| development and validation of a new serum standard for the measurement of anti-hev antibodies in animals. | although hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a zoonosis, there is, currently, no standardized assay for quantitatively measuring anti-hev antibody levels in hev animal reservoirs. in this study, anti-hev antibody positive serum from a rabbit (rs26) was calibrated by dose-response parallel line assay using the world health organization (who) reference standard for anti-hev antibodies. after evaluating the stability of the rs26 serum, a quantification assay of anti-hev antibodies using rs26 as a ... | 2017 | 27487450 |
| analysis of adaptive mutations selected during the consecutive passages of hepatitis e virus produced from an infectious cdna clone. | to characterize the genomic mutations of hepatitis e virus (hev) during consecutive passages associated with adaptation to growth in cell culture, a cloned genotype 3 hev [pje03-1760f/wt, starting virus (sv)] was passaged 10 times in a549 cells, and the entire genomic sequence of the passage 10 (p10) progeny was determined. compared to sv, p10 virus possessed two non-synonymous (t2808c and a5054g) and four synonymous mutations (c1213t, t2557c, c3118t and c4435t) in the orf1. full-length infectio ... | 2016 | 27485920 |
| hepatitis e virus infections in travellers: assessing the threat to the australian blood supply. | in many developed countries hepatitis e virus (hev) infections have occurred predominantly in travellers to countries endemic for hev. hev is a potential threat to blood safety as the virus is transfusion-transmissible. to minimise this risk in australia, individuals diagnosed with hev are deferred. malarial deferrals, when donors are restricted from donating fresh blood components following travel to an area in which malaria is endemic, probably also decrease the hev risk, by deferring donors w ... | 2016 | 27483488 |
| a rat model for hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is one of the prime causes of acute viral hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis e is increasingly recognized as an important problem in the transplant setting. nevertheless, the fundamental understanding of the biology of hev replication is limited and there are few therapeutic options. the development of such therapies is partially hindered by the lack of a robust and convenient animal model. we propose the infection of athymic nude rats with the rat hev strain la-b350 as suc ... | 2016 | 27483350 |
| hepatitis e virus antibody prevalence, rna frequency, and genotype among blood donors in cambodia (southeast asia). | recent studies conducted in developed countries described hepatitis e virus (hev) as an emerging infectious threat to blood safety. however, data on hev among blood donors from southeast asia are lacking. | 2016 | 27480100 |
| susceptibility of pigs to zoonotic hepatitis e virus genotype 3 isolated from a wild boar. | in europe, zoonotic hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 strains mainly circulate in humans, swine and wild boar. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential transmission of a wild boar originating hev strain (wbhev) to swine by intravenous or oral inoculation and to study the consequences of infection of a wbhev strain, a wbhev strain previously passaged in a pig and a swine hev strain after oral inoculation. firstly, an intravenous infection was performed for which five piglets were d ... | 2016 | 27477944 |
| evolution of hepatitis e virus-associated meningo-polyradiculoneuropathy on ribavirin. | | 2016 | 27470489 |
| increased hepatitis e virus seroprevalence correlates with lower cd4+ cell counts in hiv-infected persons in argentina. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a single-stranded rna virus that can cause hepatitis in an epidemic fashion. hev usually causes asymptomatic or limited acute infections in immunocompetent individuals, whereas in immunosuppressed individuals such as transplant recipients, hev can cause chronic infections. the risks and outcomes of hev co-infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are poorly characterized. we used a third generation immunoassay to measure serum igg antibodie ... | 2016 | 27467394 |
| crystal structure of the human astrovirus capsid protein. | human astrovirus (hastv) is a leading cause of viral diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. hastv is a nonenveloped virus with a t=3 capsid and a positive-sense rna genome. the capsid protein (cp) of hastv is synthesized as a 90-kda precursor (vp90) that can be divided into three linear domains: a conserved n-terminal domain, a hypervariable domain, and an acidic c-terminal domain. maturation of hastv requires proteolytic processing of the astrovirus cp both inside and outside the hos ... | 2016 | 27466429 |
| hepatitis e: prevention and treatment. | infection with the hepatitis e virus (hev) is very common worldwide. the epidemiology, viral genotypes, and transmission routes differ between low-resource countries and economically developed countries. these differences have resulted in the design of diverse prevention and treatment strategies to combat hev. | 2016 | 27454402 |
| hepatitis e viral loads in plasma pools for fractionation. | it is now recognized that blood donors may be silently infected with hepatitis e virus (hev) and that plasma pools used in the manufacture of plasma-derived medicinal products may also contain detectable virus rna. the occurrence of hev-infected blood and plasma donors can vary considerably depending on local epidemiology. | 2016 | 27453197 |
| production of infectious dromedary camel hepatitis e virus by a reverse genetic system: potential for zoonotic infection. | the pathogenicity, epidemiology and replication mechanism of dromedary camel hepatitis e virus (dchev), a novel hepatitis e virus (hev), has been unclear. here we used a reverse genetic system to produce dchev and examined the possibility of zoonotic infection. | 2016 | 27449916 |
| viral macro domains reverse protein adp-ribosylation. | adp-ribosylation is a posttranslational protein modification in which adp-ribose is transferred from nad(+) to specific acceptors to regulate a wide variety of cellular processes. the macro domain is an ancient and highly evolutionarily conserved protein domain widely distributed throughout all kingdoms of life, including viruses. the human targ1/c6orf130, macrod1, and macrod2 proteins can reverse adp-ribosylation by acting on adp-ribosylated substrates through the hydrolytic activity of their m ... | 2016 | 27440879 |
