| role of interferon gamma in the pathogenesis of primary respiratory syncytial virus infection in balb/c mice. | immunologic mechanisms are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in humans. rsv-infected balb/c mice exhibit tachypnea and signs of outflow obstruction, similar to symptoms in humans. interferon gamma (ifngamma) has been found to be the predominant cytokine produced in humans and mice with rsv infection. we therefore undertook this study to evaluate the role of ifngamma in the development of respiratory illness in rsv-infected mice. balb/c m ... | 2000 | 11002257 |
| type 1-like immune response is found in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection regardless of clinical severity. | the immunological response of infants younger than six months to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was studied in relation to clinical severity. il-6 and il-8 were found more frequently and at higher levels in the plasma samples of more severely ill patients and no significant differences were found in the levels of cytokines differentiating between type 1 and type 2 responses. cellular infiltrates in nasopharyngeal washings consisted mainly of polymorphonuclear granulocytes and m ... | 2000 | 11002258 |
| [recommendations for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections. standards committee of the spanish society of neonatology. board of directors of the spanish society of neonatology]. | premature babies < = 35 weeks gestation, with or without chronic lung disease (cld), should be considered high risk population for rsv infection and rehospitalization. rsv monoclonal antibodies (palivizumab) have been found useful in decreasing rates of rsv hospitalization in this patients. guidelines for their administration include: 1. recommend their use in premature born between 29-32 weeks gestation without cld and less than 6 months at entry of rsv station. 2. strongly recommend their use ... | 2000 | 11006170 |
| evaluation of a live, cold-passaged, temperature-sensitive, respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate in infancy. | a live-attenuated, intranasal respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) candidate vaccine, cpts-248/404, was tested in phase 1 trials in 114 children, including 37 1-2-month-old infants-a target age for rsv vaccines. the cpts-248/404 vaccine was infectious at 104 and 105 plaque-forming units in rsv-naive children and was broadly immunogenic in children >6 months old. serum and nasal antibody responses in 1-2 month olds were restricted to iga, had a dominant response to rsv g protein, and had no increase ... | 2000 | 11010838 |
| efficient generation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-neutralizing human moabs via human peripheral blood lymphocyte (hu-pbl)-scid mice and scfv phage display libraries. | rsv is one of the major causes of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and is associated with high mortality. rsv neutralizing human antibody (hu-ab) is known to mediate resistance to viral infection as well as to be an effective treatment for severe lower respiratory tract rsv infection. we have previously demonstrated that human primary and secondary immune responses can be established in severe combined immunodeficient mice engrafted with human peripheral blood lymphocyte ... | 2000 | 11012623 |
| family history of atopy and clinical course of rsv infection in ambulatory and hospitalized infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can be severe in pediatric patients. risk factors for severe disease include age less than 6 months, prematurity, preexisting heart or lung disease or malformations, gastroesophageal reflux, and immunodeficiency. the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of family history of allergy on the clinical course of rsv infection in ambulatory and hospitalized infants. in a retrospective study, 172 patients younger than 12 months of age (99 ... | 2000 | 11015130 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with phagocyte defects. | patients with phagocyte defects frequently develop bacterial or fungal pneumonias, but they are not considered to be at increased risk for viral infections. we describe 3 patients with known phagocyte immunodeficiencies who developed lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). all 3 patients had dense pneumonias as indicated by computed tomography scan of the lungs and rsv was recovered. we conclude that rsv can present as a dense pneumonia in patients ... | 2000 | 11015530 |
| donor lymphocyte infusion for treatment of life-threatening respiratory syncytial virus infection following bone marrow transplantation. | we describe two patients who developed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia after bmt. one died of rsv pneumonia after three courses of steroid pulse therapy. surprisingly, rsv antigen was identified in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) obtained post mortem. steroid pulse therapy might have suppressed anti-rsv immunity, leading to persistent rsv infection for more than 1 month. the other patient received donor lymphocyte infusions (dli) for relapsed plasma cell leukemia, while havin ... | 2000 | 11019850 |
| [nosocomial infections due to rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric wards: a 2-year study]. | rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections represent up to 30% of the totality of nosocomial infections in paediatric wards. we studied the importance of these infections in the paediatric wards of the university hospital center of poitiers, france, from october 1996 to september 1998. we defined as nosocomial an infection acquired after 3 days of hospitalization for rotavirus and after 7 days for rsv. the 274 cases of children presenting rotavirus gastroenteritis or rsv infectio ... | 2000 | 11022103 |
| epidemiology of acute viral respiratory tract infections in korean children. | viruses are the most common causes of respiratory tract infection in children. we investigated the aetiologies and the epidemiological features of acute viral respiratory tract infections in korean children. | 2000 | 11023760 |
| hla class i-restricted cytotoxic t-cell epitopes of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. | virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) play a major role in the clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we have generated cytotoxic t-cell clones (tcc) from two infants who had just recovered from severe rsv infection. these tcc were functionally characterized and used to identify hla class i (b57 and c12)-restricted ctl epitopes of rsv. | 2000 | 11024156 |
| rev-binding aptamer and cmv promoter act as decoys to inhibit hiv replication. | we examined whether the antiviral effect of an hiv-1 rev-binding aptamer [rbe(apt)] could be enhanced by a ribozyme directed against the hiv-1 env gene, and whether the antiviral activity was affected by different promoters. the efficacy of the aptamer and ribozyme dnas was tested in hela cells co-transfected with the hiv-1 proviral clones, hxbdeltabgl or pnl4-3, using transferrin-lipoplexes. the rbe(apt) and anti-env ribozyme genes were inserted into the ptzu6+27 plasmid, or constructed under t ... | 2000 | 11024283 |
| exogenous surfactant supplementation in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis are deficient in surfactant, both in quantity and ability to reduce surface tension. new evidence suggests surfactant has a role in maintaining the patency of conducting airways, which has implications for rsv bronchiolitis. a randomized, controlled pilot study was undertaken to assess the effects of exogenous surfactant supplementation to rsv-positive infants on pulmonary mechanics, indices of gas exchange, and the phospholipid compos ... | 2000 | 11029326 |
