| susceptibility and irritability of adult forms of main malaria vectors against insecticides used in the indoor residual sprays in muzaffargarh district, pakistan: a field survey. | in southern punjab, pakistan, muzaffargarh district is known to have insecticide-resistant anopheles and drug-resistant plasmodium spp. in this part of the country, five anopheline mosquitoes, anopheles stephensi liston, anopheles culicifacies giles, anopheles fluviatilis james, anopheles superpictus grassi, and anopheles subpictus grassi (diptera: culicidae) are known as malaria vectors. among these, an. culicifacies is the primary and an. stephensi is the secondary malaria vector. outbreaks of ... | 2014 | 24724288 |
| pesticide susceptibility status of anopheles mosquitoes in four flood-affected districts of south punjab, pakistan. | recent floods drastically increased the burden of disease, in particular the incidence of malaria, in the southern districts of the punjab province in pakistan. control of malaria vector mosquitoes in these districts requires the adoption of an appropriate evidence-based policy on the use of pesticides, and having the latest information on the insecticide resistance status of malaria vector mosquitoes is essential for designing effective disease prevention policy. using world health organization ... | 2013 | 23199276 |
| spatio-temporal distribution of malaria vectors (diptera: culicidae) across different climatic zones of iran. | malaria is a main vector-borne public health problem in iran. the last studies on iranian mosquitoes show 31 anopheles species including different sibling species and genotypes, eight of them are reported to play role in malaria transmission. the objective of this study is to provide a reference for malaria vectors of iran and to map their spatial and temporal distribution in different climatic zones. shape files of administrative boundaries and climates of iran were provided by national cartogr ... | 2011 | 21771707 |
| observations on sporozoite detection in naturally infected sibling species of the anopheles culicifacies complex and variant of anopheles stephensi in india. | sporozoites were detected in naturally infected sibling species of the primary rural vector anopheles culicifacies complex in two primary health centres (phcs) and a variant of the urban vector anopheles stephensi in mangalore city, karnataka, south india while carrying out malaria outbreak investigations from 1998-2006. sibling species of an. culicifacies were identified based on the banding patterns on ovarian polytene chromosomes, and variants of an. stephensi were identified based on the num ... | 2008 | 19005232 |
| strong larvicidal activity of three species of spilanthes (akarkara) against malaria (anopheles stephensi liston, anopheles culicifacies, species c) and filaria vector (culex quinquefasciatus say). | a system for biocontrol of malaria and filarial mosquito vectors has been developed using herbal extracts of three spilanthes species, s. acmella l.var oleraceae clarke, s. calva l. and s. paniculata wall ex dc. cent percent mortalities was achieved against the late third/early fourth instar larvae of a. stephensi liston, a. culicifacies species c and c. quinquefasciatus say using crude hexane extract obtained from flower heads of spilanthes spp. of the three plant species, s. acmella extract pr ... | 2007 | 17922235 |
| field evaluation of permethrin long-lasting insecticide treated nets (olyset(®)) for malaria control in an endemic area, southeast of iran. | long lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) have been advocated as an effective tool for prevention and control of malaria. olyset net was the first llins which became commercially available and obtained who approval. according to the national strategic plan on evaluation of olyset net, a field trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of these nets against malaria vectors in an endemic area in the southeast of iran. fourteen villages with similar topographical and epidemiological situatio ... | 2012 | 22579798 |
| experimental studies on reproductive capacity of anopheles fluviatilis and anopheles stephensi (type) after exposure to sublethal doses of d.d.t. in different stages of gonotrophic cycle. | | 1955 | 13262834 |
| identification of wild collected mosquito vectors of diseases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in jazan province, saudi arabia. | thirty-three species of mosquitoes have been reported from the kingdom of saudi arabia. several of these mosquitoes, anopheles gambiae giles s.l., anopheles stephensi liston, culex pipiens linnaeus, culex quinquefasciatus say, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, stegomyia aegypti (linnaeus) and aedimorphus vexans arabiensis (patton) are known vectors of human and animal diseases. in this study, the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of eight mosquito species using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry wer ... | 2013 | 24259205 |
| cpg-containing oligodeoxynucleotides increases resistance of anopheles mosquitoes to plasmodium infection. | unmethylated cpg dinucleotide motifs in bacterial dna or in synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) are potent stimulators of the vertebrate innate immune system. however, the potential of these dna species to modulate mosquito immunity have not been explored. in the present study, we investigated the effects of cpg-odn on the outcome of plasmodium infection in insects and on the modulation of mosquito immunity to plasmodium. anopheles stephensi and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes inoculated with cpg ... | 2012 | 22885118 |
| reproductive biology in anophelinae mosquitoes (diptera, culicidae): fine structure of the female accessory gland. | the morphology and ultrastructure of female accessory reproductive glands of anopheles maculipennis s.s., anopheles labranchiae and anopheles stephensi were investigated by light and electron microscopy. the reproductive system in these species is characterized by two ovaries, two lateral oviducts, a single spermatheca and a single accessory gland. the gland is globular and has a thin duct which empties into the vagina, near the opening of the spermathecal duct. significant growth of the accesso ... | 2015 | 25895726 |
| the salivary gland chromosomes of anopheles ramsayi and its relationship with anopheles stephensi (culicidae: diptera). | | 1979 | 527383 |
| isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers from asian malaria mosquito anopheles sinensis (diptera: culicidae). | microsatellite-containing region were isolated and characterized in anopheles sinensis, a primary vector of malaria parasites in asia. an enrichment protocol yielded 252 microsatellite sequences. we designed primers to amplify 20 unique microsatellites, 14 of which amplify cleanly and were polymorphic. a survey of 24 individuals showed that 12 loci are highly variable with the number of alleles ranging from two to 11, and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.116 to 0.903. these markers will be ... | 2008 | 21585971 |
