| structural analysis of nested neutralizing and non-neutralizing b cell epitopes on ricin toxin's enzymatic subunit. | in this report, we describe the x-ray crystal structures of two single domain camelid antibodies (vh h), f5 and f8, each in complex with ricin toxin's enzymatic subunit (rta). f5 has potent toxin-neutralizing activity, while f8 has weak neutralizing activity. f5 buried a total of 1760 å(2) in complex with rta and made contact with three prominent secondary structural elements: α-helix b (residues 98-106), β-strand h (residues 113-117), and the c-terminus of α-helix d (residues 154-156). f8 burie ... | 2016 | 27159829 |
| papain and its inhibitor e-64 reduce camelid semen viscosity without impairing sperm function and improve post-thaw motility rates. | in camelids, the development of assisted reproductive technologies is impaired by the viscous nature of the semen. the protease papain has shown promise in reducing viscosity, although its effect on sperm integrity is unknown. the present study determined the optimal papain concentration and exposure time to reduce seminal plasma viscosity and investigated the effect of papain and its inhibitor e-64 on sperm function and cryopreservation in alpacas. papain (0.1 mg ml-1, 20 min, 37°c) eliminated ... | 2016 | 27156102 |
| cerebrospinal nematodiasis in 20 camelids. | information about the clinical and clinicopathologic aspects of cerebrospinal nematodiasis (cn) in camelids is limited. | 2016 | 27155894 |
| relationship between external and internal udder and teat measurements of machine milked dromedary camels. | this study aims to determine the relationship between internal and external udder and teat measurements and evaluate their correlation with milk yield and milk partitioning in the udder of dromedary camels. six maghrebi camels reared under intensive conditions were monitored at early, middle, and late lactation. udder measurements included udder depth, udder horizontal circumference, fore and rear teat length and diameter. besides, scans of the left fore and rear quarters were taken in duplicate ... | 2016 | 27129886 |
| structural mimicry of receptor interaction by antagonistic interleukin-6 (il-6) antibodies. | interleukin 6 plays a key role in mediating inflammatory reactions in autoimmune diseases and cancer, where it is also involved in metastasis and tissue invasion. neutralizing antibodies against il-6 and its receptor have been approved for therapeutic intervention or are in advanced stages of clinical development. here we describe the crystal structures of the complexes of il-6 with two fabs derived from conventional camelid antibodies that antagonize the interaction between the cytokine and its ... | 2016 | 27129274 |
| complete genome sequence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus isolated from a dromedary camel in egypt. | we generated the near-full genome sequence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) from a collected nasal sample of dromedary camel in egypt. the newly characterized egyptian strain has high similarity to the previously characterized egyptian virus and both of viruses fell into a cluster distinct from other mers-covs. | 2016 | 27125484 |
| emerging site-specific bioconjugation strategies for radioimmunotracer development. | radioimmunotracers are a promising class of companion diagnostics for precision medicine. they are composed of an antibody-based targeting agent and a radiolabeled imaging probe. together with the tendency towards the use of small antibody-derived fragments, the employed conjugation method is gaining increasing attention. conventional bioconjugation methods result in heterogeneous tracer populations of which the single elements can differ in immunoreactivity, pharmacokinetic behavior and stabili ... | 2016 | 27116898 |
| prevalence and morphopathological characteristics of linguatulosis in one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) in yazd, iran. | linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite. its adult form inhabit the nasal and respiratory passages of canids as the definitive hosts while its immature stages localize in the mesenteric lymph nodes or in other organs of herbivorous intermediate hosts. we examined the liver, mesenteric, and mediastinal lymph nodes of 272 camels slaughtered at the slaughterhouse of yazd, iran. forty-one out of 272 camels (15.1 %) were infected with nymphs of l. serrata. twenty-four out of 166 males ... | 2016 | 27106238 |
| structural effects of two camelid nanobodies directed to distinct c-terminal epitopes on α-synuclein. | α-synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein whose aggregation is associated with parkinson's disease and other related neurodegenerative disorders. recently, two single-domain camelid antibodies (nanobodies) were shown to bind α-synuclein with high affinity. herein, we investigated how these two nanobodies (nbsyn2 and nbsyn87), which are directed to two distinct epitopes within the c-terminal domain of α-synuclein, affect the conformational properties of this protein. our results suggest ... | 2016 | 27096466 |
| comparative chromosome map and heterochromatin features of the gray whale karyotype (cetacea). | cetacean karyotypes possess exceptionally stable diploid numbers and highly conserved chromosomes. to date, only toothed whales (odontoceti) have been analyzed by comparative chromosome painting. here, we studied the karyotype of a representative of baleen whales, the gray whale (eschrichtius robustus, mysticeti), by zoo-fish with dromedary camel and human chromosome-specific probes. we confirmed a high degree of karyotype conservation and found an identical order of syntenic segments in both br ... | 2016 | 27088853 |
| mers-cov antibodies in humans, africa, 2013-2014. | dromedaries in africa and elsewhere carry the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). to search for evidence of autochthonous mers-cov infection in humans, we tested archived serum from livestock handlers in kenya for mers-cov antibodies. serologic evidence of infection was confirmed for 2 persons sampled in 2013 and 2014. | 2016 | 27071076 |
| mers-cov infection of alpaca in a region where mers-cov is endemic. | | 2016 | 27070501 |
| infection, replication, and transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in alpacas. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus is a recently emerged pathogen associated with severe human disease. zoonotic spillover from camels appears to play a major role in transmission. because of logistic difficulties in working with dromedaries in containment, a more manageable animal model would be desirable. we report shedding and transmission of this virus in experimentally infected alpacas (n = 3) or those infected by contact (n = 3). infectious virus was detected in all infected anim ... | 2016 | 27070385 |
| effect of dystocia on some hormonal and biochemical parameters in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | the present study compared some of the hormonal and biochemical constituents of serum from eutocic and dystocic one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius). sera were harvested from eutocic (n = 9) and dystocic (n = 20) camels within the first 15 minutes after delivery. although there were no differences in the concentrations of estradiol-17β (e2) and prostaglandin f2α (pgf2α) between the eutocic and the dystocic animals, the level of progesterone (p4) and cortisol was significantly higher (p < 0.01 ... | 2016 | 27068358 |
