| complications of pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction: prevention strategies. | a retrospective chart review was performed to quantify the postoperative complications and outcomes of 82 consecutive cases of laryngotracheal reconstruction (ltr) and cricotracheal resection (ctr) performed at a pediatric tertiary care hospital over the last 9 years. six cases of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and 8 cases of cervical pseudomonal wound abscess (pwa) were identified in a total of 12 patients. all of these infections occurred after single-stage ltr or ctr. both rs ... | 1999 | 10579227 |
| epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection among paediatric patients in hong kong: seasonality and disease impact. | in a 5-year retrospective survey of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections among hospitalized children, 1340 cases were identified of which, 98.4% were children < 5 years old with a male:female ratio of 1.5: 1. most cases occurred from april to september showing a significant positive correlation with temperature and relative humidity. community-acquired infections accounted for 92.5% of the cases with a mean hospital stay of 5 days. the estimated annual incidence of rsv infection requirin ... | 1999 | 10579445 |
| stable transfection of rat preporinsulin ii gene into rat hematopoietic stem cells via recombinant adeno-associated virus. | we investigated the ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus (raav), to mediate the transfer of rat preproinsulin ii (ri2) gene into rat hematopoietic stem cells in vitro and expression of ri2 following intra-venous (i.v.) injection of infected stem cells into syngeneic rats. the plp-1 recombinant plasmid containing ri2 was engineered as follows: ri2 with rsv-promoter was released from pbc 12bi (atcc), purified, and inserted into bamh1 site of raav vector plasmid pwp-19. plasmid plp-1, toge ... | 1999 | 10579458 |
| the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in south african children. | to review the incidence, outcomes and risk factors associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in south african children. | 1999 | 10582064 |
| prednisolone treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection: a randomized controlled trial of 147 infants. | to evaluate the effect of systemic prednisolone as an adjunct to conventional treatment with beta2-agonist, respiratory support, and fluid replacement in hospitalized infants <24 months of age with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 1999 | 10586011 |
| respiratory illness after severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in infancy in the gambia. | to determine the frequency of later respiratory tract morbidity after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in infancy. | 1999 | 10586169 |
| comparison of vidas with direct immunofluorescence for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical specimens. | requirements for infection control measures and the decision for treatment with antiviral agents make the rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) essential for hospitalized, pediatric and immunocompromised patients. immunofluorescence is considered to be the most rapid and sensitive method for direct detection of rsv in clinical specimens, but several enzyme-linked immunoassays have also been commercially available. | 1999 | 10588455 |
| plasma surfactant protein-b is elevated in infants with respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis. however the pathophysiology of bronchiolitis is unclear. leukocytes, especially neutrophils, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis. whereas we have previously shown that neutrophils augment epithelial leakage and detachment in rsv infection in vitro, it is unknown whether epithelial damage occurs in vivo in infants with rsv bronchiolitis. we hypothesized that respiratory epithelial damage occ ... | 1999 | 10590031 |
| respiratory syncytial virus that lacks open reading frame 2 of the m2 gene (m2-2) has altered growth characteristics and is attenuated in rodents. | the m2 gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes two putative proteins: m2-1 and m2-2; both are believed to be involved in the rna transcription or replication process. to understand the function of the m2-2 protein in virus replication, we deleted the majority of the m2-2 open reading frame from an infectious cdna clone derived from the human rsv a2 strain. transfection of hep-2 cells with the cdna clone containing the m2-2 deletion, together with plasmids that encoded the rsv n, p, and ... | 2000 | 10590093 |
| mutations in the 5' trailer region of a respiratory syncytial virus minigenome which limit rna replication to one step. | the 3' termini of the genomic and antigenomic rnas of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are identical at 10 of the first 11 nucleotide positions and 21 of the first 26 positions. these conserved 3'-terminal sequences are thought to contain the genomic and antigenomic promoters. furthermore, the complement of each conserved sequence (i.e., the 5' end of the rna it encodes) might contain an encapsidation signal. using an rsv minigenome system, we individually mutated each of the last seven n ... | 2000 | 10590101 |
| rna dimerization defect in a rous sarcoma virus matrix mutant. | the retrovirus matrix (ma) sequence of the gag polyprotein has been shown to contain functions required for membrane targeting and binding during particle assembly and budding. additional functions for ma have been proposed based on the existence of ma mutants in rous sarcoma virus (rsv), murine leukemia virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 that lack infectivity even though they release particles of normal composition. here we describe an rsv ma muta ... | 2000 | 10590103 |
| liposome encapsulation of a soluble recombinant fragment of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein enhances immune protection and reduces lung eosinophilia associated with virus challenge. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children and infants. previous animal studies have shown that immunizing intramuscularly or intraperitoneally with the rsv g protein has elicited protective as well as harmful immune responses upon rsv challenge. in an rsv immunization strategy designed to target the respiratory tract directly (the site of rsv replication), we immunized balb/c mice intranasally with a liposome-encapsulated, prokaryotical ... | 2000 | 10590333 |
| [prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in preterm infants with/without bronchopulmonary dysplasia: hyperimmune globulin (rsv-igiv) and palivizumab (medi-493)]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes seasonal epidemics between december and march (april) and remains the main agent that causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in young infants. children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia up to 24 months of age and preterm infants with a gestational age of 32 weeks and below, who are less than six months of age, are at highest risk for severe rsv infection. rsv-igiv has been demonstrated to reduce significantly rsv associated hospitalizations, rsv a ... | 1999 | 10592925 |