| gene expression modulation of abc transporter genes in response to permethrin in adults of the mosquito malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | living organisms have evolved an array of genes coding for detoxifying enzymes and efflux protein pumps, to cope with endogenous and xenobiotic toxic compounds. the study of the genes activated during toxic exposure is relevant to the area of arthropod vector control, since these genes are one of the targets upon which natural selection acts for the evolution of insecticide resistance. atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters participate to insecticide detoxification acting as efflux pumps, that ... | 2017 | 28302529 |
| evidence of metabolic mechanisms playing a role in multiple insecticides resistance in anopheles stephensi populations from afghanistan. | malaria is endemic in most parts of afghanistan and insecticide-based vector control measures are central in controlling the disease. insecticide resistance in the main malaria vector anopheles stephensi from afghanistan is increasing and attempts should be made to determine the underlying resistance mechanisms for its adequate management. | 2017 | 28253925 |
| bio-efficacy, physical integrity, community usage and washing practices of mosquito nets treated with icon maxx long-lasting insecticidal treatment in india. | new brands of potential long lasting insecticide nets (llins) and llin treatment kits require field evaluation before they are used in a vector control programme. | 2017 | 28125134 |
| the choreography of the chemical defensome response to insecticide stress: insights into the anopheles stephensi transcriptome using rna-seq. | animals respond to chemical stress with an array of gene families and pathways termed "chemical defensome". in arthropods, despite many defensome genes have been detected, how their activation is arranged during toxic exposure remains poorly understood. here, we sequenced the transcriptome of anopheles stephensi larvae exposed for six, 24 and 48 hours to the ld50 dose of the insecticide permethrin to monitor transcriptional changes of defensome genes across time. a total of 177 genes involved in ... | 2017 | 28112252 |
| integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data for accurate assembly and annotation of genomes. | complementing genome sequence with deep transcriptome and proteome data could enable more accurate assembly and annotation of newly sequenced genomes. here, we provide a proof-of-concept of an integrated approach for analysis of the genome and proteome of anopheles stephensi, which is one of the most important vectors of the malaria parasite. to achieve broad coverage of genes, we carried out transcriptome sequencing and deep proteome profiling of multiple anatomically distinct sites. based on t ... | 2017 | 28003436 |
| potential mode of action of a novel plumbagin as a mosquito repellent against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi, (culicidae: diptera). | plumbagin was isolated and characterized from the roots of plumbago zeylanica using chromatography: tlc, column chromatogram, hplc, ftir and (1)h nmr. the isolated pure compounds were assayed for potency as inhibitors of: acetylcholine esterase (ache), glutathione s-transferases (gst), superoxide dismutase (sod), cytochrome p450 and α, β-esterase, and for repellency with anopheles stephensi at four different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100ppm). the enzyme assay against the pure compound revea ... | 2016 | 27914545 |
| effect of temperature and search area on the functional response of anisops sardea (hemiptera: notonectidae) against anopheles stephensi in laboratory bioassay. | present study was carried out to establish the influence of abiotic factors on foraging activities of a predatory hemipteran insect anisops sardea against anopheles stephensi larvae. the functional response of a. sardea was evaluated in variable density of prey items with variation in search area (100, 250, 500 and 1000ml water volume) and temperatures (20, 25 and 30°c). the results of laboratory bioassay revealed that prey consumption rate of predator species was positively related with increas ... | 2017 | 27908745 |
| evaluation of commercial agrochemicals as new tools for malaria vector control. | malaria is a vector-borne and life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female anopheles mosquitoes. the vector control insecticide market represents a small fraction of the crop protection market and is estimated to be valued at up to $500 million at the active ingredient level. insecticide resistance towards the current whopes-approved products urgently requires the development of new tools to protect communities against the trans ... | 2016 | 27779931 |
| identification and optimization of new leads for malaria vector control. | a significant proportion of the world's population remains at risk from malaria, and whilst great progress has been made in reducing the number of malaria cases globally through the use of vector control insecticides, these gains are under threat from the emergence of insecticide resistance. the spread of resistance in the vector populations, principally to pyrethroids, is driving the need for the development of new tools for malaria vector control. in order to identify new leads 30,000 compound ... | 2016 | 27779927 |
| laser system for identification, tracking, and control of flying insects. | flying insects are common vectors for transmission of pathogens and inflict significant harm to humans and agricultural production in many parts of the world. we present proof of principle for an optical system capable of highly specific vector control. this system utilizes a combination of optical sources, detectors, and sophisticated software to search, detect, and identify flying insects in real-time, with the capability of eradication using a lethal laser pulse. we present data on two insect ... | 2016 | 27410106 |
| larvicidal potential of essential oils against musca domestica and anopheles stephensi. | the larvicidal activity of mentha piperita, cymbopogan citratus (lemongrass), eucalyptus globulus and citrus sinensis (orange) essential oils and their combinations was evaluated against musca domestica (housefly) and anopheles stephensi (mosquitoes) through contact toxicity assay. among all the tested essential oils/combinations, me. piperita was found to be the most effective larvicidal agent against mu. domestica and an. stephensi with lc50 values of 0.66 μl/cm(2) and 44.66 ppm, respectively, ... | 2016 | 26920567 |
| hemocytome: deep sequencing analysis of mosquito blood cells in indian malarial vector anopheles stephensi. | hemocytes are tiny circulating blood cells of insects known to play multiple roles in physiological as well as cellular immune responses. however, the molecular nature of hemocytes in blood feeding insects, especially mosquitoes which transmit several deadly diseases such as malaria, dengue etc. is still limited. therefore, to know the basic molecular composition of naïve mosquito hemocyte encoded proteins, we sequenced rna-seq library and analyzed a total of 13,105,858 illumina sequencing reads ... | 2016 | 26915489 |
| how heterogeneous is the involvement of abc transporters against insecticides? | understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular defense against xenobiotic compounds is a main research issue in medical and veterinary entomology, as insecticide/acaricide resistance is a major threat in the control of arthropods. abc transporters are recognized as a component of the detoxifying mechanism in arthropods. we investigated the possible involvement of abc transporters in defense to the organophosphate insecticide temephos in the malarial vector anopheles stephensi. we per ... | 2016 | 26855383 |