| development of synthetic light-chain antibodies as novel and potent hiv fusion inhibitors. | to develop a novel and potent fusion inhibitor of hiv infection based on a rational strategy for synthetic antibody library construction. | 2016 | 27058352 |
| a proposal of linear assessment scheme for the udder of dairy camels (camelus dromedarius l.). | digital images from the left side of the mammary gland of 146 multiparous lactating dromedary camels in mid lactation and managed under intensive conditions were obtained immediately before milking and used to build up a reference scheme for the morphological evaluation of camel mammary glands. a 5-point linear scoring scheme (with 0.5-point accuracy) was subsequently generated based on five mammary traits (udder, depth and floor inclination, teats, shape, length, and width). results showed that ... | 2016 | 27038610 |
| lactoferrin from camelus dromedarius inhibits nuclear transcription factor-kappa b activation, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin e2 production in stimulated human chondrocytes. | osteoarthritis (oa) is a progressive joint disorder, which remains the leading cause of chronic disability in aged people. nuclear factor-kappa b (nf)-κb is a major cellular event in oa and its activation by interleukin-1β (il-1β) plays a critical role in cartilage breakdown in these patients. | 2017 | 27034605 |
| pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in alpacas following administration of an oral or subcutaneous formulation. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in alpacas after single subcutaneous injection of a non-aqueous formulation or oral administration of an aqueous drench at 0.2 mg∗kg(-1). plasma moxidectin concentrations were measured with reverse phase hplc, and data analyzed using non-compartmental methods. half-life was longer (p=0.02) after subcutaneous administration than oral (292+/-170 vs 33+/-39 h). the area under the concentration-time curve was greater (p=0.0 ... | 2016 | 27033926 |
| effect of α-amylase, papain, and spermfluid treatments on viscosity and semen parameters of dromedary camel ejaculates. | ejaculates from five clinically healthy dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) were used to evaluate the effects of different enzymatic treatments (amylase, papain, spermfluid) on liquefaction and seminal parameters. after collection, ejaculates were divided into 5 aliquots: (1) kept undiluted (control); or diluted 1:1 with: (2) tris-citrate-fructose (tcf), (3) tcf containing amylase, (4) tcf containing papain or (5) spermfluid containing bromelain. at 120 min after dilution, each aliquot was ev ... | 2016 | 27033899 |
| inhibition of the myotoxicity induced by bothrops jararacussu venom and isolated phospholipases a2 by specific camelid single-domain antibody fragments. | antivenoms, produced using animal hyperimmune plasma, remains the standard therapy for snakebites. although effective against systemic damages, conventional antivenoms have limited efficacy against local tissue damage. additionally, the hypersensitivity reactions, often elicited by antivenoms, the high costs for animal maintenance, the difficulty of producing homogeneous lots, and the instability of biological products instigate the search for innovative products for antivenom therapy. in this s ... | 2016 | 27028872 |
| studies on liquefaction time and proteins involved in the improvement of seminal characteristics in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | semen was collected from six dromedary camels using artificial vagina during rutting season. liquefaction of the viscous semen occurred in 23.89 ± 1.49 h. during liquefaction, proteins with molecular masses of 24.55 kda and 22.07 kda appeared in conjunction with the disappearance of intact 26.00 kda protein after 18-24 h. these proteins were identified as β-nerve growth factors (β-ngfs) in liquefied camel semen. guanidine-hcl improves the rheological characteristics of dromedary camel semen alon ... | 2016 | 27022505 |
| epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. | human coronaviruses (hcovs) were first described in the 1960s for patients with the common cold. since then, more hcovs have been discovered, including those that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), two pathogens that, upon infection, can cause fatal respiratory disease in humans. it was recently discovered that dromedary camels in saudi arabia harbor three different hcov species, including a dominant mers hcov lineage that was responsible ... | 2016 | 27012512 |
| bidirectional electromagnetic control of the hypothalamus regulates feeding and metabolism. | targeted, temporally regulated neural modulation is invaluable in determining the physiological roles of specific neural populations or circuits. here we describe a system for non-invasive, temporal activation or inhibition of neuronal activity in vivo and its use to study central nervous system control of glucose homeostasis and feeding in mice. we are able to induce neuronal activation remotely using radio waves or magnetic fields via cre-dependent expression of a gfp-tagged ferritin fusion pr ... | 2016 | 27007848 |
| review of present knowledge on machine milking and intensive milk production in dromedary camels and future challenges. | the camel dairy industry has gone through major development in the last decade. the world's first large-scale camel dairy farm was established 10 years ago in dubai, united arab emirates, and since then, several commercial and scientific projects have been started, and more studies have been published demonstrating increasing interest in camel milk. the aims of this paper are to summarize relevant published data on factors influencing milk production under intensive management, compare those wit ... | 2016 | 26992732 |
| effect of continuous female exposure on behavioral repertoire and stereotypical behaviors in restrained male dromedary camels during the onset of the breeding season. | this study aimed to test the effects of the three management systems on the behavioral repertoire and particularly on the incidence of stereotypical behavior in restrained camels. five male camels were tested under the following management systems: (i) unexposed, housing in a single box (unexpo); (ii) continuous exposure, exposed continuously to females (conexpof); and (iii) re-unexposed, housing again in a single box (re-unexpo). every day, bulls were filmed for 30 min and videos were analyzed ... | 2016 | 26970973 |
| fixed-time induction of ovulation in camels superovulated by different ecg modalities during the transition period in egypt : superovulation in camels during the transition period. | the current investigation aimed to establish a fixed-time induction of ovulation/ insemination protocol in camels superovulated by different equine chorionic gonadotropin (ecg) regimens during the transition period in egypt (mid-october to mid-november). seventeen pluriparous camels, camelus dromedarius, were used. all females retained controlled intra-vaginal drug releasers (cidrs) for 13 consecutive days, and at cidr withdrawal, the camels were randomly divided into three groups. the control g ... | 2016 | 26969315 |
| developing mechanical milking in camels? some main steps to take…. | after a first phase of development in the ex-soviet union in the 1940s, camel mechanical milking is now developing again in the arabic peninsula, north and east africa, asia, australia and even in the usa and europe in a lesser extent, because of the great demand and important health value of camel milk. nevertheless, such a development remains empirical and uses trial and error methodology, which is generally more time-consuming and more expensive and could create a deadlock in the situation. n ... | 2016 | 26936275 |