| islet cell transplantation from göttingen minipigs to cynomolgus monkeys: analysis of virus safety. | xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues or organs may be associated with the transmission of porcine zoonotic micro-organisms. hepatitis e virus (hev), porcine cytomegalovirus (pcmv) and porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs) are potentially zoonotic micro-organisms which do not show clinical symptoms in pigs and which are due to the low expression level difficult to detect. göttingen minipigs (gömp) are often used for biomedical investigations and they are well characterized concerning th ... | 2016 | 27440468 |
| possible foodborne transmission of hepatitis e virus from domestic pigs and wild boars from corsica. | | 2016 | 27437570 |
| genotype 1 hepatitis e virus infection with acute acalculous cholecystitis as an extrahepatic symptom: a case report. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes an acute viral hepatitis that is transmitted enterically. it is epidemic in africa, asia, the middle east, and central america. it is known that hev can cause extrahepatic manifestations. here, we report the first case of acalculous cholecystitis as an extrahepatic symptom of hev. | 2016 | 27433137 |
| hepatitis e virus: assessment of the epidemiological situation in humans in europe, 2014/15. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in eu/eea countries, but the understanding of the burden of the infection in humans is inconsistent as the disease is not under eu surveillance but subject to national policies. | 2016 | 27393938 |
| detection and genetic characterization of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 subtype c in wild boars in italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) was detected in stools collected from wild boars in italy, with an overall prevalence of 1.5 % (3/196). the sequence of a ~3.0-kb portion at the 3' end of the genome of one such strain, hev/wb/p6-15/ita, was determined. in the full-length orf2, which encodes the capsid protein, the virus was genetically closest to wild boar and human hev strains currently classified as genotype 3 subtype c. interestingly, the 3' end of orf2 of the wb/p6-15/ita matched the 340-nucleotide ( ... | 2016 | 27393602 |
| guillain-barré and miller fisher syndromes in patients with anti-hepatitis e virus antibody: a hospital-based survey in japan. | there have been reports from several countries that hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is frequently associated with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). this study aimed to determine the frequency of hev infection associated with gbs in japanese patients, and to clarify the clinical characteristics of these patients. sera obtained from 63 patients with gbs or miller fisher syndrome (mfs) and 60 control subjects were examined for both hev-igm and hev-igg. of the 63 patients, three were positive for bot ... | 2016 | 27389141 |
| low transfusion transmission of hepatitis e among 25,637 single-donation, nucleic acid-tested blood donors. | hepatitis e virus genotype-3 (hev-gt-3) causes autochthonous infections in western countries, with a primary reservoir in animals, especially pigs. hev transfusion transmission has been reported, and hev-gt-3 prevalence is high in some european countries. the prevalence of hev rna was investigated among danish blood donors, and the prevalence of hev transfusion-transmitted infection (tti) was investigated among recipients. | 2016 | 27385646 |
| hepatitis e virus: a cross-sectional serological and virological study in pigs and humans at zoonotic risk within a high-density pig farming area. | an increase in autochthonous hepatitis e virus (hev) infections has been recorded in italy suspected to be zoonotically transmitted from pigs; this study was carried out to determinate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis hev exposition, both in swine and humans working in pig farms, located within a high-density pig farming area in piedmont region, north-western italy. the presence of viral rna in human and swine samples was also evaluated, and phylogenetic analysis was ... | 2016 | 27380833 |
| [neurological symptoms with a hepatitis e virus infection]. | infection with hepatitis e virus genotype 3 (hev3) is an emerging zoonosis in the industrialized world. the infection usually proceeds asymptomatically. extrahepatic sequelae including neurological symptoms have been described. | 2016 | 27378260 |
| the relationship between serology of hepatitis e virus with liver and kidney function in kidney transplant patients. | although hepatitis e virus (hev) is well known to cause acute hepatitis, there are reports showing that hev may also be responsible for progression of acute to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in patients receiving organ transplantation. in this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hev in patients with kidney transplantation. in this study, 110 patients with kidney transplantation were recruited, and anti-hev igg, creatinine, alanine transaminase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase ( ... | 2016 | 27366144 |
| hepatitis e in israel: a nation-wide retrospective study. | to investigate the epidemiology, risk factors and clinical course of acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in israel, an industrialized country. | 2016 | 27350735 |
| corrigendum to "hepatitis e virus infection in the hiv-positive patient" [j. clin. virol. 80 (2016) 102-106]. | | 2016 | 27345249 |
| hepatitis e virus infection--a new threat for europe. | of 20 million of patients infected with hepatitis e virus (hev) worldwide 57 thousand dies each year. hev-infection is not longer regarded as a diseases in developing endemic countries of asia, africa and latin america. the majority of european countries faces increasing number of endemic infections. they are caused by seven different genotypes and be responsible for acute and chronic infections. hev is of zoonotic origin causing infections in pigs and boars which are a source of infection for h ... | 2016 | 27344467 |