| larvicidal potential of carvacrol and terpinen-4-ol from the essential oil of origanum vulgare (lamiaceae) against anopheles stephensi, anopheles subpictus, culex quinquefasciatus and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae). | mosquito-borne diseases represent a deadly threat for millions of people worldwide. however, the use of synthetic insecticides to control culicidae may lead to resistance, high operational costs and adverse non-target effects. nowadays, plant-borne mosquitocides may serve as suitable alternative in the fight against mosquito vectors. in this study, the mosquito larvicidal activity of origanum vulgare (lamiaceae) leaf essential oil (eo) and its major chemical constituents was evaluated against th ... | 2016 | 26850541 |
| population genetic structure of urban malaria vector anopheles stephensi in india. | malaria is a major public health problem in india because climatic condition and geography of india provide an ideal environment for development of malaria vector. anopheles stephensi is a major urban malaria vector in india and its control has been hampered by insecticide resistance. in present study population genetic structure of a. stephensi is analyzed at macro geographic level using 13 microsatellite markers. significantly high genetic differentiation was found in all studied populations w ... | 2016 | 26777030 |
| knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in indian anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) populations. | knockdown resistance (kdr) in insects resulting from mutation(s) in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene is one of the mechanisms of resistance against ddt and the pyrethroid group of insecticides. earlier, we reported the presence of two classic kdr mutations, i.e., l1014f and l1014s in anopheles stephensi liston, a major indian malaria vector affecting mainly urban areas. this report presents the distribution of these alleles in different an. stephensi populations. seven populations of ... | 2016 | 26747858 |
| green-synthesised nanoparticles from melia azedarach seeds and the cyclopoid crustacean cyclops vernalis: an eco-friendly route to control the malaria vector anopheles stephensi? | the impact of green-synthesised mosquitocidal nanoparticles on non-target aquatic predators is poorly studied. in this research, we proposed a single-step method to synthesise silver nanoparticles (ag np) using the seed extract of melia azedarach. ag np were characterised using a variety of biophysical methods, including uv-vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. in laboratory assays on anopheles steph ... | 2016 | 26679526 |
| biochemical basis of alphamethrin resistance in different life stages of anopheles stephensi strains of bangalore, india. | anopheles stephensi is an important urban malaria vector in the indian subcontinent. extensive application of insecticides evokes microevolution, which results in resistance that can be traced back to their genotypes. in this study, resistant and susceptible strains of an. stephensi for alphamethrin were selected by selective inbreeding for 27 and ten generations respectively. the biochemical basis of resistance in all the life stages was investigated. quantitative assays were performed for prot ... | 2016 | 26598105 |
| phospholipid topography of whole-body sections of the anopheles stephensi mosquito, characterized by high-resolution atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. | high-resolution atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (ap-smaldi msi) has been employed to study the molecular anatomical structure of rodent malaria vector anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. a dedicated sample preparation method was developed which suits both, the special tissue properties of the sample and the requirements of high-resolution maldi imaging. embedding in 5% carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) was used to maintain the ... | 2015 | 26491885 |
| deltamethrin induced functional mortality of anopheles stephensi, the urban malaria vector, in relation to resistance development. | | 2015 | 26418659 |
| aristolochia indica green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: a sustainable control tool against the malaria vector anopheles stephensi? | malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted to people and animals through the bites of infected mosquitoes. we biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (agnp) using aristolochia indica extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. agnp were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy, ftir, sem, edx and xrd. in laboratory, lc50 of a. indica extract against anopheles stephensi ranged from 262.66 (larvae i) to 565.02 ppm (pupae). lc50 of agnp against a. stephensi ranged from 3.94 (larva ... | 2015 | 26412532 |
| datura metel-synthesized silver nanoparticles magnify predation of dragonfly nymphs against the malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted to people and animals through the bites of infected mosquitoes. the employ of synthetic insecticides to control anopheles populations leads to high operational costs, non-target effects, and induced resistance. recently, plant-borne compounds have been proposed for efficient and rapid extracellular synthesis of mosquitocidal nanoparticles. however, their impact against predators of mosquito larvae has been poorly studied. in t ... | 2015 | 26337272 |
| blood-feeding behaviors of anopheles stephensi but not phlebotomus papatasi are influenced by actively warming guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) under general anesthesia. | animal models are often used to study hematophagous insect feeding behavior and evaluate products such as topical repellents. however, when these models are used the study animals often experience significant drops in core body temperature because of the effects of anesthesia. this study used a guinea pig model to investigate whether maintaining a normothermic core body temperature during anesthesia influenced the rate of anopheles stephensi and phlebotomus papatasi blood feeding. experiments we ... | 2015 | 26181690 |
| green chemistry focus on optimization of silver nanoparticles using response surface methodology (rsm) and mosquitocidal activity: anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | there is an exigent necessity for development of environmental friendly bio-control agent(s) for elimination of mosquito due to increased resistance resurgence against synthetic control agents. mosquito control strategy will lay a strong foundation to malaria exclusion or it can be curbed to certain level especially in the developing nations. in this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by green chemistry approach using tridax procumbens leaf extract as a reducing agent. the reaction med ... | 2015 | 26010566 |