| characterization of a novel quiescence responsive element downregulated by v-src in the promoter of the neuroretina specific qr1 gene. | the neuroretina is a functional unit of the central nervous system which arises through successive steps of division, growth arrest and differentiation of neuroectodermal precursors. postmitotic quail neuroretina (qnr) cells are conditionally induced to divide upon infection with temperature sensitive mutants of rous sarcoma virus (rsv), since qnr cell division can be arrested by either inactivating p60v-src at the nonpermissive temperature (41 degrees c) or by serum deprivation at 37 degrees c. ... | 2000 | 11032024 |
| suppression of metastasis by thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. | we developed a novel inhibitor of thymidine phosphorylase (tp), 5-chloro-6-[1-(2-iminopyrrolidinyl) methyl] uracil hydrochloride (tpi), that is about 1000-fold more active than 6-amino-5-chlorouracil, one of the most potent tp inhibitors. tpi inhibited the high chemotactic motility and basement membrane invasion of kb/tp cells, a tp-positive clone transfected with rous sarcoma virus (rsv)/tp, to the levels seen in kb/cv cells, a control clone transfected with rsv. in nude mice, oral administrati ... | 2000 | 11034068 |
| outcome of respiratory syncytial virus infection and a cost-benefit analysis of prophylaxis. | to determine outcome and length of stay (los) for infants younger than 2 years of age admitted to hospital for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and to perform a cost-benefit analysis of prophylaxis with rsv gamma-globulin (respigam; csl laboratories, melbourne, victoria, australia) and monoclonal antibody (synagis; abbott australasia, kurnell, nsw, australia) in the australian context. | 2000 | 11036794 |
| efficacy and safety studies of a recombinant chimeric respiratory syncytial virus fg glycoprotein vaccine in cotton rats. | several formulations of a recombinant chimeric respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine consisting of the extramembrane domains of the f and g glycoproteins (fg) were tested in cotton rats to evaluate efficacy and safety. the fg vaccine was highly immunogenic, providing nearly complete resistance to pulmonary infection at doses as low as 25 ng in spite of inducing relatively low levels of serum neutralizing antibody at low vaccine doses. upon rsv challenge animals primed with fg vaccine showed ... | 2000 | 11044072 |
| glycosaminoglycan sulfation requirements for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | glycosaminoglycans (gags) on the surface of cultured cells are important in the first step of efficient respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we evaluated the importance of sulfation, the major biosynthetic modification of gags, using an improved recombinant green fluorescent protein-expressing rsv (rgrsv) to assay infection. pretreatment of hep-2 cells with 50 mm sodium chlorate, a selective inhibitor of sulfation, for 48 h prior to inoculation reduced the efficiency of rgrsv infection t ... | 2000 | 11044095 |
| enteric adenovirus infection in children in taipei. | enteric adenoviruses (eads), including type 40 (ad40) and 41 (ad41), can cause acute and severe diarrhea in young children. to delineate the epidemiological features of pediatric eads infection in taiwan, we conducted a retrospective study of all cases of eads gastroenteritis in children treated at national taiwan university hospital for the period from july 1993 to december 1997. stool samples were tested for the presence of ad40 or ad41 by enzyme immunoassay (eia). a total of 64 cases of eads ... | 2000 | 11045381 |
| high mortality rate associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection in belgian white blue calves previously vaccinated with an inactivated brsv vaccine. | in a group of 60 belgian white blue calves less than 8 months old still housed in barns, a bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) outbreak was revealed on the basis of a direct diagnosis (immunofluorescence and virus isolation) performed on the lungs of dead animals, and the kinetics of brsv neutralizing antibodies. clinical signs, macroscopical and microscopical pulmonary lesions were also compatible with a brsv infection. this outbreak is peculiar because the 35 oldest calves (204 +/- 29 da ... | 2000 | 11048435 |
| human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine antigen produced in plants. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of respiratory infection in infants worldwide. currently there is no available vaccine, although studies in animal models have demonstrated protective immunity induced by an epitope of the rsv g-protein representing amino acids 174-187. two peptides containing amino acids 174-187 of the g-protein of the human rsv a2 strain (nf1-rsv/172-187 and nf2-rsv/170-191) were separately engineered as translational fusions with the alfalfa mosaic ... | 2000 | 11053254 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection with palivizumab. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects virtually all children by the age of 2 yrs. premature infants with chronic lung disease (cld) are at risk of greater morbidity due to rsv infection. however, these infants represent a small proportion of all infants admitted to hospital with rsv infection, and hospitalization rates for this group appear to have decreased over the past decade. prophylaxis against rsv infection has recently become available in the form of palivizumab, a humanized monoclona ... | 2000 | 11057088 |
| recent progress in antiviral chemotherapy for respiratory syncytial virus infections. | the recent progress in antiviral chemotherapy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections was reviewed. rsv infections among high risk individuals, such as premature babies, infants with congenital disease of cardiopulmonary system or immune system and the aged, hospitalised patients with immunosuppressed status are threatened, with high mortality rates and thus need anti-viral chemotherapy. clinical efficacy of ribavirin and humanized monoclonal antibody (mab) against rsv infections as ... | 2000 | 11060673 |
| surfactant protein-a enhances uptake of respiratory syncytial virus by monocytes and u937 macrophages. | surfactant protein (sp)-a is a known opsonin for a variety of pulmonary pathogens. sp-a enhances ingestion of these pathogens by interaction with an sp-a receptor (sp-ar) found on phagocytic cells such as peripheral blood monocytes (pbmc) and alveolar macrophages. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important respiratory pathogen in children. recent studies have indicated that sp-a levels may be decreased in rsv bronchiolitis and pneumonia. in this study we examined the role of sp-a in ... | 2000 | 11062136 |
| respiratory syncytial virus stimulation of vascular endothelial cell growth factor/vascular permeability factor. | we hypothesized that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced pathologies could be mediated, in part, by vascular active cytokines elaborated during virus infection. to address this hypothesis, we determined whether rsv stimulated vascular endothelial cell growth factor (vegf)/vascular permeability factor (vpf) elaboration in vitro. supernatants from unstimulated a549 cells and normal human bronchial epithelial cells contained modest levels of vegf. in contrast, supernatants from rsv-infected c ... | 2000 | 11062145 |