| clinical and virological profiling of sporadic hepatitis e virus infection in china. | recently, genotype 4 hev (hev-4) associated hepatitis e has overtaken hev-1 infections in china, but few studies reported the clinical and virological features of hev-4 infection. | 2016 | 27343562 |
| ifn regulatory factor 1 restricts hepatitis e virus replication by activating stat1 to induce antiviral ifn-stimulated genes. | ifn regulatory factor 1 (irf1) is one of the most important ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) in cellular antiviral immunity. although hepatitis e virus (hev) is a leading cause of acute hepatitis worldwide, how isgs counteract hev infection is largely unknown. this study was conducted to investigate the effect of irf1 on hev replication. multiple cell lines were used in 2 models that harbor hev. in different hev cell culture systems, irf1 effectively inhibited hev replication. irf1 did not trigger if ... | 2016 | 27328944 |
| hepatitis e virus rna-dependent rna polymerase: rna template specificities, recruitment and synthesis. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a positive-sense rna virus and member of the genus orthohepevirus in the family hepeviridae. although hev rna-dependent rna polymerase (hev-rdrp) plays an important role in the hev life cycle, its template specificities are not completely understood. we expressed hev-rdrp protein with his-tag in a bacterial system and analysed template specificities using different putative cis-regulatory elements in the hev genome. the enzyme showed highest affinity for the 3' non-cod ... | 2016 | 27324050 |
| clinical and virological features of acute hepatitis e in gunma prefecture, japan between 2004 and 2015. | to evaluate the clinical and virological features of acute hepatitis e (ah-e) in gunma prefecture and focus on the hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in immunocompromised patients. | 2016 | 27322051 |
| detection of subtle differences in analogous viral capsid proteins by allowing unrestricted specific interaction in solution competition elisa. | assay artifacts were reported in plate-based immuoassays during the assessment of specific molecular interactions owing to the surface induced aggregation/conformational changes. to circumvent surface adsorption and associated artifacts, we used a solution competition elisa by allowing unrestricted interaction between binding partners to occur in solution for better discrimination between epitopes with subtle differences. a difference of two orders of magnitude in binding to neutralizing antibod ... | 2016 | 27321427 |
| report of a novel c1483w mutation in the hepatitis e virus polymerase in patients with acute liver failure. | here, we report the molecular alterations in the hev genome from patients with acute liver failure (alf) and acute viral hepatitis (avh) from north india, including pregnant women and its association with the poor outcome of the disease. we partially sequenced the rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) region of the orf 1 protein in the hev genome from representative samples from patients with alf and avh and identified two novel mutations cysteine 1483 tryptophan and asparagine 1530 threonine in 1 ... | 2016 | 27320795 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in dromedaries, north and east africa, united arab emirates, and pakistan, 1983-2015. | a new hepatitis e virus (hev-7) was recently found in dromedaries and 1 human from the united arab emirates. we screened 2,438 dromedary samples from pakistan, the united arab emirates, and 4 african countries. hev-7 is long established, diversified and geographically widespread. dromedaries may constitute a neglected source of zoonotic hev infections. | 2016 | 27315454 |
| acute graft dysfunction 17 years after liver transplant: a challenging clinical and histologic manifestation of hepatitis e. | acute hepatitis e virus infection after liver transplant is a challenging clinical phenomenon. due to its unspecific clinical and histological presentation, the diagnosis of acute or chronic hepatitis e virus infection can be difficult in unclear cases of elevated liver enzymes. here, we report the case of a 56-year-old male patient who presented to our center for 17-year follow-up after liver transplant with α1-antitrypsin deficiency. the patient was asymptomatic but had remarkably increased tr ... | 2016 | 27310664 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in iran. | iran is known as an endemic country for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, while there are variations in the epidemiology of hev infection throughout the country. the available epidemiological studies in different regions of iran show hev seroprevalence of 1.1%-14.2% among general population, 4.5% -14.3% among blood donors, 6.1%-22.8% among injecting drug users, 6.3%-28.3% among hemodialysis patients, 1.6%-11.3% among patients infected with other hepatitis viruses, 27.5% among patients with chro ... | 2016 | 27298557 |
| excretion of infectious hepatitis e virus into milk in cows imposes high risks of zoonosis. | hepatitis e virus (hev) represents the main cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. hev infection in immunocompromised patients involves a high risk for the development of chronic hepatitis. because hev is recognized as a zoonotic pathogen, it is currently believed that swine is the primary reservoir. however, this is not sufficient to justify the strikingly high seroprevalence of hev in both developing and western countries. thus, this study aimed to identify new zoonotic sources that bear a high r ... | 2016 | 27286751 |
| differential immune responses in mice immunized with recombinant neutralizing epitope protein of hepatitis e virus formulated with liposome and alum adjuvants. | in the developing countries, hepatitis e virus (hev) is a predominant cause of sporadic acute hepatitis in adults and waterborne epidemics leading to high mortality in pregnant women. vaccine development mainly focuses on the structural capsid protein open-reading-frame-2 (orf-2) of the virus. we successfully evaluated liposome-adjuvanted recombinant neutralizing epitope protein (rnep), a part of orf-2, 458-607aa, in mice and rhesus macaques. we compared immune response to adjuvants alone, rnep ... | 2016 | 27285290 |