| a novel biopesticide ponneem to control human vector mosquitoes anopheles stephensi l. and culex quinquefasciatus say. | organophosphate pesticides are widely used in vector mosquito management and agricultural pest management. these chemicals enter into natural water bodies and soil and cause hazards to the environment. the objective of this study was to prepare a natural pesticide which will not harm the environment and yet control vector mosquitoes. ponneem, a novel biopesticide, patented and prepared from the oils of azadirachta indica and pongamia glabra, was tested against anopheles stephensi and culex quinq ... | 2015 | 25929457 |
| larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge cliona celata (grant) extracts against anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | to evaluate the larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent properties of solvent extracts of marine sponge cliona celata (c. celata) (grant) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi) liston. | 2015 | 25901921 |
| resveratrol fails to extend life span in the mosquito anopheles stephensi. | resveratrol, a plant polyphenol present in grape skins, has been theorized to account for the "french paradox" by explaining how red wine may decrease the health risks associated with unhealthy diets. resveratrol has been reported to extend life span in several different species. other studies, however, have failed to find a resveratrol-induced life span effect. a recent meta-study analyzing previously published survival data concluded that, although resveratrol reliably and reproducibly extends ... | 2015 | 25848933 |
| chlorfenapyr: irritant effect compared to other insecticides and its intrinsic toxicity in multiple-insecticide-susceptible and -resistant anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | for effective management of vector resistance there is a need for new insecticide molecules with novel modes of action. for desired toxic effect of an insecticide, apart from other behavioural aspects, toxicity and chemical nature of the molecule are important that may cause irritability in the mosquito to the insecticide affecting the uptake. in this study, a pyrrole class insecticide, chlorfenapyr (a late acting insecticide) was tested for its irritability against multiple-insecticide-suscepti ... | 2015 | 25815874 |
| larvicidal activity of few select indigenous plants of north east india against disease vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes are the vectors of several life threatening diseases like dengue, malaria, japanese encephalitis and lymphatic filariasis, which are widely present in the north-eastern states of india. investigations on five local plants of north-east india, selected on the basis of their use by indigenous communities as fish poison, were carried out to study their mosquito larvicidal potential against anopheles stephensi (malaria vector), stegomyia aegypti (dengue vector) and culex quinquefasciatus ... | 2015 | 25801251 |
| the anopheles stephensi odorant binding protein 1 (asteobp1) gene: a new molecular marker for biological forms diagnosis. | anopheles (cellia) stephensi liston 1901 is known as an asian malaria vector. three biological forms, namely "mysorensis", "intermediate", and "type" have been earlier reported in this species. nevertheless, the present morphological and molecular information is insufficient to diagnose these forms. during this investigation, an. stephensi biological forms were morphologically identified and sequenced for odorant-binding protein 1 (obp1) gene. also, intron i sequences were used to construct phyl ... | 2015 | 25795618 |
| toxicity of aristolochic acids isolated from aristolochia indica linn (aristolochiaceae) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | with the growth of resistance to overused insecticides, vector management has become highly problematic. hence more concentration has been focused on botanicals. therefore our present study was aimed to evaluate the toxicity of compounds, aristolochic acid i and aristolochic acid ii from the methanol extract of aristolochia indica l. (aristolochiaceae) leaves on larvae of anopheles stephensi l. (diptera: culicidae) employing world health organization standard larvicide testing procedures. the so ... | 2015 | 25660198 |
| biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using floral extract of chrysanthemum indicum l.--potential for malaria vector control. | mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. the use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. insecticides synthesized of natural products for vector control have been a priority in this area. in the present study, silver nanoparticles (ag nps) were green-synthesized using a floral extract of chrysanthemum indicum screened for larvicidal ... | 2015 | 25637241 |
| genomic and bioinformatic analysis of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase in anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (p450) enzyme system is a major mechanism of xenobiotic biotransformation. the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph)-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) is required for transfer of electrons from nadph to p450. one cpr gene was identified in the genome of the malaria-transmitting mosquito anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). the gene encodes a polypeptide containing highly conserved flavin mononucleotide-, flavin adenine dinucleotide-, and ... | 2014 | 25368081 |
| population genetic structure of malaria vector anopheles stephensi using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii gene in indian populations. | the genetic differentiation in a. stephensi based on haplotype diversity using restriction fragment length polymorphism and bysequencing of co ii gene across different localities in india has been analyzed. the presence of only one drai restriction site in co ii gene conferred to haplotype b indicating that the gene is very much conserved and the gene flow is not affected even by a major geographical distance barrier. the sequencing and analysisof various population parameters revealed seven hap ... | 2014 | 25345249 |
| solvatochromic behaviour and larvicidal activity of acridine-3-carboxylates. | a new series of substituted ethyl 10-chloro-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-12-phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[a]acridine-3-carboxylates, 3a-e have been synthesized through naoh base mediated cyclocondensation of (e)-7-chloro-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-9-phenyl-3,4-dihydroacridin-1(2h)-ones, 1a-e with ethyl acetoacetate. structures of these synthesized molecules were studied by ft-ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and ei-ms. and all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their uv-absorption studi ... | 2014 | 25240425 |
| preferential feeding success of laboratory reared anopheles stephensi mosquitoes according to abo blood group status. | recent epidemiological evidences revealed a higher rate of o blood group in the residents of malaria-endemic areas suggesting that groups a, b, and ab associated with a higher disease severity and fatality. also recent data showed the low prevalence of ab group within the malaria-endemic residents in south of iran and india. the aim of this study was to determine the abo blood groups preference of anopheles stephensi which is the main malaria vector in iran, southwest asia, and india. an. stephe ... | 2014 | 25151045 |
