| frequent gene movement and pseudogene evolution is common to the large and complex genomes of wheat, barley, and their relatives. | all six arms of the group 1 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) were sequenced with roche/454 to 1.3- to 2.2-fold coverage and compared with similar data sets from the homoeologous chromosome 1h of barley (hordeum vulgare). six to ten thousand gene sequences were sampled per chromosome. these were classified into genes that have their closest homologs in the triticeae group 1 syntenic region in brachypodium, rice (oryza sativa), and/or sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and genes that have ... | 2011 | 21622801 |
| collinearity-based marker mining for the fine mapping of pm6, a powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat. | the genome sequences of rice (oryza sativa l.) and brachypodium distachyon and the comprehensive triticeae est (expressed sequence tag) resources provide invaluable information for comparative genomics analysis. the powdery mildew resistance gene, pm6, which was introgressed into common wheat from triticum timopheevii, was previously mapped to the wheat chromosome bin of 2bl [fraction length (fl) 0.50-1.00] with limited dna markers. in this study, we saturated the pm6 locus in wheat using the co ... | 2011 | 21468676 |
| unlocking the barley genome by chromosomal and comparative genomics. | we used a novel approach that incorporated chromosome sorting, next-generation sequencing, array hybridization, and systematic exploitation of conserved synteny with model grasses to assign ~86% of the estimated ~32,000 barley (hordeum vulgare) genes to individual chromosome arms. using a series of bioinformatically constructed genome zippers that integrate gene indices of rice (oryza sativa), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and brachypodium distachyon in a conserved synteny model, we were able to as ... | 2011 | 21467582 |
| sequencing and assembly of low copy and genic regions of isolated triticum aestivum chromosome arm 7ds. | the genome of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is predicted to be greater than 16 gbp in size and consist predominantly of repetitive elements, making the sequencing and assembly of this genome a major challenge. we have reduced genome sequence complexity by isolating chromosome arm 7ds and applied second-generation technology and appropriate algorithmic analysis to sequence and assemble low copy and genic regions of this chromosome arm. the assembly represents approximately 40% of the chromosome ... | 2011 | 21356002 |
| lr34 multi-pathogen resistance abc transporter: molecular analysis of homoeologous and orthologous genes in hexaploid wheat and other grass species. | the triticum aestivum (bread wheat) disease resistance gene lr34 confers durable, race non-specific protection against three fungal pathogens, and has been a highly relevant gene for wheat breeding since the green revolution. lr34, located on chromosome 7d, encodes an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter. both wheat cultivars with and without lr34-based resistance encode a putatively functional protein that differ by only two amino acid polymorphisms. in this study, we focused on the identific ... | 2011 | 21265893 |
| cloning and characterization of purple acid phosphatase phytases from wheat, barley, maize, and rice. | barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) possess significant phytase activity in the mature grains. maize (zea mays) and rice (oryza sativa) possess little or virtually no preformed phytase activity in the mature grain and depend fully on de novo synthesis during germination. here, it is demonstrated that wheat, barley, maize, and rice all possess purple acid phosphatase (pap) genes that, expressed in pichia pastoris, give fully functional phytases (paphys) with very similar enzyme ... | 2011 | 21220762 |
| spatial and seasonal distribution of nitrate-n in groundwater beneath the rice-wheat cropping system of india: a geospatial analysis. | increased use of nitrogenous fertilizers in the intensively cultivated rice (oryza sativa)-wheat (triticum aestivum) cropping system (covers a 13.5-ha m area in south asia) has led to the concentration of nitrates (no(3)-n) in the groundwater (gw) in haryana state of india. six districts from the freshwater zone were selected to identify factors affecting no(3)-n enrichment in gw. water and soil samples were collected from 1,580 locations and analyzed for their chemical properties. about 3% (26, ... | 2011 | 20865320 |
| transcriptional-metabolic networks in beta-carotene-enriched potato tubers: the long and winding road to the golden phenotype. | vitamin a deficiency is a public health problem in a large number of countries. biofortification of major staple crops (wheat [triticum aestivum], rice [oryza sativa], maize [zea mays], and potato [solanum tuberosum]) with β-carotene has the potential to alleviate this nutritional problem. previously, we engineered transgenic "golden" potato tubers overexpressing three bacterial genes for β-carotene synthesis (crtb, crti, and crty, encoding phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and lycopene β- ... | 2010 | 20671108 |
| influence of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class on population growth of stored-product psocids (psocoptera: liposcelidae). | differences in stored-product psocid progeny production as a function of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class were examined using laboratory bioassays. population growth of liposcelis bostrychophila badonnel, liposcelis decolor (pearman), liposcelis paeta pearman, and liposcelis entomophila (enderlein) (psocoptera: liposcelididae) was highest on sorghum sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, followed by wheat, triticum aestivum l., and rice, oryza sativa l., whereas progeny produ ... | 2010 | 20568647 |
| quality determination of nickel-loaded silica prepared from poaceous biomass. | klason lignin or preacid hydrolysate of a poaceous biomass such as rice husk, rice straw ( oryza sativa ), and wheat straw ( triticum aestivum ) became a good source of highly pure silica by simple calcinations in the testing process for application of high-boiling solvent (hbs) pulping of agricultural byproduct. especially, klason lignin or preacid hydrolysis residue of rice husks offered highly purified silica, which was converted to an excellent ni/sio(2) catalyst for methanation of carbon di ... | 2010 | 20423088 |
| wdbtf: an integrated database resource for studying wheat transcription factor families. | transcription factors (tfs) regulate gene expression by interacting with promoters of their target genes and are classified into families based on their dna-binding domains. genes coding for tfs have been identified in the sequences of model plant genomes. the rice (oryza sativa spp. japonica) genome contains 2,384 tf gene models, which represent the mrna transcript of a locus, classed into 63 families. | 2010 | 20298594 |
| adaptive evolution of chloroplast genomes in ancestral grasses. | the grass family, poaceae, is one of the most successful families among angiosperms. although it has long been suggested that the chloroplast genomes of the poaceae have undergone an elevated evolutionary rate compared to other angiosperms, little was known about the details of this phenomenon. by using chloroplast genome data from 31 seed plants species, we recently showed that episodic rate acceleration occurred in the common ancestral branch of the core poaceae (a clade formed by rice oryza s ... | 2009 | 19820316 |
