| recovery in culture of viable but nonculturable vibrio parahaemolyticus: regrowth or resuscitation? | the objective of this study was to explore the recovery of culturability of viable but nonculturable (vbnc) vibrio parahaemolyticus after temperature upshift and to determine whether regrowth or resuscitation occurred. a clinical strain of v. parahaemolyticus vp5 was rendered vbnc by exposure to artificial seawater (asw) at 4 degrees c. aliquots of the asw suspension of cells (0.1, 1 and 10 ml) were subjected to increased temperatures of 20 degrees c and 37 degrees c. culturability of the cells ... | 2007 | 18043621 |
| new water disinfection system using uva light-emitting diodes. | to evaluate the ability of high-energy ultraviolet a (uva) light-emitting diode (led) to inactivate bacteria in water and investigate the inactivating mechanism of uva irradiation. | 2007 | 18045413 |
| bactericidal effect of tio2 on the selected vibrio parahaemolyticus and optimization using response surface methodology. | in this work, the bactericidal effect of tio2 on selected typical food pathogenic bacteria, vibrio parahaemolyticus was studied. v parahaemolyticus is an important pathogen of humans and aqua-cultured animals. we established the response surface methodology (box-behnken design) to investigate the effect of principal parameters on the cell sterilization such as tio2 concentration, uv illumination time, temperature, and ph. the sterilization rate reached maximum value at the tio2 concentration of ... | 2007 | 18047042 |
| vmeab, an rnd-type multidrug efflux transporter in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | genes vmea and vmeb, encoding a multidrug efflux transporter in the halophilic bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus, have been cloned using a drug-hypersusceptible escherichia coli strain as the host. cells of e. coli kam33 (deltaacrab deltaydhe) carrying the vmeab region from v. parahaemolyticus conferred much higher mics for a variety of antimicrobial agents than did control cells. cells possessing vmeab under energized conditions maintained very low intracellular concentrations of ethidium. this ... | 2007 | 18048926 |
| antibacterial action of l-amino acid oxidase from the skin mucus of rockfish sebastes schlegelii. | l-amino acid oxidase (lao) shows broadly antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by h(2)o(2) generated in the oxidative process of l-amino acids. however, lao (termed ssap) isolated from the rockfish sebastes schlegelii skin mucus acted selectively on gram-negative bacteria. therefore, this study was undertaken to clarify the antibacterial action of ssap as compared with h(2)o(2). ssap inhibited potently the growth of aeromonas salmonicida, photobacterium damselae ... | 2008 | 18055243 |
| cyclic dimeric gmp signaling and regulation of surface-associated developmental programs. | | 2008 | 18065536 |
| antimicrobial activity of an endophytic xylaria sp.yx-28 and identification of its antimicrobial compound 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. | an endophytic xylaria sp., having broad antimicrobial activity, was isolated and characterized from ginkgo biloba l. from the culture extracts of this fungus, a bioactive compound p3 was isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation and identified as 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass spectrometry spectral data. the compound showed strong antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro against staphylococcus aureus [minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) ... | 2008 | 18092158 |
| precise region and the character of the pathogenicity island in clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. | in this study, we determined the borders of the pathogenicity island in v. parahaemolyticus rimd2210633 (vp-pai). vp-pai has features in common with tn7 and other related elements at both terminal ends. our findings indicate that the mobile element with a transposase which contains the dde motif may have been involved in vp-pai formation. | 2008 | 18156272 |
| antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of zingiberaceae plants in taiwan. | the rhizomes of the zingiberaceae family are a vegetable widely used in many asian countries, and their medicinal functions have been broadly discussed and accepted in many traditional recipes. in this study, 18 species of five genus of zingiberaceae plants from taiwan area were collected and analyzed for their functional properties. methanolic extracts of the plants were analyzed for their total phenol compounds, alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) scavenging activity, and reducing ... | 2008 | 18157743 |
| expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase and thermostable direct hemolysin by, and growth in the presence of various nitrogen and carbon sources of heat-shocked and ethanol-shocked vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus 690 was subjected either to heat shock at 42 degrees c or ethanol shock in the presence of 5% ethanol. the effects of those shocks on superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat) activities, and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) production were examined. in addition, the growth behaviors of the stressed and unstressed cells of v. parahaemolyticus in the presence of various nitrogen and carbon sources were compared. both heat shock and ethanol shock reduced the levels o ... | 2008 | 18158197 |
| descriptive epidemiology of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other vibrio species infections in british columbia: 2001-2006. | | 2007 | 18161203 |
| efficiency of real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect vibrio vulnificus in seawater. | the growth of vibrio vulnificus in an enriched culture of seawater during the summer in japan was monitored by a plating technique used as the culture method and a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay as the molecular method. v. vulnificus was detected by the real-time pcr assay in the samples of august and september but not by the culture method. vibrio parahaemolyticus, however, was detected among all of the samples with both the culture method and real-time pcr assay. in the analys ... | 2008 | 18162438 |
| detection and characterization of a functional insertion sequence, isvpa2, in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | pcr analysis of the pandemic strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus, kx-v237 (total genome sequenced) showed a subculture where the size of the amplicons had increased. the purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanism of this change. we found a 1,243-bp dna sequence inserted in one of the pandemic marker genes in this strain. the inserted dna sequence possessed the genetic structures shared by insertion sequences (iss) of the is3 family. this is had 26-bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats (ir ... | 2008 | 18164873 |