| silver nanoparticles: a possibility for malarial and filarial vector control technology. | green synthesis technology is one of the rapid, reliable and best routes for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps). there are bioactive compounds with enormous potential in azadirachta indica (neem). the extraordinary mosquitoes warrant nanotechnology to integrate with novel molecules. this will be sustainable technology for future. here, we synthesized agnps using aqueous extracts of leaves and bark of az. indica (neem). we tested agnps as larvicides, pupicides and adulticides against t ... | 2014 | 25132567 |
| a user friendly method to assess anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) vector fitness: fecundity. | fecundity, bloodmeal size, and survival are among the most important parameters in the overall fitness of mosquitoes. impact of an intervention that affects fecundity can be assessed by directly counting the eggs laid by exposed mosquitoes, which is usually done manually. we have developed a macroinstruction, which can be used to count thousands of anopheles stephensi liston eggs in a few minutes, to provide an alternative and adaptable method to egg counting as a measure of fecundity. the macro ... | 2014 | 25118416 |
| antimalarial efficacy of dynamic compound of plumbagin chemical constituent from plumbago zeylanica linn (plumbaginaceae) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | in the present investigation, the effective root compound of plumbagin of plumbago zeylanica (plumbaginaceae) was evaluated for chemical constituent and antimalarial effect against the fourth instar larvae of anopheles stephensi liston (diptera). in the chromatographic analyses of root compound with rf value of 0.788 and nmr analyses also revealed that the effective compound contain naphthoquinone plumbagin were identified as the major chemical constituent. larval mortality was observed after 3 ... | 2014 | 25028206 |
| differential expression of glutathione s-transferase enzyme in different life stages of various insecticide-resistant strains of anopheles stephensi: a malaria vector. | interest in insect glutathione s-transferases (gsts) has primarily focused on their role in insecticide resistance. these play an important role in biotransformation and detoxification of many different xenobiotic and endogenous substances including insecticides. the gst activity among 10 laboratory selected insecticide resistant and susceptible/control strains of anopheles stephensi was compared using the substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb). the difference in the gst activities of dif ... | 2014 | 24947216 |
| abo blood groups of residents and the abo host choice of malaria vectors in southern iran. | recent epidemiological evidences revealed the higher prevalence of 'o' blood group in the residents of malaria-endemic areas. also some data indicated preference of mosquitoes to 'o' group. the aim of this study was to determine abo group ratio in the residents as well as abo group preference of anopheles in two malaria endemic areas in south of iran. agglutination method was used for abo typing of residents. field blood fed anopheles specimens were tested against vertebrate dna using mtdna-cytb ... | 2014 | 24280520 |
| population genetic structure of malaria vector anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | malaria is a complex disease that afflicts human today. malaria epidemiology is associated with drug resistance in parasite and differential distribution and insecticide resistance in vector. efforts are being made to eradicate malaria but burden of malaria is still increasing. vector control is essential for malaria prevention strategies. knowledge of population genetic structure is pre-requisite for determining prevention strategies particularly using transgenic mosquitoes. population genetic ... | 2013 | 24195346 |
| visualization and live imaging analysis of a mosquito saliva protein in host animal skin using a transgenic mosquito with a secreted luciferase reporter system. | mosquitoes inject saliva into a vertebrate host during blood feeding. the analysis of mosquito saliva in host skin is important for the elucidation of the inflammatory responses to mosquito bites, the development of antithrombotic drugs, and the transmission-blocking of vector-borne diseases. we produced transgenic anopheles stephensi mosquitoes expressing the secretory luciferase protein (metluc) fused to a saliva protein (aapp) in the salivary glands. the transgene product (aapp-metluc) of tra ... | 2013 | 24118655 |
| mosquito larvicidal and antimicrobial activity of synthesized nano-crystalline silver particles using leaves and green berry extract of solanum nigrum l. (solanaceae: solanales). | silver nanoparticles (agnps) that are synthesized by using aqueous extracts of solanum nigrum l., is a simple, non-toxic and ecofriendly green material. the present study is based on assessments of the larvicidal and antimicrobial activities of the synthesized agnps from fresh leaves, dry leaves and green berries of s. nigrum against larvae of culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles stephensi and four human pathogenic and five fish pathogenic bacteria respectively. the synthesized nanoparticles are ... | 2013 | 24055718 |
| entomopathogenic marine actinomycetes as potential and low-cost biocontrol agents against bloodsucking arthropods. | a novel approach to control strategies for integrated blood-feeding parasite management is in high demand, including the use of biological control agents. the present study aims to determine the efficacy of optimized crude extract of actinomycetes strain lk1 as biological control agent against the fourth-instar larvae of anopheles stephensi and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) and adults of haemaphysalis bispinosa, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae), and hippobosca ... | 2013 | 24013340 |
| chromosomal inversions among insecticide-resistant strains of anopheles stephensi liston, a malaria mosquito. | polytene chromosomes were prepared from the ovarian nurse cells of semi-gravid females of ten insecticide-resistant strains of anopheles stephensi. altogether, 16 heterozygous paracentric inversions, namely b/+ (11d-16c) in alphamethrin; i/+ (14b-18a) and h/+ (27b-28a) in ddt; j/+ (14a-16b) in chlorpyrifos; k/+ (11d-16b) in cyfluthrin; l/+ (11a-16c) in deltamethrin; m/+ (14b-15c) and e/+ (32a-33b) in bifenthrin; n/+ (12d-14b), f/+ (33a-36a) and g/+ (33c-34a) in propoxur; o/+ (11a-12d), h/+ (37a- ... | 2013 | 23982309 |
| bioefficacy of essential oil from polygonum hydropiper l. against mosquitoes, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. | the biological activity of essential oil extracted from the leaves of polygonum hydropiper and a compound, confertifolin, isolated from this plant was bioassayed against larva of mosquitoes, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. the essential oil showed the lc50 values of 189 and 243ppm; 217 and 242ppm, confertifolin (6,6,9a-trimethyl-4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[1,2-c]furan-3(1h)-one) showed the lc50 values of 2.40 and 3.09ppm; 4.07 and 4.18ppm against the second and fourth inst ... | 2013 | 23942240 |