| successful use of camelid (alpaca) antivenom to treat a potentially lethal tiger snake (notechis scutatus) envenomation in a dog. | this report describes a confirmed clinical case of tiger snake (notechis scutatus) envenomation in a domestic dog that was successfully treated with a novel polyvalent camelid (alpaca; llama pacos) antivenom. samples collected from the dog were assayed for tiger snake venom (tsv) using a highly sensitive and specific elisa. the tsv concentration in serum and urine at initial presentation was 365 ng/ml and 11,640 ng/ml respectively. at the time of initial presentation whole blood collected from t ... | 2016 | 26930223 |
| behavioral indicators to detect ovarian phase in the dromedary she-camel. | this pilot study was conducted to test the hypothesis that female camels behave differently in various ovarian phases in the presence of a restrained male camel. the aim was to identify behavioral patterns which could be used as indicators to detect ovulatory phase by visual observation in the presence of a restrained virile bull. twenty-four healthy, nonpregnant, and nonlactating adult females were used. transrectal ultrasonography was performed for each animal once a week over a 3-week period ... | 2016 | 26928646 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov): animal to human interaction. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel enzootic betacoronavirus that was first described in september 2012. the clinical spectrum of mers-cov infection in humans ranges from an asymptomatic or mild respiratory illness to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure; overall mortality is around 35.7%. bats harbour several betacoronaviruses that are closely related to mers-cov but more research is needed to establish the relationship between bats and mers-cov. the serop ... | 2015 | 26924345 |
| the differentiation of camel breeds based on meat measurements using discriminant analysis. | the meat productivity of camel in the tropics is still under investigation for identification of better meat breed or type. therefore, four one-humped saudi arabian (sa) camel breeds, majaheem, maghateer, hamrah, and safrah were experimented in order to differentiate them from each other based on meat measurements. the measurements were biometrical meat traits measured on six intact males from each breed. the results showed higher values of the majaheem breed than that obtained for the other bre ... | 2016 | 26922738 |
| computed tomographic arthrography of the normal dromedary camel carpus. | the aim of this prospective cadaveric study was to provide a detailed computed tomographic (ct) reference of the carpal joint in healthy dromedary camels. twelve forelimbs of six apparently healthy camels were used. computed tomographic imaging of 12 normal cadaveric camel carpal joints was performed before and after intra-articular administration of iodinated contrast medium. transverse ct images were reconstructed in dorsal and parasagittal planes. the six carpal bones, the radial trochlea, an ... | 2016 | 26898661 |
| absence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camelids, kazakhstan, 2015. | | 2016 | 26889787 |
| differential expression of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor in the upper respiratory tracts of humans and dromedary camels. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is not efficiently transmitted between humans, but it is highly prevalent in dromedary camels. here we report that the mers-cov receptor--dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4)--is expressed in the upper respiratory tract epithelium of camels but not in that of humans. lack of dpp4 expression may be the primary cause of limited mers-cov replication in the human upper respiratory tract and hence restrict transmission. | 2016 | 26889022 |
| phimosis in male dromedary camels: clinical findings and changes in the hemogram, nitric oxide metabolites, and testosterone concentrations. | the objectives of this study were to elucidate the clinical findings in male dromedary camels with phimosis (phi, n = 43) and to investigate the association of this syndrome with the hemogram, nitric oxide metabolites (noms), and testosterone concentrations. history and signalment were obtained, and a breeding soundness examination was performed. the penis was exteriorized after administration of a pudendal nerve block. abnormal masses obtained from the prepuce and penis were prepared for histop ... | 2016 | 26879996 |
| differential effects of camel milk on insulin receptor signaling - toward understanding the insulin-like properties of camel milk. | previous studies on the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius) showed beneficial effects of its milk reported in diverse models of human diseases, including a substantial hypoglycemic activity. however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in such effects remain completely unknown. in this study, we hypothesized that camel milk may act at the level of human insulin receptor (hir) and its related intracellular signaling pathways. therefore, we examined the effect of camel milk on the activ ... | 2016 | 26858689 |
| structurally defined αmhc-ii nanobody-drug conjugates: a therapeutic and imaging system for b-cell lymphoma. | antibody-drug conjugates (adcs) of defined structure hold great promise for cancer therapies, but further advances are constrained by the complex structures of full-sized antibodies. camelid-derived single-domain antibody fragments (vhhs or nanobodies) offer a possible solution to this challenge by providing expedited target screening and validation through switching between imaging and therapeutic activities. we used a nanobody (vhh7) specific for murine mhc-ii and rendered "sortase-ready" for ... | 2016 | 26840214 |
| fatal presumed tiger snake (notechis scutatus) envenomation in a cat with measurement of venom and antivenom concentration. | a fatal outcome of a presumed tiger snake (notechis scutatus) envenomation in a cat is described. detectable venom components and antivenom concentrations in serum from clotted and centrifuged whole blood and urine were measured using a sensitive and specific elisa. the cat presented in a paralysed state with a markedly elevated serum ck but with normal clotting times. the cat was treated with intravenous fluids and received two vials of equine whole igg bivalent (tiger and brown snake) antiveno ... | 2016 | 26836396 |
| cross host transmission in the emergence of mers coronavirus. | coronaviruses (covs) able to infect humans emerge through cross-host transmission from animals. there is substantial evidence that the recent middle east respiratory syndrome (mers)-cov outbreak is fueled by zoonotic transmission from dromedary camels. this is largely based on the fact that closely related viruses have been isolated from this but not any other animal species. given the widespread geographical distribution of dromedaries found seropositive for mers-cov, continued transmission may ... | 2016 | 26826951 |