| gene content and virtual gene order of barley chromosome 1h. | chromosome 1h (approximately 622 mb) of barley (hordeum vulgare) was isolated by flow sorting and shotgun sequenced by gsflx pyrosequencing to 1.3-fold coverage. fluorescence in situ hybridization and stringent sequence comparison against genetically mapped barley genes revealed 95% purity of the sorted chromosome 1h fraction. sequence comparison against the reference genomes of rice (oryza sativa) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and against wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley expressed sequence ... | 2009 | 19692534 |
| identification and characterization of shared duplications between rice and wheat provide new insight into grass genome evolution. | the grass family comprises the most important cereal crops and is a good system for studying, with comparative genomics, mechanisms of evolution, speciation, and domestication. here, we identified and characterized the evolution of shared duplications in the rice (oryza sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum) genomes by comparing 42,654 rice gene sequences with 6426 mapped wheat ests using improved sequence alignment criteria and statistical analysis. intraspecific comparisons identified 29 interc ... | 2008 | 18178768 |
| tenest: automated chronological annotation and visualization of nested plant transposable elements. | organisms with a high density of transposable elements (tes) exhibit nesting, with subsequent repeats found inside previously inserted elements. nesting splits the sequence structure of tes and makes annotation of repetitive areas challenging. we present tenest, a repeat identification and display tool made specifically for highly repetitive genomes. tenest identifies repetitive sequences and reconstructs separated sections to provide full-length repeats and, for long-terminal repeat (ltr) retro ... | 2008 | 18032588 |
| structural and functional analyses of the wheat genomes based on expressed sequence tags (ests) related to abiotic stresses. | to gain insights into the structure and function of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genomes, we identified 278 ests related to abiotic stress (cold, heat, drought, salinity, and aluminum) from 7671 ests previously mapped to wheat chromosomes. of the 278 abiotic stress related ests, 259 (811 loci) were assigned to chromosome deletion bins and analyzed for their distribution pattern among the 7 homoeologous chromosome groups. distribution of abiotic stress related est loci were not uniform throug ... | 2006 | 17218960 |
| analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among several species of gramineae using acgm markers. | to study the transferability of rice (oryza sativa l.) genome data, we used amplified consensus genetic markers to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among several species and genera in gramineae. ten accessions representing five grass genera (oryza, zea, setaria, triticum, and phyllostachys) were used. according to the genetic distances, a cluster tree was constructed. the relationships among the five genera could be simply described as ((oryza + (zea +setaria)) +triticum) +phyllostachys. t ... | 2006 | 17185173 |
| a sodium transporter (hkt7) is a candidate for nax1, a gene for salt tolerance in durum wheat. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is more salt sensitive than bread wheat (triticum aestivum). a novel source of na(+) exclusion conferring salt tolerance to durum wheat is present in the durum wheat line 149 derived from triticum monococcum c68-101, and a quantitative trait locus contributing to low na(+) concentration in leaf blades, nax1, mapped to chromosome 2al. in this study, we used the rice (oryza sativa) genome sequence and data from the wheat expressed sequence tag deletion ... | 2006 | 17071645 |
| discovery of cyclotide-like protein sequences in graminaceous crop plants: ancestral precursors of circular proteins? | cyclotides are peptides from plants of the rubiaceae and violaceae families that have the unusual characteristic of a macrocylic backbone. they are further characterized by their incorporation of a cystine knot in which two disulfides, along with the intervening backbone residues, form a ring through which a third disulfide is threaded. the cyclotides have been found in every violaceae species screened to date but are apparently present in only a few rubiaceae species. the selective distribution ... | 2006 | 16935986 |
| characterization of expressed pgip genes in rice and wheat reveals similar extent of sequence variation to dicot pgips and identifies an active pgip lacking an entire lrr repeat. | polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) are leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins involved in plant defence. a number of pgips have been characterized from dicot species, whereas only a few data are available from monocots. database searches and genome-specific cloning strategies allowed the identification of four rice (oryza sativa l.) and two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pgip genes. the rice pgip genes (ospgip1, ospgip2, ospgip3 and ospgip4) are distributed over a 30 kbp region of the short ... | 2006 | 16906405 |
| organ-specific analysis of the anaerobic primary metabolism in rice and wheat seedlings. i: dark ethanol production is dominated by the shoots. | during anaerobiosis in darkness the main route for atp production in plants is through glycolysis in combination with fermentation. we compared the organ-specific anaerobic fermentation of flooding-tolerant rice (oryza sativa) and sensitive wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings. a sensitive laser-based photoacoustic trace gas detection system was used to monitor emission of ethanol and acetaldehyde by roots and shoots of intact seedlings. dark-incubated rice seedlings released 3 times more acetald ... | 2006 | 16845530 |
| physiological and genetic analyses of aluminium tolerance in rice, focusing on root growth during germination. | aluminium (al) ion limits root growth of plants in acidic soils, and rice exhibits the highest level of al-tolerance among graminous crops. to elucidate al-tolerance mechanisms in rice, response to al was compared between rice (oryza sativa l., cv. nipponbare) and wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. et8), focusing on seminal root growth at seedling stage and germination stage. at seedling stage, rice and wheat were similarly sensitive to al in both dose- and time-dependent manner during a 24-h al e ... | 2005 | 16095709 |
| large intraspecific haplotype variability at the rph7 locus results from rapid and recent divergence in the barley genome. | to study genome evolution and diversity in barley (hordeum vulgare), we have sequenced and compared more than 300 kb of sequence spanning the rph7 leaf rust disease resistance gene in two barley cultivars. colinearity was restricted to five genic and two intergenic regions representing <35% of the two sequences. in each interval separating the seven conserved regions, the number and type of repetitive elements were completely different between the two homologous sequences, and a single gene was ... | 2005 | 15659632 |
| a genetic and structural analysis of the n-glycosylation capabilities. | the recent draft sequencing of the rice (oryza sativa) genome has enabled a genetic analysis of the glycosylation capabilities of an agroeconomically important group of plants, the monocotyledons. in this study, we have not only identified genes putatively encoding enzymes involved in n-glycosylation, but have examined by maldi-tof ms the structures of the n-glycans of rice and other monocotyledons (maize, wheat and dates; zea mays, triticum aestivum and phoenix dactylifera); these data show tha ... | 2004 | 15604706 |