| gut microbes influence fitness and malaria transmission potential of asian malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | the midgut of parasite transmitting vector, anopheles stephensi is a physiologically dynamic ecological niche of resident microbes. the gut resident microbes of anisomorphic and physiologically variable male and female a. stephensi mosquitoes were different (rani et al., 2009). to understand the possible interaction of gut microbes and mosquito host, we examined the contribution of the microbe community on the fitness of the adult mosquitoes and their ability to permit development of the malaria ... | 2013 | 23796588 |
| efficacy of larvicidal and pupicidal activity of catharanthus roseus aqueous and solvent extracts against anopheles stephensi liston and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). | to investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) against malaria and filariasis vectors. | 2013 | 23790333 |
| transcriptome analysis of anopheles stephensi embryo using expressed sequence tags. | germ band retraction (gbr) stage is one of the important stages during insect development. it is associated with an extensive epithelial morphogenesis and may also be pivotal in generation of morphological diversity in insects. despite its importance, only a handful of studies report the transcriptome repertoire of this stage in insects. here, we report generation, annotation and analysis of ests from the embryonic stage (16-22 h post fertilization) of laboratoryreared anopheles stephensi mosqui ... | 2013 | 23660664 |
| artificial activation of mature unfertilized eggs in the malaria vector mosquito, anopheles stephensi (diptera, culicidae). | in the past decade, many transgenic lines of mosquitoes have been generated and analyzed, whereas the maintenance of a large number of transgenic lines requires a great deal of effort and cost. in vitro fertilization by an injection of cryopreserved sperm into eggs has been proven to be effective for the maintenance of strains in mammals. the technique of artificial egg activation is a prerequisite for the establishment of in vitro fertilization by sperm injection. we demonstrated that artificia ... | 2013 | 23619405 |
| larvicidal activities of some iranian native plants against the main malaria vector, anopheles stephensi. | malaria is considered a major health problem in iran. there are different methods for vector control. in this study we tested the larvicidal effects of some iranian plants. the methanolic extracts of 11 plants were prepared with percolation method. the larvicidal activities of them against malaria vector, anopheles stephensi were studied using world health organization standard method. all lc50 values of methanolic extracts of plants that we screened were lower than 300 ppm. the methanolic extra ... | 2013 | 23605596 |
| autosomal inheritance of alphamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, resistance in anopheles stephensi-liston, a malaria mosquito. | anopheles stephensi–liston (culicidae: diptera) is an important urban malarial vector in the indian sub-continent, accounting for about 15% of the total annual malaria incidence. chemical control represents a key strategy in the management of this insect vector. however, owing to erratic and continuous application of insecticides, resistance has become a common phenomenon among them and their control has become an uphill task. the genetics of alphamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid resistance was s ... | 2013 | 23521773 |
| fabrication, characterization and mosquito larvicidal bioassay of silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous fruit extract of putranjiva, drypetes roxburghii (wall.). | highly stable nanoparticles of metallic silver with average dimension of 26.6 nm were synthesized by a simple, cost-effective, reproducible and previously unexploited biogenic source viz. dried green fruits of drypetes roxburghii (wall.) (common name putranjiva). the as-synthesized silver nanoparticles (ag np) were characterized by their characteristic surface plasmon resonance absorption spectra, x-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive x-ray analysis and selected area electron diffraction ... | 2013 | 23338978 |
| upwind responses of anopheles stephensi to carbon dioxide and l-lactic acid: an olfactometer study. | excretion of carbon dioxide and l-lactic acid through exhalation and perspiration provides olfactory signals to mosquitoes which allow them to find and bite humans; however, mosquito species differ in this regard. this study investigated upwind responses of anopheles stephensi, mysorensis form, an important malaria vector in asia, to carbon dioxide and l-lactic acid under laboratory conditions. while a minimal dose of carbon dioxide (90 ppm) activated the mosquitoes, 10 times this amount suppres ... | 2012 | 23301376 |
| vector ecology and susceptibility in a malaria-endemic focus in southern islamic republic of iran. | this study aimed to carry out a malaria situation analysis, species composition and susceptibility levels of the main malaria vector, anopheles stephensi, to different insecticides in bashagard. a longitudinal survey was conducted in 2 randomly selected villages in bashagard. malaria vectors were sampled by dipping method for the larvae and hand catch, night-biting catch, total catch, and shelter pit collection for the adults. standard who susceptibility tests were used for a variety of insectic ... | 2012 | 23301358 |
| evaluation of leaf aqueous extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles using nerium oleander against anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | green nanoparticle synthesis has been achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extract and ecofriendly reducing and capping agents. the present study was carried out to establish the larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) using leaf extract of nerium oleander (apocynaceae) against the first to fourth instar larvae and pupae of malaria vector, anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). nanoparticles are being used in many commercial applications. it was found that a ... | 2013 | 23239092 |
| larvicidal activity of essential oil and methanol extract of nepeta menthoides against malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | to investigate the larvicidal activity of essential oil and methanol extract of the nepeta menthoides (n. menthoides) against main malaria vector, anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2012 | 23199714 |
| adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | mosquito-borne diseases with an economic impact create loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. extracts from plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents because they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are biodegradable into nontoxic products and potentially suitable for use to control mosquitoes. i ... | 2013 | 23192528 |
| resting behaviour of anopheles stephensi type form to assess its amenability to control malaria through indoor residual spray. | in the present study, an attempt was made to find reasons of ineffectiveness of indoor residual spray to interrupt malaria transmission by investigating the behaviour of two variants of anopheles stepnesi, viz. type form and mysorensis in rural areas of rajasthan, india. | 2012 | 23135013 |
