtained from participants during a continuous performance test. measures of sensitivity (proportion of correctly identified correct responses, or hits) and specificity (proportion of correctly identified incorrect responses, or misses) were calculat ... | 2007 | 17333314 |
| postirradiation sinus mucosa disease in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. | we sought to determine the incidence, progression, and risk factors for postirradiation sinus mucosa diseases (smd) incidentally found on follow-up magnetic resonance images mris) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) patients. | 2007 | 17334261 |
| internal thoracic vessels used as pedicle graft for anastomosis with vascularized bone graft to reconstruct c7-t3 spinal defects: a new technique. | a report of 4 cases of primary bone tumors (3 cases) or infection (1 case) at the cervicothoracic junction treated with resection-reconstruction. | 2007 | 17334297 |
| expression of phosphorylated akt (pakt) in gastric carcinoma predicts prognosis and efficacy of chemotherapy. | the akt signaling pathway controls the survival and growth of human cancers. we investigated the expression of phosphorylated akt (pakt) in patients with gastric cancer. | 2007 | 17334718 |
| thyroid hormones reorganize the cytoskeleton of glial cells through gfap phosphorylation and rhoa-dependent mechanisms. | thyroid hormones (3,5,3'-triiodo-l: -thyronine, t3; 3,5,3',5'-l: -tetraiodothyronine, t4; th) play crucial roles in the growth and differentiation of the central nervous system. in this study, we investigated the actions of th on proliferation, viability, cell morphology, in vitro phosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) and actin reorganization in c6 glioma cells. we first observe that long-term exposure to th stimulates cell proliferation without induce cell death. we also dem ... | 2007 | 17334943 |
| comparative endocrinology of testicular, adrenal and thyroid function in captive asian and african elephant bulls. | concentrations of serum testosterone, cortisol, thyroxine (free and total t4), triiodothyronine (free and total t3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) were measured to assess adrenal and thyroid function as they relate to testicular activity and musth in captive elephants. blood samples were collected approximately weekly from asian (n=8) and african (n=12) bulls at seven facilities for periods of 4 months to 9.5 years. age ranges at study onset were 8-50 years for asian and 10-21 years for a ... | 2007 | 17336304 |
| characterization of extended-host-range pseudo-t-even bacteriophage kpp95 isolated on klebsiella pneumoniae. | kpp95, isolated on klebsiella pneumoniae, is a bacteriophage with the morphology of t4-type phages and is capable of rapid lysis of host cells. its double-stranded genomic dna (ca. 175 kb, estimated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) can be cut only by restriction endonucleases with a cleavage site flanked either by a and t or by t, as tested, suggesting that it contains the modified derivative(s) of g and/or c. over 26 protein bands were visualized upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide g ... | 2007 | 17337566 |
| longitudinal assessment of levo-thyroxine therapy for congenital hypothyroidism: relationship with aetiology, bone maturation and biochemical features. | to evaluate therapy and dose adjustments in patients with congenital hypothyroidism (ch), longitudinally followed up until 16 years old, according to aetiology, beclard's nuclei presence, and thyroxine (t4) level at diagnosis. | 2007 | 17337903 |
| validity and reliability of active shape models for the estimation of cobb angle in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. | choosing the most suitable treatment for scoliosis relies heavily on accurate and reproducible cobb angle measurement from successive radiographs. the objective is to reduce variability of cobb angle measurement by reducing user intervention and bias. custom software to increase automation of the cobb angle measurement from posteroanterior radiographs was developed using active shape models. validity and reliability of the automated system against a manual and semiautomated measurement method wa ... | 2008 | 17340228 |
| plasma leptin levels are related to body composition, sex, insulin levels and the a55v polymorphism of the ucp2 gene. | circulating leptin levels show a high degree of individual variability even after the main effect of body fatness is accounted for. we therefore wanted to determine the roles of variation in body composition, age, sex and polymorphisms of the ucp2 gene and promoter region on levels of circulating leptin. | 2007 | 17342078 |