| divergent hepatitis e virus in birds of prey, common kestrel (falco tinnunculus) and red-footed falcon (f. vespertinus), hungary. | hepatitis e virus (hev), family hepeviridae, has raised considerable public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the animal to animal transmissions and the natural chain of hepevirus infections in wildlife are less known. using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a novel hev in birds of prey was serendipitously identified in hungary. hev rna was detected in total of 2 (18%) of the 11 and 1 (14%) of the 7 faecal samples from common kestrels and re ... | 2016 | 27282471 |
| epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of hepatitis e virus infection in bulgaria: a report on 20 patients. | hepatitis e is one of the leading clinical manifestations of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries. in industrialized countries, during the past several years, sporadic "autochthonous" cases of hev infection have been increased. | 2016 | 27276860 |
| the orf3 protein of genotype 1 hepatitis e virus suppresses tlr3-induced nf-κb signaling via tradd and rip1. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 1 infection is common and can emerge as outbreaks in developing areas, thus posing a threat to public health. however, due to the absence of feasible animal models, the mechanism of he pathogenesis remains obscure. the hev pathogenic mechanism has been suggested to be mediated by the immune system and not by direct viral duplication. we firstly discovered that the open reading frame 3 (orf3) protein of genotype 1 hev downregulates tlr3-mediated nf-κb signaling in ... | 2016 | 27270888 |
| [infection by the hepatitis e virus as a precipitating factor of parsonage-turner syndrome]. | | 2016 | 27270680 |
| hepatitis e seroprevalence and related risk factors among seafood processing workers: a cross-sectional survey in shandong province, china. | this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and the potential risk factors for acquiring hev infection in the seafood processing factories in yantai city of shandong province, china. | 2016 | 27265612 |
| new insights into the hepatitis e virus genotype 3 phylodynamics and evolutionary history. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emergent hepatotropic virus endemic mainly in asia and other developing areas. however, in the last decade it has been increasingly reported in high-income countries. human infecting hev strains are currently classified into four genotypes (1-4). genotype 3 (hev-3) is the prevalent virus genotype and the mostly associated with autochthonous and sporadic cases of hev in developed areas. the evolutionary history of hev worldwide remains largely unknown. in this study ... | 2016 | 27264728 |
| [hepatitidis e virus]. | the number of detected cases of hepatitis e (he) shows an increasing trend in the czech republic, probably due the introduction of new diagnostic methods and greater awareness of he. in most cases, the source of infection has remained unconfirmed or entirely unclear. the causative agent, the hepatitis e virus (hev), belongs to the hepeviridae family. recently, many isolates from mammals, birds, and fish have been identified. hev is widespread among farm pigs and wild boar populations all over th ... | 2016 | 27246639 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 3 in sewage and genotype 1 in acute hepatitis cases, israel. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging infectious agent in developed countries. hev genotypes 1 (g1) and 3 (g3) have been identified in environmental and clinical samples in europe. in israel, the overall prevalence of anti-hev igg antibodies was found to be 10.6%; however, reports of hev infection are scarce. in this study, the presence of hev in israel was investigated using 169 sewage samples from 32 treatment facilities and 49 samples from acute hepatitis patients, all collected between 2013 ... | 2016 | 27246446 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in the hiv-positive patient. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a rna virus that can cause hepatitis. in immunocompetent individuals, infection with hev usually leads to asymptomatic seroconversion. however, in immunosuppressed patients, such as transplant recipients, hev can develop into a chronic infection. studies regarding the seroprevalence and clinical implications of hev in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are conflicting. levels of cd4 count in blood seem to be the most widely associated risk fa ... | 2016 | 27243210 |
| e hepatitis seroprevalence in a population of patients with transaminases increased at le mans' hospital (france). | in europe, infection through the hepatitis e virus presents itself under the form of autochthone, sporadic cases with zoonotic transmission. the diagnosis is more frequent in the case of male subjects above 50, with a generally severe clinical presentation. moreover, a transition to chronicity is described in the case of immunocompromised patients. in france and in the world, seroprevalence has not clearly been established yet. in the hospital of le mans, sarthe, france, the serologic status reg ... | 2016 | 27237808 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev) orf2 antigen levels differentiate between acute and chronic hev infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 infections are frequent in europe and north america, with acute and chronic courses described in the literature. hev rna detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is the gold standard for diagnosis. recently, an anti-hev antigen (ag)-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) directed against the hev capsid became commercially available. the effectiveness of anti-hev ag-specific elisa at detecting hev genotype 3 infections remains undefined ... | 2016 | 27234418 |
| innate immune responses in human hepatocyte-derived cell lines alter genotype 1 hepatitis e virus replication efficiencies. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a significant health problem in developing countries causing sporadic and epidemic forms of acute viral hepatitis. hepatitis e is a self-limiting disease; however, chronic hev infections are being reported in immunocompromised individuals. the disease severity is more during pregnancy with high mortality (20-25%), especially in third trimester. early cellular responses after hev infection are not completely understood. we analyzed innate immune responses associated wit ... | 2016 | 27230536 |