| studies on the impact of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) in relation to malaria and filariasis vector control against anopheles stephensi liston and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). | biosynthesized nanoparticles have been achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extract and eco-friendly reducing and capping agents. the present study was based on assessments of the larvicidal activities to determine the efficacies of synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) using aqueous leaf extract of vinca rosea (l.) (apocynaceae) against the larvae of malaria vector anopheles stephensi liston and filariasis vector culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). larvae were exposed ... | 2013 | 23064800 |
| integration of botanicals and microbials for management of crop and human pests. | insect pests inflict damage to humans, farm animals, and crops. human and animal pests put more than 100 million people and 80 million cattle at risk worldwide. plant pests are the main reason for destroying one fifth of the world's total crop production annually. anopheles stephensi is the major vector of human malaria in middle east and south asian regions. spodoptera litura is a polyphagous pest of vegetables and field crops. because of its broad host range, this insect is also known as clust ... | 2013 | 23052771 |
| bioassay evaluation on the efficacy of α-cypermethrin impregnated into long lasting insecticide treated nets using anopheles stephensi. | to evaluate the bioefficacy of α-cypermethrin impregnated into long lasting insecticide treated nets (llitns-interceptor®) against main malaria vector, anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2012 | 23043917 |
| identification of chemical constituents and larvicidal activity of kelussia odoratissima mozaffarian essential oil against two mosquito vectors anopheles stephensi and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | the larvicidal activity of essential oil extracted from an indigenous plant, kelussia odoratissima mozaffarian was evaluated against two mosquito species, anopheles stephensi and culex pipiens. the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from branch tips and leaf of this plant was determined by gc and gc/ms analysis. forty-nine constituents were identified in the oil. the main constituents of the oil were z-ligustilide (77.73%), 2-octen-1-ol acetate (6.27%), e-lig ... | 2012 | 23022522 |
| larvicidal, ovicidal and pupicidal activities of gliricidia sepium (jacq.) (leguminosae) against the malarial vector, anopheles stephensi liston (culicidae: diptera). | to investigate the potentiality of mosquitocidal activity of gliricidia sepium (g. sepium) (jacq.) (leguminosae). | 2012 | 22840446 |
| indication of pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vector, anopheles stephensi from iran. | to investigate insecticide resistance in target species for better insecticide resistance management in malaria control programs. | 2012 | 22805725 |
| mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of polianthes tuberosa plants extract against anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. | mosquito control by phytochemicals is an alternative method to synthetic insecticides, as it is biodegradable and non resistant to vector mosquito. polianthes tuberosa is a perennial plant distributed in many parts of india. the present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the larvicide and biting deterrency activity of bud of polianthes tuberosa against culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles stephensi. crude and solvent extract [ethyl acetate, chloroform: methanol (1:1, v/v), acetone] ... | 2012 | 25151752 |
| biolarvicidal and pupicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using euphorbia hirta against anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | vector control is a critical requirement in epidemic disease situations, as is an urgent need to develop new and improved mosquito control methods that are economical and effective yet safe for nontarget organisms and the environment. mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. insecticides of ... | 2012 | 22562234 |
| changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in indian desert malaria vector anopheles stephensi during aging. | malaria parasite requires a specific time to replicate and disseminate in the mosquito's body before transmission to naïve hosts can occur. vector control has a proven record in the prevention and control of malaria. the evaluation of vector control strategies requires accurate methods of predicting mosquito age. anopheles stephensi is the principal malaria vector of the desert part of india. the objective of this study was to correlate the age of laboratory reared and field collected adults of ... | 2012 | 22542393 |
| the effect of sublethal exposure to temephos and propoxur on reproductive fitness and its influence on circadian rhythms of pupation and adult emergence in anopheles stephensi liston-a malaria vector. | the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides namely, temephos and propoxur respectively, on the life history of anopheles stephensi liston (culicidae) under laboratory conditions. the late third instar larvae of the mosquito were exposed to sublethal concentrations of temephos and propoxur at lc(10), lc(30) and lc(50), respectively, and adult survivors were evaluated for fitness parameters. sublethal effects were also evaluated in subs ... | 2012 | 22392132 |
| wash resistance and efficacy of olyset net and permanet 2.0 against anopheles stephensi in india. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) have been developed for wash resistance and long-lasting effects against mosquito vectors. in this study we evaluated 2 llin products, olyset net and permanet 2.0, washed for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 times, against anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector in india. we assessed the wash resistance and efficacy of these nets in relation to bloodfeeding inhibition and percent mortality in cone and tunnel test bioassays. both olyset and permanet showed >80% mort ... | 2011 | 22329276 |
| larvicidal activity of marine algae, sargassum swartzii and chondria dasyphylla, against malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | the objective of this study was to evaluate larvicidal activity of native marine algae against main malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | 2011 | 22297288 |
| ecology of anopheles stephensi in a malarious area, southeast of iran. | district of jiroft is situated in south-east of iran which is one of the malarious regions. anopheles stephensi is considered as one of the main malaria vector in this region. ecology of this species was studied in the area to understand its vector behavior for implementation of effective vector control measures. different methods like total catch, pit shelter, night bite collection on human and animal, larval dipping methods were used for species identification, seasonal activity, anthropophili ... | 2012 | 22267381 |
| effect of leaf essential oil of coccinia indica on egg hatchability and different larval instars of malarial mosquito anopheles stephensi. | to assess the larvicidal and egg hatching inhibition property of the leaf essential oil of coccinia indica (c. indica) against anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2011 | 22118029 |