| complement-mediated killing of vibrio species by the humoral fluids of amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri: implications for a dual role of o-antigens in the resistance to bactericidal activity. | the functional properties of complement in invertebrate deuterostomes are rather ill-defined. here we showed that the humoral fluids from amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri were capable of causing lysis of some vibrio species including vibrio alginolyticus hw284, vibrio parahaemolyticus hw458 and vibrio harvey sf-1, the first such data in the invertebrate deuterostomes. the fluid bacteriolytic activity was abolished by pre-incubation with heat-inactivated rabbit anti-human c3 serum, heating at 45 ... | 2008 | 18178103 |
| molecular typing of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood harvested along the south-west coast of india. | evaluation of protein profiling for typing vibrio parahaemolyticus using 71 strains isolated from different seafood and comparison with other molecular typing techniques such as random amplified polymorphic dna analysis (rapd) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (eric)-pcr. | 2008 | 18179449 |
| evaluation of different polymerase chain reaction methods for the identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated by cultural methods. | control of contamination by vibrio parahaemolyticus in fishery products is often hampered by the lack of standardized methods and by the uncertainty associated with biochemical identification of the isolates. in this study, 5 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods for the identification of v. parahaemolyticus to the species level were evaluated by using 25 vibrio reference strains and 163 isolates from fishery products, environmental sources, and clinical samples. sequence targets of the method ... | 2007 | 18193736 |
| comparative genomic analysis using microarray demonstrates a strong correlation between the presence of the 80-kilobase pathogenicity island and pathogenicity in kanagawa phenomenon-positive vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative marine bacterium. a limited population of the organisms causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. almost all of the clinical v. parahaemolyticus isolates exhibit beta-type hemolysis on wagatsuma agar, known as the kanagawa phenomenon (kp). kp is induced by the thermostable direct hemolysin produced by the organism and has been considered a crucial marker to distinguish pathogenic strains from nonpathogenic ones. since 1996, so-called "pandemic clones," th ... | 2008 | 18195030 |
| ethanol shock changes the fatty acid profile and survival behavior of vibrio parahaemolyticus in various stress conditions. | vibrio parahaemolyticus 690, a clinical strain, was subjected to ethanol shock in the presence of 5% ethanol for a period of 30 and 60 min. survival behaviors of the ethanol shocked and control cells of v. parahaemolyticus in the presence of h(2)o(2) (20 ppm), crystal violet (3 ppm), nacl (20%), and low ph solution (ph 4.4) containing various organic acids including lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid (25 mm) were compared. in addition, the effects of ethanol shock on the fat ... | 2008 | 18206778 |
| translocation of vp1686 upregulates rhob and accelerates phagocytic activity of macrophage through actin remodeling. | here, we report that vibrio parahaemolyticus induces a rapid remodeling of macrophage actin and activates rhob gtpase. mutational analysis revealed that the effects depend on type iii secretion system 1 regulated translocation of a v. parahaemolyticus effector protein, vp1686, into the macrophages. remodeling of actin is shown to be necessary for increased bacterial uptake followed by initiation of apoptosis in macrophages. this provides evidence for functional association of the vp1686 in trigg ... | 2008 | 18239436 |
| vibrios in association with sedimentary crustaceans in three beaches of the northern adriatic sea (italy). | in the marine environment, vibrios adhere to a number of substrates including chitin-rich organisms such as crustaceans. their wide diffusion in coastal waters and pathogenic potential require knowledge of the lifestyle and environmental reservoirs of these bacteria. to test the presence of culturable vibrios in coastal areas and their association with benthic crustaceans, vibrios were isolated from water, sediments and crustaceans (copepods and anphipods) at three stations placed in front of he ... | 2008 | 18243247 |
| molecular cloning and responsive expression of macrophage expressed gene from small abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta. | the complete cdna sequence of macrophage expressed gene (sampeg1), a perforin-like molecule, was isolated from small abalone (haliotis diversicolor supertexta) by homology cloning and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna of sampeg1 was 2781 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 252 bp, a 3'-terminal utr of 342 bp with a signal sequence taa and a poly (a) tail, and an open reading frame of 2184 bp. the deduced protein (sampeg1) was composed of 728 a ... | 2008 | 18255313 |
| multiple-locus variable-number of tandem-repeats analysis distinguishes vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic o3:k6 strains. | a specific serotype of vibrio parahaemolyticus, o3:k6, has recently been linked to epidemics of gastroenteritis in southeast asia, japan, and north america. these pandemic o3:k6 strains appear to have recently spread across continents from a single origin to reach global coverage, based on profiling of strains by several molecular typing methods. in this study, variable-number tandem repeats (vntr)-based fingerprinting was applied to clinical and environmental v. parahaemolyticus o3:k6 strains i ... | 2008 | 18258320 |
| variation of extracellular proteases produced by vibrio vulnificus clinical isolates: genetic diversity of the metalloprotease gene (vvp), and serine protease secretion by vvp-negative strains. | vibrio vulnificus is a causative agent of septicemia or wound infection in human and eel; however, the genetic variation between human and eel isolates has been reported. in the present study, the difference in the vvp gene encoding a tissue-damaging metalloprotease was investigated. the gene of strain e86 from a diseased eel (type b vvp) was 95.2% identical with that of strain l-180 from human blood (type a vvp). pcr using oligonucleotide primers designed to differentiate two types of the gene ... | 2008 | 18262748 |
| [epidemiology and laboratories: the missing link on the plans to study and prevent infectious diseases in chile]. | viral meningitis, hantavirus and vibrio parahaemolyticus infections are used as examples to demonstrate that important shortcomings and limitations exist in chile to study the epidemiology of infectious diseases with modern methods. the lack of a national network of well-connected local and national microbiology laboratories is one of these important shortcomings. the author summarizes the evolution of the systems and institutions that deal with the infectious diseases in the world and in chile. | 2008 | 18273517 |
| determination of molecular phylogenetics of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains by multilocus sequence typing. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen whose transmission is associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood. there is a growing public health concern due to the emergence of a pandemic strain causing severe outbreaks worldwide. many questions remain unanswered regarding the evolution and population structure of v. parahaemolyticus. in this work, we describe a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for v. parahaemolyticus based on the internal fragment sequences of seve ... | 2008 | 18281404 |