| hepatitis e virus infection among chronic hemodialysis. | | 2016 | 27226872 |
| hepatitis e virus circulation in italy: phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries, has been classified into four main genotypes and a number of subtypes. new genotypes have been recently identified in various mammals, including hev genotype 3, which has a worldwide distribution. it is widespread among pigs in developed countries. | 2016 | 27226798 |
| in vivo evidence for ribavirin-induced mutagenesis of the hepatitis e virus genome. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection can take chronic courses in immunocompromised patients potentially leading to liver cirrhosis and liver failure. ribavirin (rbv) is currently the only treatment option for many patients, but treatment failure can occur which has been associated with the appearance of a distinct hev polymerase mutant (g1634r). here, we performed a detailed analysis of hev viral intrahost evolution during chronic hepatitis e infections. | 2016 | 27222534 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 3 in mussels (mytilus galloprovinciallis), spain. | coastal waters can become contaminated with both human waste from sewage treatment plants and runoff following manure application. thus, shellfish produced close to land can bioaccumulate enteric viruses of human and animal origin, including zoonotic hepatitis e virus that infect both human and swine. the goal of this study was to evaluate the presence of hev in shellfish from galicia (nw spain), a densely populated region with a strong tradition of swine farming, and one of the most important r ... | 2016 | 27217353 |
| thermal stability of hepatitis e virus as estimated by a cell culture method. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an increasingly recognized zoonotic pathogen. transmission is suspected to occur from infected pigs or wild boars to humans through direct contact, environmental pathways, or contaminated food. however, the physical and chemical stability of hev is largely unknown, because suitable cell culture methods for infectivity measurement are missing. here, we developed a titration method using infection of the cell line a549/d3 with hev genotype 3 strain 47832c and subsequent ... | 2016 | 27208095 |
| hepatitis e: latest developments in knowledge. | hepatitis e, caused by hepatitis e virus (hev), is a highly prevalent disease in developing countries. in developed nations, autochthonous hev infections seem to be an emergent disease. its clinical manifestations and epidemiology are well known for endemic countries. it has been confirmed that hepatitis e is a zoonosis and that parenteral transmission can also occur. the molecular mechanisms of hev replication are not fully understood, mostly because there are no efficient cell culture systems. ... | 2016 | 27203841 |
| experimental infection of rabbits with genotype 3 hepatitis e virus produced both chronicity and kidney injury. | | 2017 | 27196597 |
| hepatitis e virus: current epidemiology and vaccine. | hepatitis e virus infections have been continuously reported in indian subcontinent, africa, southeast and central asia, posing great health threats to the public, especially to pregnant women. hecolin® is the only licensed hev vaccine developed by xiamen innovax biotech co., ltd. extensive characterizations on antigenicity, physicochemical properties, efficacy in clinical trials, and manufacturing capability have made hecolin® a promising vaccine for hev control. however, there are many obstacl ... | 2016 | 27184971 |
| blood-borne hepatitis e virus transmission: a relevant risk for immunosuppressed patients. | | 2016 | 27178472 |
| hepatitis e virus mutations associated with ribavirin treatment failure result in altered viral fitness and ribavirin sensitivity. | ribavirin monotherapy is the preferred treatment for chronic hepatitis e, although occasional treatment failure occurs. we present a patient with chronic hepatitis e experiencing ribavirin treatment failure with a completely resistant phenotype. we aimed to identify viral mutations associated with treatment failure and explore the underlying mechanisms. | 2016 | 27174035 |
| acute liver failure - it's just a matter of cell death. | acute liver failure (alf) is characterized by a sudden loss of hepatic function due to hepatocyte cell death and dysfunction in previously healthy individuals. the clinical presentation of alf is associated with coagulopathy (international normalized ratio ≥1.5) and hepatic encephalopathy, although the latter may be less pronounced. without appropriate and timely intensive care or liver transplantation (ltx), alf will result in multi-organ failure and death. various causes may induce alf, with a ... | 2017 | 27170397 |
| hepatitis e virus: time to change the textbooks. | until recently, hepatitis e virus (hev) was thought not to occur in developed countries. it is now clear that locally acquired hev is common in such settings. hev infection acquired in these areas differs from that in developing countries in a number of important aspects: it is caused by genotype 3 (and 4 in china and japan), it mainly affects middle-aged/elderly males and it is zoonotic with a porcine primary host. pig herds worldwide are infected with hev genotype 3 and hev has been found in t ... | 2017 | 27170383 |
| hepatitis e virus orf1 encoded macro domain protein interacts with light chain subunit of human ferritin and inhibits its secretion. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major causative agent of acute hepatitis in developing countries. its genome has three open reading frames (orfs)-called as orf1, orf2, and orf3. orf1 encodes nonstructural polyprotein having multiple domains, namely: methyltransferase, y domain, protease, macro domain, helicase, and rna-dependent rna polymerase. in the present study, we show that hev-macro domain specifically interacts with light chain subunit of human ferritin (ftl). in cultured hepatoma cells, h ... | 2016 | 27170377 |