| site-directed immobilization of a genetically engineered anti-methotrexate antibody via an enzymatically introduced biotin label significantly increases the binding capacity of immunoaffinity columns. | in this study, the effect of random vs. site-directed immobilization techniques on the performance of antibody-based hplc columns was investigated using a single-domain camelid antibody (vhh) directed against methotrexate (mtx) as a model system. first, the high flow-through support material poros-oh was activated with disuccinimidyl carbonate (dsc), and the vhh was bound in a random manner via amines located on the protein's surface. the resulting column was characterized by frontal affinity ch ... | 2016 | 26809205 |
| camelid antivenom development and potential in vivo neutralization of hottentotta saulcyi scorpion venom. | scorpion envenoming is a serious health problem which can cause a variety of clinical toxic effects. of the many scorpion species native to iran, hottentotta saulcyi is important because its venom can produce toxic effects in man. nowadays, antivenom derived from hyper immune horses is the only effective treatment for sever scorpion stings. current limitations of immunotherapy urgently require an efficient alternative with high safety, target affinity and more promising venom neutralizing capabi ... | 2016 | 26809016 |
| cardiac-gated computed tomography angiography in three alpacas with complex congenital heart disease. | the prevalence of congenital heart disease is higher in camelids than in other domestic species and complex defects, often involving the great vessels, are more frequently encountered in llamas and alpacas than in other species. some of these complex defects can be difficult to accurately characterize via echocardiography, the most commonly used diagnostic imaging technique to evaluate the heart in veterinary patients. contrast-enhanced, electrocardiogram (ecg)-gated computed tomography (ct) has ... | 2016 | 26803197 |
| the fecal virome of south and central american children with diarrhea includes small circular dna viral genomes of unknown origin. | viral metagenomics of feces collected from 58 peruvian children with unexplained diarrhea revealed several small circular ssdna genomes. two genomes related to sequences previously reported in feces from chimpanzees and other mammals and recently named smacoviruses were characterized and then detected by pcr in 1.7 % (1/58) and 19 % (11/58) of diarrheal samples, respectively. another three genomes from a distinct small circular ssdna viral group provisionally called pecoviruses encoded cap and r ... | 2016 | 26780893 |
| optimizing selection of large animals for antibody production by screening immune response to standard vaccines. | antibodies made in large animals are integral to many biomedical research endeavors. domesticated herd animals like goats, sheep, donkeys, horses and camelids all offer distinct advantages in antibody production. however, their cost of use is often prohibitive, especially where poor antigen response is commonplace; choosing a non-responsive animal can set a research program back or even prevent experiments from moving forward entirely. over the course of production of antibodies from llamas, we ... | 2016 | 26775851 |
| deciphering mers-cov evolution in dromedary camels. | the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) poses a potential threat to global public health. many aspects of the evolution and transmission of mers-cov in its animal reservoir remain unclear. a recent study provides new insights into the evolution and transmission of mers-cov in dromedary camels. | 2016 | 26775034 |
| [new world camelid days 2014]. | | 2015 | 26753315 |
| lymph node hemangioma in one-humped camel. | hemangioma is a benign tumor of blood and lymphatic vessels. it is common in skin, mucosa and soft tissues, and its occurrence in lymph nodes is extremely rare. a 10 year-old she-camel was slaughtered at nyala slaughterhouse, south darfur state, sudan. grossly, the carcass was emaciated. the left ventral superficial cervical lymph node was enlarged, hard on palpation and protruded outside the body. its cut surface was dark red in color and measured (18 cm) in diameter. histopathologically, the s ... | 2015 | 26753134 |
| molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of dipetalonema evansi (lewis, 1882) in camels (camelus dromedarius) of iran. | despite the economic importance of camels, the parasites that affect them have not received adequate attention so far and molecular studies are scarce compared to other livestock. in this study, we characterized peripheral blood microfilariae in 200 healthy one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) from south-east iran by microscopy and molecular tools to receive a more detailed insight into prevalence and species that affect them. moreover, adult specimens of the filarial nematode dipetalonema ev ... | 2016 | 26750131 |
| the sample of choice for detecting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in asymptomatic dromedary camels using real-time reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction. | the newly identified middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), which causes severe respiratory disease, particularly in people with comorbidities, requires further investigation. studies in qatar and elsewhere have provided evidence that dromedary camels are a reservoir for the virus, but the exact modes of transmission of mers-cov to humans remain unclear. in february 2014, an assessment was made of the suitability and sensitivity of different types of sample for the detection of ... | 2016 | 28332641 |
| 110 effect of melatonin treatment on libido and endocrine function of dromedary camel bulls out of the breeding season. | the reproductive performance of camels is poor and has remained a major obstacle to the growth of dromedary populations. the limited breeding season is one of the most important causes of the poor reproductive performance. in seasonal animals, melatonin is the chemical messenger that allows the perception of daylight length changes. commercial melatonin products have been developed for the manipulation of seasonal breeding in animals. the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of melatoni ... | 2016 | 28278907 |
| multiple corpora lutea in dromedary camels: are they associated with multiple pregnancies? | the aim of this study was to investigate whether multiple corpora lutea (cl) in dromedary camels were associated with multiple pregnancies. three experiments were carried out. in the first experiment, reproductive tracts of 124 slaughtered female camels were examined for the incidence of multiple cl and the pregnancy status. in the second experiment, uteri and ovaries of 50 females were examined by ultrasound between the fourth and fifteenth weeks of pregnancy to estimate the number and location ... | 2017 | 26707368 |
| mers coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission. | the first known cases of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), associated with infection by a novel coronavirus (cov), occurred in 2012 in jordan but were reported retrospectively. the case first to be publicly reported was from jeddah, in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa). since then, mers-cov sequences have been found in a bat and in many dromedary camels (dc). mers-cov is enzootic in dc across the arabian peninsula and in parts of africa, causing mild upper respiratory tract illness in its ... | 2015 | 26695637 |