| quorum sensing influences vibrio harveyi growth rates in a manner not fully accounted for by the marker effect of bioluminescence. | the light-emitting vibrios provide excellent material for studying the interaction of cellular communication with growth rate because bioluminescence is a convenient marker for quorum sensing. however, the use of bioluminescence as a marker is complicated because bioluminescence itself may affect growth rate, e.g. by diverting energy. | 2008 | 18301749 |
| rapid detection of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus by a sensitive and specific duplex pcr-hybridization probes assay using lightcycler. | to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) hybridization probe assay for rapid and specific detection of thermostable direct haemolysin-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus. | 2008 | 18312565 |
| environmental vibrio spp., isolated in mozambique, contain a polymorphic group of integrative conjugative elements and class 1 integrons. | circulation of mobile genetic elements linked to drug resistance spread was studied in vibrio strains isolated from surface urban water (river and sea) and shellfish samples in 2002-2003 in maputo, mozambique. class 1 integrons and integrating conjugative elements (ice) were investigated by pcr and mating experiments in strains of major health interest: 10 vibrio cholerae, six vibrio parahaemolyticus, two vibrio alginolyticus and one vibrio fluvialis. resistance to at least two antibiotics (pred ... | 2008 | 18318712 |
| orf334 in vibrio phage kvp40 plays the role of gp27 in t4 phage to form a heterohexameric complex. | kvp40 is a t4-related phage, composed of 386 open reading frames (orfs), that has a broad host range. here, we overexpressed, purified, and biophysically characterized two of the proteins encoded in the kvp40 genome, namely, gp5 and orf334. homology-based comparison between kvp40 and its better-characterized sister phage, t4, was used to estimate the two kvp40 proteins' functions. kvp40 gp5 shared significant homology with t4 gp5 in the n- and c-terminal domains. unlike t4 gp5, kvp40 gp5 lacked ... | 2008 | 18326574 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus serovar o3:k6 gastroenteritis in northeast brazil. | to examine the virulence factors and the genetic relationship isolates of the serogroup o3 of vibrio parahaemolyticus in outbreaks of diarrhoea in the northeast region of brazil. | 2008 | 18341555 |
| evaluation of restriction enzymes for standardizing pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for rapid subtyping of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the restriction enzymes with rare-cutting sites in the genome of vibrio parahaemolyticus rimd 2210633 for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis. the evaluation indicated that pfge with both noti and sfii was discriminatory, but noti was more cost-effective. based on the results of this study, we suggest using noti and sfii as the 1st and the 2nd restriction enzyme for standardizing the pulsenet pfge protocol for molecular subtyping and global sur ... | 2008 | 18343074 |
| [investigation and culture of microbial contaminants of caulerpa lentillifera (sea grape)]. | caulerpa lentillifera is a kind of edible seaweed, known as 'sea grape' or 'green caviar'. it is used in fresh salads. however, it is sensitive to low temperature and osmotic pressure, and is easily spoilt by storage in a refrigerator or washing with tap water. that is the reason why it is difficult to prevent food poisoning, especially due to vibrio parahaemolyticus. in this study we investigated of marine bacteria and v. parahaemolyticus in c. lentillifera and cultured them in order to develop ... | 2008 | 18344653 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus inhibition of rho family gtpase activation requires a functional chromosome i type iii secretion system. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis; however, its virulence mechanisms are not well understood. the identification of type iii secreted proteins has provided candidate virulence factors whose functions are still being elucidated. genotypic strain variability contributes a level of complexity to understanding the role of different virulence factors. the ability of v. parahaemolyticus to inhibit rho family gtpases and cause cytoskeletal disruption was examin ... | 2008 | 18347050 |
| bacteria flora and heavy metals in cultivated oysters crassostrea iredalei of setiu wetland, east coast peninsular malaysia. | slipper oyster crassostrea iredalei is a species of good demand for its sweet flavor and white coloured flesh. the filter feeding nature predisposes oysters to accumulation of pathogenic and heavy metals in waters impacted by sewage pollutions and may thus render the oysters unfit for human consumption. a study was undertaken to investigate the presence of bacteria flora and heavy metal concentrations in cultivated oysters crassostrea iredalei at setiu wetland, terengganu, the only source of cul ... | 2008 | 18369732 |
| occurrence of pandemic clones of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from seafood and clinical samples in a chinese coastal province. | fifty-four isolates of vibrio parahaemolyticus were examined for hemolytic and urease-producing phenotypes as well as presence of virulence markers by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). all clinical isolates (11/11, 100%) and one out of 42 isolates from seafood (2.4%) possessed the tdh gene and showed hemolysis. this tdh-positive seafood isolate as well as four clinical isolates belonged to the new pandemic clone o3:k6 according to serotyping and sequencing of the toxrs locus. the new o3:k6 clone, ... | 2008 | 18370608 |
| increased prevalence of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in vembanadu lake: a function of salt water regulator, along south west coast of india. | prevalence of faecal indicator bacteria, escherichia coli and pathogenic bacteria, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and salmonella were analysed in vembanadu lake (9 degrees 35'n 76 degrees 25'e), along south west coast of india for a period of one year from ten stations on the southern and northern sides of a salt water regulator constructed in vembanadu lake in order to prevent incursion of seawater during certain periods of the year. while the northern side of the lake has a connectio ... | 2008 | 18401119 |
| quantitative modeling for risk assessment of vibrio parahaemolyticus in bloody clams in southern thailand. | a risk assessment of vibrio parahaemolyticus in bloody clams (anadara granosa) consumed in southern thailand was conducted. this study estimated the prevalence and concentration of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus in bloody clams at harvest and retail stages; and during this process, methods to detect the total and pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus were investigated. consumption of bloody clams and cooking efficiency were studied using interviews and on-site observation of consumers. a beta-poisson d ... | 2008 | 18405992 |