| ntp toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of a binary mixture of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126) (cas no. 57465-28-8) and 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 118) (cas no. 31508-00-6) in female harlan sprague-dawley rats (gavage studies). | dioxin toxic equivalency factor evaluation overview: polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) have the ability to bind to and activate the ligand-activated transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr). structurally related compounds that bind to the ahr and exhibit biological actions similar to tcdd are commonly referred to as "dioxin-like compounds" (dlcs). ambient human exposure to dlcs occurs through the ingestion of foods containin ... | 2006 | 17342196 |
| small interfering rna-mediated caveolin-1 knockout on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in insulin-stimulated human vascular endothelial cells. | using human vascular endothelial cells (ecv304) as the target, we studied the effect of caveolin (cav)-1 in the course of insulin-stimulated expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai)-1. the appropriate single-stranded oligonucleotides representing the rnai cav-1 gene were analyzed by ambion software. after annealing to generate double-stranded oligonucleotides (ds oligo), it was cloned into the pentr/u6 entry vector containing rna polymerase iii expression element by t4 dna ligase. the ... | 2007 | 17342262 |
| effects of long term iodized table salt consumption on serum t3, t4 and tsh in an iodine deficient area of bangladesh. | the effect of iodized and non-iodized table salt in goiter hyper-endemic area on the thyroid gland and its hormones t3, t4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) were studied in two hundred subjects from the center for nuclear medicine and ultrasound, mymensingh. iodized and non-iodized salt users were called study and control groups respectively. the mean concentration of t3 were 2.38 nmol/l and 2.22 nmol/l & t4 concentration were 128.67 and 123.72 nmol/l in the study and control group respectiv ... | 2007 | 17344781 |
| survival of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis in balkan endemic nephropathy and non-endemic areas of serbia. | to evaluate the characteristics and survival of patients with upper urinary tract (uut) transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) in serbia, followed for >/=5 years or until death. | 2007 | 17346272 |
| hyperthyroidism in molar pregnancy: rapid preoperative preparation by plasmapheresis and complete improvement after evacuation. | human chorionic gonadotropin bears structural homology to pituitary thyrotropin. the extremely elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin in patients with molar pregnancy or other trophoblastic diseases can lead to hyperthyroidism. we describe a patient with molar pregnancy who had secondary hyperthyroidism prepared rapidly by plasmapheresis for surgery. the clinical picture improved dramatically after the first plasmapheresis. three subsequent plasmapheresis provided a 75.1% decrease in se ... | 2007 | 17346650 |
| multiple origins of replication contribute to a discontinuous pattern of dna synthesis across the t4 genome during infection. | chromosomes provide a template for a number of dna transactions, including replication and transcription, but the dynamic interplay between these activities is poorly understood at the genomic level. the bacteriophage t4 has long served as a model for the study of dna replication, transcription, and recombination, and should be an excellent model organism in which to integrate in vitro biochemistry into a chromosomal context. as a first step in characterizing the dynamics of chromosomal transact ... | 2007 | 17346743 |
| beclomethasone dipropionate versus mesalazine in distal ulcerative colitis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study. | topical beclomethasone diproprionate has shown efficacy in ulcerative colitis. | 2007 | 17347061 |
| significance of lymphangiogenesis as assessed by immunohistochemistry for podoplanin in patients with esophageal carcinoma. | although lymph node involvement is an important prognostic factor for survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma, little is known about lymphangiogenesis in esophageal carcinoma. podoplanin, a mutin-type transmembrane glycoprotein, specifically recognizes the lymphatic endothelium and is used as a lymphatic-specific marker. anti-human podoplanin antibody was therefore used to quantify and evaluate the lymphangiogenesis in esophageal carcinoma. | 2007 | 17348451 |
| maternal leptin treatment during lactation programs the thyroid function of adult rats. | recently, we showed that both maternal malnutrition during lactation and leptin treatment during the neonatal period program thyroid function. in this study we evaluate whether maternal leptin treatment during lactation programs thyroid function of the offspring in the adulthood. the dams were divided into 2 groups: lep-daily sc single injected with 8 microg/100 g of body weight with recombinant rat leptin during the last 3 days of lactation and control group (c) that received the same volume of ... | 2007 | 17349662 |
