| [efficient soluble expression and purification of influenza a nucleoprotein in escherichia coli]. | to efficiently express nucleoprotein (np) of influenza a virus a/jingke/30/95 (h3n2) in e. coli for further immunogenicity study, three forms of np gene, np(his) (np fused with 6 x his tag), npwt (wild type np, non-fused np with native codon) and np(o) (codon optimized, non-fused np) were cloned by the technologies of restriction enzyme digestion, pcr, codon optimization and gene synthesis. three recombinant plasmids were subsequently constructed based on the prokaryotic vector pet-30a, respecti ... | 2011 | 21462506 |
| molecular and antigenic characterization of triple-reassortant h3n2 swine influenza viruses isolated from pigs, turkey and quail in canada. | in 2005, triple-reassortant h3n2 (trh3n2) influenza a viruses were isolated from swine and turkeys in canada. subsequently, these viruses were isolated from humans and mink in 2006 and 2007, respectively. following full genome sequencing, h3n2 viruses isolated from turkeys (2005), quail (2008) and swine (2009) in canada, were characterized as trh3n2. the 2005 turkey isolate was found to be almost identical to other viruses isolated in that year, with quail and pig isolates related very closely t ... | 2011 | 21463498 |
| exploring the size limit of templates for inhibitors of the m2 ion channel of influenza a virus. | amantadine inhibits the m2 proton channel of influenza a virus, yet its clinical use has been limited by the rapid emergence of amantadine-resistant virus strains. we have synthesized and characterized a series of polycyclic compounds designed as ring-contracted or ring-expanded analogues of amantadine. inhibition of the wild-type (wt) m2 channel and the a/m2-s31n and a/m2-v27a mutant ion channels were measured in xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage clamp (tev) assays. several bisnoradam ... | 2011 | 21466220 |
| rapid detection of influenza a virus infection utilizing an immunomagnetic bead-based microfluidic system. | this study reports a new immunomagnetic bead-based microfluidic system for the rapid detection of influenza a virus infection by performing a simple two-step diagnostic process that includes a magnetic bead-based fluorescent immunoassay (fia) and an end-point optical analysis. with the incorporation of monoclonal antibody (mab)-conjugated immunomagnetic beads, target influenza a viral particles such as a/h(1)n(1) and a/h(3)n(2) can be specifically recognized and are bound onto the surface of the ... | 2011 | 21466957 |
| genetic composition of contemporary swine influenza viruses in the west central region of the united states of america. | because of continuous circulation in different animal species and humans, influenza viruses have host-specific phenotypic and genetic features. reassortment of the genome segments can significantly change virus phenotype, potentially generating virus with pandemic potential. in 2009, a new pandemic influenza virus emerged. | 2011 | 21477138 |
| neutrophils sustain effective cd8(+) t-cell responses in the respiratory tract following influenza infection. | neutrophils have an important role in early host protection during influenza a virus infection. their ability to modulate the virus-specific adaptive immune response is less clear. here, we have used a mouse model to examine the impact of neutrophils on cd8(+) t-cell responses during influenza virus infection. cd8(+) t-cell priming, expansion, migration, cytokine secretion and cytotoxic capacity were investigated in the virus-infected airways and secondary lymphoid organs. to do this, we utilise ... | 2011 | 21483446 |
| potential role of invariant nkt cells in the control of pulmonary inflammation and cd8+ t cell response during acute influenza a virus h3n2 pneumonia. | influenza a virus (iav) infection results in a highly contagious respiratory illness leading to substantial morbidity and occasionally death. in this report, we assessed the in vivo physiological contribution of invariant nkt (inkt) lymphocytes, a subset of lipid-reactive αβ t lymphocytes, on the host response and viral pathogenesis using a virulent, mouse-adapted, iav h3n2 strain. upon infection with a lethal dose of iav, inkt cells become activated in the lungs and bronchoalveolar space to bec ... | 2011 | 21490153 |
| [hemagglutinin gene of influenza a (h3n2) virus from human samples in the 2009 influenza epidemic in chengdu]. | to study the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza a (h3n2) virus in the 2009 influenza epidemics in chengdu. | 2011 | 21500568 |
| boom and bust cycles in virus growth suggest multiple selective forces in influenza a evolution. | abstract: background: influenza a virus evolution in humans is driven at least in part by mutations allowing the virus to escape antibody neutralization. little is known about the evolution of influenza in birds, a major reservoir of influenza a. methods: neutralizing polyclonal antiserum was raised in chicken against reassortant influenza virus, calx, bearing the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) of a/california/7/2004 [h3n2]. calx was serially passaged in the presence of anti-calx poly ... | 2011 | 21501520 |
| the ns1 protein of influenza a virus interacts with heat shock protein hsp90 in human alveolar basal epithelial cells: implication for virus-induced apoptosis. | abstract: | 2011 | 21501532 |
| vereflu™: an integrated multiplex rt-pcr and microarray assay for rapid detection and identification of human influenza a and b viruses using lab-on-chip technology. | threatening sporadic outbreaks of avian influenza and the h1n1 pandemic of 2009 highlight the need for rapid and accurate detection and typing of influenza viruses. in this paper, we describe the validation of the vereflu™ lab-on-chip influenza assay, which is based on the integration of two technologies: multiplex reverse transcription (rt)-pcr followed by microarray amplicon detection. this assay simultaneously detects five influenza virus subtypes, including the 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n ... | 2011 | 21503642 |
| virulence and genetic compatibility of polymerase reassortant viruses derived from the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus and circulating influenza a viruses. | gene mutations and reassortment are key mechanisms by which influenza a virus acquires virulence factors. to evaluate the role of the viral polymerase replication machinery in producing virulent pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza viruses, we generated various polymerase point mutants (pb2: 627k/701n, pb1: expression of pb1-f2 protein, and pa : 97i) and reassortant viruses with various sourse of influenza viruses by reverse genetics. although the point mutations produced no significant change in path ... | 2011 | 21507962 |
| lack of transmission of a human influenza virus with avian receptor specificity between ferrets is not due to decreased virus shedding, but rather a lower infectivity in vivo. | influenza virus attaches to host cells by sialic acid (sa). human influenza viruses show preferential affinity for α2,6 linked sa whereas avian influenza viruses bind α2,3 linked sa. mutation of the haemagglutinin receptor binding site of a human h3n2 influenza a virus to switch binding to α2,3 sa did not abrogate infection of ferrets but prevented transmission even in a co-housed model. the mutant virus was shed from the noses of ferrets directly inoculated with virus in the same amounts and fo ... | 2011 | 21508186 |