| the rous sarcoma virus env glycoprotein contains a highly conserved motif homologous to tyrosine-based endocytosis signals and displays an unusual internalization phenotype. | the cytoplasmic domains of retroviral transmembrane (tm) glycoproteins contain conserved sequence motifs that resemble tyrosine-based (yxxo-type) endocytosis signals. we have previously described a mutant rous sarcoma virus (rsv) env protein, env-mu26, with an l165r mutation in the membrane-spanning domain (msd) of tm, that exhibited dramatically decreased steady-state surface expression (g. l. davis and e. hunter, j. cell biol. 105:1191-1203, 1987; p. b. johnston, j. y. dong, and e. hunter, vir ... | 2000 | 10594028 |
| cetirizine counter-regulates interleukin-8 release from human epithelial cells (a549) | cetirizine, a h1-receptor antagonist, exerts besides its well-known anti-allergic potential an array of anti-inflammatory activities. in particular epithelial cells activated in the presence of cetirizine showed a reduced icam-1 cell surface expression and a diminished release of sicam-1. | 1999 | 10594545 |
| effects of respiratory syncytial virus persistence on airway responsiveness and inflammation in guinea-pigs. | recurrent wheezing and asthma often develop after acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, but the mechanisms of these sequelae are poorly understood. using a guinea-pig model of human rsv lung infection, the effects of long-term viral persistence on three hallmarks of asthma: nonspecific airway responsiveness, airway inflammation and airway remodelling were examined. guinea-pigs were studied 100 days after intranasal instillation of either human rsv or uninfected vehicle, using: 1 ... | 1999 | 10596691 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: an underestimated cause of respiratory infection, with prospects for a vaccine. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects most people by the time they are 2 years old and reinfects throughout life. rsv is best recognised for causing bronchiolitis in infants--it is one of the most important respiratory pathogens in childhood in industrialised countries. the clinical manifestations of rsv infection in adults and elderly people, from upper respiratory tract infection to pneumonia, are less well known. part of the burden of winter mortality in elderly people is attributable to ... | 1999 | 10598379 |
| efficient gene transfer and long-term expression in neurons using a recombinant adenovirus with a neuron-specific promoter. | adenoviruses are highly efficient vectors for gene transfer into brain cells. restricting transgene expression to specific cell types and maintaining long-term expression are major goals for gene therapy in the central nervous system. we targeted gene expression to neurons by constructing an adenoviral vector that expressed the e. coli lacz reporter gene under the control of the rat neuron-specific enolase promoter (ad-nse). expression from ad-nse was compared with that from an adenoviral vector ... | 1999 | 10602384 |
| alterations in apoptosis of cord and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by in vitro infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of morbidity in children, results in severe lower respiratory tract infections. with an in vitro infection system of isolated cord or adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells, addition of virus to cell cultures resulted in significant reductions in cell deaths, as measured by 2 independent assays: quantitation of cells with subdiploid levels of dna and cells with dna strand breaks. decreased cell death was observed in lymphocytes and monocytes of ... | 2000 | 10608787 |
| rsv infection in infants and young children. what's new in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention? | rsv is the most important respiratory pathogen in infants and young children. about 1% of primary rsv infections result in hospitalization. the virus is spread by large droplets of secretions or contact with contaminated secretions. infants infected with rsv may demonstrate poor feeding, rhinorrhea, apnea, lethargy, wheezing, and respiratory distress. diagnosis may be made by clinical signs and symptoms (especially those observed during epidemics), by chest radiographs showing hyperinflation, or ... | 1999 | 10608968 |
| [recommendations for immunologic prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections]. | | 1999 | 10612193 |
| a rhoa-derived peptide inhibits syncytium formation induced by respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3. | the fusion glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type-3 (piv-3) mediate virus entry and syncytium formation. interaction between the fusion protein of rsv and rhoa, a small gtpase, facilitates virus-induced syncytium formation. we show here a rhoa-derived peptide inhibits rsv and syncytium formation induced by rsv and piv-3, both in vitro by inhibition of cell-to-cell fusion and in vivo by reduction of peak titer by 2 log10 in rsv-infected mice. t ... | 2000 | 10613821 |
| mortality following isolation of various respiratory viruses in nursing home residents. | to compare mortality following isolation of influenza a to mortality following isolation of other respiratory viruses in a nursing home. | 1999 | 10614604 |
| dynamic distribution of an antigen involved in the differentiation of avian myoblasts: ii. possible association of beta1 integrin with myofibril organization. | previous studies have shown that a monoclonal antibody, h-145, inhibits myotube formation of quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus (qm-rsv cells) [hyodo and kim, 1994: exp. cell res. 212:120-131]. the antigen recognized by h-145 (h-145 antigen), which is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of about 116 kda, is related to a step immediately before myoblast fusion. to determine the functional significance of h-145 antigen, we examined its dynamic st ... | 2000 | 10618164 |
| primary respiratory syncytial virus infection: pathology, immune response, and evaluation of vaccine challenge strains in a new mouse model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of lower respiratory tract illness in young children. vaccine development has been hampered by the experience of the formalin-inactivated vaccine tested in the 1960's. currently, several vaccine candidates are under development and immune response to these candidate vaccines must be evaluated closely. we introduce a novel low-dose murine model of rsv infection and a new pathologic scoring system for the resultant pulmonary disease. we have a ... | 2000 | 10618539 |
| the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in the elderly. | to determine if specific levels of vaccine cost and effectiveness exist that would support eventual respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine use in the elderly, a cost-effectiveness study was conducted comparing yearly administration of a hypothetical rsv vaccine among the 65-year-old us cohort to medical management of disease. using base case assumptions - including a vaccine effectiveness against rsv-related hospitalization and death of 80% and a vaccine cost of us$33 - vaccine would result i ... | 2000 | 10618546 |