| nt-probnp changes, oxidative stress, and energy status of hypertrophic myocardium following ischemia/reperfusion injury. | n-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (nt-probnp) is a sensitive functional marker in heart disease, including left ventricular hypertrophy (lvh) secondary to valvular aortic stenosis (as). we evaluated the association between nt-probnp changes, oxidative stress, energy status and severity of lvh in patients with as. ten patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for as were studied. plasma nt-probnp concentrations were performed by electroluminescence immunoassay 15min after the induction ... | 2007 | 17350221 |
| spinal cord infarction with multiple etiologic factors. | spinal cord infarction is uncommon and usually presents with sudden onset of paralysis and sensory disturbances. a variety of causes are described, but rarely with multiple factors involved. we report a case of a 63-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and osteoarthritis who presented with acute onset of chest pain, numbness, and weakness associated with episodic hypotension. he had incomplete tetraplegia and was areflexic without spasticity. pain and temperature sensa ... | 2007 | 17351858 |
| higher radiation dose with a shorter treatment duration improves outcome for locally advanced carcinoma of anal canal. | to assess whether radiation dose and duration of treatment influence local control and survival of patients with locally advanced anal cancer treated with definitive chemoradiation. | 2007 | 17352019 |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone restores bone volume, microarchitecture, and strength in aged ovariectomized rats. | we show the systemic administration of low levels of tsh increases bone volume and improves bone microarchitecture and strength in aged ovx rats. tsh's actions are mediated by its inhibitory effects on rankl-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption coupled with stimulatory effects on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, suggesting tsh directly affects bone remodeling in vivo. | 2007 | 17352644 |
| sequential use of aminophylline and theophylline for the treatment of atropine-resistant bradycardia after spinal cord injury: a case report. | a 66-year-old japanese man was brought to our emergency department after he was accidentally compressed into a lateral groove. physical examination revealed pinprick sensory level of t4 and motor level of c7. on the 4th hospital day, electrocardiography suddenly showed sinus bradycardia of 33 beats/min. bolus injection of 0.5 mg of atropine sulphate was not effective. bolus injection of aminophylline was administered followed by continuous infusion. his heart rate increased and remained stable a ... | 2007 | 17354583 |
| euthyroid sick syndrome and cardiac failure in zaria, nigeria. | the study was aimed at establishing the existence of sick euthyroid syndrome in our patients with cardiac failure and to find out whether the syndrome in the our patients has a peculiar pattern | 2007 | 17356583 |
| [weight gain of the predator podisus distinctus (heteroptera: pentatomidae) with combinations of the preys tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) and musca domestica (diptera: muscidae)]. | little is known about podisus distinctus (stal) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) one of the asopinae species with good possibilities for mass rearing and releasing against defoliator caterpillars in eucalyptus reforested areas in brazil. we evaluated the impact of prey combinations on weight of nymphs and adults of p. distinctus. the prey were musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae) and tenebrio molitor l. (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). the experiment was developed under 25 +/- 0.5 degrees c, 60 +/- 10% ... | 2004 | 17357405 |
| [expression and clinical value of eukaryotic initiation factor 4e and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in supraglottic and hypopharyngeal carcinoma and metastasis lymph]. | to study the expression of eukaryotic initiation factor4e (eif4e)and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) in supraglottic, hypopharyngeal carcinoma, different distance surgical margins and lymphatic metastasis; to study the relationship of two molecular markers. | 2006 | 17357517 |
| bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats with induced hyperthyroidism: the effect of estrogen replacement. | we aimed to investigate whether or not the estrogen is playing any role in the effect of thyroid hormones on bone metabolism. the rats were divided into five groups. in the first group l-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroid rats were ovariectomized (ovx) while the ovx rats were administered l-thyroxine in the second group. 17beta-estradiol (e2) was replaced in ovx rats in group iii. l-thyroxine and e2 were simultaneously administered to ovx rats in group iv. the fifth group received sham operation. bl ... | 2006 | 17357540 |
| molecular characterization of t4-type bacteriophages in a rice field. | bacteriophages, the viruses that infect bacteria, are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere and play a key role in global biogeochemical cycling. all t4-type bacteriophage isolates tested so far have a conserved genetic module that encodes the virion components including gene 23 (g23), the major capsid protein. molecular analysis of the g23 sequence revealed a remarkable level of diversity of t4-type bacteriophages isolated from rice straw and surface soil in a japanese rice fie ... | 2007 | 17359280 |
| frequent allelic loss at the fra3b site in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: association with clinical features and epstein-barr virus infection. | in this study, we aimed to precisely define the patterns of allelic loss at the fra3b site in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to determine whether an association exists between allelic loss, clinicopathological features and epstein-barr virus infection. we examined the loss of heterozygosity in 40 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from an endemic area in southern china, using eight high dense, polymorphic, microsatellite markers within or flanking the fra3b site. loss of heterozygosity at t ... | 2007 | 17359554 |
| purification of host cell enzymes involved in adeno-associated virus dna replication. | adeno-associated virus (aav) replicates its dna by a modified rolling-circle mechanism that exclusively uses leading strand displacement synthesis. to identify the enzymes directly involved in aav dna replication, we fractionated adenovirus-infected crude extracts and tested them in an in vitro replication system that required the presence of the aav-encoded rep protein and the aav origins of dna replication, thus faithfully reproducing in vivo viral dna replication. fractions that contained rep ... | 2007 | 17360744 |
| [genetic identification of acanthamoeba sp. cjy/s1 and cjy/s2 isolated from soil]. | two isolates of acanthamoeba sp. cjy/si and cjy/s2 were received from soil in yanji of jilin province. full 18s rdna gene was amplified using pcr, cloned and sequenced. the results were analyzed by software clustal x. the full length of cjy/s1 and cjy/s2 is 2255 bp and 2252 bp respectively, both belong to t4 genotype. | 2006 | 17361827 |
| should commercial organ donation be legalized in germany? an ethical discourse. | we evaluated the arguments pro and con concerning kidney sales from a german perspective. at present, we see social, medical, and ethical reasons why organ selling should not be legalized in germany. | 2007 | 17362762 |
| a direct free thyroxine (t4) immunoassay with the characteristics of a total t4 immunoassay. | direct free thyroxine (t(4)) measurements have been linked to both t(4)-binding serum protein concentrations and protein-bound t(4) concentrations. whether this is evidence of a relationship to total t(4) concentrations has not been reported. | 2007 | 17363415 |
| the prevalence of hypothyroidism after treatment for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas: are autoantibodies of influence? | the incidence rate of hypothyroidism after treatment for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer is high, especially after combination treatment. an association between hypothyroidism and autoantibodies was found. | 2007 | 17364370 |
| the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (hpt) axis in fish and its role in fish development and reproduction. | bony fishes represent the largest vertebrate class and are a very diverse animal group. this chapter provides a thorough review of the available scientific literature on the thyroid system in these important vertebrate animals. the molecular components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (hpt) axis in this group correspond closely to those of mammals. the thyroid tissue in the fishes is organized as diffuse follicles, with a few exceptions, rather than as an encapsulated gland as is found in m ... | 2007 | 17364706 |
