| report: seroprevalence of corynebacterium diphtheriae among vaccinated population of rawalpindi/islamabad, pakistan. | diphtheria is a communicable disease of global significance, and its outbreaks have to be reported to the world community under the international health regulations (ihr). a pilot seroepidemiological survey was conducted to assess immunity status of diphtheria among healthy individuals of rawalpindi/islamabad (pakistan), who had been administered at least one dose of the vaccine against the disease, as part of childhood vaccination. the study group comprised of 128 healthy subjects, grouped acco ... | 2013 | 23625444 |
| analysis of novel iron-regulated, surface-anchored hemin-binding proteins in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | corynebacterium diphtheriae utilizes hemin and hemoglobin (hb) as iron sources during growth in iron-depleted environments, and recent studies have shown that the surface-exposed htaa protein binds both hemin and hb and also contributes to the utilization of hemin iron. conserved (cr) domains within htaa and in the associated hemin-binding protein, htab, are required for the ability to bind hemin and hb. in this study, we identified and characterized two novel genetic loci in c. diphtheriae that ... | 2013 | 23585541 |
| evaluation and characterisation of a and b fragments of corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin towards recombinant diphtheria vaccine. | diphtheria is a highly communicable disease caused by toxin-producing strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 2013 | 23508421 |
| submics of penicillin and erythromycin enhance biofilm formation and hydrophobicity of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. | subinhibitory concentrations (submics) of antibiotics may alter bacterial surface properties and change microbial physiology. this study aimed to investigate the effect of a submic (⅛ mic) of penicillin (pen) and erythromycin (ery) on bacterial morphology, haemagglutinating activity, cell-surface hydrophobicity (csh) and biofilm formation on glass and polystyrene surfaces, as well as the distribution of cell-surface acidic anionic residues of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (hc01 tox( ... | 2013 | 23449875 |
| diphtheria: forgotten, but not gone. | diphtheria is an acute, highly infectious, vaccine-preventable and previously endemic disease whose etiologic agent is corynebacterium diphtheriae. diphtheria may manifest as an upper respiratory tract infection, a cutaneous infection or as an asymptomatic carrier state. the most common sites of infection are the pharynx and the tonsils, with common clinical manifestations that include sore throat, malaise, cervical lymphadenopathy and low-grade fever. absorption and dissemination of c. diphther ... | 2013 | 23402486 |
| diphtheria - 'the strangling angel' of children. | diphtheria, an acute infectious condition caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae, was once a major killer of children. although the mortality rates dropped dramatically in the mid-twentieth century, due to a combination of improved standards of living and immunization programs, outbreaks are still occurring. two children, aged four and five years respectively, are reported to demonstrate characteristic features of lethal cases. death in case 1 was due to an extensive upper airway pseudomembrane c ... | 2013 | 23357389 |
| microbiological changes and diversity in autochthonous non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in france. | autochtonous toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae have disappeared in mainland france, but non-toxigenic c. diphtheriae are still circulating. using phenotypic and molecular tools, we retrospectively characterized 103 non-toxigenic c. diphtheriae collected in mainland france and highlight several changes. the proportion of c. diphtheriae belfanti increased between 1977 and 2011 and it is the most frequent biotype recovered in recent years. resistance to ciprofloxacin has increased and most isol ... | 2013 | 23320433 |
| novel cholix toxin variants, adp-ribosylating toxins in vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 strains, and their pathogenicity. | cholix toxin (chxa) is a recently discovered exotoxin in vibrio cholerae which has been characterized as a third member of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2-specific adp-ribosyltransferase toxins, in addition to exotoxin a of pseudomonas aeruginosa and diphtheria toxin of corynebacterium diphtheriae. these toxins consist of three characteristic domains for receptor binding, translocation, and catalysis. however, there is little information about the prevalence of chxa and its genetic variations ... | 2013 | 23230295 |
| [macrophage apoptosis as a mechanism of pathogenic effect of diphtheria infectious agent]. | study of the apoptogenic effect of corynebacterium diphtheriae toxigenic strains on mice peritoneal macrophages in vitro. | 2012 | 23163039 |
