| protein--protein interactions in the eubacterial replisome. | replication of genomic dna is a universal process that proceeds in distinct stages, from initiation to elongation and finally to termination. each stage involves multiple stable or transient interactions between protein subunits with functions that are more or less conserved in all organisms. in escherichia coli, initiation of bidirectional replication at the origin (oric) occurs through the concerted actions of the dnaa replication initiator protein, the hexameric dnab helicase, the dnac?helica ... | 2005 | 16036556 |
| solid lipid nanoparticles bearing flurbiprofen for transdermal delivery. | topical application of the drugs at the pathological sites offer potential advantages of delivering the drug directly to the site of action and thus producing high tissue concentrations of the drug. the solid lipid nanoparticles (sln) bearing flurbiprofen were prepared by microemulsion method by dispersing o/w microemulsion in a cold aqueous surfactant medium under mechanical stirring. the sln gel was prepared by adding sln dispersion to polyacrylamide gel prepared by using polyacrylamide (0.5%) ... | 2005 | 16036715 |
| thoracotomy is associated with significantly more profound suppression in lymphocytes and natural killer cells than video-assisted thoracic surgery following major lung resections for cancer. | major surgery is immunosuppressive, and this could have an impact on postoperative tumor immunosurveillance and, therefore, long-term survival in cancer patients. video-assisted thoracic surgery (vats) lung resection is a new alternative surgical approach to thoracotomy for patients with early lung cancer. this is a pilot study to examine the postoperative changes in leukocytes, lymphocyte subsets, b cells, t cells, and natural killer (nk) cells in non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) patients und ... | 2005 | 16036776 |
| thoracoscopic sympathectomy for axillary hyperhidrosis: the influence of t4. | recent data suggest that severe compensatory sweating after sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis is more common than previously reported. in particular, t2-t4 sympathectomy for axillary hyperhidrosis leads to significantly more disabling sweating compared with t2-t3 sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. however, it is not known whether this is a result of the additional transection of the t4 segment or if patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis are more prone to experience disabling compensato ... | 2005 | 16039185 |
| analysis of thyroid hormone receptor betaa mrna expression in xenopus laevis tadpoles as a means to detect agonism and antagonism of thyroid hormone action. | amphibian metamorphosis represents a unique biological model to study thyroid hormone (th) action in vivo. in this study, we examined the utility of thyroid hormone receptors alpha (tralpha) and betaa (trbetaa) mrna expression patterns in xenopus laevis tadpoles as molecular markers indicating modulation of th action. during spontaneous metamorphosis, only moderate changes were evident for tralpha gene expression whereas a marked up-regulation of trbetaa mrna occurred in hind limbs (prometamorph ... | 2006 | 16040072 |
| comparison of muscarinic receptor- and beta-adrenoceptor-mediated vasorelaxation between euthyroid and acute hyperthyroid rats. | hyperthyroidism was induced by subcutaneous injections of l-thyroxine (t4) (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 3 days in order to investigate the effects of acute hyperthyroidism on the vasorelaxing responses to isoprenaline and acetylcholine in isolated rat aortae. in the aortae, there was no significant difference in isoprenaline-induced relaxation between hyperthyroid and control rats, however acetylcholine-induced relaxation was significantly greater in hyperthyroid rats than in control rats. n(g)-nitro-l-a ... | 2005 | 16040281 |
| effective methimazole dose for childhood graves' disease and use of free triiodothyronine combined with concurrent thyroid-stimulating hormone level to identify mild hyperthyroidism and delayed pituitary recovery. | appropriate methimazole dosing for initial treatment of childhood graves' disease is uncertain. a retrospective chart review was performed on 5 to 17 year-old children treated for graves' disease. patients were divided into two groups depending on initial methimazole dosing: low-dose and high-dose regimens using <0.5 mg/kg/day and >0.5 mg/kg/day, respectively. the low-dose regimen was effective in 5/12 (42%) of patients and the high-dose regimen was effective in 27/33 (82%) of patients (p = 0.01 ... | 2005 | 16042328 |
| [a case of metachronous carcinoma of the colon diagnosed and radical operated with restorative anastomosis after more than 5 years from the first left hemicolectomy]. | the authors described their observation about the female patient with an advanced carcinoma (t4) of the descendent colon where left hemicolectomy was done in the beginning of 1998. the patient is operated again after more than 5 years because of the cancer in the site of the anastomosis. radical reresection with restorative anasomosis is performed and for this reason the colon is putting via mesenteric radix. the case is analyzed and there are suggestion about is this a local recurrence or "de n ... | 2004 | 16044880 |
| pathological response following long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. | to standardize the pathological analysis of total mesorectal excision specimens of rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced disease (t3/t4), including tumour regression. | 2005 | 16045774 |
| visualization of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) particles labeled with fluorescent probes. | infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) particles were labeled with sybr green i or a monoclonal antibody and fitc-conjugated secondary antibody and examined in a fluorescence microscope. labeled viral particles were visualized in a narrow range of pixels. comparing ipnv particles with fluorescent phage t4 virions, the former, as expected, were seen smaller in size. the method allows the rapid and accurate counting of viral particles both on filters and bound to the cell surface. in addition ... | 2005 | 16046003 |
| changes in plasma concentrations of osteoprotegerin before and after levothyroxine replacement therapy in hypothyroid patients. | recent study has shown that overt hypothyroidism (oht) is associated with increased plasma osteoprotegerin (opg) levels. | 2005 | 16046585 |
| decrease in serum thyroxine level by phenobarbital in rats is not necessarily dependent on increase in hepatic udp-glucuronosyltransferase. | we have previously reported that there is a poor correlation between increase in the levels of udp-glucuronosyltransferases, ugt1a1 and ugt1a6, and decrease in the levels of serum total thyroxine (t4) and free t4 in phenobarbital (pb)-treated rats, although the pb-induced decrease in rats is generally thought to occur through induction of the udp-glucuronosyltransferase (t4-udp-gt: ugt1a1 and ugt1a6). in the present study, to clarify a relationship between the decrease in serum t4 level and the ... | 2005 | 16049124 |