| development and mapping of est-derived simple sequence repeat markers for hexaploid wheat. | expressed sequence tags (ests) are a valuable source of molecular markers. to enhance the resolution of an existing linkage map and to identify putative functional polymorphic gene loci in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.), over 260,000 ests from 5 different grass species were analyzed and 5418 ssr-containing sequences were identified. using sequence similarity analysis, 156 cross-species superclusters and 138 singletons were used to develop primer pairs, which were then tested on the genom ... | 2004 | 15499395 |
| quantitative analyses of relationships between ecotoxicological effects and combined pollution. | the responses of wheat triticum aestivum, rice oryza sativa, earthworms eisenia foetida, and prawns penaeus japonicus to combined acetochlor-cu, cd-zn were studied in hydroponic and soil-culturing systems using the methods of ecotoxicology. in particular, systematically quantitative analyses were documented by field experiments. results showed that ecotoxicological effects under the combined pollution were not only related to chemical properties of pollutants but also dependent on the concentrat ... | 2004 | 15493474 |
| evolution and function of the sucrose-phosphate synthase gene families in wheat and other grasses. | suc-phosphate synthase (sps) is a key regulatory enzyme in the pathway of suc biosynthesis and has been linked to quantitative trait loci controlling plant growth and yield. in dicotyledonous plants there are three sps gene families: a, b, and c. here we report the finding of five families of sps genes in wheat (triticum aestivum) and other monocotyledonous plants from the family poaceae (grasses). three of these form separate subfamilies within the previously described a, b, and c gene families ... | 2004 | 15247374 |
| est derived ssr markers for comparative mapping in wheat and rice. | structural and functional relationships between the genomes of hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) (2n=6x=42) and rice (oryza sativa l.) (2n=2x=24) were evaluated using linkage maps supplemented with simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci obtained from publicly available expressed sequence tags (ests). est-ssr markers were developed using two main strategies to design primers for each gene: (1) primer design for multiple species based on supercluster analysis, and (2) species-specific primer desi ... | 2004 | 15197579 |
| development of pcr-based codominant markers flanking the alt3 gene in rye. | aluminum (al) toxicity is considered to be a major problem for crop growth and production on acid soils. the ability of crops to overcome al toxicity varies among crop species and cultivars. rye (secale cereale l.) is the most al-tolerant species among the triticeae. our previous study showed that al tolerance in a rye f6 recombinant inbred line (ril) population was controlled by a single gene designated as the aluminum tolerance (alt3) gene on chromosome 4rl. based on the dna sequence of a rice ... | 2004 | 15060575 |
| a new resource for cereal genomics: 22k barley genechip comes of age. | in recent years, access to complete genomic sequences, coupled with rapidly accumulating data related to rna and protein expression patterns, has made it possible to determine comprehensively how genes contribute to complex phenotypes. however, for major crop plants, publicly available, standard platforms for parallel expression analysis have been limited. we report the conception and design of the new publicly available, 22k barley1 genechip probe array, a model for plants without a fully seque ... | 2004 | 15020760 |
| comparative dna sequence analysis of mapped wheat ests reveals the complexity of genome relationships between rice and wheat. | the use of dna sequence-based comparative genomics for evolutionary studies and for transferring information from model species to related large-genome species has revolutionized molecular genetics and breeding strategies for improving those crops. comparative sequence analysis methods can be used to cross-reference genes between species maps, enhance the resolution of comparative maps, study patterns of gene evolution, identify conserved regions of the genomes, and facilitate interspecies gene ... | 2004 | 14740255 |
| sensitivity of wheat and rice to low levels of atmospheric ethylene. | ethylene (c2h4) gas is produced throughout the life cycle of plants and can accumulate in closed growth chambers to levels 100 times higher than in outside environments. elevated atmospheric c2h4 can cause a variety of abnormal responses, but the sensitivity to elevated c2h4 is not well characterized. we evaluated the c2h4 sensitivity of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) in five studies. the first three studies compared the effects of continuous c2h4 levels ranging from 0 t ... | 2016 | 14552359 |
| enhanced pesticide sorption by soils containing particulate matter from crop residue burns. | lack of proper techniques to isolate black carbon (bc) from soils has hindered the understanding of their roles in the sorption and environmental fate of organic contaminants in soils and sediments. the burning of crop residues may be the primary source of bc in agricultural soils. in this study, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) residues were burned, and the resulting particulate matter (ashes) along with a soil were used to sorb diuron from water. calculations indicated t ... | 2003 | 12953876 |
| functional conservation of wheat and rice mlo orthologs in defense modulation to the powdery mildew fungus. | homologs of barley mlo are found in syntenic positions in all three genomes of hexaploid bread wheat, triticum aestivum, and in rice, oryza sativa. candidate wheat orthologs, designated tamlo-a1, tamlo-b1, and tamlo-d1, encode three distinct but highly related proteins that are 88% identical to barley mlo and appear to originate from the three diploid ancestral genomes of wheat. tamlo-b1 and the rice ortholog, osmlo2, are able to complement powdery mildew-resistant barley mlo mutants at the sing ... | 2002 | 12437305 |
| proteomic characterization of wheat amyloplasts using identification of proteins by tandem mass spectrometry. | we describe the initial characterization of the wheat amyloplast proteome, consisting of the identification and classification of 171 proteins. whole amyloplasts and purified amyloplast membranes were prepared from wheat (triticum aestivum). protein extracts were examined by one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis, followed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of separated proteins. tandem mass spectrometry data of individual peptides was then searched b ... | 2002 | 12362334 |
| gene-containing regions of wheat and the other grass genomes. | deletion line-based high-density physical maps revealed that the wheat (triticum aestivum) genome is partitioned into gene-rich and -poor compartments. available deletion lines have bracketed the gene-containing regions to about 10% of the genome. emerging sequence data suggest that these may further be partitioned into "mini" gene-rich and gene-poor regions. an average of about 10% of each gene-rich region seem to contain genes. sequence analyses in various species suggest that uneven distribut ... | 2002 | 11891237 |
| anoxic stress leads to hydrogen peroxide formation in plant cells. | hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) was detected cytochemically in plant tissues during anoxia and re-oxygenation by transmission electron microscopy using its reaction with cerium chloride to produce electron dense precipitates of cerium perhydroxides. anoxia-tolerant yellow flag iris (iris pseudacorus) and rice (oryza sativa), and anoxia-intolerant wheat (triticum aestivum) and garden iris (iris germanica) were used in the experiments. in all plants tested, anoxia and re-oxygenation increased h2o2 in pla ... | 2001 | 11432936 |