| shedding of ann arbor strain live attenuated influenza vaccine virus in children 6-59 months of age. | a trivalent, ann arbor strain, live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) is approved for use in children 24 months of age and older in a number of countries. the incidence, duration, and other parameters of viral shedding after vaccination with laiv have not been fully described in children ≤5 years of age. | 2011 | 21513761 |
| evolution of the influenza a virus untranslated regions. | in case of the influenza virus, untranslated regions are considered to possess plural functions. the specific packaging model suggests that each of eight segments contains a unique "packaging signal", situated within the untranslated region and coding regions at the 5' and 3' ends of the genomic rna. in addition to packaging signal, utrs play key roles in polyadenylation and signals for genomic replication. in the present study, we report the evolutionary characteristics of untranslated regions ... | 2011 | 21515407 |
| [safety and immunogenicity on the formulation of trivalent split influenza vaccine among healthy people aged over 18 years.] | objective: to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of split influenza vaccine (anflu(®)). methods: an open-labeled clinical trial was carried out in adults aged 18 - 60 years and elders aged over 60 years from august to september, 2010 in shenyang, liaoning province. one dose of split influenza vaccine was administered and adverse events were observed. serum samples were obtained prior to vaccination and 21 days post vaccination. a/h1n1, a/h3n2 and b antibodies against influenza virus were mea ... | 2011 | 21518617 |
| spinned poisson distribution with health management application. | consider a data collection setup during a spread of an infectious disease. examples include severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) or influenza a virus h3n2. the health management in such scenarios quickly removes the infected cases before the data collection is completed. the estimate of the incidence rate or the chance for anyone to be immune requires using a correct probability distribution. the usual poisson distribution is inappropriate because of the impact of removing infected cases on ... | 2011 | 21519931 |
| antigenic and genetic variation in the hemagglutinins of h1n1 and h3n2 human influenza a viruses in the shanghai area from 2005 to 2008. | continued rapid evolution of the influenza a virus is responsible for annual epidemics and occasional pandemics in the shanghai area. in the present study, the representative strains of a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 influenza viruses isolated in the shanghai area from 2005 to 2008 were antigenically and genetically characterized. the antigenic cartography method was carried out to visualize the hemagglutination-inhibition data. antigenic differences were detected between circulating a/h1n1 strains isolated ... | 2011 | 21520138 |
| changes in surveillance of acute respiratory infections including influenza in the slovak republic during 1993-2008. | the authors evaluated surveillance of acute respiratory infections (ari), influenza and influenza-like illnesses (ili) in the slovak republic (sr). they analyze morbidity, age-specific morbidity, complications, mortality, number of influenza viruses isolations and vaccination coverage rates in the sr in the years 1993-2008. they focus mainly on the analysis during the epidemic. most epidemics have been caused by influenza virus a subtype h3n2. the age group mostly affected by morbidity during th ... | 2011 | 21526651 |
| [genetic characterization of ha1 gene of influenza h3n2 virus isolates during 2008-2009 in zhuhai, china]. | to understand the ha1 genetic variation characterization of influenza h3n2 virus isolates in zhu-hai during 2008-2009, we selected 20 of h3n2 influenza strains cultured in mdck cell. viral rnas were extracted and amplified by using rt-pcr. the amplified products were purified after identified by gel electrophoresis and then the nucleotide sequences of the amplicons were determined. the results were analyzed by the software clustalx and mega4. 1. when compared with the amino acid sequences of the ... | 2011 | 21528535 |
| rapid estimation of binding activity of influenza virus hemagglutinin to human and avian receptors. | a critical step for avian influenza viruses to infect human hosts and cause epidemics or pandemics is acquisition of the ability of the viral hemagglutinin (ha) to bind to human receptors. however, current global influenza surveillance does not monitor ha binding specificity due to a lack of rapid and reliable assays. here we report a computational method that uses an effective scoring function to quantify ha-receptor binding activities with high accuracy and speed. application of this method re ... | 2011 | 21533248 |
| a nanobeads amplified qcm immunosensor for the detection of avian influenza virus h5n1. | as a potential pandemic threat to human health, there has been an urgent need for rapid detection of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (ai) h5n1 virus. in this study, magnetic nanobeads amplification based quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) immunosensor was developed as a new method and application for ai h5n1 virus detection. polyclonal antibodies against ai h5n1 virus surface antigen ha (hemagglutinin) were immobilized on the gold surface of the qcm crystal through self-assembled monolayer ... | 2011 | 21536419 |
| influenza virus aerosol exposure and analytical system for ferrets. | understanding the transmission ability of newly emerging influenza viruses is central to the development of public health preparedness and prevention strategies. animals are used to model influenza virus infection and transmission, but the routinely used intranasal inoculation of a liquid virus suspension does not reflect natural infection. we report the development of an inoculation method that delivers an influenza virus aerosol inoculum to ferrets and the characterization of size distribution ... | 2011 | 21536880 |
| virological surveillance in africa can contribute to early detection of new genetic and antigenic lineages of influenza viruses. | in africa, the burden of influenza is largely unknown since surveillance schemes exist in very few countries. the national institute of hygiene in morocco implemented a sentinel network for influenza surveillance in 1996. | 2011 | 21537068 |
| low immunogenicity of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine among patients receiving docetaxel for a solid tumour: results of a prospective pilot study. | background:patients receiving cytotoxic therapy for solid tumours are at risk of severe influenza. however, few data are available regarding the immunogenical efficacy of influenza vaccine in these patients.methods:in this prospective study, 25 patients with breast (n=13) or prostate (n=12) cancer received a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine along with docetaxel (taxotere) administration. the influenza virus type a and b antibody titres were measured using haemagglutinin inhibition (garten ... | 2011 | 21540859 |
| characterization of a recombinant influenza vaccine candidate using complementary lc-ms methods. | influenza vaccination is recognized as the most effective method for reducing morbidity and mortality due to seasonal influenza. to improve vaccine supply and to increase flexibility in vaccine manufacturing, cell culture-based vaccine production has emerged to overcome limitations of egg-based production. the switch of production system and the need for annual re-evaluation of vaccines for the effectiveness due to frequent viral antigenic changes call for methods for complete characterization o ... | 2011 | 21542793 |