| effects of lysine deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors i and ii, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens. | adequate (1.10%) and deficient (0.88, 0.66, and 0.53%) levels of lys were fed to broiler chicks from 9 to 23 d of age. groups fed the control diet (1.10% lys) were also pair-fed daily with each deficient group. compared with the free-fed control, graded decreases in feed intake occurred as the deficiency worsened, and these were significantly different with 0.66 and 0.53% lys. growth decreased significantly with each deficient level of lys compared with the free-fed control and was always signif ... | 2005 | 16050121 |
| effects of methimazole on thyroid gland uptake of 99mtc-pertechnetate in 19 hyperthyroid cats. | nineteen cats with abnormally high serum t4 concentrations underwent thyroid scintigraphy using technetium-99m pertechnetate (99mtco4) before and after 36 +/- 6 days of methimazole administration (approximately 2.5mg po q 12 h). thyroid-to-salivary gland ratios (t:s ratios) and percentage thyroidal uptake of injected radioactivity at 20 and 60min after injection of 99mtco4 were compared before and after methimazole treatment. serum thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) concentration was measured bef ... | 2005 | 16050288 |
| adjusted leptin level (all) is a predictor for hyperemesis gravidarum. | to compare the maternal serum leptin level according to the gestational week and to assess the relationship between the adjusted serum leptin level and thyroid hormones. in order to obtain this objective a new parameter is developed: adjusted leptin level (all: maternal serum leptin level/gestational week). | 2006 | 16051421 |
| cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation is a molecular trigger for solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of memory immunity in humans. | we tested the hypothesis that dna is a target for solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation (ssuvr)-induced suppression of the reactivation of memory immunity in humans. t4n5 liposomes contain the dna repair enzyme t4 endonuclease v. this cleaves dna at the site of ultraviolet radiation (uvr)-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (cpd), initiating dna repair. it has previously been used to show that cpds are a key molecular trigger for uvr-induced immunosuppression in mice. to determine whether cpd ... | 2005 | 16052262 |
| effect of sodium channel blocker, pilsicainide hydrochloride, on net inward current of atrial myocytes in thyroid hormone toxicosis rats. | to investigate effect of pilsicainide hydrochloride (pilsicainide) on electrocardiogram (ecg) signals and action potentials (aps) of atrial myocytes, levo-thyroxine (t4, 500 microg/kg body weight) was daily injected into peritoneal cavity of sprague-dawley rats for 14 days. t4-treatment significantly shortened rr interval, p wave, and qrs complex durations on ecg. although pilsicainide did not affect the heart rate, p wave and corrected qt interval (qtc) was increased in t4-treated rats. ap reco ... | 2005 | 16053380 |
| resistance to thyroid hormone in a patient with thyroid dysgenesis. | we report a patient with the unusual coincidence of two rare congenital disorders, lingual ectopy of the thyroid gland and resistance to thyroid hormone (rth), resulting in impaired thyroid hormone production and action, respectively. the proposita had a positive thyrotropin (tsh) newborn screening test (350 mu/l, confirmed) with normal thyroxine (t4) and no clinical signs of hypothyroidism. a scintiscan revealed lingual but no orthotopic thyroid tissue. levothyroxine (lt4) replacement failed to ... | 2005 | 16053391 |
| ultrasonographic appearance of the conceptus, fetal heart rate and profiles of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (pag) and prostaglandin f2alpha-metabolite (pgf2alpha-metabolite) after induction of fetal death with aglepristone during early gestation in cattle. | a higher incidence of fetal losses, especially after the use of artificial reproduction techniques, asks for more intensive monitoring of bovine pregnancies. in this study, a model for fetal death (fd) was created by administering the antiprogesterone aglepristone twice, at day 47 and 48 of gestation (n=5). control heifers received the solvent (n=5). the temporal relationships between changes in ultrasonographic appearance of fetal fluids and membranes, fetal heart rate (fhr) and peripheral plas ... | 2005 | 16054496 |
| genetic diversity and origin of chinese cattle revealed by mtdna d-loop sequence variation. | to determine the origin and genetic diversity of chinese cattle, we analyzed the complete mtdna d-loop sequences of 84 cattle from 14 breeds/populations from southwest and west china, together with the available cattle sequences in genbank. our results showed that the chinese cattle samples converged into two main groups, which correspond to the two species bos taurus and bos indicus. although a dominant lineage was clearly discerned in both b. taurus and b. indicus mtdnas, network analysis of t ... | 2006 | 16054846 |
| uv-specific dna repair recombinant fusion enzyme: a new stable pharmacologically active principle suitable for photoprotection. | uv radiation can produce mutations in skin cells and correlates strongly with the onset of actinic keratoses and basal and squamous cell carcinomas. xeroderma pigmentosum (xp) is a heritable disease characterized by an extreme sensitivity of skin to uv radiation. recently, studies in cultured cells as well as in xp patients have demonstrated that the recombinant t4 endonuclease v uv-specific endonuclease could enhance repair of uv-induced photoproducts. | 2005 | 16055003 |
| austrian moderate altitude study (amas 2000): erythropoietic activity and hb-o(2) affinity during a 3-week hiking holiday at moderate altitude in persons with metabolic syndrome. | moderate altitude hypoxia (1500 to 2500 m) is known to stimulate erythropoiesis and to improve oxygen transport to tissue by a reduction of hb-o(2) affinity. whether this adaptation also occurs in tourists with metabolic syndrome has not yet been investigated sufficiently. thus, we performed a prospective field study to measure erythropoietic parameters and oxygen transport properties in 24 male volunteers with metabolic syndrome during a 3- week holiday program at 1700 m consisting of four guid ... | 2005 | 16060851 |
| high prevalence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in acromegaly. | acromegaly is a chronic disease caused by increased gh secretion and associated with a greater risk of developing both benign and malignant tumours. in the present study we evaluated the prevalence of thyroid disorders and thyroid malignancies in a series of acromegalic subjects. | 2005 | 16060909 |