| toward integration of comparative genetic, physical, diversity, and cytomolecular maps for grasses and grains, using the sorghum genome as a foundation. | the small genome of sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. moench.) provides an important template for study of closely related large-genome crops such as maize (zea mays) and sugarcane (saccharum spp.), and is a logical complement to distantly related rice (oryza sativa) as a "grass genome model." using a high-density rflp map as a framework, a robust physical map of sorghum is being assembled by integrating hybridization and fingerprint data with comparative data from related taxa such as rice and using ... | 2001 | 11244113 |
| mutator transposase is widespread in the grasses. | although the mutator (mu) system is well characterized in maize (zea mays), very little is known about this highly mutagenic system of transposons in other grasses. mutator is regulated by the mudr class of elements, which encodes two genes, one of which, mudra, has similarity to a number of bacterial transposases. experiments in our laboratory, as well as database searches, demonstrate that mudra sequences are ubiquitous and diverse in the grasses. in several species it is clear that multiple p ... | 2001 | 11244110 |
| identification of 4-o-5'-coupled diferulic acid from insoluble cereal fiber. | the extracts of saponified cereal fibers of whole grains of corn (zea mays cv. microsperma koern.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), spelt (triticum spelta l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.) were investigated for dehydrodimers of ferulic acid using gas-liquid chromatography (glc) with mass spectrometric detection (glc-ms) and flame ionization detection (glc-fid). in addition to the 8,5'-, 8, 8'-, 5,5'-, and 8-o-4'-coupled diferulic acids previously identified from other plant materials the 4-o-5'-coup ... | 2000 | 10956086 |
| pre-germination genotypic screening using pcr amplification of half-seeds. | a simple and rapid pcr-based method has been developed for determining the genotype of seeds before germination. single half-seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) were preincubated, without grinding, in an aqueous extraction buffer. the resulting supernatants were then used in polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with oligonucleotide primers corresponding to rice single-copy sequences or a wheat microsatellite repeat. pcr products of identical size were amplified ... | 1993 | 24193778 |
| distinctive responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase in wheat leaves to nitrogen nutrition and their possible relationships to co(2)-transfer resistance. | the amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), total chlorophyll (chl), and total leaf nitrogen were measured in fully expanded, young leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), and pea (pisum sativum l.). in addition, the activities of whole-chain electron transport and carbonic anhydrase were measured. all plants were grown hydroponically at different nitrogen concentrations. although ... | 1992 | 16653191 |
| effect of anoxia on starch breakdown in rice and wheat seeds. | the capabilities of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seeds (caryopses) to degrade starchy reserves present in the endosperm tissue were compared under anaerobic conditions. the results showed that rice, a species highly tolerant to anoxia, can readily break down starch under anaerobiosis concomitant with germination, while wheat does not germinate and fails to degrade starch present in the endosperm. this clearly distinct behavior is likely the consequence of the successfu ... | 1992 | 24178396 |
| multiplicity of histone h3 variants in wheat, barley, rice, and maize. | histone h3 proteins were purified to near homogeneity from etiolated seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), and alfalfa (medicago sativa) to determine the number of histone h3 variants. five distinct histone h3 variants were identified by gradient gel electrophoresis and reversed phase chromatography. these variants occur in various combinations of two to four forms in each plant species. one minor histone variant form (variant ii ... | 1991 | 16668207 |
| response to anoxia in rice and wheat seedlings: changes in the ph of intracellular compartments, glucose-6-phosphate level, and metabolic rate. | (31)p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure intracellular ph in living tissues. oxygen deprivation caused fast cytoplasmic acidification from ph 7.4 to 7.0 in shoots of rice, oryza sativa l. var arborio, a species highly resistant to anoxia. acidification was complete after 10 minutes of anoxia. alkalinization of both cytosplasm and vacuole followed thereafter. in the anoxia intolerant wheat shoots, triticum aestivum l. var mek, the same treatment caused a sharper cytoplasm ... | 1991 | 16668051 |
| differences between wheat and rice in the enzymic properties of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the relationship to photosynthetic gas exchange. | the kinetic parameters of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase/oxygenase (ec 4.1.1.39) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) were determined by rapidly assaying the leaf extracts. the respective k m and v max values for carboxylase and oxygenase activities were significantly higher for wheat than for rice. in particular, the differences in the v max values between the two species were greater. when the net activity of co2 exchange was calculated at the physiological ... | 1988 | 24221414 |
| heat inactivation of starch synthase in wheat endosperm tissue. | the effect of temperature on accumulation of starch was studied in grain slices of wheat (triticum aestivum cv sun9e), taken 15 days after anthesis. as compared with pretreatment of such slices at 25 degrees c, pretreatment at 30 or 35 degrees c reduced the subsequent conversion of sucrose to starch. in contrast to rice (oryza sativa cv calrose), pretreatment of wheat soluble starch synthase in vitro at 30 degrees c or higher temperatures reduced its activity. in zymograms using nondenaturing po ... | 1986 | 16664836 |
| quantitative genetically nonequivalent reciprocal crosses in cultivated plants. | quantitative expressions of character difference between reciprocal crosses have been studied by different researchers in a number of plant species, such as epilobium, zea mays, oryza sativa, hordeum sativum, triticum aestivum, trifolium hybridum, linum usitatissimum, nicotiana rustica, and others. in all cases it was found that the nonequivalence of reciprocal crosses manifested itself beginning with the f1 generation, with the exception of some flax crosses in which reciprocals differed beginn ... | 2015 | 1032105 |
| [inhibitory action of ethanol on germination of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum vulgare) seeds]. | | 1968 | 5761008 |
| between china and south asia: a middle asian corridor of crop dispersal and agricultural innovation in the bronze age. | the period from the late third millennium bc to the start of the first millennium ad witnesses the first steps towards food globalization in which a significant number of important crops and animals, independently domesticated within china, india, africa and west asia, traversed central asia greatly increasing eurasian agricultural diversity. this paper utilizes an archaeobotanical database (ascad), to explore evidence for these crop translocations along southern and northern routes of interacti ... | 2016 | 27942165 |
| impact of conventional and integrated management systems on the water-soluble vitamin content in potatoes, field beans, and cereals. | the reduction of the environmental footprint of crop production without compromising crop yield and their nutritional value is a key goal for improving the sustainability of agriculture. in 2009, the balruddery farm platform was established at the james hutton institute as a long-term experimental platform for cross-disciplinary research of crops using two agricultural ecosystems. crops representative of uk agriculture were grown under conventional and integrated management systems and analyzed ... | 2018 | 29257861 |