| risk factors for primary middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus illness in humans, saudi arabia, 2014. | risk factors for primary middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) illness in humans are incompletely understood. we identified all primary mers-cov cases reported in saudi arabia during march-november 2014 by excluding those with history of exposure to other cases of mers-cov or acute respiratory illness of unknown cause or exposure to healthcare settings within 14 days before illness onset. using a case-control design, we assessed differences in underlying medical conditions and ... | 2016 | 26692185 |
| hydatidosis of camel (camelus dromedarius) at jijiga municipal abattoir, eastern ethiopia: prevalence, associated risk factors and financial implication. | a cross-sectional study was conducted from november 2010 to may 2011 to estimate the prevalence of camel hydatidosis, associated risk factors and financial loss in jijiga municipal abattoir, somali regional state, eastern ethiopia. accordingly, of the total 400 inspected camel, 92 (23 %) camels and 109 organs were positive for hydatid cyst with the highest proportion recorded in lung (56 %) followed by liver (33.9 %), spleen (7.3 %) and kidneys (2.8 %). the prevalence of hydatidosis significantl ... | 2015 | 26688643 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in dromedary camels in nigeria, 2015. | evidence of current and past middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection in dromedary camels slaughtered at an abattoir in kano, nigeria in january 2015, was sought by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) and serology. mers-cov rna was detected in 14 (11%) of 132 nasal swabs and antibody in 126 (96%) of 131 serum samples. phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the viruses in nigeria are genetically distinct from those reported in the arabia ... | 2015 | 26676406 |
| a phylogenetically distinct middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus detected in a dromedary calf from a closed dairy herd in dubai with rising seroprevalence with age. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was detected by monoclonal antibody-based nucleocapsid protein-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), rna detection, and viral culture from the nasal sample of a 1-month-old dromedary calf in dubai with sudden death. whole genome phylogeny showed that this mers-cov strain did not cluster with the other mers-cov strains from dubai that we reported recently. instead, it formed a unique branch more closely related to other mers-cov ... | 2015 | 26632876 |
| scarabaeus cristatus (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) as intermediate host of physocephalus dromedarii (nematoda: spirocercidae)--a contribution to the epidemiology of camel physocephalidosis. | in uae, camel physocephalus dromedarii was diagnosed for the first time in 2011 in dromedaries from a farm that previously had imported animals from foreign countries. the large scarab beetle, scarabaeus cristatus, was found to be the major intermediate host for this parasite in dubai. a total of 638 specimens of s. cristatus were collected and examined for the presence of third-stage larvae of nematode larvae at two sites in the dubai emirate (emirates industry for camel milk and products and h ... | 2016 | 26621282 |
| optimization of a vitrification protocol for hatched blastocysts from the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | the objective of this study was to modify and optimize a vitrification protocol (open pulled straw) that was originally designed for human oocytes and embryos, to make it suitable for the cryopreservation of camel hatched blastocysts. the original open pulled straw protocol was a complex process with 15-minute exposure of oocytes/embryos in 7.5% ethylene glycol (eg) and 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (me2so) for equilibration, and cooling in 16% eg + 16% me2so + 1 m sucrose. recognizing a need to bette ... | 2016 | 26603656 |
| asymptomatic mers-cov infection in humans possibly linked to infected dromedaries imported from oman to united arab emirates, may 2015. | in may 2015 in united arab emirates, asymptomatic middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection was identified through active case finding in 2 men with exposure to infected dromedaries. epidemiologic and virologic findings suggested zoonotic transmission. genetic sequences for viruses from the men and camels were similar to those for viruses recently detected in other countries. | 2015 | 26584223 |
| morphofunctional structure of the lingual papillae in three species of south american camelids: alpaca, guanaco, and llama. | the aim of this study was to compare the anatomical and functional characteristics of the lingual papilla among the camelidae. for this purpose, tongues of alpaca, guanaco, and llama were used. numerous long and thin filiform papillae were located in the median groove and none were detected on the rest of the dorsal surface of the lingual apex in alpaca. secondary papillae originated from the base of some filiform papillae on the ventral surface of alpaca tongue. the bases of some filiform papil ... | 2016 | 26572928 |
| method for sorting and pairwise selection of nanobodies for the development of highly sensitive sandwich immunoassays. | single domain heavychain binders (nanobodies) obtained from camelid antibody libraries hold a great promise for immunoassay development. however, there is no simple method to select the most valuable nanobodies from the crowd of positive clones obtained after the initial screening. in this paper, we describe a novel nanobody-based platform that allows comparison of the reactivity of hundreds of clones with the labeled antigen, and identifies the best nanobody pairs for two-site immunoassay devel ... | 2015 | 26544909 |
| presence of antibodies but no evidence for circulation of mers-cov in dromedaries on the canary islands, 2015. | in 2012, a new betacoronavirus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), was identified in humans. several studies confirmed dromedary camels to be a potential reservoir and a source for human infection. camels located on the canary islands were included in those studies and ca 10% of them were positive for mers-cov-specific antibodies. however, these findings could not be correctly interpreted because epidemiological information was not provided. thus, further investigations wer ... | 2015 | 26536463 |
| testicular cytological profiles of apparently healthy male dromedary camels during rutting and non-rutting periods. | the aim of this study was to evaluate testicular cytological profiles of apparently healthy dromedary bulls during rutting and non-rutting periods. pairs of testes from 26 (18 non-rutting and 8 rutting seasons) dromedary bulls 6-12 years old that were slaughtered at akaki, addis ababa abattoir were sampled. a 21 gauge needle attached to 20ml syringe was used to collect testicular fine needle aspiration (tfna) samples and five aspiration smears were prepared from each testis. a total of 312 slide ... | 2015 | 26526117 |
| nanobody-based electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive determination of apolipoprotein-a1 using silver nanoparticles loaded nanohydroxyapatite as label. | nanobodies (nbs), derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies, have distinct advantages over conventional antibodies in immunoassay. in this work, nbs (nb11 and nb19) that can bind to different epitopes on apolipoprotein-a1 (apo-a1) were screened out from an immunized bactrian camel for the first time. nb11 was used as capture antibody and fixed on gold nanoparticles (au nps) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (spce). the silver nanoparticles loaded nanohydroxyapatite (ag-nhap) was used as ... | 2015 | 26522241 |