| developmental changes of plasma inhibin, gonadotropins, steroid hormones, and thyroid hormones in male and female shao ducks. | plasma samples from developing male and female shao ducks were assayed for immunoreactive (ir-) inhibin, follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh), luteinizing hormone (lh), steroid hormones, and thyroid hormones. in the male, plasma ir-inhibin significantly increased between 75 and 155 days posthatch, and then decreased slightly at day 165. plasma fsh of male ducks decreased from day 35 to day 55, followed by progressive elevation until day 95. plasma fsh of male ducks fell significantly at days 135 a ... | 2005 | 16061074 |
| short-term oral toxicity of butyl ether, ethyl hexyl ether, methyl heptyl ether and 1,6-dimethoxyhexane in male rats and the role of 2-methoxyacetic acid. | a 4-week oral study was conducted in male rats to characterize and compare the toxicity of four aliphatic ethers (butyl ether, be; ethyl hexyl ether, ehxe; methyl heptyl ether, mhpe; and 1,6-dimethoxyhexane, dmh) which have been proposed as high-cetane diesel additives. male sprague-dawley rats (280+/-20 g) were divided into groups of seven animals each and were administered by gavage low (2mg/kg body weight), medium (20mg/kg) or high (200mg/kg) doses of be, ehxe, or mhpe, 5 days per week for 4 ... | 2005 | 16061321 |
| organ preservation and treatment toxicity with induction chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy or chemoradiation for advanced laryngeal cancer. | the authors reviewed records of patients with advanced laryngeal cancer treated with induction chemotherapy (ic) and hyperfractionated radiation therapy (rt) or chemoradiation (crt) to determine the rates of organ preservation and function. | 2005 | 16062079 |
| specific formation of beads-on-a-chain structures on giant dna using a designed polyamine derivative. | fluorescence microscopy was used to study the folding transition of giant dnas, t4 dna (ca. 166 kbp), and lambda dna (ca. 48 kbp), which proceeds through intermediates with intramolecular segregation induced by pteridine-polyamine conjugates, i.e., 2-amino-6,7-dimethyl-4-(4,9,13-triazatridecylamino)pteridine and -4-(3-(aminopropyl)amino)pteridine. according to the results of dna denaturation, uv and fluorescent spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopic observations, it became clear tha ... | 2005 | 16076197 |
| the n-pentenoyl protecting group for aminoacyl-trnas. | the elaboration of misacylated transfer rnas by t4 rna ligase-mediated condensation of an aminoacylated pdcpa derivative and a trna (transcript) missing the two 3'-terminal nucleotides requires that the aminoacyl moiety of the dinucleotide be stabilized during the ligation reaction. this can be done conveniently by the use of a simple 4-pentenoyl group attached to n(alpha) of the amino acid. the pentenoyl amide can be deblocked readily with aqueous iodine, presumably via an iodolactone intermedi ... | 2005 | 16076450 |
| serum hormones in boys prenatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and dibenzofurans (pcdfs) are persistent environmental pollutants shown to adversely interact with several functions of the endocrine system. in 1978-1979, over 2000 taiwanese people ingested rice oil accidentally contaminated with pcbs and pcdfs. this is one of the major toxic exposure episodes that occurred globally and was later called yucheng (oil disease in chinese). the children born to exposed yucheng women were therefore exposed in utero to high doses of ... | 2005 | 16076757 |
| euthyroid sick syndrome in meningococcal sepsis: the impact of peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism and binding proteins. | the objective of this study was to elucidate the influence of disease severity, deiodination, sulfation, thyroid hormone binding, and dopamine use on thyroid function in euthyroid sick syndrome. | 2005 | 16076941 |
| modulation of thyroid-specific gene expression in normal and nodular human thyroid tissues from adults: an in vivo effect of thyrotropin. | evidence from in vitro studies or animal models has shown that tsh affects thyrocytes by thyroid-specific expression modulation. | 2005 | 16076943 |
| hunger-satiety signals in patients with graves' thyrotoxicosis before, during, and after long-term pharmacological treatment. | patients with graves' thyrotoxicosis lose weight despite increased appetite and food intake, thus suggesting a disturbed balance between energy intake and expenditure. underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. the objective of this study was to investigate whether hormonal factors, known to affect hunger/satiety, change significantly over time as pharmacological treatment turns hyperthyroidism into euthyroidism. for that purpose 11 patients with graves' thyrotoxicosis were given thiamazole ... | 2005 | 16077172 |
| one hundred consecutive pneumonectomies after induction therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: an uncertain balance between risks and benefits. | we sought to assess postoperative outcome after pneumonectomy after neoadjuvant therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. | 2005 | 16077407 |
| [expression of tgf-beta1 mrna in prostate carcinoma tissues and its significance]. | to investigate the expression of tgf-beta1 mrna in prostate carcinoma tissues and its significance. | 2005 | 16078668 |
| benchmark calculations for perchlorate from three human cohorts. | the presence of low concentrations of perchlorate in some drinking water sources has led to concern regarding potential effects on the thyroid. in a recently published report, the national academy of sciences indicated that the perchlorate dose required to cause hypothyroidism in adults would probably be > 0.40 mg/kg-day for months or longer. in this study, we calculated benchmark doses for perchlorate from thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) and free thyroxine (t4) serum indicators from two occup ... | 2005 | 16079070 |
| decrease of transthyretin synthesis at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier of old sheep. | transthyretin (ttr), synthesized by the choroid plexus (cp) and secreted into cerebrospinal fluid (csf), is involved in thyroxine (t4) transport and chelation of beta-amyloid peptide, attenuating neurotoxicity. to characterize age-related changes in ttr synthesis, csf and cps were collected from young adult (1-2 years) and old (>8 years) sheep anesthetized with thiopentone sodium. ttr in old sheep csf was low compared to young (n = 4 each); however, cp messenger rna (mrna) for ttr did not change ... | 2005 | 16079207 |
| a comparison of the anti-luteolytic activities of recombinant ovine interferon-alpha and -tau in sheep. | interferon tau (ifnt) is secreted by the trophectoderm of ruminant conceptuses during the peri-implantation period and serves an anti-luteolytic function. the question as to whether ifnt is superior as an anti-luteolytic agent to closely related type i ifns, such as ifn alpha (ifna), which have a different function, remains unanswered. thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether equivalent antiviral (av) units of ovifna and ovifnt are equipotent in extending estrous cycle length. four d ... | 2005 | 16079305 |