| quantifying selection and diversity in viruses by entropy methods, with application to the haemagglutinin of h3n2 influenza. | many viruses evolve rapidly. for example, haemagglutinin (ha) of the h3n2 influenza a virus evolves to escape antibody binding. this evolution of the h3n2 virus means that people who have previously been exposed to an influenza strain may be infected by a newly emerged virus. in this paper, we use shannon entropy and relative entropy to measure the diversity and selection pressure by an antibody in each amino acid site of h3 ha between the 1992-1993 season and the 2009-2010 season. shannon entro ... | 2011 | 21543352 |
| intranasal immunization of ferrets with commercial trivalent influenza vaccines formulated in a nanoemulsion-based adjuvant. | nb-1008 is a surfactant-stabilized soybean oil-in-water nanoemulsion (ne) adjuvant with influenza antigen incorporated into the ne by simple mixing. intranasal administration of the antigen with ne adjuvant efficiently produces both mucosal and serum antibody responses as well as a robust cellular th1 immune response. to demonstrate the adjuvant effect of the w(80)5ec ne, a killed commercial influenza vaccine for intramuscular administration (fluzone® or fluvirin®), were mixed with the w(80)5ec ... | 2011 | 21543588 |
| pa residues in the 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza virus enhance avian virus polymerase activity in mammalian cells. | the 2009 pandemic influenza virus (ph1n1) is a swine-origin reassortant containing human, avian, and swine influenza genes. we have previously shown that the polymerase complex of the ph1n1 strain a/california/04/2009 (cal) is highly active in mammalian 293t cells, despite the avian origin of both its pa and pb2. in this study, we analyzed the polymerase residues that are responsible for high ph1n1 polymerase activity in the mammalian host. characterization of polymerase complexes containing var ... | 2011 | 21561908 |
| influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitory activity of phlorotannins from the edible brown alga ecklonia cava. | influenza a virus infections continue to pose a major threat to humans and several animal species. neuraminidase (na) is one of the most promising targets for the development of drugs against influenza viruses because of its critical role in the viral life cycle. during the course of a search for na inhibitors from edible natural sources, we found that the ethyl acetate layer of ethanol extracts of ecklonia cava showed extremely high na-inhibitory activity (72.1% inhibition at 30 μg/ml). bioacti ... | 2011 | 21585204 |
| design and performance of the cdc real-time rt-pcr swine flu panel for detection of 2009 a (h1n1) pandemic influenza virus. | swine influenza viruses (siv), have been shown to sporadically infect humans, and are infrequently identified by influenza division of the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) after being received as unsubtypable influenza a virus samples. real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr) procedures for detection and characterization of north american lineage (n.am) siv were developed and implemented at cdc for rapid identification of specimens from cases of suspected infections with siv. these procedures ... | 2011 | 21593260 |
| [in vitro and in vivo efficacy of ingavirin against strains of pandemic influenza virus a(h1n1/09)v]. | to study efficacy of ingavirin in vitro and in vivo against strains of pandemic influenza virus a(h1n1/09)v and influenza virus a(h5n1) and a(h3n2). | 2011 | 21598625 |
| intramuscular immunization of mice with live influenza virus is more immunogenic and offers greater protection than immunization with inactivated virus. | abstract: background: influenza virus continues to cause significant hospitalization rates in infants and young children. a 2-dose regime of trivalent inactivated vaccine is required to generate protective levels of hemagglutination inhibiting (hai) antibodies. a vaccine preparation with enhanced immunogenicity is therefore desirable. methods: mice were inoculated intramuscularly (im) with live and inactivated preparations of a/wisconsin/67/2005 (h3n2). serum cytokine levels, hemagglutinin (ha)- ... | 2011 | 21600020 |
| influenza a/h1n1pdm virus in russian asia in 2009-2010. | in total 3566 blood sera samples were collected in the russian far east and central and western siberia in 2009-2010. the presence of antibodies to influenza a/h1n1pdm, seasonal h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses in the sera was tested in the hemagglutination inhibition test. 29.5% of samples from the far east were positive to pandemic influenza, this value for central and western siberia is 2-fold lower (12.8% and 11%, respectively). fifty-six influenza a/h1n1pdm viruses were isolated during 2009- ... | 2011 | 21600305 |
| cross-protection of chicken igy antibodies passively administered in mice against h5n1 and h1n1 viruses. | influenza viruses remain a major threat to global health due to their ability to undergo change through antigenic drift and antigenic shift. we postulated that avian igy antibodies represent a low-cost, effective and well-tolerated approach that can be easily scaled up to produce enormous quantities of protective antibodies. these igy antibodies can be administered passively in humans (orally and intranasally), and can be used to quickly and safely help in the fight against an influenza pandemic ... | 2011 | 21613458 |
| phylogenetic analysis of an off-seasonal influenza virus a (h3n2) in niigata, japan, 2010. | the objective of this study was to characterize the off-seasonal influenza virus a subtype h3n2, which caused an outbreak in an elderly hospital in niigata, japan. virus isolates were subtyped by the hemagglutination-inhibition test and screened for antiviral drug sensitivity by real-time pcr using cycling probe technology the and 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) method. whole genome sequencing was performed in order to determine the phylogeny of the outbreak virus. seven virus isolates wer ... | 2011 | 21617310 |
| the dimer interface of the effector domain of non-structural protein 1 from influenza a virus: an interface with multiple functions. | non-structural protein 1 from influenza a virus, ns1a, is a key multifunctional virulence factor comprised of two domains: an n-terminal double-stranded rna (dsrna)-binding domain (rbd) and a c-terminal effector domain (ed). isolated rbd and ed domains of ns1a both exist as homodimers in solution. in spite of recent crystal structures of isolated ed and full-length ns1a proteins from different influenza virus strains, controversy remains over the actual biologically relevant ed dimer interface. ... | 2011 | 21622573 |
| anti-influenza activity of marchantins, macrocyclic bisbibenzyls contained in liverworts. | the h1n1 influenza a virus of swine-origin caused pandemics throughout the world in 2009 and the highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus has also caused epidemics in southeast asia in recent years. the threat of influenza a thus remains a serious global health issue and novel drugs that target these viruses are highly desirable. influenza a possesses an endonuclease within its rna polymerase which comprises pa, pb1 and pb2 subunits. to identify potential new anti-influenza compounds in our ... | 2011 | 21625478 |
| adamantane resistance in seasonal human influenza a viruses from calgary, alberta (january 2007 to august 2008). | the available antivirals for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza a infections include the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine), which are matrix (m2) protein inhibitors, and the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir). resistance to the adamantanes is conferred by mutations at amino acid positions 26, 27, 30, 31 or 34 within the m2 protein of influenza a viruses. a significant increase in adamantane resistance has been reported worldwide since 2003, reflected by a similar ... | 2010 | 21629611 |