| serological evidence of mers-cov antibodies in dromedary camels (camelus dromedaries) in laikipia county, kenya. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a recently identified virus causing severe viral respiratory illness in people. little is known about the reservoir in the horn of africa. in kenya, where no human mers cases have been reported, our survey of 335 dromedary camels, representing nine herds in laikipia county, showed a high seroprevalence (46.9%) to mers-cov antibodies. between herd differences were present (14.3%- 82.9%), but was not related to management type or herd isol ... | 2015 | 26473733 |
| communication requested: boar semen transport through the uterus and possible consequences for insemination. | recent insemination techniques bypass the interactions between sperm and the uterine wall because the semen is deposited deep into the tip of uterine horn or directly into the oviduct. such techniques allow high dilution of the ejaculates. after normal mating, semen entering the uterus communicates with the uterine milieu. intact sperm of high mitochondrial membrane potential bind to uterine epithelial cells, whereas most of the unbound sperm in the uterine lumen have damaged membranes. lectins ... | 2016 | 26462662 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov): what lessons can we learn? | the middle east respiratory coronavirus (mers-cov) was first isolated from a patient who died with severe pneumonia in june 2012. as of 19 june 2015, a total of 1,338 mers-cov infections have been notified to the world health organization (who). clinical illness associated with mers-cov ranges from mild upper respiratory symptoms to rapidly progressive pneumonia and multi-organ failure. a significant proportion of patients present with non-respiratory symptoms such as headache, myalgia, vomiting ... | 2015 | 26452615 |
| rumen microbial community composition varies with diet and host, but a core microbiome is found across a wide geographical range. | ruminant livestock are important sources of human food and global greenhouse gas emissions. feed degradation and methane formation by ruminants rely on metabolic interactions between rumen microbes and affect ruminant productivity. rumen and camelid foregut microbial community composition was determined in 742 samples from 32 animal species and 35 countries, to estimate if this was influenced by diet, host species, or geography. similar bacteria and archaea dominated in nearly all samples, while ... | 2015 | 26449758 |
| isolation of camelid single-domain antibodies against native proteins using recombinant multivalent peptide ligands. | generation of antibodies against desired epitopes on folded proteins may be hampered by various characteristics of the target protein, including antigenic and immunogenic dominance of irrelevant epitopes and/or steric occlusion of the desired epitope. in such cases, peptides encompassing linear epitopes of the native protein represent attractive alternative reagents for immunization and screening. peptide antigens are typically prepared by fusing or conjugating the peptide of interest to a carri ... | 2015 | 26424272 |
| a review of sarcocystosis in camels and redescription of sarcocystis cameli and sarcocystis ippeni sarcocysts from the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | there is considerable confusion concerning sarcocystis species in camels. five species: sarcocystis cameli, sarcocystis ippeni, sarcocystis camelicanis, sarcocystis camelocanis and sarcocystis miescheri were named with inadequate descriptions and no type specimens. here, we review literature on sarcocystosis in camels worldwide and redescribe structure of s. cameli and s. ippeni sarcocysts by light- and transmission electron microscopy (lm and tem). eight sarcocysts from the oesophagi of two cam ... | 2015 | 26416197 |
| effects of a gnrh administration on testosterone profile, libido and semen parameters of dromedary camel bulls. | gnrh treatment has been suggested to increase testosterone levels temporarily and to stimulate libido in stallions, but its use has not fully ascertained in dromedary camels. the aim of this work was to study the effects of administering 100 μg of gnrh on testosterone profile, libido and semen parameters in dromedary camels. the same bulls were used as self-controls and experimental group. blood samples were collected every 20 min (t0-t12) for 4h, and semen collections were performed over a 2-ho ... | 2015 | 26412546 |
| morphological studies on the peripheral circulation of the ovary in one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | histological examination of the peripheral circulation of the ovary of 18 females of the one-humped camel revealed a series of blood vessels with special structures. throttle or occlusive artery was recorded in the ovarian zona vasculosa and in the cortex, and it showed an intimal cushion-like thickening made up of intimal bolsters that formed of smooth muscle fibres and glomus cells. the smooth muscle cells of the tunica media and the tunica adventitia of throttle artery pursued a circumferenti ... | 2016 | 26394713 |
| characterization of ovulatory capacity development in the dominant follicle of dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | the acquisition of ovulatory capacity in the growing dominant follicle (df) of dromedary camels was examined in the current study. ovulation occurred in response to hcg (1500 iu) in 27.3%, 58.3% or 100% of camels with follicles of 9, 10 or 11 mm diameter, respectively. a high dose of hcg (4500 iu) resulted in ovulation of 77.8% and 100% of camels with follicles of 9 and 10mm, respectively. in naturally mated animals, ovulation occurred in 36.4% and 92.8% of camels with 10 and 11 mm follicles, re ... | 2015 | 26370463 |
| the efficacy of controlled internal drug release (cidr) in synchronizing the follicular wave in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) during the breeding season. | the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of controlled internal drug release (cidr) to synchronize the follicular wave in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) during the breeding season through ovarian monitoring, evaluating sexual receptivity, and measuring progesterone (p4) and estradiol (e2) levels during and after cidr treatment. sixteen camels received a new cidr containing 1.9 g of p4 for 14 days. ultrasound ovarian monitoring was performed on the day of insertion and every 3 day ... | 2015 | 26329663 |
| a novel astrovirus from dromedaries in the middle east. | the recent emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from the middle east and its discovery from dromedary camels has boosted interest in the search for novel viruses in dromedaries. the existence of astroviruses (astvs) in dromedaries was previously unknown. we describe the discovery of a novel dromedary camel astv (dcastv) from dromedaries in dubai. among 215 dromedaries, dcastv was detected in faecal samples of four [three (1.5 %) adult dromedaries and one (8.3 %) dromedary ca ... | 2015 | 26296576 |