| hepatitis e virus in surface water, sediments, and pork products marketed in southern brazil. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging causative agent of food and waterborne hepatitis in human beings. hev circulates among human populations and swine herds, and may be found in water contaminated by swine feces, as well as in pork. in the present study, 68 sediment samples and 250 water samples collected from the sinos river tributaries, as well as 50 samples of pork products (pâté and blood sausage) marketed in the sinos river watershed region, brazil, were tested for the presence of hev ge ... | 2016 | 27169536 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus in sewage after an outbreak on a french island. | a hepatitis e outbreak, which occurred on a small isolated island, provided an opportunity to evaluate the association between the number of hepatitis e cases in the community and the concentration of virus detected in sewage. samples were collected from the different sewage treatment plants from the island and analyzed for the presence of hepatitis e (hev) virus using real-time rt-pcr. we demonstrated that if 1-4 % of inhabitants connected to a wwtp were infected with hev, raw sewage contained ... | 2016 | 27165600 |
| identification and characterization of avian hepatitis e virus genotype 2 from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in korea. | a new avian hepatitis e virus (hev) gi-b was identified in broiler breeders with hematomas, liver rupture, and splenomegaly, along with excessive abdominal fat, in korea. previously, genotype 1 had been identified in avian hev strains in korea. complete sequence analyses revealed that the new avian hev clustered in genotype 2, which has been identified in the usa and spain; the gi-b isolate was closely related to the usa prototype avian hev isolated from a chicken with hepatitis-splenomegaly syn ... | 2016 | 27164843 |
| advances in hepatitis e - i: virology, pathogenesis and diagnosis. | infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) is the commonest cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. hev was discovered in 1980s and is known to have small non-enveloped virions with single-stranded rna genome of positive polarity. in recent years. in recent years, availability of new information has changed our understanding of this virus and the pathogenesis of the related disease. | 2016 | 27159083 |
| sero-epidemiological study of hepatitis e virus among thalassemia as high risk patients: a cross-sectional survey in jahrom, southern, iran. | hepatitis e virus (hev) could be cause of viral hepatitis in the developing countries and cause severe epidemics. according to other studies, blood transfusion as a probable route of hev infection has been suggested. an infection with hepatitis agents such as hev causes active liver failure in multi-transfusion patients in particular thalassemia. the purpose of this study determines the seropositivity of anti-hev antibodies in thalassemia individuals in jahrom. in a cross-sectional study, sera f ... | 2016 | 27157168 |
| asialoglycoprotein receptor facilitates infection of plc/prf/5 cells by hev through interaction with orf2. | although the biological and epidemiological features of hepatitis e virus (hev) have been studied extensively in recent years, the mechanism by which hev infects cells is still poorly understood. in this study, coimmunoprecipitation, pull-down, and elisa were used to show that the hev orf2 protein interacts directly with the ectodomain of both asgr1 and asgr2. susceptibility to hev correlated positively with the expression level of surface asialoglycoprotein receptor (asgpr) in cell lines. asgpr ... | 2016 | 27155063 |
| advances in hepatitis e - ii: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention. | infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) is the commonest cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. this infection, with fecal-oral transmission, was previously thought to be limited to humans residing in developing countries with poor sanitation, spreading via contaminated drinking water. in recent years, our understanding of epidemiology and clinical spectrum of this infection have changed markedly. | 2016 | 27148907 |
| hepatitis e virus in farmed rabbits, wild rabbits and petting farm rabbits in the netherlands. | rabbits have been suggested as a zoonotic source of hepatitis e virus. phylogenetic analysis of hev isolates from farmed, wild and pet rabbits in the netherlands (23, 0, and 60 % respectively) showed them to be grouped amongst published rabbit hev sequences and distinct from most human isolates. dutch rabbits are unlikely to be a zoonotic source. | 2016 | 27147250 |
| identification of distribution characteristics and epidemic trends of hepatitis e in zhejiang province, china from 2007 to 2012. | hepatitis e virus is a common hepatotropic virus that causes serious gastrointestinal symptoms. data of reported hev cases in zhejiang province was collected between 2007 and 2012. descriptive epidemiological methods and spatial-temporal epidemiological methods were used to investigate the epidemiological trends and identify high-risk regions of hepatitis e infection. in this study, the average morbidity of hepatitis e infection was 4.03 per 100,000 in zhejiang province, peaking in winter and sp ... | 2016 | 27146250 |
| screening transfusions for hepatitis e virus: is it needed in india? | | 2016 | 27132948 |
| serum levels of soluble cd26, a novel prognostic marker for hepatitis e infection. | even without treatment, most acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infected patients resolve hev but sometimes the disease leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. the mechanisms of hev pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. however, the immune responses to hev are not precisely identified. | 2016 | 27127593 |
| farm-level prevalence and risk factors for detection of hepatitis e virus, porcine enteric calicivirus, and rotavirus in canadian finisher pigs. | hepatitis e virus (hev), norovirus (nov), and rotavirus (rv) are all hypothesized to infect humans zoonotically via exposure through swine and pork. our study objectives were to estimate canadian farm-level prevalence of hev, nov [specifically porcine enteric calicivirus (pec)], and rv in finisher pigs, and to study risk factors for farm level viral detection. farms were recruited using the canadian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance (cipars) and foodnet canada on-farm ... | 2016 | 27127336 |