| differential gene expression and extracellular secretion of the collagenolytic enzymes by the pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, a causative agent of wound infections as well as food poisoning, harbors two collagenase genes: vppc and prtv. when cultivated at 26 degrees c in gelatin broth supplemented with 3.0% nacl, significant collagenolytic activity was detected in the culture supernatant at the early stationary phase. native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed a 90-kda protein, and n-terminal amino acid sequencing showed that this protein was vppc, generated through truncation ... | 2008 | 18422626 |
| the development of rapid real-time pcr detection system for vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oyster. | to develop a new rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based detection system for vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus) applicable to raw oyster samples. | 2008 | 18422939 |
| first clinical report of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 infection in italy. | | 2008 | 18448694 |
| state transitions of vibrio parahaemolyticus vbnc cells evaluated by flow cytometry. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, in response to environmental conditions, may be present in a viable but nonculturable state (vbnc), which can still be responsible for cases of infectious diseases in humans. | 2008 | 18500741 |
| on the origin and function of an insertion element vpai-1 specific to post-1995 pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. | since 1995, new virulent strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus have emerged and spread throughout the world. these "pandemic" strains have four strain specific genomic islands (gis), which are considered to be potential factors of the pandemicity. we investigated the origin and function of 24 genes in the so-called vpai-1, one of the four gis, by searching homologs in various species in bacteria and archaea. of these 24 genes, two are found only in vibrio vulnificus cmcp6 and shewanella sp. mr-7. t ... | 2008 | 18506094 |
| [application of pulse-field gel electrophoresis analysis in source-tracking of food-borne disease caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | to apply pulse-field gel electrophoresis analysis(pfge) in analysing a case of food poisoning caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus. | 2008 | 18512325 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus from fresh, low-temperature preserved, dried, and salted seafood products in two coastal areas of eastern china. | a total of 1293 seafood samples from fishing farm, retail markets, restaurants and cooking rooms of hotels in jiangsu province and shanghai city of china were collected and analyzed for the prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus during july to october in 2007. two hundred and fifty one isolates of v. parahaemolyticus were identified, of which 8 isolates were positive for tdh and 2 were positive for trh gene. three tdh positive isolates were identified from low-temperature preserved seafood sample ... | 2008 | 18514344 |
| pathogenetic characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical and seafood sources. | a total of 216 vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from seafood and clinical samples in eastern china were investigated for their hemolytic and urea-producing phenotypes, presence of putative virulence genes tdh and trh. twenty-one clinical isolates (84%, 21/25) and 3 seafood isolates (1.57%, 3/191) were tdh-positive while only 3 clinical isolates (12%) and 7 seafood isolates (3.66%) were positive for trh gene. we further examined the pathogenicity of selected v. parahaemolyticus isolates in in vit ... | 2008 | 18538875 |
| a model of the effect of temperature on the growth of pathogenic and nonpathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters in korea. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized as the leading cause of human gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of seafood. the objective of this study was to model the growth kinetics of pathogenic and nonpathogenic v. parahaemolyticus in broth and oyster slurry. primary growth models of v. parahaemolyticus in broth and oyster slurry fit well to a modified gomperz equation (broth r(2)=0.99; oyster slurry r(2)=0.96). the lag time (lt), specific growth rate (sgr), and maximum population densi ... | 2008 | 18541160 |
| identification of two translocon proteins of vibrio parahaemolyticus type iii secretion system 2. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) translocon complex is composed of several associated proteins, which form a translocation channel through the host cell plasma membrane. these proteins are key molecules that are involved in the pathogenicity of many t3ss-positive bacteria, because they are necessary to deliver effector proteins into host cells. a t3ss designated t3ss2 of vibrio parahaemolyticus is thought to be related to the enterotoxicity of this bacterium in humans, but the effector trans ... | 2008 | 18541652 |
| the ecology of vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahaemolyticus in north carolina estuaries. | while numerous studies have characterized the distribution and/or ecology of various pathogenic vibrio spp., here we have simultaneously examined several estuarine sites for vibrio vulnificus, v. cholerae, and v. parahaemolyticus. for a one year period, waters and sediment were monitored for the presence of these three pathogens at six different sites on the east coast of north carolina in the united states. all three pathogens, identified using colony hybridization and pcr methods, occurred in ... | 2008 | 18545963 |
| conditions for high pressure inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters. | the objective of this study was to identify the high pressure processing conditions (pressure level, time, and temperature) needed to achieve a 5-log reduction of vibrio parahaemolyticus in live oysters (crassostrea virginica). ten strains of v. parahaemolyticus were separately tested for their resistances to high pressure. the two most pressure-resistant strains were then used as a cocktail to represent baro-tolerant environmental strains. to evaluate the effect of temperature on pressure inact ... | 2008 | 18547664 |
| challenges associated with heterologous expression of flavobacterium psychrophilum proteins in escherichia coli. | a two-parameter statistical model was used to predict the solubility of 96 putative virulence-associated proteins of flavobacterium psychrophilum (csf259-93) upon over expression in escherichia coli. this analysis indicated that 88.5% of the f. psychrophilum proteins would be expressed as insoluble aggregates (inclusion bodies). these solubility predictions were verified experimentally by colony filtration blot for six different f. psychrophilum proteins. a comprehensive analysis of codon usage ... | 2008 | 18551344 |
| type iii secretion system 1 genes in vibrio parahaemolyticus are positively regulated by exsa and negatively regulated by exsd. | vibrio parahaemolyticus harbours two distinct type iii secretion systems (t3ss1 and t3ss2). a subset of 10 t3ss1 genes are transcribed when v. parahaemolyticus is grown in tissue culture medium [dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (dmem)], while transcription of these genes (except exsd) is minimal upon growth in luria-bertani-salt (lb-s). transcription of t3ss1 genes and cytotoxicity towards hela cells was prevented by deletion of exsa while complementation with exsa restored these traits. overe ... | 2008 | 18554322 |