| in vitro inactivation of chlamydia trachomatis and of a panel of dna (hsv-2, cmv, adenovirus, bk virus) and rna (rsv, enterovirus) viruses by the spermicide benzalkonium chloride. | kinetics of inactivation by the detergent spermicide benzalkonium chloride (bzk) of chlamydia trachomatis and of a panel of dna viruses [herpes simplex virus hominis type 2 (hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv), adenovirus (adv) and bk virus (bkv)] and rna [respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and enterovirus (env)] were established in accordance with a standardized in vitro protocol. after a 5 min incubation, inactivation of >95% of hsv-2 and cmv was obtained at a concentration of 0.0025% (w/v) (25 ig/l) ... | 2000 | 11062186 |
| pattern recognition receptors tlr4 and cd14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus. | the innate immune system contributes to the earliest phase of the host defense against foreign organisms and has both soluble and cellular pattern recognition receptors for microbial products. two important members of this receptor group, cd14 and the toll-like receptor (tlr) pattern recognition receptors, are essential for the innate immune response to components of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, spirochetes and yeast. we now find that these receptors function in an ant ... | 2000 | 11062499 |
| adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy for bladder cancer: comparison of the cytomegalovirus- and rous sarcoma virus-promoter. | to compare efficacy and toxicity of the human cytomegalovirus-immediate-early (cmv) promoter and the rous-sarcoma-virus (rsv) promoter to express thymidine kinase (tk) for adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy of experimental bladder cancer in vivo and in vitro. | 2000 | 11062688 |
| influenza virus lung infection protects from respiratory syncytial virus-induced immunopathology. | the effect of infection history is ignored in most animal models of infectious disease. the attachment protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induces t helper cell type 2-driven pulmonary eosinophilia in mice similar to that seen in the failed infant vaccinations in the 1960s. we show that previous influenza virus infection of mice: (a) protects against weight loss, illness, and lung eosinophilia; (b) attenuates recruitment of inflammatory cells; and (c) reduces cytokine secretion caused b ... | 2000 | 11067880 |
| respiratory syncytial virus can tolerate an intergenic sequence of at least 160 nucleotides with little effect on transcription or replication in vitro and in vivo. | the intergenic sequences (igs) between the first nine genes of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vary in length from 1 to 56 nucleotides and lack apparent conserved sequence motifs. to investigate their influence on sequential transcription and viral growth, recombinant rsv strain a2, from which the sh gene had been deleted to facilitate manipulation, was further modified to contain an m-g igs of 16, 30, 44, 58, 65, 72, 86, 100, 120, 140, or 160 nucleotides. all of the viruses were viable. ... | 2000 | 11069997 |
| repositioning basic residues in the m domain of the rous sarcoma virus gag protein. | the first 86 residues of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) gag protein form a membrane-binding (m) domain that directs gag to the plasma membrane during budding. unlike other retroviral gag proteins, rsv gag is not myristylated; however, the rsv m domain does contain 11 basic residues that could potentially interact with acidic phospholipids in the plasma membrane. to investigate this possibility, we analyzed mutants in which basic residues in the m domain were replaced with asparagines or glutamines ... | 2000 | 11070020 |
| characterization of promoter function and cell-type-specific expression from viral vectors in the nervous system. | viral vectors have become important tools to effectively transfer genes into terminally differentiated cells, including neurons. however, the rational for selection of the promoter for use in viral vectors remains poorly understood. comparison of promoters has been complicated by the use of different viral backgrounds, transgenes, and target tissues. adenoviral vectors were constructed in the same vector background to directly compare three viral promoters, the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) immedi ... | 2000 | 11070024 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized children in akershus]. | the study describes hospitalisations for rsv infections among children < 15 years. | 2000 | 11070983 |
| bronchiolitis in infants. | bronchiolitis is a common disease of the lower respiratory tract of infants, resulting from inflammatory obstruction of the small airways. it is a predominant viral illness, in which the rsv (respiratory syncytial virus) is the agent in more that 50% of cases. it is not known how many children with genetic predisposition to atopy develop asthma symptoms after bronchiolitis, however the relationship between the two affections is not understood. we show that a major proportion of babies with a pos ... | 1999 | 11073128 |
| enhanced detection of respiratory syncytial virus by shell vial in children hospitalised with respiratory illnesses in northern jordan. | during the period between november 1997 and may 1998, a total of 350 nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from children admitted to the respiratory disease unit at princess rahma hospital, northern jordan, and diagnosed clinically as suffering from respiratory tract infections. nasopharyngeal aspirates were investigated for the presence of respiratory syncycial virus (rsv) by using shell vial (sv) culture assay, conventional culture assay, and direct immunofluorescence assay. out of 350 nasoph ... | 2000 | 11074482 |
| constitutive and growth factor-regulated phosphorylation of caveolin-1 occurs at the same site (tyr-14) in vivo: identification of a c-src/cav-1/grb7 signaling cassette. | caveolin-1 was first identified as a phosphoprotein in rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. tyrosine 14 is now thought to be the principal site for recognition by c-src kinase; however, little is known about this phosphorylation event. here, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mab) probe that recognizes only tyrosine 14-phosphorylated caveolin-1. using this approach, we show that caveolin-1 (y14) is a specific tyrosine kinase substrate that is constitutively phosphory ... | 2000 | 11075810 |
| bronchiolitis-associated mortality and estimates of respiratory syncytial virus-associated deaths among us children, 1979-1997. | a 1985 estimate that 4500 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated deaths occur annually among us children has not been updated using nationally representative data. thus, 1979-1997 multiple cause-of-death records for children <5 years old listing bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or any respiratory tract disease were examined. deaths among children associated with any respiratory disease declined from 4631 in 1979 to 2502 in 1997. during the 19-year study period, 1806 bronchiolitis-associated death ... | 2001 | 11076709 |
| in vivo transduction of cerebellar purkinje cells using adeno-associated virus vectors. | we investigated whether adenovirus or adeno-associated virus vectors can transduce cerebellar purkinje cells (pcs) in vivo. mice were injected in the deep cerebellar nuclei (dcn) with lacz-transducing adenovirus (ad.rsv-betagal) or a recombinant aav serotype 2 (raav2) vector (vtr-cmvbeta) mixed with wild-type adenovirus type 5 (ad5). one week later, ad.rsv-betagal transduced cells were found throughout the cerebellar white matter in a dose-dependent manner, but few transduced pcs were evident. i ... | 2000 | 11082318 |