| a high-throughput neutralizing assay for antibodies and sera against hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the aetiological agent of enterically transmitted hepatitis. the traditional methods for evaluating neutralizing antibody titres against hev are real-time pcr and the immunofluorescence foci assay (ifa), which are poorly repeatable and operationally complicated, factors that limit their applicability to high-throughput assays. in this study, we developed a novel high-throughput neutralizing assay based on biotin-conjugated p239 (hev recombinant capsid proteins, a.a. 36 ... | 2016 | 27122081 |
| hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus seroprevalence among blood donors in tehran, iran. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are both transmitted by the fecal-oral route and are known as the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis in the world, especially in developing countries. there is a lack of updated data on hav and hev seroprevalence in iran. | 2016 | 27110256 |
| apolipoprotein e ε3 and ε4 are associated with a lower exposure to hepatitis e virus in american non-hispanic blacks. | | 2016 | 27098729 |
| neuralgic amyotrophy associated with hepatitis e virus (hev) infection: a case report. | | 2016 | 27095100 |
| uv disinfection and flocculation-chlorination sachets to reduce hepatitis e virus in drinking water. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of waterborne outbreaks in areas with poor sanitation. as safe water supplies are the keystone for preventing hev outbreaks, data on the efficacy of disinfection treatments are urgently needed. here, we evaluated the ability of uv radiation and flocculation-chlorination sachets (fcss) to reduce hev in water matrices. the hev-p6-kernow strain was replicated in the hepg2/c3a cell line, and we quantified genome number using qrt-pcr and infectivity using an i ... | 2016 | 27079972 |
| first reported outbreak of locally acquired hepatitis e virus infection in australia. | to determine the source and extent of a locally acquired hepatitis e virus (hev) infection outbreak. | 2016 | 27078603 |
| local transmission of hepatitis e virus in australia: implications for clinicians and public health. | | 2016 | 27078590 |
| reduced glutathione in hepatitis e infection and pregnancy outcome. | to study reduced glutathione (gsh) as a marker of oxidative stress in hepatitis e virus (hev) infection during pregnancy, and to clarify its association with pregnancy outcome. | 2016 | 27075039 |
| c-terminal amino acids 471-507 of avian hepatitis e virus capsid protein are crucial for binding to avian and human cells. | the infection of chickens with avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) can be asymptomatic or induces clinical signs characterized by increased mortality and decreased egg production in adult birds. due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system for avian hev, the interaction between virus and host cells is still barely understood. in this study, four truncated avian hev capsid proteins (orf2-1 - orf2-4) with an identical 338aa deletion at the n-terminus and gradual deletions from 0, 42, 99 and ... | 2016 | 27073893 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev)-1 harbouring hev-4 non-structural protein (orf1) replicates in transfected porcine kidney cells. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a causative agent of acute hepatitis and a major public health problem in india. there are four mammalian hev genotypes worldwide. in india, genotype 1 (hev-1) is restricted to humans whereas genotype 4 (hev-4) circulates in pigs. studies from our laboratory have shown that hev-4 (swine) virus can establish experimental infection in rhesus monkeys; however, hev-1 (human) virus cannot infect pigs. viral and/or cellular factors responsible for this host specificity are n ... | 2016 | 27072797 |
| fulminant hepatic failure from hepatitis e in a non-pregnant female traveller. | a non-pregnant canadian woman returning from india presented with a 1-week history of jaundice and malaise. subsequently, she developed fulminant hepatic failure caused by hepatitis e virus (hev). hev can cause fulminant hepatic failure, most commonly in pregnant women and those with chronic liver disease; however, all travellers are at risk. | 2016 | 27069000 |
| chronic hepatitis e virus infection after living donor liver transplantation via blood transfusion: a case report. | although it occurs worldwide, hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in developed countries is generally foodborne. hev infection is subclinical in most individuals. although fulminant liver failure may occur, progression to chronic hepatitis is rare. this study describes a 41-year-old man with liver cirrhosis caused by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma within the milan criteria. his liver function was classified as child-pugh grade c. living donor liver transplantation (ldlt ... | 2016 | 27059470 |
| persisting hepatitis e virus infection leading to liver cirrhosis despite recovery of the immune system in an hiv-infected patient. | chronic hepatitis e has been described several times in strongly immunosuppressed hiv-patients. we describe the persistence of hev-infection in an hiv-patient despite a restored immune response. this case demonstrates that hev-infection can persist in formerly immunosuppressed individuals irrespective of the current immune status. persisting hev-infection can lead to chronic inflammation and liver cirrhosis. physicians should be aware of the possibility of chronic hepatitis e even in patients th ... | 2016 | 27055386 |
| hepatitis e virus as an emerging zoonotic pathogen. | hepatitis e outbreaks are a serious public health concern in developing countries. the disease causes acute infections, primarily in young adults. the mortality rate is approximately 2%; however, it can exceed 20% in pregnant women in some regions in india. the causative agent, hepatitis e virus (hev), has been isolated from several animal species, including pigs. hev genotypes 3 and 4 have been isolated from both humans and animals, and are recognized as zoonotic pathogens. seroprevalence studi ... | 2016 | 27051334 |