| genetic analyses of the putative o and k antigen gene clusters of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus. | pandemic v. parahaemolyticus strains have rapidly changed their serotypes, but its determinants, especially k antigen, and the genes involved in serotype have been an open question. the purpose of this study was to gain insights into these points. although v. parahaemolyticus is known to be lacking o-side chain on its lipopolysaccharide, and o antigens are thought to be represented by core os, the genome sequence of v. parahaemolyticus o3:k6 strain rimd2210633 suggests that this bacterium potent ... | 2008 | 18557895 |
| evaluation and validation of a pulsenet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping vibrio parahaemolyticus: an international multicenter collaborative study. | the pandemic spread of vibrio parahaemolyticus is an international public health issue. because of the outbreak potential of the organism, it is critical to establish an internationally recognized molecular subtyping protocol for v. parahaemolyticus that is both rapid and robust as a means to monitor its further spread and to guide control measures in combination with epidemiologic data. here we describe the results of a multicenter, multicountry validation of a new pulsenet international standa ... | 2008 | 18579720 |
| molecular analysis of the emergence of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is abundant in the aquatic environment particularly in warmer waters and is the leading cause of seafood borne gastroenteritis worldwide. prior to 1995, numerous v. parahaemolyticus serogroups were associated with disease, however, in that year an o3:k6 serogroup emerged in southeast asia causing large outbreaks and rapid hospitalizations. this new highly virulent strain is now globally disseminated. | 2008 | 18590559 |
| detection of a functional insertion sequence responsible for deletion of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the thermostable direct hemolysin coded by the tdh gene is a marker of virulent strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus. the tdh genes are flanked by insertion sequences collectively named as isvs or their remnants; but the isvs so far examined have accumulated mutations in the transposase genes and underwent structural arrangements and their transposition activity could not be expected; the tdh gene was thus considered to have been acquired by v. parahaemolyticus through horizontal transfer in the p ... | 2008 | 18598741 |
| the crystal structure of a sodium galactose transporter reveals mechanistic insights into na+/sugar symport. | membrane transporters that use energy stored in sodium gradients to drive nutrients into cells constitute a major class of proteins. we report the crystal structure of a member of the solute sodium symporters (sss), the vibrio parahaemolyticus sodium/galactose symporter (vsglt). the approximately 3.0 angstrom structure contains 14 transmembrane (tm) helices in an inward-facing conformation with a core structure of inverted repeats of 5 tm helices (tm2 to tm6 and tm7 to tm11). galactose is bound ... | 2008 | 18599740 |
| enteric bacteria isolated from acute diarrheal patients in the republic of korea between the year 2004 and 2006. | in an epidemiological survey of human enterobacterial infections in the republic of korea during three years from 2004 to 2006, we isolated 1,784 (6.2%, isolation rate of enteropathogens from stool samples) in 2004, 2,547 (9.5%) in 2005 and 3,506 bacteria (12.3%) from people who visited clinics. among the isolated bacteria, pathogenic escherichia coli, especially, eaec was the most frequently identified pathogen in both urban and rural regions followed by staphylococcus aureus, salmonella specie ... | 2008 | 18604503 |
| genetic relatedness among tdh+ and trh+ vibrio parahaemolyticus cultured from gulf of mexico oysters (crassostrea virginica) and surrounding water and sediment. | pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) (tdh(+)/trh(+)) represent a small percentage of environmental vp populations, and very little is known about this subpopulation. repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr and multilocus sequence analysis revealed heterogeneity among 41 vp containing thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) that were isolated from mississippi coastal environments from october 2006 to april 2007. there was no source-specific sequestering in oysters, wa ... | 2009 | 18607657 |
| lomefloxacin versus trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of adults with acute bacterial diarrhea. | this study compared the efficacy and safety of lomefloxacin with that of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) in the treatment of adult patients with acute diarrhea of bacterial etiology. two centers enrolled a total of 133 patients; 99 (74%) presented with severe symptoms. the patients were randomized to receive either lomefloxacin 400 mg once daily (n=68) or tmp/smx 160/800 mg twice daily (n=65) for five days. bacteriologic success was achieved in 89.5% of evaluation lomefloxacin-treated pa ... | 1992 | 18611521 |
| rapid quantitative detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood by mpn-pcr. | this study aimed to adopt mpn-pcr (most probable number-polymerase chain reaction) for rapid detection of the quantity of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood. v. parahaemolyticus in seafood could be quantitated by mpn statistics according to pcr products. the sensitivity of mpn-pcr was 100 times higher than that of direct pcr. of 225 seafood samples from qingdao, 165 were positive for the presence of v. parahaemolyticus, with an mpn value of >719 per gram, and about 41.5% of samples were positive ... | 2008 | 18612685 |
| detection and molecular characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood harvested along the southwest coast of india. | the levels of total and tdh(+)vibrio parahaemolyticus were estimated in 83 seafood samples from southwest coast of india by colony hybridization. conventional enrichment and isolation technique was also used to study the prevalence. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed on bacterial cell lyates for detection of total and pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus by amplification of specific genes. of 83 samples tested, v. parahaemolyticus could be detected in 74 (89.2%) samples and tdh(+)v. parahae ... | 2008 | 18620975 |
| bactericidal effect of lactoferrin and lactoferrin chimera against halophilic vibrio parahaemolyticus. | infections caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus, an halophilic member of the genus vibrio, have increased globally in the last 5 years. diarrhea caused by v. parahaemolyticus results from eating raw or undercooked seafood. the aim of this work was to investigate whether lactoferrin and some lactoferrin-peptides have bactericidal activity against vibrio parahaemolyticus atcc 17802, the pandemic strain o3:k6, and the multidrug resistant isolate 727, as well as against vibrio cholerae strains o1 and n ... | 2009 | 18625283 |