| significance and value of non-traded ecosystem services on farmland. | background. ecosystem services (es) generated within agricultural landscapes, including field boundaries, are vital for the sustainable supply of food and fibre. however, the value of es in agriculture has not been quantified experimentally and then extrapolated globally. methods. we quantified the economic value of two key but contrasting es (biological control of pests and nitrogen mineralisation) provided by non-traded non-crop species in ten organic and ten conventional arable fields in new ... | 2015 | 25737811 |
| stabilising metal(loid)s in soil with iron and aluminium-based products: microbial, biochemical and plant growth impact. | four iron and aluminium-based products, including red mud (rm), hematite (fe2o3), an iron-rich water treatment residual (fe-wtr) and amorphous al hydroxide (al-oh), were evaluated for their effectiveness at stabilising as and heavy metals (i.e. cd, cu, pb, zn) in a circumneutral contaminated soil [as (2105 mg kg(-1)), cd (18 mg kg(-1)), cu (264 mg kg(-1)), pb (710 mg kg(-1)), zn (522 mg kg(-1))]. treatment impacts on soil microbial and biochemical features (i.e. microbial biomass-c, microbial co ... | 2014 | 24685456 |
| uptake and translocation of ti from nanoparticles in crops and wetland plants. | bioavailability of engineered metal nanoparticles affects uptake in plants, impacts on ecosystems, and phytoremediation. we studied uptake and translocation of ti in plants when the main source of this metal was tio2 nanoparticles. two crops (phaseolus vulgaris (bean) and triticum aestivum (wheat)), a wetland species (rumex crispus, curly dock), and the floating aquatic plant (elodea canadensis, canadian waterweed), were grown in nutrient solutions with tio2 nanoparticles (0, 6, 18 mmol ti l(-1) ... | 2013 | 23487992 |
| assessment of the use potential of edible sea urchins (paracentrotus lividus) processing waste within the agricultural system: influence on soil chemical and biological properties and bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and wheat (triticum vulgare) growth in an amended acidic soil. | in this study we evaluated the influence of ground purple sea urchin (paracentrotus lividus) endoskeletons, a processing waste common to all edible sea urchin plants, on the chemical, biochemical and microbiological features of an acidic (ph 5.65) sandy-loam soil. the purple sea urchin endoskeletons were characterized by a high content of total carbonates (∼94%), a moderately alkaline ph in water (ph 7.88) and electrical conductivity values (3.55 ms/cm) very similar to those of commercial lime. ... | 2012 | 22659645 |
| suppressive potential of bean (phaseolus vulgaris) flour against five species of stored-product mites (acari: acarididae). | previous research has demonstrated that legume proteins have insecticidal activity against stored-product pests, but activity against stored-product mites has not been tested. a study was therefore conducted to explore the potential of bean, phaseolus vulgaris l., flour as novel botanical acaricide against five species of storage and dust mites: acarus siro l., aleuroglyphus ovatus (troupeau), caloglyphus redickorzevi (zachvatkin), lepidoglyphus destructor (schrank), and tyrophagus putrescentiae ... | 2007 | 17461087 |
| toxic effects and oxidative stress in higher plants exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their n-heterocyclic derivatives. | n-heterocyclic derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (npahs) are widespread concomitantly with their parent analogues and have been detected in air, water, sediments, and soil. although they were shown to be highly toxic to some organisms, our understanding of their occurrence, environmental fate, biological metabolism, and effects is limited. this study evaluated toxic effects of three homocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs-phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorene) and their seven n-heteroc ... | 2006 | 17220094 |
| phenological weighting of ozone exposures in the calculation of critical levels for wheat, bean and plantain. | this paper presents phenological weighting factors to be applied to aot40 (accumulated ozone exposure above a threshold of 40 nl l(-1)) ozone exposure-response relationships for crops at different growth stages. the quantification of such factors represents a step-forward in the derivation of level ii critical levels for ozone. the weighting factors presented are derived from published literature on the sensitivity of wheat (triticum aestivum), bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and plantain (plantago ma ... | 2000 | 15092885 |
| conversion of d-hamamelose into 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol and 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1-phosphate in leaves of phaseolus vulgaris l. | [1-14c]hamamelose (2-hydroxymethyl-d-ribose) was synthesized by reaction of ribulose 5-phosphate with potassium [14c]cyanide, catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting cyanohydrin, and dephosphorylation of the product. its identity was established by a chromatographic comparison with hamamelose isolated from the bark of witch hazel (hamamelis virginiana l.). following vacuum infiltration of the [1-14c]hamamelose into leaf discs from phaseolus vulgaris l., 14c-labeled 2carboxy-d-arabinitol (ca) an ... | 1996 | 8900161 |
| heterogenous stomatal closure in response to leaf water deficits is not a universal phenomenon. | the extent and occurrence of water stress-induced "patchy" co(2) uptake across the surface of leaves was evaluated in a number of plant species. leaves, while still attached to a plant, were illuminated and exposed to air containing [(14)c]co(2) before autoradiographs were developed. plant water deficits that caused leaf water potential depression to -1.1 megapascals during a 4-day period did result in heterogenous co(2) assimilation patterns in bean (phaseolus vulgaris). however, when the same ... | 1992 | 16668692 |
| increased phosphorus uptake by wheat and field beans inoculated with a phosphorus-solubilizing penicillium bilaji strain and with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. | greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to test the effect of a p-solubilizing isolate of penicillium bilaji on the availability of idaho rock phosphate (rp) in a calcareous soil. under controlled greenhouse conditions, inoculation of soils with p. bilaji along with rp at 45 mug of p per g of soil resulted in plant dry matter production and p uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum) and beans (phaseolus vulgaris) that were not significantly different from the increases in dry matter productio ... | 1987 | 16347487 |
| effect of oxygen on the contribution of respiration to the co(2) compensation point in wheat and bean leaves. | the co(2) compensation point at 21% o(2) (gamma(21)) and at 2% o(2) (gamma(2)), and the rate of dark co(2) efflux at 21% o(2) (r(n)) were measured in adult wheat (triticum aestivum l, cv gabo) leaves at the end of the night and after a period of photosynthesis of 5 h at 800 mubar co(2). the values of gamma(21) and r(n) significantly increased after the light period, due to the stimulation of respiration by carbohydrates. in contrast, gamma(2) did not increase after the same period of photosynthe ... | 1986 | 16664825 |