| implications of research on assays to characterize thyroid toxicants. | many aspects of thyroid endocrinology are very well conserved across vertebrate taxa. these aspects include thyroid hormone chemistry, the mechanism of its synthesis, and the proteins involved in these processes. in addition, the system by which the hormone is delived from the thyroid gland to target cells, including transport and regulation within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (hpt) axis, and the proteins that regulate the different components of this delivery system appear to be highly co ... | 2007 | 17364709 |
| inherited tertiary hypothyroidism in sprague-dawley rats. | thyroid hormones (ths) are important in the development and maturation of the central nervous system (cns). the significant actions of ths during cns development occur at the time when th levels are lower than those in the mother and the hypothalamic-thyroid (hpt) axis is not fully functional. in the developing rat nervous system, primarily the cerebellum, the first three postnatal weeks represent a period of significant sensitivity to thyroid hormones. this study presents a spontaneous, inherit ... | 2007 | 17368429 |
| [vertebral fractures, osteoporosis and vitamin d levels in chilean postmenopausal women]. | approximately one-third of vertebral fractures can be clinically diagnosed. | 2007 | 17369981 |
| coronary flow reserve is impaired in patients with adult growth hormone (gh) deficiency. | relationship between adult growth hormone deficiency (aghd) and increased cardiovascular disease risk is very well known in hypopituitary patients treated with conventional hormone replacement therapy other than growth hormone (gh) administration. endothelial dysfunction, an early and reversible event in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, is associated with increased vascular smooth muscle tone, arterial stiffening and intima-media thickness (imt). coronary flow reserve (cfr) measurement by transt ... | 2007 | 17371470 |
| well-being, health-related quality of life and cardiovascular disease risk profile in women with subclinical thyroid disease - a community-based study. | the aim of this study was to evaluate whether subclinical thyroid disease is associated with impaired health-related quality of life and a more adverse cardiovascular disease risk profile. | 2007 | 17371474 |
| middle promoters constitute the most abundant and diverse class of promoters in bacteriophage t4. | the temporally regulated transcription program of bacteriophage t4 relies upon the sequential utilization of three classes of promoters: early, middle and late. here we show that middle promoters constitute perhaps the largest and the most diverse class of t4 promoters. in addition to 45 t4 middle promoters known to date, we mapped 13 new promoters, 10 of which deviate from the consensus mota box, with some of them having no obvious match to it. so, 30 promoters of 58 identified now deviate from ... | 2007 | 17371501 |
| neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in riyadh: analysis of six year's experience. | the regional screening program for congenital hypothyroidism (ch) in riyadh province was started as a pilot study in december 1988. by september 1990, the program covered all deliveries at the ministry of health (moh) and king saud university hospitals. the program utilizes cord serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) with a low recall rate of 0.1%. the average cost per specimen was sr 12 (us$ 3.20). among 283,647 infants screened, 83 infants were confirmed to have ch (incidence 1:3417). in 17 i ... | 1996 | 17372396 |
| molecular characterization of bacterial endosymbionts of acanthamoeba isolates from infected corneas of korean patients. | the endosymbionts of 4 strains of acanthamoeba (ka/e9, ka/e21, ka/e22, and ka/e23) isolated from the infected corneas of korean patients were characterized via orcein stain, transmission electron microscopic examination, and 16s rdna sequence analysis. double membrane-bound, rod-shaped endosymbionts were distributed randomly throughout both the trophozoites and cysts of each of acanthamoeba isolates. the endosymbionts of ka/e9, ka/e22, and ka/e23 were surrounded by electron-translucent areas. no ... | 2007 | 17374972 |
| [relationship between heart rate variability and serum levels of thyroid hormones, cortisol and prognosis in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome]. | to explore the relationship of autonomic nerve system regulation function in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) to hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and to find useful markers to predict the prognosis of patients with sirs. | 2007 | 17376271 |
| [construction of the prokaryotic expression vector for human amelogenin gene]. | to construct the prokaryotic expression vector for the gene encoding human amelogenin mature peptide. | 2007 | 17377708 |