| structural evidence of a passive base-flipping mechanism for agt, an unusual gt-b glycosyltransferase. | the escherichia coli t4 bacteriophage uses two glycosyltransferases to glucosylate and thus protect its dna: the retaining alpha-glucosyltransferase (agt) and the inverting beta-glucosyltransferase (bgt). they glucosylate 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (5-hmc) bases of duplex dna using udp-glucose as the sugar donor to form an alpha-glucosidic linkage and a beta-glucosidic linkage, respectively. five structures of agt have been determined: a binary complex with the udp product and four ternary complex ... | 2005 | 16081100 |
| a three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy structure of the bacteriophage phikz head. | the three-dimensional structure of the pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage phikz head has been determined by cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction to 18a resolution. the head has icosahedral symmetry measuring 1455 a in diameter along 5-fold axes and a unique portal vertex to which is attached an approximately 1800 a-long contractile tail. the 65 kda major capsid protein, gp120, is organized into a surface lattice of hexamers, with t = 27 triangulation. the shape and size of the hex ... | 2005 | 16081102 |
| inactivation of particle-associated viral surrogates by ultraviolet light. | this study investigated whether colloid-sized particles can enmesh and protect viruses from 254-nm ultraviolet (uv) light and sought to determine the particle characteristics (e.g. size, chemical composition) that are most relevant in causing a protective effect. two viral surrogates (ms2 coliphage and bacteriophage t4), three types of particles (kaolin clay, humic acid powder, and activated sludge), two coagulants (alum and ferric chloride), two filtration conditions (none and 0.45 microm), and ... | 2005 | 16081130 |
| muts as a tool for mutation detection. | muts, a dna mismatch-binding protein, seems to be a promising tool for mutation detection. we present three muts based approaches to the detection of point mutations: dna retardation, protection of mismatched dna against exonuclease digestion, and chimeric muts proteins. dna retardation in polyacrylamide gels stained with sybr-gold allows mutation detection using 1-3 microg of thermus thermophilus his6-muts protein and 50-200 ng of a pcr product. the method enables the search for a broad range o ... | 2005 | 16082411 |
| perchlorate affects thyroid function in eastern mosquitofish (gambusia holbrooki) at environmentally relevant concentrations. | the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of perchlorate on thyroid function in mosquitofish. adult mosquitofish were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/l sodium perchlorate for 2, 10, and 30 d. whole body thyroxin (t4) content and histological assessment of thyroid follicles (e.g., follicular epithelial height, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and colloid depletion) were used to gauge alterations in thyroid function. follicular epithelial cell height, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy ... | 2005 | 16082946 |
| a more appropriate algorithm of thyroid function test in diagnosis of hyperthyroidism for thai patients. | thyroid function test is an essential tool in the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. to date, it is still controversial which diagnostic algorithm is best applicable to clinically hyperthyroidism patients. | 2004 | 16083155 |
| clinico-pathological features of bladder carcinoma in women in pakistan and smokeless tobacco as a possible risk factor. | bladder carcinoma is one of the common urological malignancies occurring worldwide in both sexes. use of smokeless tobacco by women is common in rural areas of pakistan. the clinico-pathological features of bladder carcinoma in women and association of smokeless tobacco as a possible risk factor for bladder carcinoma has not been well described in the literature. the objective of the study was to determine the clinico-pathological features of histologically confirmed bladder carcinoma in women a ... | 2005 | 16083498 |
| social inhibition of seasonal fattening in wild and captive gray mouse lemurs. | due to their differential reproductive investment, males and females often exhibit high differences in energy management. the main hypothesis tested in this study is that short photoperiod-induced fattening in the small primate microcebus murinus is strongly affected by social cues. short photoperiod-induced changes in body mass, lean mass and thyroid hormone t4 plasma levels measurements were investigated in wild and captive animals. individual housing showed that both males and females are abl ... | 2005 | 16085129 |
| neoadjuvant chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue in young adults: a case series. | squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (sccot) in the young population has emerged as a growing worldwide health problem. standard therapies, consisting primarily of surgery with possible adjuvant radiotherapy, have resulted in only modest improvements in survival in recent decades, whereas the treatments for sccot continue to impair oral function. with the increased use and improved functional results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of other upper aer ... | 2005 | 16086413 |
| chronic pancreatitis patients show hyperalgesia of central origin: a pilot study. | the pain of chronic pancreatitis remains challenging to manage, with treatment all too often being unsuccessful. a main reason for this is lacking understanding of underlying mechanisms of chronic pain in these patients. | 2006 | 16087373 |
| the european smoking prevention framework approach (esfa): effects after 24 and 30 months. | the european smoking prevention framework approach (esfa) study in six countries tested the effects of a comprehensive smoking prevention approach after 24 (t3; n = 10,751) and 30 months (t4; n = 9,282). the programme targeted four levels, i.e. adolescents in schools, school policies, parents and the community. in portugal, 12.4% of the t1 non-smokers in the control group had started smoking at t4 compared to 7.9% of the experimental group. smoking onset in the experimental group was thus 36% lo ... | 2006 | 16087692 |
| evidence-based outcomes for patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing resection. | surgery plays a vital role in the management of stages i-iiia nsclc. careful patient selection and improved perioperative care now allow pulmonary resection to be performed with a very low morbidity and mortality even in older patients, or in patients undergoing pneumonectomy or extended operations. most patients with stage iiib disease are not candidates for surgery, but resection can be curative for highly selected groups of patients with t4 tumors when these are not associated with nodal meta ... | 2000 | 16088754 |