| effect of vacuum infiltration on photosynthetic gas exchange in leaf tissue. | using a manometric method, photosynthetic oxygen evolution and (14)co(2) fixation have been determined for leaf tissue of triticum aestivum l., hordeum vulgare l., phaseolus vulgaris l., and lemna minor l. approximately similar values in the range 0.2 to 0.4 millimoles grams fresh weight(-1) hour(-1) were obtained for both gases. in tissue subjected to vacuum infiltration, o(2) evolution and (14)co(2) fixation were barely measurable. it is considered that the elimination of photosynthetic gas ex ... | 1975 | 16659238 |
| [effects of various steroids of corticotropin (acth) on the processes of germination & growth of seeds of triticum vulgare & phaseolus vulgaris]. | | 2005 | 13591741 |
| soil total carbon and nitrogen and crop yields after eight years of tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice. | information on the long-term effect of management practices on soil c and n stocks is lacking. an experiment was conducted from 2004 to 2011 in the northern great plains, usa to examine the effects of tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice on annualized crop residue (stems + leaves) returned to the soil and grain yield, and soil total c (stc) and total n (stn) stocks at the 0-120 cm depth. tillage practices were no-tillage (nt) and conventional tillage (ct) and crop rotations were continu ... | 2017 | 29322104 |
| does specific parameterization of wham improve the prediction of copper competitive binding and toxicity on plant roots? | we aimed at assessing whether the binding and rhizotoxicity of metal cations such as copper that exhibit high affinity for plant roots could be adequately predicted using the windermere humic aqueous model (wham) default parameterization. accordingly, we first compared the ability of the default parameterization of wham and a specific parameterization for terrestrial higher plants (wham-thp) to model the competitive binding of copper on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and tomato (solanum lycopersic ... | 2017 | 27998818 |
| contributions of long-term tillage systems on crop production and soil properties in the semi-arid loess plateau of china. | this study determined the long-term effect of tillage systems on soil properties and crop yields in a semi-arid environment. field pea (pisum sativum l.) and spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were alternately grown in six tillage systems at dingxi (35° 28' n, 104° 44' e), north-west china starting in 2001. | 2016 | 26300314 |
| soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and crop yields affected by residue placement and crop types. | soil labile c and n fractions can change rapidly in response to management practices compared to non-labile fractions. high variability in soil properties in the field, however, results in nonresponse to management practices on these parameters. we evaluated the effects of residue placement (surface application [or simulated no-tillage] and incorporation into the soil [or simulated conventional tillage]) and crop types (spring wheat [triticum aestivum l.], pea [pisum sativum l.], and fallow) on ... | 2014 | 25119381 |
| assessing the effects of architectural variations on light partitioning within virtual wheat-pea mixtures. | predicting light partitioning in crop mixtures is a critical step in improving the productivity of such complex systems, and light interception has been shown to be closely linked to plant architecture. the aim of the present work was to analyse the relationships between plant architecture and light partitioning within wheat-pea (triticum aestivum-pisum sativum) mixtures. an existing model for wheat was utilized and a new model for pea morphogenesis was developed. both models were then used to a ... | 2014 | 24907314 |
| comparison of the morphogenesis of three genotypes of pea (pisum sativum) grown in pure stands and wheat-based intercrops. | cereal-legume intercrops represent a promising way of combining high productivity and agriculture sustainability. the benefits of cereal-legume mixtures are highly affected by species morphology and functioning, which determine the balance between competition and complementarity for resource acquisition. studying species morphogenesis, which controls plant architecture, is therefore of major interest. the morphogenesis of cultivated species has been mainly described in mono-specific growing cond ... | 2014 | 24790127 |
| the effect of manuring on cereal and pulse amino acid δ(15)n values. | amino acid δ(15)n values of barley (hordeum vulgare) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum) grains and rachis and broad bean (vicia faba) and pea (pisum sativum) seeds, grown in manured and unmanured soil at the experimental farm stations of rothamsted, uk and bad lauchstädt, germany, were determined by gc-c-irms. manuring was found to result in a consistent (15)n-enrichment of cereal grain amino acid δ(15)n values, indicating that manuring did not affect the metabolic routing of nitrogen (n) into ... | 2014 | 24631496 |
| cereal grain, rachis and pulse seed amino acid δ15n values as indicators of plant nitrogen metabolism. | natural abundance δ(15)n values of plant tissue amino acids (aas) reflect the cycling of n into and within plants, providing an opportunity to better understand environmental and anthropogenic effects on plant metabolism. in this study, the aa δ(15)n values of barley (hordeum vulgare) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum) grains and rachis and broad bean (vicia faba) and pea (pisum sativum) seeds, grown at the experimental farm stations of rothamsted, uk and bad lauchstädt, germany, were determine ... | 2014 | 23790569 |
| nitrous oxide emissions from a northern great plains soil as influenced by nitrogen management and cropping systems. | field measurements of n2o emissions from soils are limited for cropping systems in the semiarid northern great plains (ngp). the objectives were to develop n2o emission-time profiles for cropping systems in the semiarid ngp, define important periods of loss, determine the impact of best management practices on n2o losses, and estimate direct n fertilizer-induced emissions (fie). no-till (nt) wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-fallow, wheat-wheat, and wheat-pea (pisum sativum), and conventional till (c ... | 2017 | 18389938 |
| effects of tillage on the activity density and biological diversity of carabid beetles in spring and winter crops. | the effects of tillage regimen (conventional [ct] and no-tillage [nt]) on the activity density and diversity of carabid beetles (coleoptera: carabidae) was studied by pitfall trapping within a rain-fed cropping system in northwestern idaho, 2000-2002. the cropping rotation consisted of a spring cereal (barley, hordeum vulgare l., in 2000 and 2001; and wheat, triticum aestivum l., in 2002), spring dry pea (pisum sativum l.) 2000-2002, and wheat (t. aestivum), spring in 2000 and 2001, and winter i ... | 2007 | 17445370 |
| plants at high altitude exhibit higher component of alternative respiration. | total respiration, capacities of cytochrome (cytr) and alternative respiration (ar) were studied in two varieties of barley (horedum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) each and one variety of pea (pisum sativum) at low (palampur; 1300 m) and high altitudes (kibber; 4200 m). similar studies were carried out in naturally growing rumex nepalensis and trifoilum repenses at palampur, palchan (2250 m) and marhi (3250 m). all the plants species exhibited lower cytr but significantly higher ar capac ... | 2007 | 16338027 |
| fluorescence lifetimes of protochlorophyllide in plants with different proportions of short-wavelength and long-wavelength protochlorophyllide spectral forms. | dark-grown leaves of maize (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum), wild-type pea (pisum sativum) and its light-independent photomorphogenesis mutant (lip1) have different proportions of protochlorophyllide (pchlide) forms as revealed by low-temperature fluorescence emission spectra. four discrete spectral forms of pchlide, with emission peaks around 633, 640, 656 and 670 nm, could be distinguished after gaussian deconvolution. in maize and wheat the 656 nm component was the most prominent, wherea ... | 2003 | 12945590 |