| association of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis with the interleukin 8 gene region in uk families. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects nearly all children by the end of their second winter. why some develop bronchiolitis is poorly understood; it is not known whether there is a genetic component. the pathological features include neutrophil infiltration and high levels of interleukin 8 (il-8), a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. | 2000 | 11083887 |
| the attachment (g) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus contains a single immunodominant epitope that elicits both th1 and th2 cd4+ t cell responses. | balb/c mice immunized with a vaccinia virus expressing the attachment (g) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) develop a virus-specific cd4(+) t cell response that consists of a mixture of th1 and th2 cd4(+) t cells following intranasal infection with live rsv. recent work has shown that both th1 and th2 cd4(+) t cells are elicited to a single region comprising aa 183-197 of the g protein. to more precisely define the cd4(+) t cell epitope(s) contained within this region, we created ... | 2000 | 11086089 |
| a role for ubiquitin ligase recruitment in retrovirus release. | retroviral gag polyproteins have specific regions, commonly referred to as late assembly (l) domains, which are required for the efficient separation of assembled virions from the host cell. the l domain of hiv-1 is in the c-terminal p6(gag) domain and contains an essential p(t/s)ap core motif that is widely conserved among lentiviruses. in contrast, the l domains of oncoretroviruses such as rous sarcoma virus (rsv) have a more n-terminal location and a ppxy core motif. in the present study, we ... | 2000 | 11087860 |
| concerted regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory gene expression by luteinizing hormone and insulin (or insulin-like growth factor i) in primary cultures of porcine granulosa-luteal cells. | the steroidogenic acute regulatory (star) protein is indispensable for maximal trophic hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis by the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary. recently, our laboratory developed an in vitro primary culture system of porcine granulosa-luteal cells that retain responsiveness to lh and show lh and insulin [or insulin-like growth factor (igf-i)] synergy in stimulating star messenger rna accumulation. here, we examine the mechanisms subserving this lh-insulin (igf-i) augmentation. ... | 2000 | 11089528 |
| rous sarcoma virus translation revisited: characterization of an internal ribosome entry segment in the 5' leader of the genomic rna. | the 5' leader of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) genomic rna and of retroviruses in general is long and contains stable secondary structures that are critical in the early and late steps of virus replication such as rna dimerization and packaging and in the process of reverse transcription. the initiation of rsv gag translation has been reported to be 5' cap dependent and controlled by three short open reading frames located in the 380-nucleotide leader upstream of the gag start codon. translation of r ... | 2000 | 11090156 |
| identification of two intracellular mechanisms leading to reduced expression of oncoretrovirus envelope glycoproteins at the cell surface. | all retrovirus glycoproteins have a cytoplasmic domain that plays several roles in virus replication. we have determined whether and how the cytoplasmic domains of oncoretrovirus glycoproteins modulate their intracellular trafficking, by using chimeric proteins that combined the alpha-chain of the interleukin-2 receptor with the glycoprotein cytoplasmic domains of five oncoretroviruses: human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1), rous sarcoma virus (rsv), bovine leukemia virus (blv), murine leu ... | 2000 | 11090173 |
| epidemiological aspects of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in italy: a national survey. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia in babies and children, producing serious infections and short- to medium-term complications. we conducted a survey, using a questionnaire, to determine the opinions of paediatricians on the geographical and seasonal distribution, and the clinical impact of rsv in italy. of the 344 paediatricians who responded, 66% had admitted children affected by rsv into their department, and 38% o ... | 2000 | 11092230 |
| effectiveness of palivizumab: evaluation of outcomes from the 1998 to 1999 respiratory syncytial virus season. the palivizumab outcomes study group. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a significant cause of morbidity, especially in premature infants and immunocompromised children, resulting in approximately 100 000 hospitalizations annually. a study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of those given palivizumab (synagis; medimmune, inc., gaithersburg, md) during the 1998 to 1999 rsv season, its first season in general use. | 2000 | 11099087 |
| predictors of asthma three years after hospital admission for wheezing in infancy. | to evaluate the influence of early antiinflammatory therapy in the development of asthma 3 years after hospitalization for wheezing in infancy. in addition, the effects of allergic sensitization and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on the development of asthma were investigated. | 2000 | 11099596 |
| rates of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection among children in medicaid. | to determine rates of hospitalization associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among children with and without specific medical conditions. | 2000 | 11113845 |
| both immunisation with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine and a mock antigen vaccine induce severe lung pathology and a th2 cytokine profile in rsv-challenged mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. immunopathology may play a role in rsv-induced disease and a severe rsv infection may also be associated with an increased risk of developing asthma. vaccination with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) prior to infection resulted both in human and in the mouse model in extensive lung pathology. in the mouse model, it has been shown that this aggravation of disease was associ ... | 2000 | 11115725 |
| [prednisolone treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection. a randomized, controlled trial of 147 children]. | our objective was to evaluate the effect of systemic prednisolone as an adjunct to conventional treatment with beta 2-agonist, fluid replacement and respiratory support in hospitalized infants younger than 24 months with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2000 | 11116451 |
| palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in high-risk infants: a cost-effectiveness analysis. | prophylactic therapy with palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, has been shown to reduce the number of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalizations in preterm infants. the cost-effectiveness of this therapy has not been evaluated from the provider's perspective using cost data. | 2000 | 11117660 |
| protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) elicited in mice by plasmid dna immunisation encoding a secreted rsv g protein-derived antigen. | plasmid vectors encoding two different variants, one cytoplasmic and one secreted version, of a candidate vaccine bbg2na to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), were constructed and evaluated in a nucleic acid vaccination study. the two different vectors, which employed the semliki forest virus gene amplification system, were found to express bbg2na appropriately in in vitro cell cultures. immunisation of mice with the plasmid vectors elicited significant serum anti-bbg2na igg responses only in th ... | 2000 | 11118904 |
| viral dna synthesis defects in assembly-competent rous sarcoma virus ca mutants. | the major structural protein of the retroviral core (ca) contains a conserved sequence motif shared with the ca-like proteins of distantly related transposable elements. the function of this major region of homology (mhr) has not been defined, in part due to the baffling array of phenotypes in mutants of several viruses and the yeast ty3. this report describes new mutations in the ca protein of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) that were designed to test whether these different phenotypes might indicate ... | 2001 | 11119594 |
| il-12-activated nk cells reduce lung eosinophilia to the attachment protein of respiratory syncytial virus but do not enhance the severity of illness in cd8 t cell-immunodeficient conditions. | bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major cause of hospitalization in children under 1 year of age. rsv causes common colds in older children and adults, but can cause serious disease in immunodeficient patients and the elderly. development of effective vaccines and treatments for rsv infection is therefore a priority. because bronchiolitis and vaccine-augmented disease are thought to be caused by exuberant t cell activation, attention has focused on the use ... | 2000 | 11120841 |
| genetic variability among group a and b respiratory syncytial viruses in mozambique: identification of a new cluster of group b isolates. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children and vulnerable adults, but little is known regarding rsv infection in africa. in this report, a recent rsv outbreak in mozambique was studied and results showed that 275 of 3192 (8.6%) nasopharyngeal aspirates tested were rsv-positive by elisa. rsv presents two antigenic groups (a and b) with a high genetic and antigenic variability between and within them. analysis by a new rflp assay of ... | 2001 | 11125163 |
| a negative search for a paramyxoviral etiology of paget's disease of bone: molecular, immunological, and ultrastructural studies in uk patients. | paget's disease of bone is a common bone disease characterized by increased and disorganized bone remodeling at focal sites throughout the skeleton. the etiology of the disease is unresolved. a persistent viral infection has long been suggested to cause the disease. antigen and/or nucleic acid sequences of paramyxoviruses (in particular measles virus [mv], canine distemper virus [cdv], and respiratory syncytial virus [rsv]) have been reported in pagetic bone by a number of groups; however, other ... | 2000 | 11127197 |
| respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1999-2000 season. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness (lrti) among infants and children worldwide (1) and is an important cause of lrti among older children and adults (2). despite the presence of maternal antibodies, most hospitalizations occur among infants aged <6 months, and nearly all children are infected by age 2 years (3). although primary infection is usually most severe, reinfection throughout life is common (4). in temperate climates, rsv infections ... | 2000 | 11130859 |
| inducible expression of inflammatory chemokines in respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice: role of mip-1alpha in lung pathology. | lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is characterized by profound airway mucosa inflammation, both in infants with naturally acquired infection and in experimentally inoculated animal models. chemokines are central regulatory molecules in inflammatory, immune, and infectious processes of the lung. in this study, we demonstrate that intranasal infection of balb/c mice with rsv a results in inducible expression of lung chemokines belonging to the cxc (mip-2 a ... | 2001 | 11134301 |
| an endoplasmic reticulum-specific stress-activated caspase (caspase-12) is implicated in the apoptosis of a549 epithelial cells by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection induced programmed cell death or apoptosis in the cultured lung epithelial cell line, a549. the apoptotic cells underwent multiple changes, including fragmentation and degradation of genomic dna, consistent with the activation of the dna fragmentation factor or caspase-activated dnase (dff or cad). the infection led to activation of fasl; however, a transdominant mutant of fas-downstream death domain protein, fadd, did not inhibit apoptosis. similarly, ... | 2001 | 11135374 |
| respiratory viral infections among pediatric inpatients and outpatients in taiwan from 1997 to 1999. | the present study examined the association of specific virus infections with acute respiratory tract conditions among hospitalized and outpatient children in a subtropical country. a total of 2,295 virus infections were detected in 6,986 patients between 1997 and 1999, including infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (1.7%), parainfluenza virus (2.0%), influenza b virus (2.6%), adenovirus (4.0%), herpes simplex virus type 1 (4. 4%), influenza a virus (5.5%), and enterovirus (12.7 ... | 2001 | 11136758 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of gene gun vaccinated mice induces th2-driven pulmonary eosinophilia even in the absence of sensitisation to the fusion (f) or attachment (g) protein. | complete protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was induced in mice vaccinated on two occasions with 2.5 microg of dna, encoding the fusion (f) protein of rsv, precipitated onto gold microbeads. in contrast, immunisation with dna encoding the attachment (g) protein of rsv resulted in a significant reduction in viral load following infection, but did not afford complete protection. gene gun delivery of dna-f elicited a t helper-2 (th2) biased immune response that could not ... | 2000 | 11137237 |
| [a patient of infantile polymyositis triggered by respiratory syncytium virus infection]. | an 11-month-old boy developed acute polymyositis about 1 week after respiratory syncytium virus (rsv) pneumonia. he was admitted to our hospital because of interstitial pneumonia. rsv infection was confirmed by the presence of its antigen in his nasal discharge. two weeks later, his chest x-ray findings improved and rsv antigen became negative, but severe generalized muscle weakness developed, causing respiratory failure. muscle biopsy demonstrated inflammatory cellular infiltration with occasio ... | 2000 | 11144172 |
| mucosal delivery of a respiratory syncytial virus ctl peptide with enterotoxin-based adjuvants elicits protective, immunopathogenic, and immunoregulatory antiviral cd8+ t cell responses. | in an effort to develop a safe and effective vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), we used escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (lt), and ltk63 (an lt mutant devoid of adp-ribosyltransferase activity) to elicit murine cd8(+) ctl responses to an intranasally codelivered ctl peptide from the second matrix protein (m2) of rsv. m2(82-90)-specific cd8(+) t cells were detected by ifn-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot and (51)cr release assay in local and systemic lymph nodes, and their inducti ... | 2001 | 11145691 |