| hepatitis e in children: a position paper by the espghan hepatology committee. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in large parts of the developing world. waterborne transmission of genotypes 1 or 2 commonly causes acute hepatitis, which is usually self-limited in healthy individuals. in addition, acute hev infections also occur outside endemic areas, mostly related to foodborne transmission of hev genotype 3. a growing number of publications in the last decade have reported chronic infection progressing to cirrhosis in immunosuppressed patients. it has also been suggested ... | 2016 | 27050048 |
| autochthonous infection with hepatitis e virus related to subtype 3a, france: a case report. | hepatitis e virus (hev) recently emerged in europe as a cause of autochthonous acute hepatitis and a porcine zoonosis. european autochthonous cases almost exclusively involved viruses of genotype 3, subtype 3a being only recently reported in france, from farm pigs. we report an autochthonous human infection with a hev related to subtype 3a in southeastern france. a 55-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-infected man presented liver cytolysis in june 2014. hev rna was detected in serum and thre ... | 2017 | 27049499 |
| endoplasmic reticulum stress induced synthesis of a novel viral factor mediates efficient replication of genotype-1 hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute hepatitis in many parts of the world including asia, africa and latin america. though self-limiting in normal individuals, it results in ~30% mortality in infected pregnant women. it has also been reported to cause acute and chronic hepatitis in organ transplant patients. of the seven viral genotypes, genotype-1 virus infects humans and is a major public health concern in south asian countries. sporadic cases of genotype-3 and 4 infection in human and animals ... | 2016 | 27035822 |
| isolation of hepatitis e virus from breast milk during acute infection. | | 2016 | 27025819 |
| a novel blocking elisa for detection of antibodies against hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infects both humans and animals, with an overall human mortality rate generally less than 1%, but as high as 20% among pregnant women. hev strains fall into 4 major genotypes. zoonotic genotypes 3 and 4 associate with sporadic human and animal hev cases in many industrialized countries. to date, collective evidence implicates pigs as the main hev reservoir, justifying the importance of monitoring hev infection rates in pig herds to prevent human illness. due to the lack o ... | 2016 | 27023902 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence among schistosomiasis patients in northeastern brazil. | hepatitis e virus (hev) can cause chronic infection with rapid progression to liver cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients. hev seroprevalence in patients with schistosoma mansoni in brazil is unknown. we evaluated the prevalence of past or present hev infection in schistosomiasis patients in recife, pernambuco, brazil. a total of 80 patients with schistosoma mansoni were consecutively enrolled in a cross-sectional study. serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-hev igg antibodies by ... | 2017 | 27020708 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in autoimmune hepatitis patients in the netherlands. | in recent years chronic courses of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection have been described in immunosuppressed individuals. this may implicate a potential role for hev in the development of autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (aih). here we investigated the prevalence of hev-antibodies in aih patients in an endemic central european country. | 2016 | 27014749 |
| hepatitis e virus infection among solid organ transplant recipients at a north american transplant center. | background. autochthonous hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has been reported in over 200 solid organ transplant (sot) recipients since 2006, yet little is known about the burden of hev among sot recipients in north america. we performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with hev infection among sot recipients at our institution. methods. children and adults (n = 311) who received allografts between 1988 and 2012 at the johns hopki ... | 2016 | 27014710 |
| study of hepatitis e virus infection of genotype 1 and 3 in mice with humanised liver. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for approximately 20 million infections per year worldwide. although most infected people can spontaneously clear an hev infection, immune-compromised individuals may evolve towards chronicity. chronic hev infection can be cured using ribavirin, but viral isolates with low ribavirin sensitivity have recently been identified. although some hev isolates can be cultured in vitro, in vivo studies are essentially limited to primates and pigs. since the use o ... | 2017 | 27006186 |
| the hepatitis e virus: a likely cause of extrahepatic diseases! | | 2016 | 27005693 |
| extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus can cause acute, fulminant and chronic hepatitis and has been associated with a range of extrahepatic manifestations. guillain-barré syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy and encephalitis are the main neurological manifestations associated with acute and chronic hepatitis e virus infection. renal injuries have been also reported, including membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with or without cryoglobulinemia and membranous glomerulonephritis. acute pancreatitis, haematological dis ... | 2016 | 27005692 |
| characterization and epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies raised against rat hepatitis e virus capsid protein: an evaluation of their neutralizing activity in a cell culture system. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis. rat hev is a recently discovered virus related to, but distinct from, human hev. since laboratory rats can be reproducibly infected with rat hev and a cell culture system has been established for rat hev, this virus may be used as a surrogate virus for human hev, enabling studies on virus replication and mechanism of infection. however, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against rat hev capsid (orf2) protein are not available. in this ... | 2016 | 26992654 |