| interleukin-6 enhancement after direct autologous retransfusion of shed thoracic blood does not influence haemodynamic stability following coronary artery bypass grafting. | direct autologous retransfusion of shed thoracic blood is carried out to reduce homologous transfusion after cardiac surgery, but it contains high concentrations of inflammatory mediators. the purpose of the study was to investigate whether retransfusion of shed thoracic blood induces plasma interleukin-6 (il-6) expression and influences haemodynamics. | 2007 | 17377856 |
| is a thymine dimer replicated via a transient abasic site intermediate? a comparative study using non-natural nucleotides. | uv light causes the formation of thymine dimers that can be misreplicated to induce mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. this report describes the use of a series of non-natural indolyl nucleotides in probing the ability of the high-fidelity bacteriophage t4 dna polymerase to replicate this class of dna lesion. kinetic data reveal that indolyl analogues containing large pi-electron surface areas are incorporated opposite the thymine dimer almost as effectively as an abasic site, a noninstructional le ... | 2007 | 17378586 |
| long-term results of chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer, using daily low-dose 5-fluorouracil and cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (cddp). | we evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of radiation combined with daily, low-dose protracted chemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer. | 2007 | 17380437 |
| hypothyroidism. | hypothyroidism, due to deficiency of circulating thyroid hormones, is a disease with wide ranging symptoms and signs affecting many systems and presenting to various specialists. once suspected it can be easily diagnosed by a simple blood test measuring serum thyroxine (t4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) levels. treatment of hypothyroidism is by giving levothyroxine orally, and the dose is to be titrated to keep the serum tsh within the normal range. the clinical entity of subclinical hyp ... | 2006 | 17380819 |
| hyperthyroidism. | hyperthyroidism is a clinical situation where there is excess thyroid hormones in the circulation due to increased synthesis of hormone from a hyperactive thyroid gland. common causes are graves' disease, toxic multinodular goitre and toxic solitary nodule. excess thyroid hormones in the circulation are also found in thyroiditis (hormone leakage) and excess exogenous thyroxine intake. thyrotoxicosis is the term applied when there is excess thyroid hormone in the circulation due to any cause. thy ... | 2006 | 17380820 |
| subclinical thyrotoxicosis. | subclinical thyrotoxicosis as a definite entity has been recognised with the development of highly sensitive immunometric tsh assays. the condition is characterised by suppressed tsh in presence of normal t3 and t4. it may be due to exogenous or endogenous causes. the risks may be osteoporosis and atrial fibrillation. exogenous subclinical thyrotoxicosis must be prevented by optimising laevothyroxine dosage. endogenous subclinical thyrotoxicosis may or may not be treated depending upon the clini ... | 2006 | 17380827 |
| health status, psychological symptoms, mood, and cognition in l-thyroxine-treated hypothyroid subjects. | many hypothyroid subjects receiving l-thyroxine (l-t4) complain of psychological symptoms or cognitive dysfunction. however, there is limited validated information on these self-reports. | 2007 | 17381359 |
| low prevalence of hypothyroidism among black and mulatto people in a population-based study of brazilian women. | objective african-americans have been shown to have low prevalence of hypothyroidism. brazil has a high ethnic admixture allowing further exploration into whether environmental factors can explain the ethnic differences. design a survey, representative of the population of rio de janeiro, a large metropolitan city in brazil. factors studied included race, parity, income, schooling, and smoking. population the survey was carried out in rio de janeiro whereby households (1500) were selected using ... | 2007 | 17381480 |
| prediagnostic prostate-specific antigen velocity and probability of detecting high-grade prostate cancer. | men with high-grade prostate cancer experience a survival benefit when androgen suppression therapy is combined with radiotherapy (rt) compared with rt alone. we evaluated whether an association exists between the pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (psa) velocity and high-grade prostate cancer at diagnosis, controlling for known predictors of high-grade disease. | 2007 | 17382156 |
| awake pulmonary metastasectomy. | general anesthesia with single-lung ventilation and bimanual lung palpation is considered mandatory in pulmonary metastasectomy. we assessed the safety, feasibility, and early results of awake pulmonary metastasectomy under sole thoracic epidural anesthesia. | 2007 | 17382634 |