| [perinatal history and hospitalization for bronchiolitis. a comparison with the impact-rsv study group]. | to describe the rate of hospitalization for bronchiolitis among newborn infants in our environment, to evaluate the influence of prematurity and other perinatal conditions on hospitalization for bronchiolitis, and to compare our data with those of the impact-rsv study group. | 2000 | 11148149 |
| molecular epidemiology of outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus within bone marrow transplantation unit. | during the winter of 1995-1996, eight of nine bone marrow transplantation (bmt) unit patients were infected with the same strain of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this rsv strain was not detected in 20 hospitalized patients from the community, suggesting that the bmt unit infections did not occur by independent incidents of transmission from the community. | 2001 | 11158157 |
| ifn-beta mediates coordinate expression of antigen-processing genes in rsv-infected pulmonary epithelial cells. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) clear respiratory tract infections caused by the pneumovirus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and also mediate vaccine-induced pulmonary injury. herein we examined the mechanism for rsv-induced mhc class i presentation. like infectious viruses, conditioned medium from rsv-infected cells (rsv-cm) induces naive cells to coordinately express a gene cluster encoding the transporter associated with antigen prese ... | 2001 | 11159003 |
| exaggerated neurogenic inflammation and substance p receptor upregulation in rsv-infected weanling rats. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in adult rats causes exaggerated inflammation after sensory nerve stimulation in the extrapulmonary, but not in the intrapulmonary airways. the goal of this study was to analyze neurogenic inflammation in weanling f-344 rats infected with rsv 18 +/- 2 d after birth. five days after rsv inoculation, the extravasation of evans blue-labeled albumin after nerve stimulation was significantly greater in the intrapulmonary airways of rsv-infected weanling rat ... | 2001 | 11159042 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection results in activation of multiple protein kinase c isoforms leading to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important respiratory pathogen that preferentially infects epithelial cells in the airway and causes a local inflammatory response. very little is known about the second messenger pathways involved in this response. to characterize some of the acute response pathways involved in rsv infection, we used cultured human epithelial cells (a549) and optimal tissue culture-infective doses (tcid(50)) of rsv. we have previously shown that rsv-induced il-8 release i ... | 2001 | 11160332 |
| mip-1alpha is produced but it does not control pulmonary inflammation in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. | the intent of this study was to compare the cellular and biochemical inflammatory responses of mice infected with the paramyxovirus pathogens respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). although rsv is not a natural pathogen of mice, it has been used extensively in mouse models of the human disease, as a limited respiratory infection can be established via intranasal inoculation of virus at high titer. in earlier work, we found that acute infection with the natural roden ... | 2000 | 11161432 |
| cd4(+) t cell frequencies and th1/th2 cytokine patterns expressed in the acute and memory response to respiratory syncytial virus i-e(d)-restricted peptides. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific frequencies and cytokine expression patterns of acute and memory cd4(+) t cells from rsv strain-a- and strain-b-infected balb/c mice were determined following restimulation with a panel of 14 predicted rsv i-e(d) peptides from nsp-2, m, sh, f, and l proteins. ten of fourteen peptides stimulated intracellular th1 and/or th2 cytokines in cd4(+) t cells from the mediastinal lymph nodes (mln) and spleens of rsv strain-a- or strain-b-immune balb/c mice. ... | 2001 | 11161454 |
| blocking intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on human epithelial cells decreases respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes potentially fatal lower respiratory tract infection in infants. the molecular mechanism of rsv infection is unknown. our data show that rsv colocalizes with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) on the hep-2 epithelial cell surface. furthermore, a neutralizing anti-icam-1 mab significantly inhibits rsv infection and infection-induced secretion of proinflammatory chemokine rantes and mediator et-1 in hep-2 cells. similar decrease in rsv infection ... | 2001 | 11162498 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccines for otitis media. | rsv is a high priority for vaccine development because of its propensity to cause pneumonia and bronchiolitis in the infant and young child. since rsv infection is likely to be a substantial contributor to otitis media, a vaccine could also decrease rates of this disease. no vaccine has yet been developed but it is hoped that the availability of an rsv infectious clone will make it possible to develop a live virus vaccine for the infant and young child. subunit rsv vaccines are being developed f ... | 2000 | 11163465 |
| passive immunization for the prevention of otitis media. | the safety and protective efficacy of exogenously-administered immunoglobulin for the prevention of otitis media has been demonstrated in the clinical trials of the human-derived polyclonal immune globulin used to prevent haemophilus influenzae type b disease and respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk neonates and young children. however, this form of therapy is expensive, difficult to administer due to the requirements of slow intravenous infusion or relatively large volumes given i ... | 2000 | 11163474 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection does not increase allergen-induced type 2 cytokine production, yet increases airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced disease is associated with childhood asthma and atopy. we combined murine models of allergen-sensitization and rsv infection to explore the interaction of allergic and virus-induced airway inflammation and its impact on airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr). we found that rsv infection during ova-sensitization (ova/rsv) increased and prolonged ahr compared to mice only rsv-infected (rsv) or ova-sensitized (ova). ahr is known to be associated with an in ... | 2001 | 11170055 |
| reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults: use of a single-tube "hanging droplet" nested pcr. | rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is difficult in elderly persons due to the low quantities of virus shed. therefore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to detect viral rna in respiratory secretions. a single-tube nested rt-pcr that used primers from a conserved f gene sequence was developed using a "hanging droplet" to physically separate outer and inner primer pairs during the first round of the pcr reaction. this was accomplished by ... | 2001 | 11170067 |