| t4 sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis: an effective approach that simultaneously minimzes compensatory hyperhidrosis. | compensatory hyperhidrosis (ch) is the most troublesome side effect after t2 sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis (ph). the aim of this study was to evaluate whether t4 ganglion interruption for ph is an effective approach that can simultaneously minimize the rate of ch. between july 2001 and july 2003, 84 ph patients undergoing bilateral thoracoscopic t4 sympathectomy were followed up in the outpatient clinic and by telephone questionnaire. rates of success, regret, ch, recurrence, and compli ... | 2005 | 16089308 |
| children with differentiated thyroid cancer achieve adequate hyperthyrotropinemia within 14 days of levothyroxine withdrawal. | the preparation for radioiodine administration recommended by the current pediatric literature is a 6-wk withdrawal that typically includes the transient administration of t3. compared with adults, t4 clearance rates and serum tsh to free t4 ratios are higher in children, implying that pediatric patients can achieve adequate hyperthyrotropinemia with shorter levothyroxine withdrawals. | 2005 | 16091480 |
| spontaneous diurnal thyrotropin secretion is enhanced in proportion to circulating leptin in obese premenopausal women. | recent evidence implicates leptin as an important modulator of thyroid axis activity. | 2005 | 16091498 |
| qeeg changes during carotid clamping in carotid endarterectomy: spectral edge frequency parameters and relative band power parameters. | intraoperative monitoring is needed to identify accurately those patients in need of a shunt during carotid endarterectomy. eeg can be used for this purpose, but there is no consensus on the variables to use. using a database consisting of 149 eegs recorded from patients during carotid endarterectomy under isoflurane (n=61) or propofol (n=88) anesthesia and who did or did not receive a shunt, the authors investigated which of 16 derivations (common reference, cz) and 12 parameters (relative and ... | 2005 | 16093896 |
| effectiveness of lymphoscintigraphic sentinel node detection for cervical staging of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. | to evaluate the feasibility and staging ability of the sentinel node (sn) technique for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx and clinically negative necks. this prospective study compares the histopathologic status of the sn with that of the remaining neck dissection tissues. | 2005 | 16094574 |
| in vitro synthesis of enzymes of the tryptophan operon of escherichia coli. evidence for positive control of transcription. | a protein fraction, called at (= anti termination) factor, has been isolated from extracts of e. coli and partially purified. the at factor stimulates the synthesis in vitro of anthranilate synthetase, an enzyme encoded by two genes of the tryptophan (trp) operon, but has no effect on the synthesis of t7 rna polymerase and other t7- and t4 coded proteins. the at factor stimulates the synthesis of trp mrna; it has no effect on the translation of trp mrna. we conclude that in vitro transcription o ... | 1975 | 16094972 |
| e. coli k12 inf: a mutant deficient in prophage lambda induction and cell filamentation. | the bacterial mutant inf-3 (lambda) is not inducible and does not form filaments following thymine starvation. lysogenic induction is neither produced by ultraviolet light (uv) nor promoted by tif-1. this phenotype is due to a mutation infa3 located between 60 and 73 min on the e. coli k12 map. the inf mutant is resistant to x-ray and uv irradiation, in contrast to all other known non-inducible bacterial mutants. it is rec+ and able to perform host cell reactivation as well as uv-reactivation of ... | 1975 | 16094997 |
| unaltered stability of newly synthesized rna in strains of escherichia coli missing a ribonuclease specific for double-stranded rna. | pairs of very closely related escherichia coli strains were prepared, one having the wild-type allele for ribonuclease iii, an enzyme which specifically degrades double-stranded rna, and the other having a mutant rnase iii allele. growth and phage plating efficiency were compared in these strains. the rnase iii+ strains grow better than the rnase iii- strains and plate t7 and lambda phage better, but t4 plates with the same efficiency on both strains. on the other hand, the half lives of newly s ... | 1975 | 16094999 |
| [the evolution of epidemiology and clinical characteristics of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma in poland from 1991 to 2001]. | on the base of retrospective analysis of 12,888 cases of carcinoma of larynx and hypopharynx, diagnosed in 19 ent departments in poland from 1991 to 2001, the assessment of basic epidemiological data, including the localization of tumor and stage of local and clinical advancement of the disease at the time of diagnosis has been conducted. in analyzed period of 11 years the trends to change of the mentioned above parameters has been examined. the significant increase of female patients in this pe ... | 2005 | 16095084 |
| [treatment results in external and middle ear malignant neoplasms of patients treated at the laryngology department of medical university of silesia between 1991-2001]. | the authors present 18 patients with malignant neoplasms of the ear and temporal bone who were treated in the clinic of laryngology medical university of silesia in katowice in the years 1991-2001. the most frequent was squamous cell carcinoma (11 patients--61%). the neoplasm was located on the auricle in 7 patients (39%), in the external auditory canal in 4 (22%) patients, in the middle ear in 5 patients (28%) and in 2 cases (11%) it was difficult to establish primary site. ten patients (55.5%) ... | 2005 | 16095085 |
| effect of levothyroxine administration on hemostatic analytes in doberman pinschers with von willebrand disease. | levothyroxine administration has been suggested to be an effective treatment for canine von willebrand disease (vwd), but evidence supporting this treatment is lacking. effects of levothyroxine administration were evaluated in 8 euthyroid doberman pinschers with plasma von willebrand factor (vwf) concentrations < 15%, characteristic of type 1 vwd. levothyroxine (0.04 mg/kg po q12h) and placebo were administered for 30 days in a 2-period, 2-treatment, double-blinded, crossover design with a 30-da ... | 2005 | 16095169 |
| the effect of a competitive collegiate football season on power performance and muscle oxygen recovery kinetics. | ten intercollegiate football players were tested within 3 days prior to (t1) and the day following the end (t2) of football preseason training camp and during weeks 7 (t3) and 11 (t4) of the competitive season. during each testing session, subjects performed a 30-second wingate anaerobic power test. near-infrared continuous wave spectroscopy was used to measure muscle deoxygenation during exercise. no changes in any power performance measures were seen during the competitive football season. a s ... | 2005 | 16095398 |
| bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (d2) activation in the mediobasal hypothalamus (mbh) is independent of the lps-induced fall in serum thyroid hormone levels. | by administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) to intact and t4-replaced thyroidectomized rats, we demonstrate that in contrast to the cortex and anterior pituitary, there is a persistent increase in type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (d2) activity in the mediobasal hypothalamus (mbh). we propose that endotoxin-induced d2 activation in the mbh is independent of circulating levels of thyroid hormone and that this mechanism may contribute to central hypothyroidism associated with infection. | 2005 | 16095572 |
| effect of androgen deprivation therapy in the thyroid function test of patients with prostate cancer. | we have assessed the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (adt) in the thyroid function test in prostate cancer patients. serum levels of tri-iodothyronine (t3), thyroxine (t4), free thyroxine (ft4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) were determined in a cross-sectional study that included 279 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. a subset of 96 patients free of prostate-specific antigen relapse after radical prostatectomy became a control group and 183 patients under continuous adt form ... | 2005 | 16096434 |
| stress induced changes in lymphocyte subpopulations and associated cytokines during whole body hyperthermia of 41.8-42.2 degrees c. | extreme acute physical stress leads to transient impairment of t-lymphocytes, which are essential for tumor defence and prevention of infectious diseases. radiant whole body hyperthermia (wbh) at 41.8-42.2 degrees c may enhance the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy in patients with advanced malignancies, but is associated with marked physical stress. aim of this study was to demonstrate stress induced short-time effects on lymphocyte subpopulations and associated cytokines during wbh. total leuk ... | 2005 | 16096838 |
| three basic patterns of changes in serum thyroid hormone levels in graves' disease during the one-year period after radioiodine therapy. | the purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristic patterns of the thyroid hormonal changes in graves' disease during the one-year period after 131i therapy considering that few serial hormonal data during this period are available in the literature. | 2005 | 16097639 |
| selective inhibitors of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase (tdt): baicalin and genistin. | studies of mammalian terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase (tdt) are facilitated by use of inhibitors that selectively knock down the activity of the enzyme. we have screened for selective inhibitors of tdt and identified a natural compound with this property in the japanese vegetable, arctium lappa. the compound has little effect on the activities of mammalian dna polymerases, such as alpha, beta, delta or lambda polymerase, and prokaryotic dna polymerases, such as taq dna polymerase, t4 dna ... | 2005 | 16099107 |
| stable trimerization of recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein ectodomain is required for interaction with the p75ntr receptor. | native rabies virus glycoprotein (rvgvir) is a trimeric, membrane-anchored protein that has been shown to interact with the p75ntr neurotrophin receptor. in order to determine if the rvg trimeric oligomerization state is required for its binding with p75ntr, different soluble recombinant molecules containing the entire rvg ectodomain (rvgect) were expressed alone or fused at its c terminus to the trimerization domain of the bacteriophage t4 fibritin, termed 'foldon'. the oligomerization status o ... | 2005 | 16099913 |
| relationship between interleukin-12-expressing cells and antigen-presenting cells in patients with colorectal cancer. | interleukin-12 (il-12) is a powerful cytokine that plays an important role in cell-mediated immunity. although il-12 is produced by antigen-presenting cells (apcs), the relationship between il-12 expression and apcs in colorectal cancer tissue remains unknown. | 2005 | 16101177 |
| survival analyses of breast cancer patients--the shaukat khanum memorial experience. | seven hundred subjects with breast cancer malignancies were followed up in time from december 1994 to december 2002 to determine survival distributions between sub-groups of breast cancer patients who had undergone surgical resection of the tumor followed by adjuvant treatment. tumor size, nodal status, and estrogen receptor (er) status at the time of presentation were ascertained. tumors were classified according to the tnm system of the american joint committee on cancer (ajcc), sixth edition, ... | 2005 | 16101321 |
| sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous melanoma: the stanford experience, 1997-2004. | to review sentinel lymph node (sln) data from stanford university medical center from january 1, 1997, to january 1, 2004, including rates of sln positivity according to 2002 american joint committee on cancer (ajcc) tumor classification, relation to other clinical and pathologic prognostic factors, and rates and sites of melanoma recurrence. | 2005 | 16103331 |
| [effect of induction chemotherapy followed by surgery for bulky n2, t4 non-small cell lung cancer]. | it is controversial that the effect of induction chemotherapy for bulky n2, t4 non-small cell lung cancer. we examined a retrospective study to assess this issue. ten patients with bulky n2, t4 disease were given bronchial arterial infusion consisting of cisplatin (60 mg/m2) and docetaxel hydrate (60 mg/m2) intravenously, followed by standardized surgical resection (group a). thirty patients had pathological n2, t4 disease after surgery (group b). pathologically downstaging was seen in 6 patient ... | 2005 | 16104559 |
| dynamics of xenon binding inside the hydrophobic cavity of pseudo-wild-type bacteriophage t4 lysozyme explored through xenon-based nmr spectroscopy. | wild-type bacteriophage t4 lysozyme contains a hydrophobic cavity with binding properties that have been extensively studied by x-ray crystallography and nmr. in the present study, the monitoring of 1h chemical shift variations under xenon pressure enables the determination of the noble gas binding constant (k = 60.2 m(-1)). although the interaction site is highly localized, dipolar cross-relaxation effects between laser-polarized xenon and nearby protons (spinoe) are rather poor. this is explai ... | 2005 | 16104744 |
| serum thyroid hormones in preterm infants: associations with postnatal illnesses and drug usage. | transient hypothyroxinemia is common in infants less than 30 wk gestation and is associated with neurodevelopmental deficits. reductions in t4 and t3 levels with tsh unchanged are the key features of severe illness using surrogate indices of overall severity of illness, but these do not inform the impact of individual disease conditions or drug use. | 2005 | 16105964 |
| identification of risk factors for the development of complications following extended and superextended lymphadenectomies for gastric cancer. | extended lymphadenectomy for gastric carcinoma has been associated with high mortality and morbidity rates in several multicentre randomized trials. | 2005 | 16106493 |