| molecular alterations associated with bladder cancer progression. | clinically, superficial tumors (stages ta, tis, and t1) account for 75% to 85% of bladder neoplasms, while the remaining 15% to 25% are invasive (t2, t3, t4) or metastatic lesions at the time of initial presentation. more than 70% of patients with superficial tumors will have one or more recurrences after initial treatment, and about one third of those patients will progress and eventually die of the disease. new methods are needed to identify and monitor patients presenting with "high-risk" sup ... | 2007 | 17382791 |
| high-frequency phage-mediated gene transfer among escherichia coli cells, determined at the single-cell level. | recent whole-genome analysis suggests that lateral gene transfer by bacteriophages has contributed significantly to the genetic diversity of bacteria. to accurately determine the frequency of phage-mediated gene transfer, we employed cycling primed in situ amplification-fluorescent in situ hybridization (cprins-fish) and investigated the movement of the ampicillin resistance gene among escherichia coli cells mediated by phage at the single-cell level. phages p1 and t4 and the newly isolated e. c ... | 2007 | 17384307 |
| lymph node clearance after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: laparoscopic versus open approach. | laparoscopic resection of the rectum is still under scrutiny for its adequacy of oncological clearance. | 2007 | 17384514 |
| frequent silencing of runx3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas is associated with radioresistance and poor prognosis. | radiotherapy is an effective treatment for some esophageal cancers, but the molecular mechanisms of radiosensitivity remain unknown. runx3, a novel tumor suppressor of gastric cancer, functions in transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta-dependent apoptosis. we obtained paired samples from 62 patients with advanced esophageal cancers diagnosed initially as t3 or t4 with image diagnosis; one sample was obtained from a biopsy before presurgical radiotherapy, and the other was resected in surgical spe ... | 2007 | 17384682 |
| the structure of the atpase that powers dna packaging into bacteriophage t4 procapsids. | packaging the viral genome into empty procapsids, an essential event in the life cycle of tailed bacteriophages and some eukaryotic viruses, is a process that shares features with chromosome assembly. most viral procapsids possess a special vertex containing a dodecameric portal protein that is used for entry and exit of the viral genome. the portal and an atpase are parts of the genome-packaging machine. the atpase is required to provide energy for translocation and compaction of the negative c ... | 2007 | 17386269 |
| the effects of fusarium oxysporum on broomrape (orobanche egyptiaca) seed germination. | broomrape (orobanche aegyptiaca l.), one of the most important parasitic weeds in iran, is a root parasitic plant that can attack several crops such as tobacco, sunflower, tomato and etc. several methods were used for orobanche control, however these methods are inefficient and very costly. biological control is an additional recent tool for the control of parasitic weeds. in order to study of the fungus fusarium oxysporum (biocontrol agent) effects on broomrape seed germination, two laboratory ... | 2006 | 17390893 |
| comparison of pcr, microscopic examination and culture for the early diagnosis and characterization of acanthamoeba isolates from ocular infections. | in the study presented here, pcr, microscopic examination and culture of corneal samples were compared as methods of confirming the clinical diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis, a serious ocular infection that is difficult to diagnose and threatens eyesight. the three methods were applied to isolates obtained from 513 patients with clinical signs or risk factors suggesting acanthamoeba infection. acanthamoeba keratitis was diagnosed in 12 of these patients. combined pcr assays were more sensitiv ... | 2007 | 17393203 |
| gross anatomical study of the sympathetic cardiac nerves in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the sympathetic cardiac nerves originating from the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus) were examined using macroscopic and whole-mount immunohistochemical methods. based on the results, the nerves were macroscopically classified into the following three groups: nerves innervating the cervical sympathetic ganglia mainly to the arterial porta of the heart; nerves supplying the stellate and thoracic sympathetic ganglia at the level of t2-t5 or t ... | 2007 | 17393537 |