| variation in the analysis of positively selected sites using nonsynonymous/synonymous rate ratios: an example using influenza virus. | sites in a gene showing the nonsynonymous/synonymous rate ratio (ω) >1 have been frequently identified to be under positive selection. to examine the performance of such analysis, sites of the ω ratio >1 in the ha1 gene of h3n2 subtype human influenza viruses were identified from seven overlapping sequence data sets in this study. our results showed that the sites of the ω ratio >1 were of significant variation among the data sets even though they targeted similar clusters, indicating that the a ... | 2011 | 21629696 |
| severe canine influenza in dogs correlates with hyperchemokinemia and high viral load. | canine influenza virus (civ) is an emerging pathogen that causes acute respiratory disease in dogs. to better understand the mechanism(s) responsible for the virulence of the virus, we conducted immunological, virological, clinical, and histopathological analyses in civ-infected dogs. civ replicated efficiently in the respiratory system of dogs and caused severe respiratory disease. notably, the infection induced the marked elevation and sustained expression of chemokines that resulted in severe ... | 2011 | 21632085 |
| update: influenza activity --- united states, 2010--11 season, and composition of the 2011--12 influenza vaccine. | during the 2010--11 influenza season, influenza activity* first began to increase in the southeastern united states, and peaked nationally in early february. compared with the previous pandemic year (2009--10), higher rates of hospitalization were observed for persons aged ≥65 years during the 2010--11 season, whereas lower hospitalization rates were observed in younger populations than during the pandemic year. overall, the percentages of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) were ... | 2011 | 21637185 |
| neutralizing antibody but not hemagglutination antibody provides accurate evaluation for protective immune response to h5n1 avian influenza virus in vaccinated rabbits. | in order to develop an animal model and an assay method to evaluate protective immune response to h5n1 avian influenza vaccination, h5n1 avian influenza vaccine was prepared. new zealand rabbits were assigned to receive two doses of vaccine with different hemagglutinin (ha) dosage. the sera from vaccinated rabbits was evaluated to determine antibody titer and specificity using different tested methods including hemagglutination inhibition assay (hi), neutralizing assay (nt), cross-hi assay, cros ... | 2011 | 21645575 |
| cross-protective immunity to influenza ph1n1 2009 viruses induced by seasonal a(h3n2) virus is mediated by virus-specific t cells. | influenza a(h1n1) viruses of swine origin were introduced into the human population in 2009 and caused a pandemic. the disease burden in the elderly was relatively low, which was attributed to the presence of cross-reacting serum antibodies raised against seasonal influenza a(h1n1) viruses that circulated before 1957 in this age group. it has been described that also infection with heterosubtypic influenza viruses can induce some degree of protection against infection with a novel strain of infl ... | 2011 | 21653752 |
| effect of reassortment on the nucleotide and amino acid changes of human a/h3n2 rnp subunits during 1998-2009. | the ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex of influenza virus consists of four subunits pb2, pb1, pa, and np, which are essential for replication. while reassortment plays an important role in the evolution and virulence of influenza viruses, limited studies have investigated the effect of reassortment on the evolution of the internal rnp subunits. | 2011 | 21665531 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of highly water-soluble polycarboxylic derivatives of [70]fullerene. | we report here a facile preparation of highly water-soluble derivatives c(70)[p-c(6)h(4)(ch(2))(n)cooh](8) (n = 2, 3) starting from readily available chlorinated [70]fullerene precursors c(70)cl(8) and c(70)cl(10). the synthesized fullerene derivatives showed pronounced antiviral activity in vitro, particularly against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and influenza a virus (subtypes h1n1 and h3n2). | 2011 | 21666897 |
| induction of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors in human normal respiratory epithelial cells infected with seasonal h1n1, 2009 pandemic h1n1, seasonal h3n2, and highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza virus. | respiratory epithelial cells are one of main targets for infections caused by influenza viruses. recently, the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors (tlrs) in normal human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells infected with seasonal h1n1, 2009 pandemic h1n1, seasonal h3n2, or highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza virus were studied to understand the pathogenesis and early immune responses. the cells were productively infected with the viruses. among the inflammatory cytokines t ... | 2011 | 21668359 |
| isolation of novel triple-reassortant swine h3n2 influenza viruses possessing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of a seasonal influenza virus in vietnam in 2010. | please cite this paper as: ngo et-áal. (2011) isolation of novel triple-reassortant swine h3n2 influenza viruses possessing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of a seasonal influenza virus in vietnam in 2010. influenza and other respiratory viruses doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00267.x. surveillance of swine influenza viruses (sivs) in 31 pig farms in northern and southern parts of vietnam was conducted. six h3n2 influenza a viruses were isolated from a pig farm in southern vietnam. they ... | 2011 | 21668659 |
| epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009. | please cite this paper as: zuccotti et┬áal. (2011) epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009. influenza and other respiratory viruses. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00263.x. backgroundôçé seasonal influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are primary causes of acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in children. new respiratory viruses including human metapneumovirus (hmpv ... | 2011 | 21668662 |
| comparison of clinical features and outcomes of medically attended influenza a and influenza b in a defined population over four seasons: 2004-2005 through 2007-2008. | please cite this paper as: irving et┬áal. (2011) comparison of clinical features and outcomes of medically attended influenza a and influenza b in a defined population over four seasons: 2004-2005 through 2007-2008. influenza and other respiratory viruses doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00263.x. backgroundôçé there are few prospectively collected data comparing illnesses caused by different subtypes of influenza. we compared the clinical presentation and outcomes of subjects with primarily outpati ... | 2011 | 21668663 |
| pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses among patients with acute respiratory illness in kashmir (india). | please cite this paper as: koul pa., et┬áal. (2011) pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses among patients with acute respiratory illness in kashmir (india). influenza and other respiratory viruses. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00261.x. backgroundôçé with the emergence of pandemic influenza a (2009a/h1n1) virus in india, we sought to determine the prevalence and clinical presentations of seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses among acute respiratory illness (ari) patients from srinagar, a temp ... | 2011 | 21668665 |
| pandemic influenza in africa, lessons learned from 1968: a systematic review of the literature. | please cite this paper as: ortiz et al. (2011) pandemic influenza in africa, lessons learned from 1968: a systematic review of the literature. influenza and other respiratory viruses doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00257.x. backgroundôçé to help understand the potential impact of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic in africa, we reviewed published data from africa of the two previous influenza pandemics. methodsôçé we conducted a systematic search of three biomedical databases for articles in any language on 1 ... | 2011 | 21668669 |
| estimation of type- and subtype-specific influenza vaccine effectiveness in victoria, australia using a test negative case control method, 2007-2008. | antigenic variation of influenza virus necessitates annual reformulation of seasonal influenza vaccines, which contain two type a strains (h1n1 and h3n2) and one type b strain. we used a test negative case control design to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) against influenza by type and subtype over two consecutive seasons in victoria, australia. | 2011 | 21669006 |
| patchouli alcohol: in vitro direct anti-influenza virus sesquiterpene in pogostemon cablin benth. | during the screening of anti-influenza virus substances from traditional herbal medicines, the methanol extract from the leaves of pogostemon cablin benth. showed potent in vitro antiviral activity (99.8% inhibition at a concentration of 10 μg/ml) against influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (h1n1). the anti-influenza virus principle was isolated from the hexane-soluble fraction, through solvent fractionation, repeated silica gel column chromatography, and reversed-phase hplc. the major active principle ... | 2011 | 21671149 |
| comparison of two real-time rt-pcr-based systems for the detection and typing of the pandemic influenza a virus, 2009. | during the 2009 pandemic the virology laboratory of l. spallanzani, rome, italy, adopted a real-time rt-pcr developed by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), atlanta, georgia to diagnose pandemic influenza a/h1n1 (h1n1pdm). a new multiplex real-time rt-pcr distributed by astra diagnostics, coupled with the extraction system developed and commercialized by siemens healthcare diagnostics (referred to as the realstar system), was tested for the ability to detect and type influenza ... | 2011 | 21807027 |
| viral genetic sequence variations in pandemic h1n1/2009 and seasonal h3n2 influenza viruses within an individual, a household and a community. | background: there are few data in the literature on viral sequence variation between host generations/successive transmission events. relatively little is known about the sequence heterogeneity of the influenza viruses transmitted within families. objectives: to study the molecular epidemiology of influenza virus and to determine the sequence variation within an individual, a household and a community during the first wave of influenza pandemic in 2009. study design: a prospective study of house ... | 2011 | 21802983 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors for swine influenza zoonotic transmission in swine workers from northwestern mexico. | summary a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the transmission of swine influenza through occupational exposure and to assess some risk factors for zoonotic transmission in workers from commercial farms in mexico. seroprevalence to swine influenza subtypes was determined by hemagglutinin inhibition assay and was higher in exposed (e), in comparison with unexposed (ue) participants (p < 0.05). percentages of seropositivity between ue and e were 28.57% and 19.35% to a/newcaledonia/20/9 ... | 2011 | 21801341 |
| evolution of h3n2 influenza virus in a guinea pig model. | studies of influenza virus evolution under controlled experimental conditions can provide a better understanding of the consequences of evolutionary processes with and without immunological pressure. characterization of evolved strains assists in the development of predictive algorithms for both the selection of subtypes represented in the seasonal influenza vaccine and the design of novel immune refocused vaccines. to obtain data on the evolution of influenza in a controlled setting, naïve and ... | 2011 | 21799726 |
| prediction of probable mutations in influenza virus hemagglutinin protein based on large-scale ab initio fragment molecular orbital calculations. | ab initio electronic-state calculations for influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) trimer complexed with fab antibody were performed on the basis of the fragment molecular orbital (fmo) method at the second and third-order møller-plesset (mp2 and mp3) perturbation levels. for the protein complex containing 2351 residues and 36,160 atoms, the inter-fragment interaction energies (ifies) were evaluated to illustrate the effective interactions between all the pairs of amino acid residues. by analyzing t ... | 2011 | 21798776 |
| synthesis, antiviral and cytotoxic investigation of 2-phenyl-3-substituted quinazolin-4(3h)-ones. | a series of 3(benzylideneamino)-2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3h)-ones was synthesized by reaction of 3-amino-2-phenyl-3h-quinazoline-4-one with various carbonyl compounds. | 2011 | 21796872 |
| critical role of serpinb1 in regulating inflammatory responses in pulmonary influenza infection. | background. excessive inflammatory host response increases morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal respiratory influenza, and highly pathogenic virus strains are characterized by massive infiltration of monocytes and/or macrophages that produce a storm of injurious cytokines. methods. here, we examined the role in respiratory influenza of serpinb1, an endogenous inhibitor of the serine proteases elastase, cathepsin g, and proteinase-3, increasingly recognized as regulators of inflammati ... | 2011 | 21791661 |
| [compare real-time rt-pcr with two culture methods for influenza virus detection]. | real-time rt-pcr, cell culture and embryonated eggs culture for influenza detection were compared by analyzing the data of influenza surveillance in shenzhen in second half of 2009. | 2011 | 21789860 |
| strength and tempo of selection revealed in viral gene genealogies. | abstract: background: rna viruses evolve extremely quickly, allowing them to rapidly adapt to new environmental conditions. viral pathogens, such as influenza virus, exploit this capacity for evolutionary change to persist within the human population despite substantial immune pressure. understanding the process of adaptation in these viral systems is essential to our efforts to combat infectious disease. results: through analysis of simulated populations and sequence data from influenza a (h3n2 ... | 2011 | 21787390 |
| [restriction analysis of genome composition of live influenza vaccine]. | live attenuated cold-adapted influenza vaccine (liv) has been used in russia for over 50 years and proved to be safe and effective. currently, russian reassortant laiv is based on influenza aileningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2) and b/ussr/60/69 master donor viruses (mdvs) which are cold-adapted (ca), temperature-sensitive (ts), and attenuated (att), respectively. the mdvs are used to generate attenuated reassortant vaccine viruses containing the surface antigens of current wild type (wt) influenza a (hin ... | 2011 | 21786624 |