| profilin is required for optimal actin-dependent transcription of respiratory syncytial virus genome rna. | transcription of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) genome rna exhibited an obligatory need for the host cytoskeletal protein actin. optimal transcription, however, required the participation of another cellular protein that was characterized as profilin by a number of criteria. the amino acid sequence of the protein, purified on the basis of its transcription-optimizing activity in vitro, exactly matched that of profilin. rsv transcription was inhibited 60 to 80% by antiprofilin antibody o ... | 2000 | 10623728 |
| respiratory syncytial virus genetic and antigenic diversity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children in both developing and developed countries. there are two major antigenic groups of rsv, a and b, and additional antigenic variability occurs within the groups. the most extensive antigenic and genetic diversity is found in the attachment glycoprotein, g. during individual epidemic periods, viruses of both antigenic groups may cocirculate or viruses of one group may pre ... | 2000 | 10627488 |
| the outcome of 26 patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is known to cause acute lung injury in the immunocompromised host, especially recipients of bone marrow allografts. specific prognostic factors for the development of severe life-threatening disease remain to be identified as does the optimum treatment of established disease. over a 5-year period the incidence and outcome of rsv in bmt recipients was analysed retrospectively. prognostic factors assessed included type of transplant, engraftment status at the time ... | 1999 | 10627641 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and premature infants born at 32 weeks' gestation or earlier: hospitalization and economic implications of prophylaxis. | to assess the risk of hospitalization associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and to estimate the economic impact of rsv prophylaxis with either rsv immune globulin (rsv-ig) or rsv monoclonal antibody (palivizumab) on a cohort of preterm infants born at 32 weeks' gestation or earlier. | 2000 | 10632251 |
| update: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1998-1999 season. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. in temperate climates, rsv infections occur primarily during annual outbreaks, which peak during winter months . in the united states, rsv activity is monitored by the national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system (nrevss), a voluntary, laboratory-based system. this report summarizes trends in rsv activity reported to nrevss during july 1998 june 199 ... | 1999 | 10632299 |
| control of an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunocompromised adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen in immunocompromised adults, particularly those receiving bone marrow transplants, and, given the ease with which it spreads, represents a significant nosocomial problem. we describe an outbreak of rsv infection involving eight patients on a haematology/oncology ward which was controlled by early screening of patients and staff. positive patients were cohort nursed on a separate ward and basic infection control ... | 2000 | 10633054 |
| prenatal orogastric gene delivery results in transduction of the small bowel in the fetal rabbit. | gene therapy for meconium ileus, or other genetic diseases involving the gastrointestinal epithelium, may be possible with prenatal delivery of the cftr gene to the gastrointestinal tract. although minimally invasive techniques will probably be used for any future therapy of gastrointestinal disease, it is important to first test this strategy with a reliable animal model. | 1999 | 10640868 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess respiratory syncytial virus concentration and correlate results with inflammatory mediators in tracheal secretions. | we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the quantitation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in respiratory secretions in intubated patients infected with rsv. | 2000 | 10643842 |
| bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among american indian and alaska native children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness among infants and young children. respiratory system diseases account for a large proportion of hospitalizations in american indian and alaska native (ai/an) children; however, aggregate estimates of rsv-associated hospitalizations among ai/an children have not been made. | 2000 | 10643844 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and g and/or sh protein expression contribute to substance p, which mediates inflammation and enhanced pulmonary disease in balb/c mice. | a distinct clinical presentation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of humans is bronchiolitis, which has clinical features similar to those of asthma. substance p (sp), a tachykinin neuropeptide, has been associated with neurogenic inflammation and asthma; therefore, we chose to examine sp-induced inflammation with rsv infection. in this study, we examined the production of pulmonary sp associated with rsv infection of balb/c mice and the effect of anti-sp f(ab)(2) antibodies on the ... | 2000 | 10644330 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 profiles in children with pneumonia. | pneumonia is a common cause of hospitalization and is associated with high morbidity in children. tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin-6 (il-6) are primary mediators of inflammation, and have been implicated in a large number of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. the serum concentrations of tnf-alpha and il-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 27 patients with bacterial pneumonia (n = 12) or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumon ... | 1999 | 10650487 |
| simulfluor respiratory screen for rapid detection of multiple respiratory viruses in clinical specimens by immunofluorescence staining. | a new rapid direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) respiratory screen reagent for detection of seven common respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus [rsv], influenza a and b viruses, parainfluenza virus types 1 to 3, and adenovirus) was compared with standard single or dual dfa reagents and culture. in total, 1,531 respiratory samples were adequate for testing with both simulfluor respiratory screen (rs) reagent (chemicon international, temecula, calif.) and single or dual dfa reagents. t ... | 2000 | 10655371 |
| impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions. | while hospitalization rates have declined overall, hospitalizations for acute lower respiratory tract infections have increased steadily since 1980. development of new approaches for prevention of acute respiratory tract conditions requires studies of the etiologies of infections and quantification of the risk of hospitalization for vulnerable patients. | 2000 | 10659876 |