| implication of the proprotein convertases furin, pc5 and pc7 in the cleavage of surface glycoproteins of hong kong, ebola and respiratory syncytial viruses: a comparative analysis with fluorogenic peptides. | fluorogenic peptides encompassing the processing sites of envelope glycoproteins of the infectious influenza a hong kong virus (hkv), ebola virus (ebov) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were tested for cleavage by soluble recombinants of the proprotein convertases furin, pc5 and pc7. kinetic studies with these intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic peptides revealed selective cleavages at the physiological dibasic sites. the hkv peptide is cleaved by both furin and pc5 with similar efficacy; ... | 2001 | 11171050 |
| an update on respiratory syncytial virus antiviral agents. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children, is a ubiquitous respiratory pathogen, infecting or reinfecting much of the population every year and causing severe, sometimes fatal disease in high-risk populations of infants and adults, particularly in developing countries. spurred by the medical and economic burdens of rsv disease and enticed by the economic potential of therapeutic drugs, particularly in the absence to ... | 2001 | 11178342 |
| induction and regulation of nitric oxide synthase in airway epithelial cells by respiratory syncytial virus. | in this study, we evaluated the effects of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on nitric oxide (no) production in human airway epithelial cells. in addition, we evaluated whether t-helper type 1 (th1)- and th2-type cytokines modulate the release of no in response to rsv infection. to do this, we infected monolayers of a549 cells with rsv and determined nitrite levels in the supernatant fluids. we also measured nitrite levels in human small-airway epithelial cells (saec) in primary cultur ... | 2001 | 11179135 |
| hla-restricted cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-4 responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and children. | cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity, interferon (ifn)-gamma, and interleukin (il)-4 production were evaluated in a blinded manner among respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected newborns and their mothers for 3 epidemic seasons. most mothers (80%) exhibited rsv-specific cd8+ ctl activity. twenty (80%) of the 26 infants exhibited significant rsv-specific ctl activity during or after their first rsv season. ctl frequency increased with rsv infection rate, reaching 75% by the end of the thi ... | 2001 | 11181144 |
| qs-21 synergizes with recombinant interleukin-12 to create a potent adjuvant formulation for the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | in the murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, recombinant interleukin-12 (ril-12) was previously demonstrated to be most effective as an adjuvant for fusion (f) protein-based vaccines after adsorption to alum adjuvant. alum, however, is a potent inducer of polarized t-cell responses and the type 2 phenotype. in addition, studies in human cancer patients demonstrated that ril-12 was toxic when administered systemically at high doses. because of these issues, we investigated ... | 2000 | 11192297 |
| allelic complementation between mhc haplotypes b(q) and b17 increases regression of rous sarcomas. | major histocompatibility (b) complex haplotypes b(q) and b17 were examined for their effect on rous sarcoma outcome. pedigree matings of b(q)b17 chickens from the second backcross generation (bc2) of line ucd 001 (b(q)b(q)) mated to line ucd 003 (b17b17) produced progeny with genotypes b(q)b(q), b(q)b17, and b17b17. six-week-old chickens were injected with subgroup a rous sarcoma virus (rsv). the tumors were scored for size at 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks postinoculation. a tumor profile index (t ... | 2000 | 11194035 |
| staphylococcal surface display and its applications. | novel surface proteins can be introduced onto the bacterial cell surface by recombinant means. here, we describe the development of such display systems for two food-grade bacteria, staphylococcus carnosus and staphylococcus xylosus, and present how such engineered bacteria can be used in different applications. a study will be described in which such staphylococci were employed as vaccine delivery vehicles to elicit protective antibody responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the use of ... | 2000 | 11200538 |
| [epidemiology of viral nosocomial infections in pediatrics]. | nosocomial viral infections account for at least 5% of the total of ni and reach 23% in pediatric wards. the nosocomial infection (ni) incidence rate varies from 0.59 to 0.72 per 100 patients in pediatric wards. many viruses have been associated with ni in pediatric wards. rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the most frequent. other viruses frequently identified are: calicivirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, influenza et para-influenza, rhinovirus and coronavirus. asymptomatic infecti ... | 2000 | 11204919 |
| il-13-induced airway hyperreactivity during respiratory syncytial virus infection is stat6 dependent. | airway damage and hyperreactivity induced during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can have a prolonged effect in infants and young children. these infections can alter the long-term function of the lung and may lead to severe asthma-like responses. in these studies, the role of il-13 in inducing and maintaining a prolonged airway hyperreactivity response was examined using a mouse model of primary rsv infection. using this model, there was evidence of significant airway epithelial cel ... | 2001 | 11207314 |
| cpg island protects rous sarcoma virus-derived vectors integrated into nonpermissive cells from dna methylation and transcriptional suppression. | cpg islands are important in the protection of adjacent housekeeping genes from de novo dna methylation and for keeping them in a transcriptionally active state. however, little is known about their capacity to protect heterologous genes and assure position-independent transcription of adjacent transgenes or retroviral vectors. to tackle this question, we have used the mouse aprt cpg island to flank a rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-derived reporter vector and followed the transcriptional activity of i ... | 2001 | 11209056 |
| prophylaxis in rsv infection (palivizumab)--is it worthwhile? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a recognised cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. it causes severe respiratory disease in preterm infants with or without chronic lung disease. this study, conducted at waterford regional hospital, evaluates the incidence of rsv infection in hospitalised children, its seasonal variation, and effectiveness of its prevention. thirty eight percent of admitted children with bronchiolitis were rsv positive in the year 1999 nove ... | 2000 | 11209917 |
| synthesis and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus protein g related peptides containing two disulphide bridges. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumoniae in infants and young children. approximately 100,000 children are hospitalized in the usa each year as a result of rsv infections. during the research and development of subunit human rsv vaccines, we have produced numerous synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins containing the four cysteines of the highly conserved central region of the g attachment protein. for several of these disulphide br ... | 2000 | 11214240 |