| [monoclonal antibodies with high virus-neutralizing activity against pandemic influenza virus a/llv-moscow/01/2009 (h1n1)swl]. | the authors have obtained a panel of 7 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against pandemic influenza virus a/iiv-moscow/01/2009 (hin1)swl isolated in russia. one mab is directed to a np protein linear epitope and interacts with all the influenza a viruses under study. six other mabs are directed to h1 hemagglutinin conformation-dependent determinants and detect homologous virus in the hemagglutination-inhibition test, enzyme immunoassay, immunofluorescence and virus neutralization tests. mabs differen ... | 2011 | 21786621 |
| integrating silicon nanowire field effect transistor, microfluidics and air sampling techniques for real-time monitoring biological aerosols. | numerous threats from biological aerosol exposures, such as those from h1n1 influenza, sars, bird flu, and bioterrorism activities necessitate the development of a real-time bioaerosol sensing system, which however is a long-standing challenge in the field. here, we developed a real-time monitoring system for airborne influenza h3n2 viruses by integrating electronically addressable silicon nanowire (sinw) sensor devices, microfluidics and bioaerosol-to-hydrosol air sampling techniques. when airb ... | 2011 | 21780777 |
| a novel monoclonal antibody effective against lethal challenge with swine-lineage and 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza viruses in mice. | the ha protein of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 viruses (h1n1pdm) is antigenically closely related to the ha of classical north american swine h1n1 influenza viruses (ch1n1). since 1998, through mutation and reassortment of ha genes from human h3n2 and h1n1 influenza viruses, swine influenza strains are undergoing substantial antigenic drift and shift. in this report we describe the development of a novel monoclonal antibody (s-oiv-3b2) that shows high hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and neutralizatio ... | 2011 | 21774955 |
| [immune protective effectiveness of seasonal influenza spilt vaccine against homologous and heterogonous subtypes of influenza virus in mice]. | to investigate the seasonal influenza split vaccine's immune protective effectiveness against the homologous and heterogonous subtypes of influenza a virus challenge and the relationship between the protective effectiveness and hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody titer in mice. two components of h1n1 and h3n2 in chinese 2008-2009 seasonal influenza spilt vaccine, were derived from vaccine strain a/brisbane/59/2007 (h1n1)-like virus and a/brisbane/10/2007 (h3n2)-like virus respectively, and ... | 2011 | 21774253 |
| pandemic (h1n1) 2009 and hajj pilgrims who received predeparture vaccination, egypt. | in egypt, vaccination against pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus was required of pilgrims departing for the 2009 hajj. a survey of 551 pilgrims as they returned to egypt found 542 (98.1% [weighted]) reported receiving the vaccine; 6 (1.0% [weighted]) were infected with influenza virus a (h3n2) but none with pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus. | 2011 | 21762583 |
| discovery of dihydro-alkyloxy-benzyl-oxopyrimidines as promising anti-influenza virus agents. | a series of novel dihydro-alkyloxy-benzyl-oxopyrimidine (dabo) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their activity against influenza virus in mdck cells. four dabo derivatives (4a1, 4a2, 4a3, and 4d1) showed potent activity against influenza virus. among them, compound 4a3 was the most promising lead with broad activity against influenza a (antiviral ec(50) values of 9 and 18 µm for the a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 subtype, respectively) and influenza b virus (ec(50) : 33 µm). the antiviral mecha ... | 2011 | 21752202 |
| influenza a (h3n2) associated acute necrotising encephalopathy. | we present a case of 16 year old female admitted with complaints of influenza like symptoms followed by convulsions and sudden impairment of consciousness. magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were found in bilateral thalami including cerebellum. diagnosis of influenza associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy was made on the basis of clinical features, neuroimaging findings and isolation of influenza a(h3n2) virus from throat swab. this is probably first case of influenza associated acute ... | 2011 | 21751668 |
| swine influenza virus a (h3n2) infection in human, kansas, usa, 2009. | to the editor: triple-reassortant swine influenza viruses (sivs), which contain genes from human, swine, and avian influenza a viruses, have been enzootic among swine herds in the united states since the late 1990s (1). although uncommon, occasional transmission of triple-reassortant sivs from swine to humans has occurred (2-4). before april 2009, only limited, nonsustained human-to-human transmission of sivs had been reported (5-7). although an animal source for pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus has y ... | 2011 | 21749798 |
| serological survey of antibodies to influenza a viruses in a group of people without a history of influenza vaccination. | clin microbiol infect abstract: a serological survey for antibodies to influenza viruses was performed in china on a group of people without a history of influenza vaccination. using the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay, we found seropositivity rates for seasonal h3n2 to be significantly higher than those for seasonal h1n1. samples positive for antibodies to the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus increased from 0.6% pre-outbreak to 4.5% (p <0.01) at 1 year post-outbreak. interestingly, hi and neu ... | 2011 | 21749549 |
| comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for the diagnosis of eight respiratory viruses by real-time reverse transcription-pcr assays. | many acute respiratory illness surveillance systems collect and test nasopharyngeal (np) and/or oropharyngeal (op) swab specimens, yet there are few studies assessing the relative measures of performance for np versus op specimens. | 2011 | 21738731 |
| influenza virus-like particle can accommodate multiple subtypes of hemagglutinin and protect from multiple influenza types and subtypes. | despite existing vaccines and specific therapies, epidemics of seasonal influenza annually claim 200,000-500,000 lives worldwide. pandemic influenza represents an even greater threat, with numerous potentially pandemic viruses circulating in nature. development of multi-specific vaccines against multiple pandemic or seasonal strains is important for human health and the global economy. here we report a novel virus-like particle (vlp) platform that contains three hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes. this ... | 2011 | 21723354 |
| compatibility of h9n2 avian influenza surface genes and 2009 pandemic h1n1 internal genes for transmission in the ferret model. | in 2009, a novel h1n1 influenza (ph1n1) virus caused the first influenza pandemic in 40 y. the virus was identified as a triple reassortant between avian, swine, and human influenza viruses, highlighting the importance of reassortment in the generation of viruses with pandemic potential. previously, we showed that a reassortant virus composed of wild-type avian h9n2 surface genes in a seasonal human h3n2 backbone could gain efficient respiratory droplet transmission in the ferret model. here we ... | 2011 | 21730147 |