| [development of new approaches to standartization of enzyme immunoassay test systems for detection of antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus using electron microscopy and monoclonal antibodies]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), strain long, was purified through 20-60% sucrose gradient. the virions from different sucrose density zones were tested by elisa for reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (mab) to f- (mab 9c5) and n- (mab 8b10) proteins of rsv. comparative study of the same patterns of rsv by electron microscopy after negative staining showed a close relationship between the virion morphology and mab binding in elisa. mab 9c5 were highly reactive with the surface domains of bot ... | 1999 | 10665066 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infections and preventive options]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most prominent pathogen found in respiratory tract infections in children and the most important cause of bronchiolitis in the first two years of life. in the netherlands approximately 2000 children are admitted each winter season. a serious course is mostly seen in children younger than 3 months, (ex-)prematures, children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or congenital cardiac anomalies, children with cystic fibrosis younger then 2 years and children with ... | 2000 | 10665299 |
| [low incidence of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections among children younger than 12 months in the department of pediatrics, sophia children's hospital at rotterdam]. | to investigate the occurrence of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections and to compare their clinical features with those of community-acquired rsv infections. | 2000 | 10665300 |
| synthesis and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus protein g related peptides containing two disulfide bridges. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children. approximately 100000 children are hospitalized in the usa each year as a result of rsv infections. during the research and development of subunit human respiratory syncytial virus vaccines (hrsv), we have produced numerous synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins containing the four cysteines of the highly conserved central region of the g attachment protein. for s ... | 2000 | 10667858 |
| respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin treatment of lower respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation - a compassionate use experience. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia in bmt recipients carries a mortality rate of approximately 50-70% despite ribavirin (virazole) treatment. in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised animal models, rsv neutralizing antibodies rapidly reduce pulmonary virus load after a single dose. rsv-igiv (respigam) is an igg immune globulin with high concentrations of rsv neutralizing antibody (>19 200 mu/ml). from june 1991 to february 1996, a compassionate-use protocol using rsv-igiv for treat ... | 2000 | 10673674 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune globulin and palivizumab for prevention of rsv infection. | the efficacy, safety, administration, and advantages and disadvantages of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune globulin and palivizumab for preventing rsv infection are discussed. prevention of rsv infection has attracted considerable attention because of its dinical and economic impact. studies have shown respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous (rsv-igiv) and palivizumab to be effective in decreasing the number of hospitalizations and hospital days attributable to rsv. the n ... | 2000 | 10674778 |
| rapid detection of respiratory viruses by centrifugation enhanced cultures from children with acute lower respiratory tract infections. | acute respiratory tract infection (ari) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children in developing countries. information on viral aetiology in ari in india is very limited. | 2000 | 10680739 |
| purification of respiratory syncytial virus f and g proteins. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections of infants in industrial nations. in addition, the participation of rsv in the genesis of asthma is under discussion. the rsv glycoproteins f and g have key positions in the viral pathogenesis. at present no satisfactory protein purification protocols are available for these proteins. the methods published for the g protein using preparative sds-page or immunoaffinity chromatography yield o ... | 2000 | 10681046 |
| [antiviral and antibacterial actions of bingduqing granules in vitro]. | the antiviral and antibacterial actions in vitro of bingduqing granules which consists of nine kinds of chinese traditional medicinal herbs were observed. the results showed that the inhibitive concentrations of bingduqing granules for adv-7, rsv, hsv-1, and influenza virus a3, were >-6.9, 8.3, 13.8 and 83 mg x ml-1, respectively; while the minimum inhibitive concentrations for staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, type a and b streptococci, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were 0.03125, ... | 1998 | 10681846 |
| palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis. | palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, has been approved by the fda to prevent severe lower respiratory tract infections caused by rsv in high-risk patients. prophylaxis of rsv infections with palivizumab requires monthly injections (15 mg/kg) during the rsv season. in the impact-rsv study, hospitalizations resulting from rsv decreased by 55% in the palivizumab treatment group. palivizumab has also been shown to decrease the number of days with moderate or severe rsv infection, with an in ... | 1999 | 10690084 |
| nasal quantity of respiratory syncytical virus correlates with disease severity in hospitalized infants. | to evaluate the relationship between nasal quantity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and disease severity in hospitalized infants without underlying cardiopulmonary disease or immunodeficiency. | 2000 | 10693996 |
| prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus with respiratory syncytial virus-immunoglobulin intravenous among preterm infants of thirty-two weeks gestation and less: reduction in incidence, severity of illness and cost. | to determine the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis among preterm infants of < or =32 weeks gestation by comparing the severity of illness and cost of rsv-related care during the two winter seasons before (1994 to 1995, 1995 to 1996) with the two seasons after initiation of prophylaxis (1996 to 1997, 1997 to 1998). | 2000 | 10694001 |