| induction of the nfκ-b signal transduction pathway in response to corynebacterium diphtheriae infection. | corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria, has been thoroughly studied with respect to toxin production and pili formation, while knowledge on host responses to c. diphtheriae infection is limited. in this study, we studied adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells by different c. diphtheriae isolates. when nfκ-b reporter cell lines were used to monitor the effect of c. diphtheriae infection on human cells, strain-specific differences were observed. while adhesion to host ... | 2013 | 23125120 |
| draft genome sequence of corynebacterium diphtheriae biovar intermedius nctc 5011. | we report an annotated draft genome of the human pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae bv. intermedius nctc 5011. this strain is the first c. diphtheriae bv. intermedius strain to be sequenced, and our results provide a useful comparison to the other primary disease-causing biovars, c. diphtheriae bv. gravis and c. diphtheriae bv. mitis. the sequence has been deposited at ddbj/embl/genbank with the accession number ajvh01000000. | 2012 | 22887653 |
| [occurence of pili genes in corynebacterium diphtheriae strains]. | adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to host cells is a crucial step during infection. the presence of specific adhesion factors on the bacterial cell surface determines the tropism of the pathogen to the tissues expressing certain surface receptors. the adhesion is mediated primarily by filamentous structures called pili. three distinct pilus structures can be produced by corynebacterium diphtheriae: spaa-, spad- and spah-type pili. pilus genes encode a total of nine pilus proteins, named spaa throu ... | 2012 | 22808726 |
| the draft genome sequence of corynebacterium diphtheriae bv. mitis nctc 3529 reveals significant diversity between the primary disease-causing biovars. | we report the draft genome of the human pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae bv. mitis nctc 3529. this is the first c. diphtheriae bv. mitis strain to be sequenced and reveals significant differences from the other primary biovar, c. diphtheriae bv. gravis. | 2012 | 22628502 |
| contour and persistence length of corynebacterium diphtheriae pili by atomic force microscopy. | many bacteria are characterized by nanoscale ultrastructures, for example s-layers, flagella, fimbriae, or pili. the last two are especially important for attachment to different abiotic and biotic surfaces and for host-pathogen interactions. in this study, we investigated the geometric and elastic properties of pili of different corynebacterium diphtheriae strains by atomic force microscopy (afm). we performed quantitative contour-length analysis of bacterial pili and found that the visible con ... | 2012 | 22588485 |
| diphtheria in europe: current problems and new challenges. | diphtheria, caused by toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae, is an ancient disease with high incidence and mortality that has always been characterized by epidemic waves of occurrence. whilst towards the beginning of the 1980s, many european countries were progressing towards the elimination of diphtheria, an epidemic re-emergence of diphtheria in the russian federation and the newly independent states of the former soviet union demonstrated a continuous threat of the disease into the ... | 2012 | 22568715 |
| usefulness of 16s rdna sequencing for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae. | we report a rare case of infective endocarditis caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae in an 8-year-old boy, 2 years after a right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with a bovine contegra valved conduit. the patient recovered well after an rv-pa conduit enblock explantation and replacement with an aortic homograft with antibiotic treatment. all bacteriological cultures of excised tissue and blood were negative. the aetiological agent was identified as c. diphtheriae subsp. gravis by 16s rd ... | 2012 | 22538997 |
| fatal laryngeal diphtheria in a uk child. | over the last century, the infectious causes of acute upper airway obstruction have changed dramatically. toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae has become rare in the uk due to national immunisation programmes. since 1986, eight sporadic cases of c diphtheriae were reported, all of whom had recently returned from endemic areas. we describe a case of fatal laryngeal diphtheria in an unimmunised child. although appropriate antimicrobial cover was provided, antitoxin was not administered due to a l ... | 2012 | 22535233 |
| purification and structural characterization of siderophore (corynebactin) from corynebacterium diphtheriae. | during infection, corynebacterium diphtheriae must compete with host iron-sequestering mechanisms for iron. c. diphtheriae can acquire iron by a siderophore-dependent iron-uptake pathway, by uptake and degradation of heme, or both. previous studies showed that production of siderophore (corynebactin) by c. diphtheriae is repressed under high-iron growth conditions by the iron-activated diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) and that partially purified corynebactin fails to react in chemical assays fo ... | 2012 | 22514641 |