| regulation of phagocytosis against bacterium by rab gtpase in shrimp marsupenaeus japonicus. | rab gtpases, members of the ras superfamily, play important roles in phagosome formation and maturation. however, the involvement of rab protein in phagocytosis against invading pathogens in crustacean remains unknown. in the present study, the rnai and mrna overexpression assays were conducted to elucidate the function of shrimp rab gene (designated as pjrab) in hemocytic phagocytosis against bacterium. the results indicated that the phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index using fitc-labeled ... | 2008 | 18650102 |
| foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis due to norovirus and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus and norovirus have been recognized as the cause of sporadic cases or outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness in association with the ingestion of raw or improperly cooked seafood. this report describes a foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by both norovirus and vibrio parahaemolyticus following the consumption of raw seafood in a restaurant in terrassa (catalonia, spain) in september 2005. measures are needed to reduce contamination of raw seafood. consumers can reduce t ... | 2009 | 18667107 |
| comparison of v. parahaemolyticus isolated from seafoods and cases of gastrointestinal disease in the uk. | in this study the prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish and estuarine waters from the uk was examined using cultural and nucleic acid hybridisation approaches. forty-nine isolates derived from environmental sources were characterised using serotyping, pcr, nucleic acid hybridisation and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the serotypic and molecular profiles of these isolates were compared to 20 clinical isolates, including representatives of the pandemic o3:k6 clone. thirty pe ... | 2008 | 18668416 |
| effectiveness of icing as a postharvest treatment for control of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica). | the focus of this research was to investigate the efficacy of icing as a postharvest treatment for reduction of the levels of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in commercial quantities of shellstock oysters. the experiments were conducted in june and august of 2006 and consisted of the following treatments: (i) on-board icing immediately after harvest; (ii) dockside icing approximately 1 to 2 h prior to shipment; and (iii) no icing (control). changes in the levels of pathogenic vibri ... | 2008 | 18680950 |
| structural biology. symmetric transporters for asymmetric transport. | | 2008 | 18687947 |
| transgenic microalgae as a non-antibiotic bactericide producer to defend against bacterial pathogen infection in the fish digestive tract. | antibiotics are commonly employed in most fish aquacultures to prevent disease. one major risk in this practice is that antibiotic-resistant pathogens may be selected. therefore, we wanted to examine the feasibility of producing an economical, non-antibiotic alternative. the microalga nannochloropsis oculata is an essential phytoplankton used as live feed for fish larvae. we attempted to culture n. oculata in a way that would provide an organism against bacterial pathogenic infection. to test th ... | 2009 | 18691655 |
| contamination of community water sources by potentially pathogenic vibrios following sea water inundation. | potentially pathogenic members of the vibrionaceae family including vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahemolyticus were isolated from domestic sources of drinking water in coastal villages following sea water inundation during the tsunami in southern india. phenotypic and genotypic studies were done to confirm the identity and detection of toxins. vibrio-gyr (gyrase b gene) was detected in all sixteen vibrio isolates. toxin regulating genes i.e.: ctx gene, tdh gene, and trh gene, however were not de ... | 2007 | 18697592 |
| impact of compounding error on strategies for subtyping pathogenic bacteria. | comparative-omics will identify a multitude of markers that can be used for intraspecific discrimination between strains of bacteria. it seems intuitive that with this plethora of markers we can construct higher resolution subtyping assays using discrete markers to define strain "barcodes." unfortunately, with each new marker added to an assay, overall assay robustness declines because errors are compounded exponentially. for example, the difference in accuracy of strain classification for an as ... | 2008 | 18713065 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus orchestrates a multifaceted host cell infection by induction of autophagy, cell rounding, and then cell lysis. | the bacterial pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus utilizes a type iii secretion system to cause death of host cells within hours of infection. we report that cell death is completely independent of apoptosis and occurs by a mechanism in which injection of multiple type iii effectors causes induction of autophagy, cell rounding, and the subsequent release of cellular contents. autophagy is detected by the appearance of lipidated light chain 3 (lc3) and by increases in punctae and vacuole formation. ... | 2008 | 18713860 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts of edible wild and cultivated mushrooms against foodborne bacterial strains. | the antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts from edible wild and cultivated mushrooms against nine foodborne pathogenic bacterial strains (escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, shigella sonnei, vibrio parahaemolyticus, yersinia enterocolitica, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus) was screened with a disk diffusion assay. twenty-nine of the 48 species tested had antimicrobial activity. meth ... | 2008 | 18724768 |
| vibrio parahemolyticus, a newly recognized cause of food-borne illiness. | | 1973 | 18730938 |
| immunomagnetic separation and coagglutination of vibrio parahaemolyticus with anti-flagellar protein monoclonal antibody. | mice were immunized by injection of vibrio parahaemolyticus atcc 17802 polar flagellin in order to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs). mabs were analyzed by anti-h enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using v. parahaemolyticus polar flagellar cores. the mab exhibiting the highest anti-h titer was coated onto cowan i staphylococcus aureus cells at a concentration of 75 microg/ml cell suspension and used for slide coagglutination. of 41 isolates identified genetically as v. parahaemolyticus, 100% c ... | 2008 | 18753337 |
| isolation of a vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic strain from a marine water sample obtained in the northern adriatic. | | 2008 | 18768128 |
| surveillance of health status on eight marine rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), farms in denmark in 2006. | the health status of eight marine rainbow trout farms was followed from mid-june to mid-september 2006 by sampling both dead and healthy fish approximately every 2 weeks for bacteriological and virological investigation. no fish pathogenic viruses were detected, but all farms experienced disease and mortality as a result of various bacterial infections. yersinia ruckeri was found on four and renibacterium salmoninarum on five of the farms, but only during the first part of the surveillance perio ... | 2008 | 18786028 |