| mosquito adulticidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against malarial vector, anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | to determine the adulticidal and repellent activities of different solvent leaf extracts of eclipta alba (e. alba) and andrographis paniculata (a. paniculata) against malarial vector, anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2011 | 22118028 |
| salivary gland transcriptome analysis in response to sugar feeding in malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | in this study, we analyzed a small scale transcriptome of salivary glands in sugar fed female mosquitoes. thirty five percent of the transcripts could not be assigned a function. some of them may code for salivary gland specific products involved in sugar feeding. we identified and characterized two new putative cdnas encoding a sugar transporter and a camp generating dapit (diabetes-associated proteins in insulin sensitive tissues). down regulation of these two cdnas in response to blood feedin ... | 2011 | 21787783 |
| status of carbohydrate, protein and lipid profile in the mosquito larvae treated with certain phytoextracts. | to investigate the impact of the most potent petroleum ether extract of artemisia annua (a. annua) and azadirachta indica (az. indica) on total carbohydrate, lipid and protein level of anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus larvae. | 2011 | 21771474 |
| in vitro larvicidal potential against anopheles stephensi and antioxidative enzyme activities of ginkgo biloba, stevia rebaudiana and parthenium hysterophorous. | to investigate in vitro larvicidal and antioxidant enzymes potential of the medicinal plants ginkgo biloba (g. biloba), stevia rebaudiana (s. rebaudiana) and parthenium hysterophorous (p. hysterophorous) against anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi) 4th instars larvae. | 2011 | 21771447 |
| breeding propensity of anopheles stephensi in chlorinated and rainwater containers in kolkata city, india. | | 2011 | 21406739 |
| effects of andrographis paniculata nees on growth, development and reproduction of malarial vector anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | the use of environment friendly and easily biodegradable natural insecticides of plant origin has received progressively more attention as insecticide alternatives for the control of medically important mosquito vectors. the ethanol and methanol extracts of andrographis paniculata nees were evaluated for its effects on growth, development and reproduction of malarial vector anopheles stephensi liston. after 8 days of treatment, 88.60 and 85.25% of the larvae treated at 35p.p.m. failed to emerge ... | 2010 | 21399593 |
| evaluation of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, anopheles stephensi (liston) (diptera: culicidae). | since ancient times, plant and microbial products were used in various aspects. however, their use against insects decreased when chemical products became developed. recently, concerns increased with respect to public health and environmental security requiring detection of natural products that may be used against insects. in this study, mosquito larvicidal and ovicidal activity of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform, and methanol extracts of the leaf of three plants, eclipta alba, ... | 2011 | 21181188 |
| in vitro isolation and characterization of biolarvicidal compounds from micropropagated plants of spilanthes acmella. | spilanthes acmella (family: asteraceae) commonly known as "toothache plant" is known to possess strong insecticidal and larvicidal properties. experiments have been conducted to isolate and characterise the biolarvicidal compounds from the flower head extract of micropropagated s. acmella plants employing various tools like ft-ir, tlc, cc, nmr. ft-ir spectroscopy of the crude hexane extract sample revealed the presence of amide (secondary metabolite) as functional group in s. acmella flower head ... | 2011 | 20859747 |
| larvicidal efficacy of latex and extract of calotropis procera (gentianales: asclepiadaceae) against culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | | 2010 | 20834091 |
| chemical composition and larvicidal activity of the essential oil of plectranthus amboinicus (lour.) spreng against anopheles stephensi: a malarial vector mosquito. | essential oil of plectranthus amboinicus was studied for its chemical composition and larvicidal potential against the malarial vector mosquito anopheles stephensi. totally 26 compounds were identified by gc and gc-ms. the major chemical compounds were carvacrol (28.65%) followed by thymol (21.66%), α-humulene (9.67%), undecanal (8.29%), γ-terpinene (7.76%), ρ-cymene (6.46%), caryophyllene oxide (5.85%), α-terpineol (3.28%) and β-selinene (2.01%). the larvicidal assay was conducted to record the ... | 2010 | 20668876 |
| designing of a laboratory model for evaluation of the residual effects of deltamethrin (k-othrine wp 5%) on different surfaces against malaria vector, anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | deltamethrin plays an important role in controlling malaria vectors, and is used in indoor residual spraying and manufacture of long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets. the residual activity of deltamethrin (k-othrine wp 5%) @ 25 mg/m(2) was studied in laboratory conditions on different surfaces. | 2009 | 19959851 |
| effect of synergist piperonyl butoxide (pbo) on the toxicity of some essential oils against mosquito larvae. | effect of a known synergist piperonyl butoxide on the toxicity of steam distillate essential oils of jamarosa (cymbopogan nardus), pacholli (pogostemon pacholli), basil (ocimum basilicum), and peppermint (mentha pipreta) plant species against anopheles stephensi larvae were evaluated. the purpose of the present study was to identify the insecticidal potential of these oils against mosquito larvae. the piperonyl butoxide (pbo) was used to enhance the activity of these oils with the aim of develop ... | 2009 | 19886173 |
| effect of synergist piperonyl butoxide (pbo) on the toxicity of some essential oils against mosquito larvae. | effect of a known synergist piperonyl butoxide on the toxicity of steam distillate essential oils of jamarosa (cymbopogan nardus), pacholli (pogostemon pacholli), basil (ocimum basilicum), and peppermint (mentha pipreta) plant species against anopheles stephensi larvae were evaluated. the purpose of the present study was to identify the insecticidal potential of these oils against mosquito larvae. the piperonyl butoxide (pbo) was used to enhance the activity of these oils with the aim of develop ... | 2008 | 19579718 |
| the genetics of green thorax, a new larval colour mutant, non-linked with ruby - eye locus in the malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi. | anopheles stephensi, an important vector of malaria continues to be distributed widely in the indian subcontinent. the natural vigour of the species combined with its new tolerance, indeed resistance to insecticides has made it obligatory that we look for control methods involving genetic manipulation. hence, there is an immediate need for greater understanding of the genetics of this vector species. one of the requirements for such genetic studies is the establishment of naturally occurring mut ... | 2009 | 19502691 |