| myocardial gene transfer by selective pressure-regulated retroinfusion of coronary veins. | catheter-based percutaneous transluminal gene delivery (ptgd) into the coronary artery still falls behind the expectations of an efficient myocardial gene delivery system. in this study gene delivery was applied by selective pressure-regulated retroinfusion through the coronary veins to prolong adhesion of replication defective adenovirus within the targeted myocardium. adenoviral vectors consisted either of luciferase (ad.rsv-luc) or beta-galactosidase (ad.rsv-betagal) reporter gene under contr ... | 2000 | 10694800 |
| significance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the 1st year of life. | in this study we investigated the frequency, symptoms and predisposing factors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection during the 1st year of life in infants with obstructive airway disease in comparison with infants without airway disease. | 2000 | 10697789 |
| paramyxovirus f1 protein has two fusion peptides: implications for the mechanism of membrane fusion. | viral fusion proteins contain a highly hydrophobic segment, named the fusion peptide, which is thought to be responsible for the merging of the cellular and viral membranes. paramyxoviruses are believed to contain a single fusion peptide at the n terminus of the f1 protein. however, here we identified an additional internal segment in the sendai virus f1 protein (amino acids 214-226) highly homologous to the fusion peptides of hiv-1 and rsv. a synthetic peptide, which includes this region, was f ... | 2000 | 10698638 |
| evaluation of the live attenuated cpts 248/404 rsv vaccine in combination with a subunit rsv vaccine (pfp-2) in healthy young and older adults. | the safety and immunogenicity of the live attenuated cold-passaged, temperature-sensitive (cpts) 248/404 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a2 and the rsv a2 purified f glycoprotein (pfp-2) vaccine candidates were evaluated in a placebo-controlled trial in 60 healthy young adults and 60 healthy elderly subjects using simultaneous and sequential (cpts 248/404 followed by pfp-2) vaccination schedules. both vaccines were well tolerated. the cpts 248/404 vaccine was moderately infectious in both youn ... | 2000 | 10699324 |
| inhibitory effect of ferulic acid and isoferulic acid on the production of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in raw264.7 cells. | we investigated the effect of ferulic acid (fa) and isoferulic acid (ifa), which are the main active components of the rhizoma of cimicifuga heracleifolia (ch), an anti-inflammatory drug used frequently in japanese traditional medicine, on the production of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (mir-2) in a murine macrophage cell line, raw264.7, in response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. following the exposure of cells to rsv for 20h, the mip-2 level in condition medium was increase ... | 1999 | 10704056 |
| adhesion molecule expression on epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory epithelium is both a target and an effector of airway inflammation. adhesion molecules on epithelium play an important role in a variety of airway diseases. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important pathogen for airway diseases in infants. the expression of adhesion molecules on epithelium in rsv infection, however, is unclear. the expression of selected adhesion molecules and major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and ii antigens on a human alveolar type ii epi ... | 2000 | 10706505 |
| palivizumab: an overview. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) affects almost all children in their first 2 years of life and can cause severe or even life-threatening disease in some at-risk infants. treatment is limited and there is currently no safe or effective vaccine. however, a new monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, reduces rsv hospitalization by 55% in at-risk groups if given prophylactically throughout the rsv season. | 1999 | 10707171 |
| bactericidal activity of a monocytic cell line (thp-1) against common respiratory tract bacterial pathogens is depressed after infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | non-typable haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are commonly isolated from patients during the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). earlier studies found that virus infection enhanced binding of bacterial respiratory pathogens to epithelial cells in vitro. the objective of the present study was to assess the effect of rsv infection of a human monocytic cell line on bactericidal activity and cytokine prod ... | 2000 | 10707942 |
| asymmetric subunit organization of heterodimeric rous sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase alphabeta: localization of the polymerase and rnase h active sites in the alpha subunit. | the genes encoding the alpha (63-kda) and beta (95-kda) subunits of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) reverse transcriptase (rt) or the entire pol polypeptide (99 kda) were mutated in the conserved aspartic acid residue asp 181 of the polymerase active site (ymdd) or in the conserved asp 505 residue of the rnase h active site. we have analyzed heterodimeric recombinant rsv alphabeta and alphapol rts within which one subunit was selectively mutated. when alphabeta heterodimers contained the asp 181-->asn ... | 2000 | 10708441 |
| a humanized monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (palivizumab) inhibits rsv-induced neurogenic-mediated inflammation in rat airways. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important respiratory pathogen in infancy and early childhood and may predispose to subsequent lower respiratory tract illness. recent data indicate that rsv up-regulates the substance p receptor, making the airways abnormally susceptible to the proinflammatory effects of this peptide released from sensory nerves. the present study was designed to determine whether the administration of rsv antibodies prevents the potentiation of neurogenic inflammat ... | 2000 | 10709734 |
| different expression of icam-1 and lfa-1 alpha by peripheral leukocytes during respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infection in young children. | we compared the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (icam)-1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen (lfa)-1 alpha (alpha) on the surfaces of peripheral immunocompetent cells of young children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus. flow cytometric analysis revealed a significantly higher percentage of cd14 + monocytes/macrophages that were strongly icam-1-positive in the influenza group than in age-matched controls, whereas the icam-1 expression levels ... | 2000 | 10716070 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection induces expression of the anti-apoptosis gene iex-1l in human respiratory epithelial cells. | by means of differential display reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, increased expression of the mrna encoding the anti-apoptosis gene iex-1l was found in respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). iex-1l mrna expression increased 5-7-fold in rsv-infected cells at 72 h after infection but remained unchanged in cells exposed to irradiated, replication-incompetent rsv. because iex-1l is reported to protect cells from apoptosis induced by tumor necros ... | 2000 | 10720500 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the imp dehydrogenase inhibitor vx-497: a comparison with ribavirin and demonstration of antiviral additivity with alpha interferon. | the enzyme imp dehydrogenase (impdh) catalyzes an essential step in the de novo biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides, namely, the conversion of imp to xmp. the major event occurring in cells exposed to competitive impdh inhibitors such as ribavirin or uncompetitive inhibitors such as mycophenolic acid (mpa) is a depletion of the intracellular gtp and dgtp pools. ribavirin is approved as an inhaled antiviral agent for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and orally, in combinat ... | 2000 | 10722482 |