| torsional stability of cross-link configurations: a biomechanical analysis. | cross-link systems have been used to augment segmental spinal instrumentation since the earliest introduction of these fixation systems. although transverse cross-links have little impact on sagittal motion of spinal constructs, cross-linkage does affect torsional rigidity. despite the wide variety of cross-link designs, almost all have been configured as transverse devices. the relative mechanical benefit of different cross-link configurations is not known. | 2005 | 16106560 |
| vector-capping: a simple method for preparing a high-quality full-length cdna library. | full-length cdnas play an essential role in identifying genes and determining their promoter regions. here we describe a simple method for constructing a full-length cdna library, which has the following advantages: (i) it consists of only three steps including direct ligation between a vector and a cdna strand using t4 rna ligase, (ii) it contains neither a pcr process generating mutations nor restriction enzyme treatment causing truncation of cdna, (iii) the intactness of cdna is assured due t ... | 2005 | 16106752 |
| [cloning and expression of fusarium moniliforme cgmcc 0536 d-lactonohydrolase gene in escherichia coli]. | the total cdna obtained through reverse transcription of f. oxysporum cgmcc 0536 mrna used as template, a fragment about 1.5kb was amplied with oligo(dt)15 primer and a gene specific primer designed on the base of the sequence of both nh2-terminus and the cdna sequence encoding d-lactonohydrolase of fusarium oxysporum reported on the ncbi, then the fragment was cloned to the pmd18-t vector and sequenced. the sequence encoding d-lactonohydrolase of f. moniliforme cgmcc 0536 shows a high homology ... | 2005 | 16108362 |
| the decrease in level of serum thyroxine by 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl in rats and mice: no correlation with formation of methylsulfonyl metabolites. | a relationship between formation of methylsulfonyl (meso2) metabolites of 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (pentacb) and decrease in serum thyroxine (t4) level was examined in the rats and mice after a single i.p. injection of pentacb (342 micromol/kg body weight). in either rats or mice, levels of the 3- and 4-meso2 metabolites of pentacb in the liver and feces increased in a time-dependent fashion up to 8 days after pentacb-treatment. however, there was a marked difference between rats and mice ... | 2005 | 16109825 |
| novel biomarkers of perchlorate exposure in zebrafish. | perchlorate inhibits iodide uptake by thyroid follicles and lowers thyroid hormone production. although several effects of perchlorate on the thyroid system have been reported, the utility of these pathologies as markers of environmental perchlorate exposures has not been adequately assessed. the present study examined time-course and concentration-dependent effects of perchlorate on thyroid follicle hypertrophy, colloid depletion, and angiogenesis; alterations in whole-body thyroxine (t4) level ... | 2005 | 16110988 |
| oxidative stress and endocrine endpoints in white sucker (catostomus commersoni) from a river impacted by agricultural chemicals. | the effects of agricultural chemicals on cortisol secretion, antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation were investigated in hepatic and adrenal tissue of white sucker (catostomus commersoni) from a river (yamaska) that drains an agricultural region in québec (canada). plasma cholinesterase (che) activity, used as a biomarker of exposure to pesticides, was elevated in fish from the reference site compared to fish from the contaminated sites. plasma concentrations of cortisol and thyroid hormones (t3 a ... | 2005 | 16111011 |
| thyroid hormones and brain development. | the action of thyroid hormones (thyroxine, t4; triiodothyronine, t3) on brain development and function is gaining renewed interest. it has been known for many years that thyroid hormones are very important in mammalian brain maturation, influencing many aspects related to neural cell migration, differentiation, and signaling. in the last 10 years, genes regulated by thyroid hormones have been identified in the rodent brain, and understanding of the role of thyroid hormone nuclear receptors has b ... | 2005 | 16112266 |
| disorders of eating behavior: correlation between hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid function and psychopathological aspects. | altered pituitary-thyroid (pt) function (tsh, ft4, ft3 plasma levels) was correlated with symptoms of eating disorders (ed) in 137 patients (65 anr, 12 anp, 19 anbp, 26 bn, 8 ednos-an, 7 ednos-bn) and 30 controls. pt hormone concentrations were assessed by immunofluorimetry and psychopathology by edi-2 and hscl-90. values of tsh were decreased in anp, bn, ednos-an, of t4 in anr, anp, an-bp, of t3 in anr, anp, anbp, bn, ednos-an, ednos-bn. tsh values correlated negatively with ineffectiveness in ... | 2006 | 16112494 |
| the mono-adp-ribosyltransferases alt and modb of bacteriophage t4: target proteins identified. | infection of escherichia coli by bacteriophage t4 leads to the expression of three phage mono-adp-ribosyltransferases (namely, alt, moda, and modb), each of which modifies a distinct group of host proteins. to improve understanding of these interactions and their consequences for the t4 replication cycle, we used high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass-spectrometry to identify some of the putative target proteins adp-ribosylated in vitro by alt (total approximately 27) and m ... | 2005 | 16112649 |
| molecular evolution and multilocus sequence typing of 145 strains of sars-cov. | in this study, we have identified 876 polymorphism sites in 145 complete or partial genomes of sars-cov available in the ncbi genbank. one hundred and seventy-four of these sites existed in two or more sars-cov genome sequences. according to the sequence polymorphism, all sars-covs can be divided into three groups: (i) group 1, animal-origin viruses (such as sars-cov sz1, sz3, sz13 and sz16); (ii) group 2, all viruses with clinical origin during first epidemic; and (iii) group 3, sars-cov gd03t0 ... | 2005 | 16112670 |
| ct of the chest and abdomen in patients with newly diagnosed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. | the benefits of ct scanning of the chest and abdomen as a routine screening method for patients with newly diagnosed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) remain unclear. | 2005 | 16114003 |
| effect of starch on the cariogenic potential of sucrose. | since in vitro and animal studies suggest that the combination of starch with sucrose may be more cariogenic than sucrose alone, the study assessed in situ the effects of this association applied in vitro on the acidogenicity, biochemical and microbiological composition of dental biofilm, as well as on enamel demineralization. during two phases of 14 d each, fifteen volunteers wore palatal appliances containing blocks of human deciduous enamel, which were extra-orally submitted to four groups of ... | 2005 | 16115331 |