| dynamic localization of mreb in vibrio parahaemolyticus and in the ectopic host bacterium escherichia coli. | mreb, a homolog of eukaryotic actin, participates in morphogenesis, cell division, cell polarity, and chromosome segregation in prokaryotes. in this study, a yellow fluorescent protein conjugate (yfp-mreb(vp)) was generated to investigate the behavior of mreb in merodiploid strain sc9 of the enteropathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus. under normal growth conditions, yfp-mreb(vp) formed helical filaments with a pitch of 0.64 +/- 0.09 microm in about 85% of exponential-phase cells, and different clust ... | 2008 | 18791022 |
| antibacterial compounds from rose bengal-sensitized photooxidation of beta-caryophyllene. | the bactericidal activity of beta-caryophyllene photooxidized in acetonitrile was examined for 5 gram-positive and 4 gram-negative foodborne bacteria. the beta-caryophyllene (5 x 10(-3) m) was photooxidized in acetonitrile containing rose bengal (6.25 x 10(-4) m) for 24 h under fluorescent light. the antimicrobial activities of samples were determined by the agar-disc diffusion method. active compounds from the photooxidized beta-caryophyllene were isolated by silica gel open-column chromatograp ... | 2008 | 18803699 |
| hfq regulates the expression of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the hfq gene is conserved in a wide variety of bacteria and hfq is involved in many cellular functions such as stress responses and the regulation of gene expression. it has also been reported that hfq is involved in bacterial pathogenicity. however, it is not clear whether hfq regulates virulence in vibrio parahaemolyticus. to evaluate this, we investigated the effect of hfq on the expression of virulence-associated genes including thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), which is considered to be ... | 2008 | 18803872 |
| antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb. against foodborne pathogens. | xanthorrhizol, isolated from the ethanol extract of curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb., is a sesquiterpene compound with a molecular weight of 218. the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol against foodborne pathogens. the antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol was measured in terms of the mic and the mbc. mics and mbcs of xanthorrhizol against bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, and ... | 2008 | 18810881 |
| localization and expression of mreb in vibrio parahaemolyticus under different stresses. | mreb, the homolog of eukaryotic actin, may play a vital role when prokaryotes cope with stress by altering their spatial organization, including their morphology, subcellular architecture, and localization of macromolecules. this study investigates the behavior of mreb in vibrio parahaemolyticus under various stresses. the behavior of mreb was probed using a yellow fluorescent protein-mreb conjugate in merodiploid strain sc9. under normal growth conditions, mreb formed helical filaments in expon ... | 2008 | 18820055 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine seafood-borne pathogen causing gastrointestinal disorders in humans. thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) are known as major virulence determinants of v. parahaemolyticus. most v. parahaemolyticus isolates from the environment do not produce tdh or trh. total v. parahaemolyticus has been used as an indicator for control of seafood contamination toward prevention of infection. detection of total v. parahaemolyticus using conventio ... | 2008 | 18823567 |
| cloning and expression analysis of two alternative splicing toll-like receptor 9 isoforms a and b in large yellow croaker, pseudosciaena crocea. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are the archetypal pattern-recognition receptors in sensing foreign pathogens. in this report, two alternative splicing isoforms of tlr9 (named pctlr9a and pctlr9b) cdna were cloned from the large yellow croaker, pseudosciaena crocea. the full-length cdna of pctlr9a was of 3637bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 111bp, 3'-terminal utr of 355bp and an open reading frame (orf) of 3171bp encoding a polypeptide of 1056 amino acids. however, the full-le ... | 2008 | 18824108 |
| a novel dna microarray for rapid diagnosis of enteropathogenic bacteria in stool specimens of patients with diarrhea. | a microarray technique for the detection and identification of enteropathogenic bacteria at the species and subspecies levels was developed in this study, and the target bacteria included pathogenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella enterica, campylobacter jejuni, shigellae, yersinia enterocolitica, and listeria monocytogenes. the virulence gene of each pathogen was chosen as the amplification target, labeled with a fluorescence dye by multiplex polymerase ch ... | 2008 | 18834908 |
| molecular and functional characterization of a novel cc chemokine in large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea). | a full-length cc chemokine cdna was isolated from large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea) by expressed sequence tag (est) analysis (lyccc2). its open reading frame (orf) is 282 nucleotides (nt), encoding a polypeptide of 93 amino acids (aa). the deduced lyccc2 contains a 20-aa signal peptide and a 73-aa mature polypeptide, which possesses the typical arrangement of four cysteines as found in other known cc chemokines (c(34), c(35), c(61) and c(75)). it shares 17.4-40.4% and 10.0-24.5% aa seq ... | 2008 | 18835451 |
| physicochemical properties of diheme cytochrome c4 of unknown function from vibrio parahaemolyticus strain rimd2210633. | to characterize a diheme cytochrome c4 of unknown functional of the vibrio genus for the first time, the vibrio parahaemolyticus cytochrome c4 was overexpressed in escherichia coli periplasm using the endogenous signal sequence. the physicochemical properties of the purified recombinant protein, viz., molecular mass, uv/vis, and cd spectra, and the redox potentials of the n- and c-terminal domain hemes were determined. | 2008 | 18838782 |
| necrotizing fasciitis due to vibrio parahaemolyticus. | a report of a fatal case of necrotizing fasciitis of the leg due to vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. this organism frequently causes minor infections in seawater-exposed wounds. in this case the patient died due to fulminant sepsis caused by necrotizing fasciitis, despite surgical debridement. this case serves as a reminder for targeted antibiotic coverage for vibrio in any serious saltwater-related infection, and as an illustration of the rapid and severe systemic toxicity associated with vib ... | 2008 | 18841190 |