| plasmid dna encoding the respiratory syncytial virus g protein is a promising vaccine candidate. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a major cause of severe respiratory diseases in infants, young children, and the elderly. however, development of a rsv vaccine has been hampered by the outcome of the infant trials in the 1960s with a formalin-inactivated rsv preparation. enhanced lung disease was induced by the vaccination post-rsv exposure. previous studies in mice primed with rsv g protein either formulated in adjuvants or delivered by recombinant vaccinia viruses have indicated that ... | 2000 | 10725198 |
| viral pneumonias. epidemic respiratory viruses. | influenza, respiratory syncytial, and parainfluenza viruses usually cause mild, self-limited illness in adults. however, elderly and immunocompromised persons are at increased risk for development of severe pneumonia. clinical and radiographic features of epidemic viral pneumonias are often nonspecific. newer and faster methods of viral culture and viral antigen detection have improved the capability for definitive diagnosis in recent years. preventive measures for influenza virus pneumonia cent ... | 2000 | 10728134 |
| caffeine in the treatment of apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates and infants. | the xanthines have been shown to be effective in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. limited reports are available in the literature concerning the use of these agents with apnea related to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. | 2000 | 10728517 |
| the interaction of neutrophils with respiratory epithelial cells in viral infection. | viral respiratory infection is very common. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects almost all children during the first 2 years of life. respiratory syncytial virus is the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis, which is strongly linked with asthma. however, the pathophysiology of rsv bronchiolitis is unclear. neutrophils are the predominant airway leucocytes in rsv bronchiolitis and other viral infections. neutrophils and their products are likely to play an important role in viral infection. ... | 2000 | 10728725 |
| cd4(+) t-cell-mediated antiviral protection of the upper respiratory tract in balb/c mice following parenteral immunization with a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus g protein fragment. | we analyzed the protective mechanisms induced against respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (rsv-a) infection in the lower and upper respiratory tracts (lrt and urt) of balb/c mice after intraperitoneal immunization with a recombinant fusion protein incorporating residues 130 to 230 of rsv-a g protein (bbg2na). mother-to-offspring antibody (ab) transfer and adoptive transfer of bbg2na-primed b cells into scid mice demonstrated that abs are important for lrt protection but have no effect on urt ... | 2000 | 10729118 |
| pulmonary function and exercise challenge test in thai children: 10 years post respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to report the occurrence of asthma, pulmonary function and exercise challenge test abnormalities found in thai children, who 10 years earlier had lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv-lri). | 1999 | 10730535 |
| a threshold level of gag expression is required for particle formation in rat cells transformed by avian retroviruses. | to test the hypothesis that the block of polyprotein precursor processing and particle formation in rsv-transformed mammalian cells is due to a low level of pr76gag expression, rat tumor cell lines with different amounts of precursor molecules were used. the wild-type forms of pr76gag have been expressed at a high level by use of sv40-based vector and thirty-two stable transfected cell clones were isolated. the gag protein expression was detected in the cell lysate by immunoblotting. untransfect ... | 1999 | 10732719 |
| the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus after co-formulation with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and recombinant interleukin-12. | the effects of recombinant interleukin-12 (ril-12) on immune responses generated by subunit vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated in balb/c mice. parenteral co-administration of ril-12 with f/aloh or f/pbs resulted in accelerated clearance of infectious virus from the lungs 4 days after challenge. the immune responses elicited by 0.03 microg of f protein plus 10 ng of ril-12 adsorbed to aloh were more efficacious than those induced by 3 microg of f protein co-formulated w ... | 2000 | 10733169 |
| lung surfactant protein a provides a route of entry for respiratory syncytial virus into host cells. | lung surfactant protein a (sp-a) has a central role in host defense mediated by the interaction of surface carbohydrates of inhaled pathogens with the lectin domains of sp-a. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most important viral pathogen of neonates and infants, encodes a highly glycosylated attachment protein, g. binding studies were performed with g-protein from rsv (human, a2 strain) and human sp-a. the effect of sp-a on the interaction between rsv and host cells was determined by two m ... | 2000 | 10733174 |
| nonmajor histocompatibility complex alloantigen effects on the fate of rous sarcomas. | rous sarcoma virus-induced tumor outcome is controlled by the mhc (b). additional data, using controlled segregation in families, has indicated non-mhc effects as well, but few studies have focused on blood groups other than the b complex. segregating combinations of genes encoding erythrocyte (ea) alloantigen systems a, c, d, e, h, i, p, and l in b2b5 and b5b5 mhc (b) backgrounds were examined for their effects on rous sarcomas. six-week-old chickens were inoculated in the wing-web with 30 pfu ... | 2000 | 10735200 |
| investigations on the aminoacid content of tumor associated antigens of rat sarcoma cells induced by virus. | in our previous work (alexandrov et al., 1996) was reported that the rat sarcoma cells induced by sr-rsv express two tumor associated antigens (taa). the one taa has a molecular weight of 52 kd and is detected by the help of a monoclonal antibody 2c2 only on the outer side of the plasma membrane of the sarcoma cells. the other antigen, with molecular weight of 28 kd, is expressed on the outher and inner side of the membrane. the antigens were isolated as a pure fraction by polyacrylamide electro ... | 1999 | 10738910 |