| marine t4-type bacteriophages, a ubiquitous component of the dark matter of the biosphere. | tailed bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entities in marine environments. however, most of these marine phages are uncharacterized because few of their hosts have been cultivated. to learn more about such phages, we designed a set of degenerate pcr primers for phage t4 g23, which encodes the major capsid protein in all of the t4-type phages, an important family of the tailed phage. these primers were used to amplify g23-related sequences from diverse marine environments (fjords and ... | 2005 | 16116082 |
| lymphovascular invasion is independently associated with overall survival, cause-specific survival, and local and distant recurrence in patients with negative lymph nodes at radical cystectomy. | we hypothesized that bladder cancer patients with associated lymphovascular invasion (lvi) are at increased risk of occult metastases. | 2005 | 16116151 |
| the proangiogenic action of thyroid hormone analogue gc-1 is initiated at an integrin. | our early reported investigations have demonstrated potent proangiogenic effects of l-thyroxine (t4) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (cam) model. tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) blocks t4 binding to plasma membranes and its pro-angiogenic effect. t4/t3 stimulates expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) in endothelial cells. thyroid hormone (t4/t3) is principally responsible for transcriptional activation mediated by nuclear thyroid hormone rec ... | 2005 | 16116342 |
| the tail structure of bacteriophage t4 and its mechanism of contraction. | bacteriophage t4 and related viruses have a contractile tail that serves as an efficient mechanical device for infecting bacteria. a three-dimensional cryo-em reconstruction of the mature t4 tail assembly at 15-a resolution shows the hexagonal dome-shaped baseplate, the extended contractile sheath, the long tail fibers attached to the baseplate and the collar formed by six whiskers that interact with the long tail fibers. comparison with the structure of the contracted tail shows that tail contr ... | 2005 | 16116440 |
| high pressure liquid chormatography determination of the concentration and integrity of l-thyroxine in free t4 stock solution. | characterization studies were designed to evaluate the concentration and integrity of the l-thyroxine (t4) molecule (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine) in the free t4 stock solution (ft4ss) (code 99544). the determination of the concentration of t4 in ft4ss is critical to ensure that the free t4 calibrators and controls are manufactured with the least number of adjustments possible. the most significant conclusions drawn from these characterization studies are the following: (1) an accurate and sensi ... | 2005 | 16116934 |
| long-term course and predictive factors of elevated serum thyroglobulin and negative diagnostic radioiodine whole body scan in differentiated thyroid cancer. | following the initial management, some patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (dtc) develop a state of high thyroglobulin (tg) and negative diagnostic radioactive iodine (rai) whole body scan (dxwbs). the predisposing factors and outcome of this condition are unclear. in this study, our objectives were to determine the predictive factors for the development of high tg and negative dxwbs (tg+/scan-) and to study the long-term course of the disease in patients with this condition. | 2005 | 16117196 |
| [new clinical staging system for carcinoma of nasal cavity]. | to establish a new staging system based on analysis of several presently used clinical staging systems for carcinoma of nasal cavity. | 2005 | 16117899 |
| accelerated radiotherapy for advanced laryngeal cancer. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate a single institution's outcome for patients with advanced laryngeal cancer treated with accelerated radiotherapy (rt). fifty-eight patients with advanced laryngeal cancer (t3/t4n0/n + m0) were treated with curative intent with accelerated rt during the period 1990-1998. patients received radiotherapy alone or with induction chemotherapy. the 5-year local control (lc) and loco-regional control (lrc) probabilities were both 49% for t3 and 75% for t4 tumors ... | 2005 | 16118082 |
| endoscopic ultrasound added to mediastinoscopy for preoperative staging of patients with lung cancer. | up to 40% of thoracotomies performed for non-small cell lung cancer are unnecessary, predominantly due to inaccurate preoperative detection of lymph node metastases and mediastinal tumor invasion (t4). mediastinoscopy and the novel, minimally invasive technique of transesophageal ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (eus-fna) target different mediastinal lymph node stations. in addition, eus can identify tumor invasion in neighboring organs if tumors are located adjacent to the esophagus. | 2005 | 16118383 |
| quantitative eeg analysis of rem sleep in children with down syndrome. | the aim was to compare quantitative eeg analysis of rem sleep in children with down syndrome (ds) and normal age-matched controls. | 2005 | 16119618 |
| [molecular analysis of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes among group a streptococcus isolates from japanese patients with pharyngitis and skin infections]. | group a streptococci (gas) from patients with pharyngitis and skin infections were examined for t serotypes, emm types, and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin gene types. the results were summarized as follows: 1) t and emm types were determined in 130 gas isolates obtained between 2000 and 2004. among 85 throat isolates, predominant t/emm types were t12/emm12 (25%), t4/emm4 (19%), and t1/emm1 (14%). among 45 skin isolates, predominant t/emm types were t28/emm28 (13%), tb 3264/emm89 (13%), tnontyp ... | 2005 | 16119802 |
| effects of grapefruit juice on the absorption of levothyroxine. | our aim was to study the effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine. | 2005 | 16120075 |
| t-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement by multiplex polymerase chain reaction/heteroduplex analysis in patients with cutaneous t-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides/sézary syndrome) and benign inflammatory disease: correlation with clinical, histological and immunophenotypical findings. | a dominant t-cell clone can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 40-90% of cutaneous samples from patients with cutaneous t-cell lymphoma (ctcl). | 2005 | 16120144 |
| clinicopathological features, surgical management, and disease outcome of perforated gastric cancer. | perforated gastric cancer is rare and generally not diagnosed preoperatively or intraoperatively, if a frozen section is unavailable. therefore, the elucidation of its clinicopathological features and disease outcomes will help surgeons manage perforated gastric cancer. | 2005 | 16121341 |