| emergence of pathogenic betanodaviruses belonging to the sjnnv genogroup in farmed fish species from the iberian peninsula. | betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (vnn) or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) in cultured marine fish. based on the rna2 gene fish nodaviruses have been traditionally classified into four different genotypes and recently a fifth genotype has been proposed. this study presents sequencing data of 24 new nodaviruses obtained from three different fish species: sea bass, dicentrarchux labrax (l.), sea bream, sparus aurata l., and senegalese sole, solea senegal ... | 2007 | 17394524 |
| is there any justification for the routine histological examination of straightforward cholecystectomy specimens? | gall bladder carcinoma is a rare malignancy that carries a very poor prognosis. laparoscopic cholecystectomy (lc) is established as the gold-standard treatment for symptomatic gall stones. the aim of the study was to assess the incidence of gall bladder carcinoma and the possibility of reducing the routine histological examination of gall bladder specimens. | 2007 | 17394706 |
| phase i trial of preoperative hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy with incorporated boost and oral capecitabine in locally advanced rectal cancer. | to determine the safety and efficacy of preoperative hypofractionated radiotherapy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (imrt) and an incorporated boost with concurrent capecitabine in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. | 2007 | 17394942 |
| rapamycin prevents thyroid hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy. | thyroid hormones (ths) have many effects on the cardiovascular system including cardiac hypertrophy. although ths induce cardiac hypertrophy, the mechanism through which they exert this effect is unknown. we previously found that ths activate signaling related to increased protein synthesis [mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and p70 s6 kinase] in the heart. it is unknown whether this activation contributes to th-induced hypertrophy or whether it is merely incidental. in this study, we used ra ... | 2007 | 17395699 |
| suppression of iodide uptake and thyroid hormone synthesis with stimulation of the type i interferon system by double-stranded ribonucleic acid in cultured human thyroid follicles. | although viral infection is thought to be associated with subacute thyroiditis and probably with autoimmune thyroid disease, possible changes in thyroid function during the prodromal period of infection or subclinical infection remain largely unknown. recently, it was shown that pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulate toll-like receptors (tlr) and activate innate immune responses by producing type i interferons (ifn). using a human thyroid follicle culture system, in which de novo synth ... | 2007 | 17395700 |
| quantifying spurious free t4 results attributable to thyroxine-binding proteins in serum dialysates and ultrafiltrates. | direct equilibrium dialysis and direct ultrafiltration free thyroxine (t(4)) assays rely on semipermeable membranes to exclude t(4)-binding serum proteins from dialysates and ultrafiltrates. the presence of these proteins in dialysates or ultrafiltrates will yield spuriously high free t(4) values when free t(4) is quantified by ria. | 2007 | 17395710 |
| insertion of a homing endonuclease creates a genes-in-pieces ribonucleotide reductase that retains function. | in bacterial and phage genomes, coding regions are sometimes interrupted by self-splicing introns or inteins, which can encode mobility-promoting homing endonucleases. homing endonuclease genes are also found free-standing (not intron- or intein-encoded) in phage genomes where they are inserted in intergenic regions. one example is the hnh family endonuclease, mobe, inserted between the large (nrda) and small (nrdb) subunit genes of aerobic ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) of t-even phages t4, rb2 ... | 2007 | 17395719 |
| clinical and prognostic significances of nuclear and cytoplasmic kit expressions in extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas. | after receiving fda approval as a therapeutic regimen in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate has been applied to the treatment of other solid malignant neoplasms. to evaluate the usefulness of imatinib mesylate as a possible therapeutic regimen in extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas, an immunohistochemical study for kit was performed in 289 cases of extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas, and mutational analysis of exon 11 of the c-kit gene was performed in ... | 2007 | 17396144 |
| prognostic factors depicting disease-specific survival in parotid-gland tumors. | to identify significant prognostic factors that can be used in clinical decision-making with regard to parotid cancer, which is characterized by a complex and diverse group of tumors with variable outcomes. | 2007 | 17398019 |