| cell cycle synchronization in plant root meristems. | the analysis of structure and metabolism of a cell at a defined phase of cell cycle is often difficult because cell cycle progression in somatic tissues is asynchronous and only a fraction of cells are cycling. an elegant solution to obtain populations of cells enriched for single stage of the cell cycle is to impose the synchrony artificially. different systems have been used to obtain synchronized populations of plant cells, including suspension-cultured cells, leaf mesophyll protoplasts and r ... | 1999 | 10728642 |
| detection of ca2+-dependent transglutaminase activity in root and leaf tissue of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants | protein extracted from root and leaf tissue of the dicotyledonous plants pea (pisum sativum) and broad bean (vicia faba) and the monocotyledonous plants wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) were shown to catalyze the incorporation of biotin-labeled cadaverine into microtiter-plate-bound n', n'-dimethylcasein and the cross-linking of biotin-labeled casein to microtiter-plate-bound casein in a ca2+-dependent manner. the cross-linking of biotinylated casein and the incorporation o ... | 1998 | 9662554 |
| an in vivo analysis of photosynthesis during short-term o3 exposure in three contrasting species. | the depressions of photosynthetic co2 uptake following o3 exposures of 200 and 400 nmol mol(-1) for between 4 and 16 h were compared between pisum sativum, quercus robur and triticum aestivum, and the potential causes of change identified in vivo. photosynthetic change was examined by analysis of co2, o2, o3 and water vapour exchanges together with chlorophyll fluorescence in controlled environments. under identical fumigation conditions, each species showed very similar rates of o3 consumption. ... | 1995 | 24306634 |
| distribution of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activities between chloroplasts and mitochondria from leaves of different species. | protoplasts from barley (hordeum vulgare), pea (pisum sativum), wheat (triticum aestivum), and spinach (spinacia oleracea) leaves were fractionated into chloroplast- and mitochondrion-enriched fractions. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex capacities in mitochondria (mtpdc) and chloroplasts (cppdc) were measured in appropriate fractions under conditions optimal for each isozyme. the total cellular capacity of pdc was similar in barley and pea but about 50% lower in wheat and spinach. in pea a distrib ... | 1994 | 12232437 |
| lack of types 1 and 2a protein serine(p)/threonine(p) phosphatase activities in chloroplasts. | protein phosphatase activity in crude leaf extracts and in purified intact chloroplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum) and pea (pisum sativum) was analyzed using exogenously supplied phosphoproteins or endogenous thylakoid proteins. leaf extracts contain readily detectable amounts of protein phosphatase activity measured with either phosphohistone or phosphorylase a, substrates of mammalian protein phosphatases. no significant chloroplast protein phosphatase activity was detected using these exoge ... | 1992 | 16653037 |
| changes to the stoichiometry of glycine decarboxylase subunits during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and pea (pisum sativum l.) leaf development. | changes in the levels of the four subunits of the mitochondrial enzyme glycine decarboxylase (ec 2.1.2.10) have been investigated during development in the 8 day old primary leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). proteins were extracted from wheat leaf sections between the basal meristem and 8.5 centimeters. the individual glycine decarboxylase subunits were detected by western blotting, using subunit-specific polyclonal antibodies, and quantified by laser densitometry. p, t, and h subunits showe ... | 1991 | 16668280 |
| effects of nitrogen nutrition on nitrogen partitioning between chloroplasts and mitochondria in pea and wheat. | nitrogen partitioning among proteins in chloroplasts and mitochondria was examined in pea (pisum sativum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown hydroponically with different nitrogen concentrations. in pea leaves, chloroplast nitrogen accounted for 75 to 80% of total leaf nitrogen. we routinely found that 8% of total ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase adhered to thylakoids during preparation and could be removed with triton x-100. with this precaution, the ratio of stroma nitrog ... | 1991 | 16668193 |
| subcellular localization of the sites of conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid into ethylene in plant cells. | the subcellular localization of the sites of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) conversion into ethylene was studied by comparing the specific radioactivity of ethylene evolved from the whole cells with that of intra- and extracellular pools of labelled acc. we demonstrate that some cells cultured in vitro (vitis vinifera l. cv. muscat) or leaf tissues (hordeum vulgare l. and triticum aestivum l.) have two sites of ethylene production: (i) an external site, converting apoplastic acc, lo ... | 1990 | 24201941 |
| spatial and temporal influences on the cell-specific distribution of glycine decarboxylase in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and pea (pisum sativum l.). | the distribution of glycine decarboxylase (gdc) in leaves of pea (pisum sativum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been investigated using immunogold labeling of the p-protein subunit of the gdc complex. mitochondria in photosynthetic mesophyll cells were densely labeled, whereas those in nonphotosynthetic vascular parenchyma and epidermal cells were only weakly labeled. in pea leaves the density of immunogold labeling on mitochondria in the chloroplast-containing bundle sheath and stomata ... | 1989 | 16667135 |
| exoamylase activity in vacuoles isolated from pea and wheat leaf protoplasts. | vacuoles isolated from pea (pisum sativum), and wheat (triticum aestivum) leaf protoplasts contained considerable activities of electrophoretically highly mobile exoamylases. vacuoles from spinach (spinacia oleracea) leaf and photoautotrophic chenopodium rubrum suspension culture cell protoplasts were devoid of amylolytic activity. endoamylase activity was in all cases associated primarily with the chloroplast. | 1986 | 16665144 |
| biosynthesis of p700-chlorophyll a protein complex, plastocyanin, and cytochrome b(6)/f complex. | changes in the amount of p700-chlorophyll a protein complex, plastocyanin, and cytochrome b(6)/f complex during greening of pea (pisum sativum l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaves were analyzed by an immunochemical quantification method. neither subunit i nor ii of p700-chlorophyll a protein complex could be detected in the etiolated seedlings of all three plants and the accumulation of these subunits was shown to be light dependent. on the other hand, a smal ... | 1986 | 16664808 |
| distinction between cytosol and chloroplast fructose-bisphosphate aldolases from pea, wheat, and corn leaves. | a reinvestigation of cytosol and chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (fbp) aldolases from pea (pisum sativum l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and corn leaves (zea mays l.) revealed that the two isoenzymes can be separated by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (deae)-cellulose although the separation was often less clear-cut than for the two aldolases from spinach leaves. definite distinction was achieved by immunoprecipitation of the two isoenzymes with antisera raised against the respective ... | 1986 | 16664617 |