| characterization of rous sarcoma virus gag particles assembled in vitro. | purified retrovirus gag proteins or gag protein fragments are able to assemble into virus-like particles (vlps) in vitro in the presence of rna. we have examined the role of nucleic acid and of the nc domain in assembly of vlps from a rous sarcoma virus (rsv) gag protein and have characterized these vlps using transmission electron microscopy (tem), scanning tem (stem), and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-em). rnas of diverse sizes, single-stranded dna oligonucleotides as small as 22 nucleotides, ... | 2001 | 11222698 |
| mice genetic immunization with plasmid dna encoding a secreted form of hsv-1 gb induces a protective immune response against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | intramuscularly (i.m.) delivered plasmid dna encoding a secreted form of glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1 gb1s) was evaluated for the ability to elicit a protective immune response in balb/c mice. animals received three i.m. injections of a gb1s expression plasmid (prp-rsv-gb1s) or of a wild-type transmembrane gb1 coding plasmid (prp-rsv-gb1), while control mice were injected with the vector alone (prp-rsv). a specific antibody response was observed in almost all immunized an ... | 2001 | 11223713 |
| medical consumption and socioeconomic effects of infection with respiratory syncytial virus in the netherlands. | to calculate both medical consumption and socioeconomic effects related to hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the netherlands. | 2001 | 11224834 |
| differing manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus-associated severe lower respiratory tract infections in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected and uninfected children. | background: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes increased morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. the outcome of rsv-associated lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in hiv-infected children, is less well described. methods: children from a prospective study evaluating the etiology of | 2001 | 11224836 |
| variable immune-driven natural selection in the attachment (g) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | a maximum-likelihood analysis of selection pressures acting on the attachment (g) glycoprotein gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from humans (hrsv) and bovines (brsv) is presented. six positively selected sites were identified in both group a and group b of hrsv, although only one site was common between them, while no positively selected sites were detected in brsv. all positively selected sites were located within the ectodomain of the g protein and showed some association with positio ... | 2001 | 11231898 |
| [epidemiology of infant bronchiolitis in france]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis has become a major public health concern in france during the last decade. this winter epidemic mobilizes each year considerable means through the private ambulatory and public hospital nets. the epidemiology of rsv bronchiolitis remains difficult to characterize because of the lack of consensus for its definition. several french studies are described here which suggest an increase in severity of the epidemics since 10 years in france. peaks are mo ... | 2001 | 11232449 |
| detection of iga and igg but not ige antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in nasal washes and sera from infants with wheezing. | the capacity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to stimulate an ige antibody response and enhance the development of atopy and asthma remains controversial. nasal washes and sera from 40 infants (20 with wheezing, 9 with rhinitis, and 11 without respiratory tract symptoms) were obtained to measure ige, iga, and igg antibody to the immunodominant, f and g, virion proteins from rsv. | 2001 | 11241035 |
| structural analysis of the n-terminal domain of the human t-cell leukemia virus capsid protein. | the n-terminal domain of the retroviral capsid (ca) protein is one of the least conserved regions encoded in the genome. surprisingly, the three-dimensional structures of the ca from different genera exhibit alpha-helical structural features that are highly conserved. the n-terminal residues of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and rous sarcoma virus (rsv) capsid proteins form a beta-hairpin. to determine if this feature is conserved in the retroviral family, we cloned, expressed, ... | 2001 | 11243788 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prevention: past and present strategies. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of respiratory illness in young children, almost all will have been infected by the age of two years old. very young infants, and those with underlying disease, are at risk of severe rsv disease, but even those who were previously healthy can suffer recurrent respiratory symptoms 9 to 10 years after their initial infection. the management of rsv infection is essentially supportive, thus prophylaxis offers the best hope of reducing the morbidity ... | 2000 | 11249487 |
| antiviral amentoflavone from selaginella sinensis. | amentoflavone and three other flavonoids were isolated from the ethanol extract of selaginella sinensis. amentoflavone showed potent antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), with an ic50 of 5.5 microg/ml. the contents of amentoflavone in nine species of selaginella were determined by reversed-phase hplc. s. sinensis showed a higher content of 1.13%. | 2001 | 11256492 |
| antiviral activity of lovastatin against respiratory syncytial virus in vivo and in vitro. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human pathogen that can cause severe and life-threatening respiratory infections in infants and immunocompromised adults. we have recently shown that the rsv f glycoprotein, which mediates viral fusion, binds to rhoa. one of the steps in rhoa activation involves isoprenylation at the carboxy terminus of the protein by geranylgeranyltransferase. this modification allows rhoa to be attached to phosphatidyl serine on the inner leaflet of the plasma ... | 2001 | 11257039 |
| identification and characterisation of multiple linear b cell protectopes in the respiratory syncytial virus g protein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important respiratory pathogen in man, against which no vaccine is available. however, recent evidence suggests that antibodies to the rsv f and g proteins may play an important role in disease prevention. we previously demonstrated that bbg2na, a subunit vaccine candidate including residues 130-230 of the long strain g protein, protects rodents against rsv challenge. using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mab) and synthetic peptides, five linear b cell e ... | 2001 | 11257359 |
| oxidant tone regulates rantes gene expression in airway epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. role in viral-induced interferon regulatory factor activation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) produces intense pulmonary inflammation, in part, through its ability to induce chemokine synthesis in infected airway epithelial cells. rantes (regulated upon activation, normal t-cells expressed and secreted) is a cc chemokine which recruits and activates monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, all cell types present in the lung inflammatory infiltrate induced by rsv infection. in this study we investigated the role of reactive oxygen species in the induction ... | 2001 | 11259439 |