| overexpression of +¦-2,6 sialyltransferase stimulates propagation of human influenza viruses in vero cells. | human influenza viruses are major concern as the leading cause of global pandemics. in infecting cells, they preferentially bind to sialyloligosaccharides containing terminal n-acetyl sialic acid linked to galactose by an +¦-2,6-linkage (neuac+¦2,6gal). the amount of neuac+¦2,6gal in vero cells, which are predominantly used for production of influenza vaccines over the past 30 years, may not be as high as that in epithelial cells of human respiratory tract, what leads to the suboptimal virus gro ... | 2011 | 21692563 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 infects alveolar macrophages without virus production or excessive tnf-alpha induction. | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) of the subtype h5n1 causes severe, often fatal pneumonia in humans. the pathogenesis of hpaiv h5n1 infection is not completely understood, although the alveolar macrophage (am) is thought to play an important role. hpaiv h5n1 infection of macrophages cultured from monocytes leads to high percentages of infection accompanied by virus production and an excessive pro-inflammatory immune response. however, macrophages cultured from monocytes are differ ... | 2011 | 21731493 |
| neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility of swine influenza a viruses isolated in germany between 1981 and 2008. | european swine influenza a viruses donated the matrix protein 2 as well as the neuraminidase (na) gene to pandemic influenza a (h1n1) viruses that emerged in 2009. as a result, the latter became amantadine resistant and neuraminidase inhibitor (nai) susceptible. these recent developments reflecting the close connection between influenza a virus infection chains in humans and pigs urge an antiviral surveillance within swine influenza a viruses. here, nai susceptibility of 204 serologically typed ... | 2011 | 21688167 |
| interspecies transmission of the canine influenza h3n2 virus to domestic cats in south korea, 2010. | in the last 4 years, incidences of endemic or epidemic respiratory diseases associated with canine influenza h3n2 virus in asian dogs have been reported in countries such as south korea and china. canine species were considered to be the new natural hosts for this virus. however, at the beginning of 2010, influenza-like respiratory signs, such as dyspnea, were also observed among cats as well as in dogs in an animal shelter located at seoul, south korea. the affected cats showed 100% morbidity a ... | 2011 | 21715595 |
| a-ágel-capture assay for characterizing the sialyl-glycan selectivity of influenza viruses. | sialic acids (sa) usually linked to galactose (gal) in an +¦2,6- or +¦2,3-configuration are considered the main cell receptors for influenza viruses, in particular for their hemagglutinins (ha). the typing of influenza virus ha receptor selectivity is relevant for understanding the transmissibility of avian and swine viruses to the human population. in this study we developed a simple and inexpensive gel-capture assay (gca) of the influenza virus ha receptor-binding selectivity. its principle is ... | 2011 | 21692561 |
| impact of pandemic a/h1n1/2009 influenza on children and their families: comparison with seasonal a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 influenza viruses. | objectives: to make a direct comparison between the total burden of pandemic influenza and that of other seasonal influenza a viral subtypes in otherwise healthy children. methods: the total clinical and socioeconomic burden of pandemic a/h1n1/2009 influenza was compared with that of seasonal influenza a viral subtypes in 389 otherwise healthy children with a/h1n1/2009, 126 with seasonal a/h1n1 and 486 with seasonal a/h3n2 infection referred to the emergency room and hospitalised in the in-patie ... | 2011 | 21839113 |
| analysis of antigenically important residues in human influenza a virus in terms of b-cell epitopes. | in this paper we undertake an analysis of the antigenicity of influenza a virus hemagglutinin. we developed a novel computational approach to the identification of antigenically active regions and showed that the amino acid substitutions between successive predominant seasonal strains form clusters that are consistent, in terms of both their location and their size, with the properties of b-cell epitopes in general and with those epitopes that have been identified experimentally in influenza a v ... | 2011 | 21680505 |
| characterization of influenza a outbreaks in minnesota swine herds and measures taken to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission. | influenza a virus infections commonly cause respiratory disease in swine and can be transmitted between people and pigs, with potentially novel strains introduced into herds and spilling back into the human population. the goals of this study were to characterize influenza infections in minnesota pigs and assess biosecurity measures used by swine workers. veterinarians submitting influenza-positive swine samples to the university of minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory between october 2007 ... | 2011 | 21824375 |
| respiratory viruses involved in influenza-like illness in a greek pediatric population during the winter period of the years 2005-2008. | viruses are the major cause of pediatric respiratory tract infection and yet many suspected cases of illness remain uncharacterized. this study aimed to determine the distribution of several respiratory viruses in children diagnosed as having influenza-like illness, over the winter period of 2005-2008. molecular assays including conventional and real time pcr protocols, were employed to screen respiratory specimens, collected by clinicians of the influenza sentinel system and of outpatient pedia ... | 2011 | 21837803 |
| predicting fixation tendencies of the h3n2 influenza virus by free energy calculation. | influenza virus evolves to escape from immune system antibodies that bind to it. we used free energy calculations with einstein crystals as reference states to calculate the difference of antibody binding free energy (+ö+ög) induced by amino acid substitution at each position in epitope b of the h3n2 influenza hemagglutinin, the key target for antibody. a substitution with positive +ö+ög value decreases the antibody binding constant. on average an uncharged to charged amino acid substitution gen ... | 2011 | 21691431 |
| molecular basis of antigenic drift in influenza a/h3n2 strains (1968-2007) in the light of antigenantibody interactions. | the emergence of new strains of influenza virus have caused several pandemics over the last hundred years with the latest being the h1n1 swine flu pandemic of 2009. the hemagglutinin (ha) protein of the influenza virus is the primary target of human immune system and is responsible for generation of protective antibodies in humans. mutations in this protein results in change in antigenic regions (antigenic drift) which consequently leads to loss of immunity in hosts even in vaccinated population ... | 2011 | 21738327 |
| serological and virological surveillance of swine h1n1 and h3n2 influenza virus infection in two farms located in hubei province, central china. | swine influenza viruses h1n1 and h3n2 have been reported in the swine population worldwide. from june 2008 to june 2009, we carried out serological and virological surveillance of swine influenza in the hubei province in central china. the serological results indicated that antibodies to h1n1 swine influenza virus in the swine population were high with a 42.5% (204/480) positive rate, whereas antibodies to h3n2 swine influenza virus were low with a 7.9% (38/480) positive rate. virological survei ... | 2011 | 21824344 |