| effect of photosynthesis and carbohydrate status on respiratory rates and the involvement of the alternative pathway in leaf respiration. | in spinach (spinacia oleracea hybrid 102 [new world seeds]) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv gabo) leaves, o(2) uptake rates in the dark were faster after the plants had been allowed to photosynthesize for a period of several hours. alternative path activity also increased following a period of photosynthesis in these leaves. no such effects were observed with isolated mitochondria. in spinach and wheat leaves, the level of fructose plus glucose decreased during a period of darkness. in pea (p ... | 1983 | 16663051 |
| effect of basf 13-338, a substituted pyridazinone, on lipid metabolism in leaf tissue of spinach, pea, linseed, and wheat. | a substituted pyridazinone (basf 13-338) inhibited photosynthesis in spinach (spinacia oleracea, hybrid 102 arthur yates ltd.) leaf discs and reduced the incorporation of [1-(14)c]acetate into trienoic acids of diacylgalactosylglycerol while causing radioactivity to accumulate in diacylgalac-tosylglycerol dienoic acids. although basf 13-338 inhibited photosynthesis in isolated spinach chloroplasts, it did not prevent dienoate desaturation. in discs, the labeling of fatty acids was affected by th ... | 1982 | 16662484 |
| the timing of growth promotion and conversion to indole-3-acetic acid for auxin precursors. | using a high resolution continuous recording technique, the length of the latent period preceding the growth response to two suspected precursors of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) indole-3-acetonitrile (ian), and indole-3-ethanol was studied in corn (zea mays l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and peas (pisum sativum l.). the timing of the conversion in vivo of these presumed precursors to iaa was also examined. in wheat the rate of conversion of ian to iaa is rapid, and the latent period in the gro ... | 1970 | 5423464 |
| under what circumstances can process-based simulation models link genotype to phenotype for complex traits? case-study of fruit and grain quality traits. | detailed information has arisen from research at gene and cell levels, but it is still incomplete in the context of a quantitative understanding of whole plant physiology. because of their integrative nature, process-based simulation models can help to bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype and assist in deconvoluting genotype-by-environment (gxe) interactions for complex traits. indeed, gxe interactions are emergent properties of simulation models, i.e. unexpected properties generated by ... | 2010 | 20038518 |
| valorizing guava (psidium guajava l.) seeds through germination-induced carbohydrate changes. | guava seeds are produced as a waste product by the guava processing industry. their high carbohydrate contents may suit the carbohydrate needs of the feed sector but their high dietary fiber content limits their feed value. the feed values of fruit seeds can be improved through germination, which involves the mobilization of nutrients through seed enzymes and alters the seed carbohydrate composition. the changes of selected carbohydrates in guava (psidium guajava l.) seeds brought by germination ... | 2017 | 28720961 |
| xyloglucan octasaccharide xxlgol derived from the seeds of hymenaea courbaril acts as a signaling molecule | treatment of the xyloglucan isolated from the seeds of hymenaea courbaril with humicola insolens endo-1,4-beta-d-glucanase i produced xyloglucan oligosaccharides, which were then isolated and characterized. the two most abundant compounds were the heptasaccharide (xxxg) and the octasaccharide (xxlg), which were examined by reference to the biological activity of other structurally related xyloglucan compounds. the reduced oligomer (xxlgol) was shown to promote growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) ... | 1998 | 9501133 |
| enhanced gus gene expression in cereal/grass cell suspensions and immature embryos using the maize uhiquitin-based plasmid pahc25. | transient gus (β-glucuronidase) expression was visualized in cell suspensions of triticum aestivum, zea mays, pennisetum glaucum, saccharum officinarum, pennisetum purpureum and panicum maximum after microprojectile bombardment with pbargus and pahc25 plasmid dnas. pbargus contains the gus (uida) gene coding region driven by the adh1 promoter and the adh1 intron 1, as well as the bar gene coding region driven by the camv 35s promoter and the adh1 intron 1. pahc25 contains the gus and bar gene co ... | 1993 | 24196107 |
| a survey for isoenzymes of glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in c3-, c 4-and crassulacean-acid-metabolism plants, and green algae. | two isoenzymes each of glucosephosphate isomerase (ec 5.3.1.9), phosphoglucomutase (ec 2.7.5.1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.43) were separated by (nh4)2so4 gradient solubilization and deae-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography from green leaves of the c3-plants spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.), of the crassulacean-acid-metabolism plants crassula lycopodioides lam., b ... | 1979 | 24317570 |
| a multipurpose toolkit to enable advanced genome engineering in plants. | we report a comprehensive toolkit that enables targeted, specific modification of monocot and dicot genomes using a variety of genome engineering approaches. our reagents, based on transcription activator-like effector nucleases (talens) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)/cas9 system, are systematized for fast, modular cloning and accommodate diverse regulatory sequences to drive reagent expression. vectors are optimized to create either single or multiple ... | 2017 | 28522548 |
| involvement of nitrogen functional groups in high-affinity copper binding in tomato and wheat root apoplasts: spectroscopic and thermodynamic evidence. | carboxylic groups located in plant cell walls (cw) are generally considered to be the main copper binding sites in plant roots, despite the presence of other functional groups. the aim of this study was to investigate sites responsible for copper binding in root apoplasts, i.e. cw and outer surface of the plasma membrane (pm) continuum. binding sites in root apoplasts were investigated by comparing isolated cw of a monocotyledon (triticum aestivum l.) and dicotyledon (solanum lycopersicum l.) cr ... | 2016 | 26824877 |
| rootrak: automated recovery of three-dimensional plant root architecture in soil from x-ray microcomputed tomography images using visual tracking. | x-ray microcomputed tomography (μct) is an invaluable tool for visualizing plant root systems within their natural soil environment noninvasively. however, variations in the x-ray attenuation values of root material and the overlap in attenuation values between roots and soil caused by water and organic materials represent major challenges to data recovery. we report the development of automatic root segmentation methods and software that view μct data as a sequence of images through which root ... | 2012 | 22190339 |
| uptake, localization, and speciation of cobalt in triticum aestivum l. (wheat) and lycopersicon esculentum m. (tomato). | the root-to-shoot transfer, localization, and chemical speciation of co were investigated in a monocotyledon (triticum aestivum l., wheat) and a dicotyledon (lycopersicon esculentum m., tomato) plant species grown in nutrient solution at low (5 mum) and high (20 mum) co(ii) concentrations. cobalt was measured in the roots and shoots by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements were used to identify the chemical structure of co within the plants and ... | 2010 | 20345097 |