| identification and molecular discrimination of toxigenic and nontoxigenic diphtheria corynebacterium strains by combined real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. | with the recognition of several diphtheria outbreaks and the emergence of nontoxigenic corynebacteria strains, there has been renewed interest in the development of laboratory diagnostic methods. previously reported polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays can have low diagnostic sensitivity or give species misidentifications among clinical isolates. the aim of the present study was the development of combined real-time pcr assays, based on the tox and rpob genes, for the detection and differentia ... | 2012 | 22494559 |
| bloodstream infection caused by nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae in an immunocompromised host in the united states. | corynebacterium species are well-known causes of catheter-related bloodstream infections. toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae cause respiratory diphtheria. we report a bloodstream infection caused by a nontoxigenic strain of c. diphtheriae and discuss the epidemiology, possible sources of the infection, and the implications of rapid species identification of corynebacteria. | 2012 | 22493337 |
| pyopericardium followed by constrictive pericarditis due to corynebacterium diphtheriae. | pyopericardium is a rare entity associated with a high mortality. we report a case of a 44-year old man presenting with simultaneous constrictive pericarditis and pyopericardium due to corynebacterium diphtheriae. pericardiectomy and epicardiectomy were performed without cardiopulmonary bypass, with an excellent result. | 2012 | 22402499 |
| cases of cutaneous diphtheria in new zealand: implications for surveillance and management. | diphtheria is an acute bacterial illness caused by toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae (c. diphtheriae). we describe two epidemiologically-linked cases of skin infections from which toxigenic c. diphtheriae was isolated, and discuss implications for diphtheria surveillance and management in new zealand. | 2012 | 22382258 |
| [etiologic detection and epidemiological analysis of one suspected case of diphtheria in guangdong province]. | to clarify the diagnosis of one suspected case of diphtheria in guangdong province by epidemiological analysis and etiologic detection. | 2011 | 22321591 |
| a case of diphtheria in sweden, october 2011. | in october 2011, a child who had arrived in sweden from somalia presented with atypical tonsillitis, was treated with penicillin and the symptoms resolved. a throat swab was positive for toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. the child's family were then vaccinated with diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine and screened for c. diphtheriae. no secondary cases were found. a high level of adherence to childhood vaccination programmes is an effective way to protect populations against diphtheria ... | 2011 | 22221495 |
| emergence of coryneforms in osteomyelitis and orthopaedic surgical site infections. | coryneform species other than corynebacterium diphtheriae are coming up as important pathogens with the potential to cause serious and life-threatening infections not only in immunocompromised but in immunocompetent individuals as well. the exact infectious potential of these bacteria and their rational antimicrobial treatment is a challenging but essential task. | 2011 | 23393527 |
| upper respiratory tract and cutaneous diphtheria. | with the global immunization programme of children there is a progressive decline in the number of diphtheria cases. it is a disease commonly affecting the children caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae usually affecting the mucous membrane of the nose, pharynx or larynx. cutaneous diphtheria is a rare entity. we present a rare case of cutaneous diphtheria in a 15-year-old boy with nasal pharyngeal and laryngeal involvement. the patient developed anaphylactic reaction to antidiphtheritic serum ( ... | 2005 | 23120183 |
| immunity to diphtheria in a sample of the canadian adult population. | to assess immunity to diphtheria in a sample of canadian adults. | 1998 | 22346556 |
| cutaneous corynebacterium diphtheriae: a traveller's disease? | a canadian soldier incurred a nonhealing traumatic skin ulcer while on duty in somalia. the diagnosis of localized cutaneous diphtheria was confirmed by isolation of a toxigenic strain of corynebacterium diphtheriae from the ulcer. the patient was placed in isolation and treated with erythromycin and penicillin for 10 days without antitoxin. he was released when two consecutive daily cultures were negative. public health officials evaluated his wife, two children and close contacts for carriage, ... | 1995 | 22514388 |
| [effect of antibiotics on toxin formation by corynebacterium diphtheriae]. | | 2016 | 24544855 |
| an antibiotic which inhibits corynebacterium diphtheriae produced by the s form of streptomyces thermophilus. | | 1951 | 24541110 |
| [miracle bacteria as a bacterial antagonist in diphtheria transmission]. | | 1951 | 24541726 |
| prevalence of fusobacterium necrophorum and other upper respiratory tract pathogens isolated from throat swabs. | fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic, gram-negative rod, has been identified recently as a significant cause of persistent sore throat syndrome (psts). this disease is characterised by chronic, recurrent or persistent sore throat, which is believed to respond poorly to penicillin in vivo. the aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of f. necrophorum in all throat swabs received in our diagnostic microbiology department and to compare the results with those for other recognised respirat ... | 2005 | 28705126 |