| A novel genotyping and quantitative analysis of neuraminidase inhibitor-resistance associated mutations in influenza A viruses by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. | Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are among the first line of defense against influenza virus infection. With the increased worldwide use of the drugs, antiviral susceptibility surveillance is increasingly important for effective clinical management and for public health epidemiology. Effective monitoring requires effective resistance detection methods. We have developed and validated a novel genotyping method for rapid detection of established NA inhibitor resistance markers in influenza viruses by ... | 2011 | 21730113 |
| Study on phylogenetic relationships, variability, and correlated mutations in m2 proteins of influenza virus a. | M2 channel, an influenza virus transmembrane protein, serves as an important target for antiviral drug design. There are still discordances concerning the role of some residues involved in proton transfer as well as the mechanism of inhibition by commercial drugs. The viral M2 proteins show high conservativity; about 3/4 of the positions are occupied by one residue in over 95%. Nine M2 proteins from the H3N2 strain and possibly two proteins from H2N2 strains make a phylogenic cluster closely rel ... | 2011 | 21829678 |
| measurement of enzymatic activity and specificity of human and avian influenza neuraminidases from whole virus by glycoarray and maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | influenza neuraminidases hydrolyze the ketosidic linkage between n-acetylneuraminic acid and its adjacent galactose residue in sialosides. this enzyme is a tetrameric protein that plays a critical role in the release of progeny virions. several methods have been described for the determination of neuraminidase activity, usually based on colorimetric, fluorescent, or chemiluminescent detection. however, only a few of these tests allow discrimination of the sialyl-linkage specificity (i.e., α2-3- ... | 2011 | 21739555 |
| excess mortality associated with influenza epidemics in portugal, 1980 to 2004. | influenza epidemics have a substantial impact on human health, by increasing the mortality from pneumonia and influenza, respiratory and circulatory diseases, and all causes. this paper provides estimates of excess mortality rates associated with influenza virus circulation for 7 causes of death and 8 age groups in portugal during the period of 1980-2004. | 2011 | 21713040 |
| Local Innate Immune Responses and Influenza Virus Transmission and Virulence in Ferrets. | Host innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens, including influenza viruses. Ferrets are well recognized as the best model of influenza virus pathogenesis and transmission, but little is known about the innate immune response of ferrets after infection with this virus. The goal of this study was to investigate the contribution of localized host responses to influenza virus pathogenicity and transmissibility in this model by measuring the level of messenger RNA expre ... | 2011 | 22158704 |
| Intranasal administration of a flagellin-adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine enhances mucosal immune responses to protect mice against lethal infection. | The influenza virus, a mucosal pathogen that infects the respiratory tract, is a major global health issue. There have been attempts to mucosally administer inactivated influenza vaccines to induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses. However, mucosally administered inactivated influenza vaccine has low immunogenicity, which is partially due to the lack of an effective mucosal adjuvant. The development of a safe and effective mucosal adjuvant is a prerequisite to the practical use of a mu ... | 2012 | 22051136 |
| Genetic analysis and antigenic characterization of swine origin influenza viruses isolated from humans in the United States, 1990-2010. | Swine influenza viruses (SIV) have been recognized as important pathogens for pigs and occasional human infections with swine origin influenza viruses (SOIV) have been reported. Between1990 and 2010, a total of twenty seven human cases of SOIV infections have been identified in the United States. Six viruses isolated from1990 to 1995 were recognized as classical SOIV (cSOIV) A(H1N1). After 1998, twenty-one SOIV recovered from human cases were characterized as triple reassortant (tr_SOIV) inherit ... | 2012 | 22078166 |
| Contribution of murine innate serum inhibitors toward interference within influenza virus immune assays. | Please cite this paper as: Cwach et al. (2011) Contribution of murine innate serum inhibitors toward interference within influenza virus immune assays. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00283.x. Background Prior to detection of an antibody response toward influenza viruses using the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI), sera are routinely treated to inactivate innate inhibitors using both heat inactivation (56°C) and recombinant neuraminidase [receptor-des ... | 2011 | 21883963 |
| vaccination with ns1-truncated h3n2 swine influenza virus primes t cells and confers cross-protection against an h1n1 heterosubtypic challenge in pigs. | the diversity of contemporary swine influenza virus (siv) strains impedes effective immunization of swine herds. mucosally delivered, attenuated virus vaccines are one approach with potential to provide broad cross-protection. reverse genetics-derived h3n2 siv virus with truncated ns1 (ns1δ126 tx98) is attenuated and immunogenic when delivered intranasally in young pigs. we analyzed t-cell priming and cross-protective efficacy in weanling piglets after intranasal inoculation with ns1δ126 tx98 ve ... | 2012 | 22067263 |
| Clinical and socioeconomic impact of different types and subtypes of seasonal influenza viruses in children during influenza seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. | There are few and debated data regarding possible differences in the clinical presentations of influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B viruses in children. This study evaluates the clinical presentation and socio-economic impact of laboratory-confirmed influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 or B infection in children attending an Emergency Room because of influenza-like illness. | 2011 | 21992699 |
| Genetic structure of human A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 influenza virus on Corsica Island: phylogenetic analysis and vaccine strain match, 2006-2010. | The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic patterns of Hemagglutinin (HA) genes of influenza A strains circulating on Corsica Island during the 2006-2009 epidemic seasons and the 2009-2010 pandemic season. | 2011 | 21935413 |
| evolutionary pathways of the pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 in the uk. | the emergence of the influenza (h1n1) 2009 virus provided a unique opportunity to study the evolution of a pandemic virus following its introduction into the human population. virological and clinical surveillance in the uk were comprehensive during the first and second waves of the pandemic in 2009, with extensive laboratory confirmation of infection allowing a detailed sampling of representative circulating viruses. we sequenced the complete coding region of the haemagglutinin (ha) segment of ... | 2011 | 21887318 |