| acanthamoeba castellanii promotes the survival of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne pathogen that naturally inhabits both marine and estuarine environments. free-living protozoa exist in similar aquatic environments and function to control bacterial numbers by grazing on free-living bacteria. protozoa also play an important role in the survival and spread of some pathogenic species of bacteria. we investigated the interaction between the protozoan acanthamoeba castellanii and the bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus. we found that acanthamoe ... | 2008 | 18849458 |
| the human health burden of foodborne infections caused by campylobacter, salmonella, and vibrio parahaemolyticus in miyagi prefecture, japan. | to estimate the human health burden of foodborne infections caused by campylobacter, salmonella, and vibrio parahaemolyticus in japan, an epidemiological study was conducted in miyagi prefecture. laboratory-confirmed infections among patients with diarrhea caused by the three pathogens were ascertained from two clinical laboratories in the prefecture from april 2005 to march 2006. to estimate the number of ill persons who were not laboratory-confirmed, we estimated physician-consultation rates f ... | 2008 | 18851675 |
| emergence of asiatic vibrio diseases in south america in phase with el niño. | the seventh pandemic of vibrio cholerae unexpectedly reached the coast of peru in 1991, causing an explosive emergence of infections throughout the american continents. the origin and routes of dissemination are as yet unknown. a new vibrio epidemic arose in 1997 in south america (northern chile) when the pandemic clone of vibrio parahaemolyticus was for the fist time detected outside of asia. these 2 cases were concurrent with 2 episodes of el niño. | 2008 | 18854707 |
| seasonal distribution of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in chesapeake bay oysters and waters. | the objectives of this study were to investigate the seasonal distribution of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in the chesapeake bay oysters and waters, and to determine the degree of association between v. parahaemolyticus densities and selected environmental parameters. oyster and water samples were collected monthly from three sites in chesapeake bay, maryland from november 2004 through october 2005. during collection of samples, water temperature, salinity, turbidity, dissolved o ... | 2008 | 18963158 |
| [isolation of vibrio parahaemolyticus having new combination of o and k serotypes from traveler's diarrheal patients]. | | 2008 | 18975593 |
| first molluscan tnf-alpha homologue of the tnf superfamily in disk abalone: molecular characterization and expression analysis. | tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is considered as a multifunctional immune modulator that plays an important role in the innate and adaptive immune systems in vertebrates. here, we described the characterization and expression analysis of the first tnf-alpha homologue in mollusk abalone, named as abtnf-alpha. it has 930-bp full length with a 717-bp open reading frame (orf), encoding 239 amino acids. the abtnf-alpha amino acid sequence shows the characteristic tnf family signature, n-termi ... | 2009 | 18984056 |
| not without cause: vibrio parahaemolyticus induces acute autophagy and cell death. | vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus) is a gram-negative halophillic bacterium that causes worldwide seafood-borne gastroenteritis. the prevalence of v. parahaemolyticus in the environment and incidence of infection have been linked to rising water temperatures caused by global warming. among its virulence factors, v. parahaemolyticus harbors two type iii secretion systems (t3ss). recently, we have shown that t3ss1 induces rapid cellular death that initiates with acute autophagy, as meas ... | 2009 | 19011375 |
| reanalysis of structure/function correlations in the region of transmembrane segments 4 and 5 of the rabbit sodium/glucose cotransporter. | the predicted topology of the mammalian high-affinity sodium/glucose cotransporter (sglt1), in the region surrounding transmembrane segments 4 and 5, disagrees with the recent published crystal structure of bacterial sglt from vibrio parahaemolyticus (vsglt). to investigate this issue further, 38 residues from i143 to a180 in the n-terminal half of rabbit sglt1 were each replaced with cysteine and then expressed in cos-7 cells or xenopus laevis oocytes. the membrane orientations of the substitut ... | 2009 | 19013429 |
| characteristics of a pandemic clone of o3 : k6 and o4 : k68 vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in beira, mozambique. | the genetic characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated in 2004 and 2005 in mozambique were assessed in this study to determine whether the pandemic clone of v. parahaemolyticus o3 : k6 and o4 : k68 serotypes has spread to mozambique. fifty-eight v. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from hospitalized diarrhoea patients in beira, mozambique, were serotyped for o : k antigens and genotyped for toxr, tdh and trh genes. a group-specific pcr, a pcr that detects the presence of orf8 of ... | 2008 | 19018020 |
| genome plasticity of vibrio parahaemolyticus: microevolution of the 'pandemic group'. | outbreak of v. parahaemolyticus infections occurred since 1996 was linked to a proposed clonal complex, the pandemic group. the whole genome sequence provides an unprecedented opportunity for dissecting genome plasticity and phylogeny of the populations of v. parahaemolyticus. in the present work, a whole-genome cdna microarray was constructed to compare the genomic contents of a collection of 174 strains of v. parahaemolyticus. | 2008 | 19038058 |
| ampylation of rho gtpases by vibrio vops disrupts effector binding and downstream signaling. | the vibrio parahaemolyticus type iii effector vops is implicated in cell rounding and the collapse of the actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting rho guanosine triphosphatases (gtpases). we found that vops could act to covalently modify a conserved threonine residue on rho, rac, and cdc42 with adenosine 5'-monophosphate (amp). the resulting ampylation prevented the interaction of rho gtpases with downstream effectors, thereby inhibiting actin assembly in the infected cell. eukaryotic proteins were also ... | 2009 | 19039103 |
| innate immunity in the deep sea hydrothermal vent mussel bathymodiolus azoricus. | the interaction between microorganisms and host defense mechanisms is a decisive factor for the survival of marine bivalves. they rely on cell-mediated and humoral reactions to overcome the pathogens that naturally occur in the marine environment. in order to understand host defense reactions in animals inhabiting extreme environments we investigated some of the components from the immune system of the deep sea hydrothermal vent mussel bathymodiolus azoricus. cellular constituents in the hemolym ... | 2009 | 19041413 |
| protein expression in vibrio parahaemolyticus 690 subjected to sublethal heat and ethanol shock treatments. | cells of vibrio parahaemolyticus 690 were subjected either to heat shock at 42 degrees c for 45 min or to ethanol shock in the presence of 5% ethanol for 60 min. the protein profiles of the unstressed and stressed v. parahaemolyticus cells were compared. additionally, the induction of dnak- and groel-like proteins in the unstressed and stressed cells of v. parahaemolyticus was also examined. analysis with one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) indica ... | 2008 | 19044275 |