| simultaneous detection of 13 key bacterial respiratory pathogens by combination of multiplex pcr and capillary electrophoresis. | lower respiratory tract infections continue to pose a significant threat to human health. it is important to accurately and rapidly detect respiratory bacteria. to compensate for the limits of current respiratory bacteria detection methods, we developed a combination of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and capillary electrophoresis (mpce) assay to detect thirteen bacterial pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influ ... | 2017 | 28807095 |
| characterization of corynebacterium diphtheriae, c. confusum and c. amycolatum isolated from sows with genitourinary infection. | porcine corynebacterium infection is still poorly studied, even though the pig has been described as an asymptomatic carrier of corynebacterium species, including the zoonotic species c. ulcerans, c. confusum and c. amycolatum. here we present the identification, molecular and antimicrobial susceptibility characterization of coryneform bacteria isolated from sows with urinary tract infection. c. diphtheriae, c. confusum and c. amycolatum were isolated from sows with urinary infection and metriti ... | 2017 | 28757016 |
| molecular characterization of corynebacterium diphtheriae outbreak isolates, south africa, march-june 2015. | in 2015, a cluster of respiratory diphtheria cases was reported from kwazulu-natal province in south africa. by using whole-genome analysis, we characterized 21 corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates collected from 20 patients and contacts during the outbreak (1 patient was infected with 2 variants of c. diphtheriae). in addition, we included 1 cutaneous isolate, 2 endocarditis isolates, and 2 archived clinical isolates (ca. 1980) for comparison. two novel lineages were identified, namely, toxigen ... | 2017 | 28726616 |
| epidemiology of diphtheria in india, 1996-2016: implications for prevention and control. | diphtheria is an acute disease caused by exotoxin-producing corynebacterium diphtheriae. globally, diphtheria has been showing a declining trend due to effective childhood vaccination programs. a substantial proportion of global burden of diphtheria is contributed by india. hospital-based surveillance studies as well as diphtheria outbreaks published in last 20 years (1996-2016) indicate that diphtheria cases are frequent among school-going children and adolescents. in some indian states, muslim ... | 2017 | 28722581 |
| comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis of a toxigenic clinical isolate of corynebacterium diphtheriae strain b-d-16-78 from malaysia. | in this study, we report the comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of corynebacterium diphtheriae strain b-d-16-78 that was isolated from a clinical specimen in 2016. the complete genome of c. diphtheriae strain b-d-16-78 was sequenced using pacbio single molecule, real-time sequencing technology and consists of a 2,474,151-bp circular chromosome with an average gc content of 53.56%. the core genome of c. diphtheriae was also deduced from a total of 74 strains with complete or draft gen ... | 2017 | 28711373 |
| the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh of corynebacterium diphtheriae is redox-controlled by protein s-mycothiolation under oxidative stress. | mycothiol (msh) is the major low molecular weight (lmw) thiol in actinomycetes and functions in post-translational thiol-modification by protein s-mycothiolation as emerging thiol-protection and redox-regulatory mechanism. here, we have used shotgun-proteomics to identify 26 s-mycothiolated proteins in the pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae dsm43989 under hypochlorite stress that are involved in energy metabolism, amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis, antioxidant functions and translation. t ... | 2017 | 28694441 |
| analysis of corynebacterium diphtheriae macrophage interaction: dispensability of corynomycolic acids for inhibition of phagolysosome maturation and identification of a new gene involved in synthesis of the corynomycolic acid layer. | corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria, a toxin mediated disease of upper respiratory tract, which can be fatal. as a member of the cmnr group, c. diphtheriae is closely related to members of the genera mycobacterium, nocardia and rhodococcus. almost all members of these genera comprise an outer membrane layer of mycolic acids, which is assumed to influence host-pathogen interactions. in this study, three different c. diphtheriae strains were investigated in respect to ... | 2017 | 28686600 |
| resurgence of diphtheria in rural areas of north karnataka, india. | a diphtheria outbreak was identified from vijayapura (formerly bijapur) district in the south indian state of karnataka in 2011. there was a surge in the number of throat swab samples received under the integrated disease surveillance programme (idsp) in north karnataka since then. | 2017 | 28681814 |