| the role of intra-domain disulfide bonds in heat-induced irreversible denaturation of camelid single domain vhh antibodies. | camelid-derived single domain vhh antibodies are highly heat resistant, and the mechanism of heat-induced vhh denaturation predominantly relies on the chemical modification of amino acids. although chemical modification of disulfide bonds has been recognized as a cause for heat-induced denaturation of many proteins, there have been no mutagenesis studies, in which the number of disulfide bonds was controlled. in this article, we examined a series of mutants of two different vhhs with single, dou ... | 2016 | 26289739 |
| protection of farmed camels (camelus dromedarius): welfare problems and legislative perspective. | in the last years animal welfare has assumed an increasing interest in our society, influencing legislation to enact many provisions aimed at the protection of animals. along with increased consumer awareness of the need to maintain ethically acceptable conditions of raised animals, scientists too have begun to investigate the conditions of animal welfare, the tools for its evaluation and for its improvement. although there are many advances in knowledge, much remains to be investigated concerni ... | 2016 | 26260977 |
| dromedary camels and the transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an existential threat to global public health. the virus has been repeatedly detected in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). adult animals in many countries in the middle east as well as in north and east africa showed high (>90%) seroprevalence to the virus. middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus isolated from dromedaries is genetically and phenotypically similar to viruses from humans. we summarize current understanding of th ... | 2017 | 26256102 |
| structural insights into µ-opioid receptor activation. | activation of the μ-opioid receptor (μor) is responsible for the efficacy of the most effective analgesics. to shed light on the structural basis for μor activation, here we report a 2.1 å x-ray crystal structure of the murine μor bound to the morphinan agonist bu72 and a g protein mimetic camelid antibody fragment. the bu72-stabilized changes in the μor binding pocket are subtle and differ from those observed for agonist-bound structures of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2ar) and the m2 muscarini ... | 2015 | 26245379 |
| a new anaerobic fungus (oontomyces anksri gen. nov., sp. nov.) from the digestive tract of the indian camel (camelus dromedarius). | two cultures of anaerobic fungi were isolated from the forestomach of an indian camel (camelus dromedarius). phylogenetic analysis using both the internal transcribed spacer (its) and large-subunit (lsu) regions of the rrna locus demonstrated that these isolates were identical and formed a distinct clade within the anaerobic fungi (phylum neocallimastigomycota). morphological examination showed that these fungi formed monocentric thalli with filamentous rhizoids and uniflagellate zoospores, broa ... | 2015 | 26228561 |
| the "dromedary hump" appearance. | | 2015 | 26227801 |
| managing mers-cov in the healthcare setting. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has caused at least 1118 reported cases in 24 countries with at least 423 deaths worldwide. all cases are epidemiologically linked to the arabian penninsula with most cases reported from the kingdom of saudi arabia. mers-cov has three patterns of presentation: sporadic isolated cases, small clusters of intra-familial transmission and large healthcare-associated infections. the disease presentation varies from asymptomatic/mild cases to seve ... | 2015 | 26224424 |
| identification of interleukin-26 in the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius): evidence of alternative splicing and isolation of novel splice variants. | interleukin-26 (il-26) is a member of the il-10 family of cytokines. though conserved across vertebrates, the il-26 gene is functionally inactivated in a few mammals like rat, mouse and horse. we report here the identification, isolation and cloning of the cdna of il-26 from the dromedary camel. the camel cdna contains a 516 bp open reading frame encoding a 171 amino acid precursor protein, including a 21 amino acid signal peptide. sequence analysis revealed high similarity with other mammalian ... | 2015 | 26190308 |
| high proportion of mers-cov shedding dromedaries at slaughterhouse with a potential epidemiological link to human cases, qatar 2014. | two of the earliest middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) cases were men who had visited the doha central animal market and adjoining slaughterhouse in qatar. we show that a high proportion of camels presenting for slaughter in qatar show evidence for nasal mers-cov shedding (62/105). sequence analysis showed the circulation of at least five different virus strains at these premises, suggesting that this location is a driver of mers-cov circulation and a high-risk area for human exposure. no c ... | 2015 | 26183160 |
| synchronisation of the follicular wave with gnrh and pgf2α analogue for a timed breeding programme in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | this study was conducted to develop a hormone protocol that precisely synchronises follicular development for a timed breeding (tb) programme in dromedary camels. to examine the effect of gnrh treatment at four known stages of follicular development, animals were treated with gnrh when the largest follicle of the wave was 4-7, 8-11, 12-17 and 18-27 mm in diameter. transrectal ultrasonography was carried out daily up to 20 days after treatment. a hormone protocol (fwsynch) for the synchronisation ... | 2015 | 26164524 |
| evaluation of virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility patterns of different candida species isolated from the female camel (camelus dromedarius) genital tract. | the purposes of this study were to investigate the enzymatic activity of different candida species and their antifungal susceptibility patterns. the study involved a total of 83 isolates of candida from the genital tract of the female camelus dromedarius. after species identification, the isolates were analysed for the production/activity of phospholipase, proteinase and haemolysin. in addition, the agar disc diffusion method was performed on the basis of clsi guidelines m44-a2 protocol for anti ... | 2015 | 26152466 |
| camelid heavy chain only antibody fragment domain against β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 inhibits β-secretase activity in vitro and in vivo. | accumulation and aggregation of the amyloid-β (aβ) peptide is associated with alzheimer's disease (ad). aβ is generated from the amyloid precursor protein by the successive action of two membrane-associated processing enzymes: β-secretase or β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (bace1) and γ-secretase. inhibition of one or both of these enzymes prevents aβ generation and the accompanying aβ accumulation. antigen binding fragments from camelid heavy chain only antibodies (vhhs) w ... | 2015 | 26147692 |
| development of a new platform for secretory production of recombinant proteins in corynebacterium glutamicum. | corynebacterium glutamicum, which has been for long an industrial producer of various l-amino acids, nucleic acids, and vitamins, is now also regarded as a potential host for the secretory production of recombinant proteins. to harness its potential as an industrial platform for recombinant protein production, the development of an efficient secretion system is necessary. particularly, regarding protein production in large-scale bioreactors, it would be appropriate to develop a secretory express ... | 2016 | 26134574 |