| eosinophils, ribonucleases and host defense: solving the puzzle. | the eosinophil ribonucleases eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn/rnase 2) and eosinophil cationic protein (ecp/rnase 3) are among the major secretory effector proteins of human eosinophilic leukocytes, cells whose role in host defense remains controversial and poorly understood. we have recently described the unusual manner in which this ribonuclease lineage has evolved, with extraordinary diversification observed in primate as well as in rodent edns and ecps. the results of our evolutionary stud ... | 1999 | 10741866 |
| clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b infections in santa fe, argentina. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has two major antigenic groups, a and b. the implications of these variants in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of rsv infection are not well defined. this study was undertaken to compare the two rsv subgroups in patients admitted to hospital. clinical and epidemiologic features of rsv subgroups in children under 30 months of age with proven rsv acute lower respiratory infections were examined during 4 winters from 1993 to 1996 in santa fe, argentina. rsv typin ... | 2000 | 10745236 |
| estimation of incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in schoolchildren using salivary antibodies. | an assay for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific igg in saliva is described. the assay was used to examine the incidence of rsv infection in schoolchildren 7-10 years old during one rsv season. one hundred and twenty-one volunteer children provided saliva samples in october 1997 and march 1998; 18% of the children showed a fourfold or greater rise in anti-rsv igg in the second sample. this prevalence of antibody increase is similar to that described in previous studies that measured cft l ... | 2000 | 10745237 |
| respiratory syncytial virus upper respiratory tract illnesses in adult blood and marrow transplant recipients: combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of serious respiratory illness in blood and marrow transplant (bmt) recipients. in some subsets of these immunocompromised patients, rsv upper respiratory illnesses frequently progress to fatal viral pneumonia. the frequency of progression to pneumonia is higher during the pre-engraftment than during the post-engraftment period. once pneumonia develops, the overall mortality is 60-80%, regardless of the treatment strategy. we performed a pi ... | 2000 | 10745261 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of human respiratory epithelial cells enhances both muscarinic and beta2-adrenergic receptor gene expression. | the possible changes in transcriptional activities of the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (machr) and beta2-adrenergic receptor (ar) genes in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected human type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (a549 cells) were analyzed semiquantitatively by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). rsv enhanced m1 machr gene expression significantly at 4 hrs post infection (p.i.), and this enhancement persisted until 10 hrs, after peaking at 7 hrs. beta2-ar ge ... | 1999 | 10749375 |
| ct manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus infection in lung transplant recipients. | the purpose of our study was to evaluate ct findings during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in lung transplant recipients and to identify sequelae. | 2000 | 10752884 |
| paramyxoviridae use distinct virus-specific mechanisms to circumvent the interferon response. | stat1 and stat2 are cellular transcription factors involved in interferon (ifn) signaling and are thus critical for the ifn-induced antiviral state. we have previously shown that the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) blocks both type i and type ii interferon (ifn) signaling by targeting stat1 for proteasome-mediated degradation. to determine whether this is a feature common to all paramyxoviridae, we examined the abilities of sv5, sendai virus (sev), human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and ... | 2000 | 10753717 |
| surfactant function affected by airway inflammation and cooling: possible impact on exercise-induced asthma. | pulmonary surfactant maintains patency of narrow conducting airways. an inflammation, with a leakage of plasma proteins into the airway lumen, causes surfactant to lose some of this ability. will a lowering of temperature aggravate the deteriorating effect of an inflammation? calf lung surfactant extract (clse) with proteins added was studied with a capillary surfactometer (cs) at temperatures of 25-42 degrees c. balb/c mice were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). six days later th ... | 2000 | 10759448 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by 24-well plate precentrifugation assay using a monoclonal antibody against f protein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for 50% of all bronchiolitis and 25% of pneumonia cases during the first month of life. detection of the rsv antigen by immunofluorescence in exfoliated nasal epithelium or by other methods in nasopharyngeal swabs is useful in the potentially infected patient because results are available within a few hours. in contrast, rsv antigen detection in cell culture may require as much as 3 weeks. | 2000 | 10767488 |
| prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in premature infants. impact-rsv study group. | | 2000 | 10768456 |
| use of cotton rats to evaluate the efficacy of antivirals in treatment of measles virus infections. | no practical animal models for the testing of chemotherapeutic or biologic agents identified in cell culture assays as being active against measles virus (mv) are currently available. cotton rats may serve this purpose. to evaluate this possibility, 5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (eicar) and poly(acrylamidomethyl propanesulfonate) (pamps), two compounds that have been reported to inhibit mv in vitro, and ribavirin, an established antiviral drug with mv-inhibitory activit ... | 2000 | 10770743 |
| lower airway disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. most infections due to rsv are mild and do not require hospitalization. rsv causes both upper respiratory tract infections as well as lower respiratory tract infections. infants with underlying disease states like bronchopulmonary dyslasia, congenital heart disease and prematurity appear more prone to develop severe infection and have a higher incidence of hospitalization. ... | 1998 | 10771985 |