| diphtheria in mayotte, 2007-2015. | epidemiology of diphtheria in the southwestern indian ocean is poorly documented. we analyzed 14 cases of infection with toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae reported during 2007-2015 in mayotte, a french department located in this region. local control of diphtheria is needed to minimize the risk for importation of the bacterium into disease-free areas. | 2017 | 28628446 |
| cutaneous corynebacterium infection presenting with disseminated skin nodules and ulceration. | in the context of the european migrant crisis, more and more cases of cutaneous diphtheria are seen. a typical presentation includes painful cutaneous ulcerations with grayish-whitish pseudomembranes. here we present 2 male eritrean patients suffering from cutaneous nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae (patient 1) and corynebacterium striatum (patient 2) infection. | 2017 | 28611629 |
| conformational control of udp-galactopyranose mutase inhibition. | udp-galactopyranose mutase (glf or ugm) catalyzes the formation of uridine 5'-diphosphate-α-d-galactofuranose (udp-galf) from udp-galactopyranose (udp-galp). the enzyme is required for the production of galf-containing glycans. ugm is absent in mammals, but members of the corynebacterineae suborder require ugm for cell envelope biosynthesis. the need for ugm in some pathogens has prompted the search for inhibitors that could serve as antibiotic leads. optimizing inhibitor potency, however, has b ... | 2017 | 28608671 |
| functional characterization of the collagen-binding protein dip2093 and its influence on host-pathogen interaction and arthritogenic potential of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as the a etiological agent of diphtheria, a toxaemic infection of the respiratory tract; however, both non-toxigenic and toxigenic strains are increasingly isolated from cases of invasive infections. the molecular mechanisms responsible for bacterial colonization and dissemination to host tissues remain only partially understood. in this report, we investigated the role of dip2093, described as a putative adhesin of the serine-aspartate repeat ... | 2017 | 28535857 |
| toll-like receptor 2 and mincle cooperatively sense corynebacterial cell wall glycolipids. | nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium ulcerans cause invasive disease in humans and animals. host sensing of corynebacteria is largely uncharacterized, albeit the recognition of lipoglycans by toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) appears to be important for macrophage activation by corynebacteria. the members of the order corynebacterineae (e.g., mycobacteria, nocardia, and rhodococci) share a glycolipid-rich cell wall dominated by mycolic acids (termed corynomycolic acids in coryn ... | 2017 | 28483856 |
| diagnosis in france of a non-toxigenic tox gene-bearing strain of corynebacterium diphtheriae in a young male back from senegal. | cutaneous diphtheria is uncommon in europe. in this study, we report a case of imported cutaneous infection due to a non-toxigenic but tox gene-bearing (nttb) strain of corynebacterium diphtheriae. the nttb strains are recognized as emerging pathogens across europe, and physicians and bacteriologists should be aware of the circulation of these strains. | 2017 | 28480263 |
| an isolated outbreak of diphtheria in south africa, 2015. | an outbreak of respiratory diphtheria occurred in two health districts in the province of kwazulu-natal in south africa in 2015. a multidisciplinary outbreak response team was involved in the investigation and management of the outbreak. fifteen cases of diphtheria were identified, with ages ranging from 4 to 41 years. of the 12 cases that were under the age of 18 years, 9 (75%) were not fully immunized for diphtheria. the case fatality was 27%. ninety-three household contacts, 981 school or wor ... | 2017 | 28478776 |
| high-yield production of recombinant crm197, a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin, in the periplasm of escherichia coli. | a high cell density fed-batch process was developed for production of recombinant crm197, a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin widely used as a carrier in polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. fully soluble recombinant crm197 was obtained in high yields and with an authentic n-terminus, by targeting the protein to the periplasm of escherichia coli using the signal recognition particle (srp)-dependent signal sequence of flgi. response surface methodology (rsm) was used to optimize the set- ... | 2017 | 28397983 |
| infections with corynebacterium diphtheriae: six years' experience at an inner london teaching hospital. | recently, a preponderance of non-toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae has been reported, as has the broadening spectrum of disease caused by these strains. this study presents data on 85 isolates of c. diphtheriae over a six year period (1998-2003). eighty were non-toxigenic isolates from patients with sore throat, and five (one toxigenic) were from cutaneous ulcers in travellers returning from endemic areas. when examined in relation to denominator data provided by the health protec ... | 2005 | 28696916 |