| [advances in the researches of genomic characterization and molecular detection of middel east respiratory syndrome coronavirus]. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was recently identified as a novel human coronavirus known to infect human with high mortality. it belongs to c clade of the betacoronavirus shown the similar genomic structure as other human coronaviruses.to date, some different subtypes of the viral genome were identified but its origin was unclear. some evidences indicated it maybe came from the bats or dromedary. and series of molecular detection methods have been established and applie ... | 2015 | 26081714 |
| mers-cov in upper respiratory tract and lungs of dromedary camels, saudi arabia, 2013-2014. | to assess the temporal dynamics of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection in dromedary camels, specimens were collected at 1-2 month intervals from 2 independent groups of animals during april 2013-may 2014 in al-ahsa province, saudi arabia, and tested for mers-cov rna by reverse transcription pcr. of 96 live camels, 28 (29.2%) nasal swab samples were positive; of 91 camel carcasses, 56 (61.5%) lung tissue samples were positive. positive samples were more commonly foun ... | 2015 | 26079346 |
| biochemical and hormonal analysis of follicular fluid and serum of female dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) with different sized ovarian follicles. | the current study aimed to compare some biochemical and hormonal constituents in follicular fluids and serum of female dromedary camels with different sized ovarian follicles. therefore, follicular fluids from follicles sized 1.1-1.5cm (n=10), 1.6-2.1cm (n=10) and 2.2-2.5cm (n=10) and sera were harvested from 20 female camels. the concentrations of ascorbic acid, glucose, cholesterol and activities of acid phosphatase (acp) and alkaline phosphatase (alp) were not changed significantly neither in ... | 2015 | 26077770 |
| pet imaging of macrophage mannose receptor-expressing macrophages in tumor stroma using 18f-radiolabeled camelid single-domain antibody fragments. | tumor-associated macrophages constitute a major component of the stroma of solid tumors, encompassing distinct subpopulations with different characteristics and functions. we aimed to identify m2-oriented tumor-supporting macrophages within the tumor microenvironment as indicators of cancer progression and prognosis, using pet imaging. this can be realized by designing (18)f-labeled camelid single-domain antibody fragments (sdabs) specifically targeting the macrophage mannose receptor (mmr), whi ... | 2015 | 26069306 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a novel single-stranded, positive-sense rna betacoronavirus (mers-cov). dromedary camels, hosts for mers-cov, are implicated in direct or indirect transmission to human beings, although the exact mode of transmission is unknown. the virus was first isolated from a patient who died from a severe respiratory illness in june, 2012, in jeddah, saudi arabia. as of may 31, 2015, 1180 laboratory-confirmed cases (48 ... | 2015 | 26049252 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of partial fsh and lh receptor genes in arabian camels (camelus dromedarius). | very little is known about lhr and fshr genes of domestic dromedary camels. the main objective of this study was to determine and analyze partial genomic regions of fshr and lhr genes in dromedary camels for the first time. to this end, a total of50 dna samples belonging to dromedary camels raised in iran were sent for sequencing (25 samples of each gene). we compared the nucleotide sequences of camelus dromedarius with corresponding sequences of previously published fshr and lhr genes in bactri ... | 2015 | 27844002 |
| camelid ig v genes reveal significant human homology not seen in therapeutic target genes, providing for a powerful therapeutic antibody platform. | camelid immunoglobulin variable (igv) regions were found homologous to their human counterparts; however, the germline v repertoires of camelid heavy and light chains are still incomplete and their therapeutic potential is only beginning to be appreciated. we therefore leveraged the publicly available htg and wgs databases of lama pacos and camelus ferus to retrieve the germline repertoire of v genes using human igv genes as reference. in addition, we amplified igkv and iglv genes to uncover the ... | 2015 | 26018625 |
| effect of oxytocin and pgf2α on chlortetracycline absorption from the uterus of early postpartum camels (camelus dromedarius). | fifteen parturient camels given chlortetracycline (ctc) as intrauterine pessaries (3 g/head) were divided into the control group (n = 5), which remained untreated, oxytocin-treated group (50 iu, intramuscular; n = 5), and cloprostenol-treated group (estrumate, 500 μg, intramuscular; n = 5). serum samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment and ctc was determined. the ctc appeared in blood within 1 hour. the maximum concentration of ctc was detected in blood afte ... | 2015 | 26004206 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus "mers-cov": current knowledge gaps. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) that causes a severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans is now considered a pandemic threat to the gulf region. since its discovery in 2012, mers-cov has reached 23 countries affecting about 1100 people, including a dozen children, and claiming over 400 lives. compared to sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome), mers-cov appears to kill more people (40% versus 10%), more quickly, and is especially more severe in those with pre ... | 2015 | 26002405 |
| acute middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in livestock dromedaries, dubai, 2014. | camels carry middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, but little is known about infection age or prevalence. we studied >800 dromedaries of all ages and 15 mother-calf pairs. this syndrome constitutes an acute, epidemic, and time-limited infection in camels <4 years of age, particularly calves. delayed social separation of calves might reduce human infection risk. | 2015 | 25989145 |
| identification by ft-icr-ms of camelus dromedarius α-lactalbumin variants as the result of nonenzymatic deamidation of asn-16 and asn-45. | nonenzymatic deamidation of asparaginyl residues can occur spontaneously under physiological conditions principally when a glycyl residue is at the carboxyl side of asn and leads to formation of aspartyl and isoaspartyl residues. this modification can change the biological activity of proteins or peptides and trigger an auto-immune response. the α-lactalbumins of members of the camelidae family are the only of described α-lactalbumins that carry two asngly sequences. in the present study, high-r ... | 2015 | 25977031 |
| double ovulation and occurrence of twinning in alpacas (vicugna pacos). | twin births are rare in alpacas despite the high incidence of double ovulation and are undesirable because they contribute to early and late pregnancy loss, abortion, and birth of nonviable neonates. the objective of the present study was to determine the incidence and outcome of twin pregnancy in double-ovulating alpacas by retrospective and prospective analysis. data from double-ovulating females (n = 41) presented for pregnancy diagnosis were analyzed to determine pregnancy status at three st ... | 2015 | 25963129 |