| subgroup determination of respiratory syncytial virus by rt-pcr. | pcr optimization for differentiation of rsv subgroup a (rt-pcr-1) and rsv subgroup b (rt-pcr-2) were developed. various conditions of rt-pcr-1 and rt-pcr-2 were summarized. these methods are highly specific and sensitive to differentiate rsv subgroup a and rsv subgroup b from the other respiratory viruses. | 1998 | 10772559 |
| influence of live respiratory syncytial virus priming on the immune response generated by a recombinant vaccine candidate, bbg2na. | respiratory syncytial virus is one of the major respiratory pathogens for infants and immunocompromized children. with the exception of young children, all the population has encountered rsv and is seropositive. recent reports have demonstrated however that the virus also affects the elderly and represents a major cause of illness associated with an excess of morbidity and mortality. we have generated a recombinant rsv vaccine, bbg2na, which is highly protective in rodents against rsv infection. ... | 2000 | 10781850 |
| effective mucosal immunization against respiratory syncytial virus using purified f protein and a genetically detoxified cholera holotoxin, ct-e29h. | we exploited the powerful adjuvant properties of cholera holotoxin (ct) to create a mucosally administered subunit vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). a genetically detoxified mutant ct with an e to h substitution at amino acid 29 of the ct-a1 subunit (ct-e29h) was compared to wild type ct for toxicity and potential use as an intranasal (in) adjuvant for the natural fusion (f) protein of rsv. when compared to ct the results demonstrated that: (1) ct-e29h binding to gm1 ganglioside ... | 2000 | 10781860 |
| influence of administration dose and route on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bbg2na, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine candidate. | the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bbg2na, a novel recombinant respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine candidate, was assessed in balb/c mice under various conditions of dose, administration route and number of immunisations. a single intra-peritoneal (i.p.) dose of 2 microg, or two doses of 0.2 microg, were sufficient to induce elevated rsv-a serum antibodies and sterilising lung protective immunity. serum antibody titres were significantly boosted following second immunisations, ... | 2000 | 10781861 |
| partial protection to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) elicited in mice by intranasal immunization using live staphylococci with surface-displayed rsv-peptides. | a live bacterial vaccine-delivery system based on the food-grade bacterium staphylococcus carnosus was used for delivery of peptides from the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus, subtype a (rsv-a). three peptides, corresponding to the g protein amino acids, 144-159 (denoted g5), 190-203 (g9) and 171-188 (g4 s), the latter with four cysteine residues substituted for serines, were expressed by recombinant means as surface-exposed on three different bacteria, and their surface acces ... | 2000 | 10781862 |
| rsv not the common cold. signs & symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus. | | 2000 | 10787856 |
| novel anti-rsv dianionic dendrimer-like compounds: design, synthesis and biological evaluation. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is considered to be the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. rsv is also a common pathogen in immunocompromised adults and in the elderly. rsv infection can be epidemic and is evident worldwide. ribavirin, a small molecule agent, and synagis, a monoclonal neutralizing antibody, are the only approved drugs for treatment and prevention of rsv in high-risk patients. this review is focused on a group of novel and spec ... | 2000 | 10788595 |
| ecp level in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum from children with respiratory virus infections and asthmatic children. | infection with respiratory virus has been shown to exacerbate asthma in humans. however, the role of a respiratory virus in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma and/or wheezing in young children has not been clearly defined. it has also been debated whether virus-induced wheezing in young children is one entity and allergic asthma another, or whether they are different expressions of the same disease. the present study was done to compare ecp concentrations in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum f ... | 2000 | 10791110 |
| [acute bronchiolitis in infants]. | bronchiolitis is the most common disease of the respiratory tract during the first year of life, and occurs in annual epidemics in winter. the etiology is viral, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the commonest agent. respiratory symptoms remain generally mild, and treatment just supportive and at home. certain infants are at high risk of severe illness (age less than 3 months, preterm birth, neonatal respiratory disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, underlying chronic diseases), and requir ... | 2000 | 10793943 |
| ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of pneumonia in infants. ribavirin is the only antiviral therapy available against rsv. the objective of this review was to assess the effects of aerosolized ribavirin for infants with rsv lower respiratory tract infection. | 2000 | 10796503 |
| immunoglobulin for preventing respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus, the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children in industrialized countries, is associated with increased morbidity in premature infants with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia as well as those with congenital heart disease. because of observations that lower rates of disease occur immediately after birth, presumably due to vertical transmission of maternal antibody, and animal studies where protection from pneumonia wa ... | 2000 | 10796658 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: changes in prevalence of subgroups a and b among argentinian children, 1990-1996. | the frequency of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the distribution of subgroups a and b strains during 7 consecutive years (1990-1996) were examined in two cities of argentina. nasopharyngeal aspirates from 1,304 children less than 2 years of age hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection were studied by indirect immunofluorescence. rsv was detected in 352 cases (26.9%), and the peak activity was observed in midwinter. subgroup characterization was performed with two monoclonal ant ... | 2000 | 10797385 |
| blood culture and respiratory syncytial virus identification in acute lower respiratory tract infection. | even though the incidence of pneumonia in developed and developing countries is similar, the mortality is five times higher in developing countries. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteremia in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) and relative contribution of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). one hundred and one children under five years of age who attended a primary care level clinic with diagnosis of acute lrti, were enrolled. diagnosis and management ... | 1999 | 10798147 |