| historic accounts of mansonella parasitaemias in the south pacific and their relevance to lymphatic filariasis elimination efforts today. | there are two species of filarial parasites with sheathless microfilariae known to commonly cause parasitaemias in humans: mansonella perstans and mansonella ozzardi. in most contemporary accounts of the distribution of these parasites, neither is usually considered to occur anywhere in the eastern hemisphere. however, sir patrick manson, who first described both parasite species, recorded the existence of sheathless sharp-tailed mansonella ozzardi-like parasites occurring in the blood of native ... | 2016 | 26972389 |
| filariasis attenuates anemia and proinflammatory responses associated with clinical malaria: a matched prospective study in children and young adults. | wuchereria bancrofti (wb) and mansonella perstans (mp) are blood-borne filarial parasites that are endemic in many countries of africa, including mali. the geographic distribution of wb and mp overlaps considerably with that of malaria, and coinfection is common. although chronic filarial infection has been shown to alter immune responses to malaria parasites, its effect on clinical and immunologic responses in acute malaria is unknown. | 2012 | 23133692 |
| macrophage-derived human resistin is induced in multiple helminth infections and promotes inflammatory monocytes and increased parasite burden. | parasitic helminth infections can be associated with lifelong morbidity such as immune-mediated organ failure. a better understanding of the host immune response to helminths could provide new avenues to promote parasite clearance and/or alleviate infection-associated morbidity. murine resistin-like molecules (relm) exhibit pleiotropic functions following helminth infection including modulating the host immune response; however, the relevance of human relm proteins in helminth infection is unkno ... | 2015 | 25568944 |
| colorimetric tests for diagnosis of filarial infection and vector surveillance using non-instrumented nucleic acid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (nina-lamp). | accurate detection of filarial parasites in humans is essential for the implementation and evaluation of mass drug administration programs to control onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. determining the infection levels in vector populations is also important for assessing transmission, deciding when drug treatments may be terminated and for monitoring recrudescence. immunological methods to detect infection in humans are available, however, cross-reactivity issues have been reported. nuclei ... | 2017 | 28199317 |
| killing filarial nematode parasites: role of treatment options and host immune response. | there is compelling evidence that not only do anti-filarials significantly reduce larval forms, but that host immune responses also contribute to the clearance of filarial parasites; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. | 2016 | 27716412 |
| more progress in eliminating transmission of onchocerca volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti in the americas: a portent of global eradication. | | 2015 | 26503272 |
| rapid point-of-contact tool for mapping and integrated surveillance of wuchereria bancrofti and onchocerca volvulus infection. | elimination programs for wuchereria bancrofti and onchocerca volvulus are in critical need of sensitive, specific, and point-of-contact (poc) tools that can be used for surveillance years beyond cessation of mass drug administration when infection intensities are low. previously, wb123 and ov16 were identified individually as potential filarial antigens for an antibody-based poc test. the present study compares single-antigen wb123- and ov16-based poc tests with an integrated configuration to de ... | 2015 | 26018537 |
| integration of multiplex bead assays for parasitic diseases into a national, population-based serosurvey of women 15-39 years of age in cambodia. | collection of surveillance data is essential for monitoring and evaluation of public health programs. integrated collection of household-based health data, now routinely carried out in many countries through demographic health surveys and multiple indicator surveys, provides critical measures of progress in health delivery. in contrast, biomarker surveys typically focus on single or related measures of malaria infection, hiv status, vaccination coverage, or immunity status for vaccine-preventabl ... | 2016 | 27136913 |
| impact of polyparasitic infections on anemia and undernutrition among kenyan children living in a schistosoma haematobium-endemic area. | we measured prevalence of schistosoma haematobium, wuchereria bancrofti, plasmodium falciparum, hookworm, and other geohelminths among school-aged children in four endemic villages in kwale county, kenya and explored the relationship between multiparasite burden, undernutrition, and anemia. in 2009-2010 surveys, cross-sectional data were obtained for 2,030 children 5-18 years old. infections were most prevalent for s. haematobium (25-62%), hookworm (11-28%), and falciparum malaria (8-24%). over ... | 2013 | 23324217 |
| diversity of anopheles species and trophic behavior of putative malaria vectors in two malaria endemic areas of northwestern thailand. | we determined the species diversity, blood-feeding behavior, and host preference of anopheles mosquitoes in two malaria endemic areas of tak (mae sot district) and mae hong son (sop moei district) provinces, located along the thai border with myanmar, during a consecutive two-year period. anopheline mosquitoes were collected using indoor and outdoor human-landing captures and outdoor cow-baited collections. mosquitoes were initially identified using morphological characters, followed by the appr ... | 2014 | 25424272 |
| rhizome extracts of curcuma zedoaria rosc induce caspase dependant apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species in filarial parasite setaria digitata in vitro. | human lymphatic filariasis (lf) is mainly caused by filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti and is the second leading cause of long term and permanent disability in tropical countries. to date, incapability to eliminate long lived adult parasites by current drugs remains the major challenge in the elimination of lf. hence, in the current study, the efficacy of rhizome extracts of curcuma zedoaria (a plant traditionally used in sri lanka in the management of lf) was evaluated as an effective filar ... | 2016 | 27174667 |
| setaria digitata in advancing our knowledge of human lymphatic filariasis. | setaria digitata is a filarial parasite that causes fatal cerebrospinal nematodiasis in goats, sheep and horses, resulting in substantial economic losses in animal husbandry in the tropics. due to its close resemblance to wuchereria bancrofti, this nematode is also frequently used as a model organism to study human lymphatic filariasis. this review highlights numerous insights into the morphological, histological, biochemical, immunological and genetic aspects of s. digitata that have broadened ... | 2016 | 25924635 |
| in silico characterization of a rna binding protein of cattle filarial parasite setaria digitata. | human lymphatic filariasis (hlf) is a neglected tropical disease which threatens nearly 1.4 billion people in 73 countries worldwide. wuchereria bancrofti is the major causative agent of hlf and it closely resembles cattle filarial parasite setaria digitata. due to difficulties in procuring w. bancrofti parasite material, s. digitata cdna library has been constructed to identify novel drug targets against hlf and many of the cdna sequences are yet to be assigned structure and function. in this s ... | 2014 | 25258487 |
| microfilaria in pleural fluid cytology: a rare finding. | lymphatic filariasis is endemic in india and southeast asia. detection of microfilaria is infrequently reported during cytological evaluation of various lesions or body cavity fluids. presence of microfilaria in pleural fluid cytology is very rare finding even in endemic areas. few cases of accidental finding of microfilaria have been reported in association with malignant pleural effusion. but pleural effusion of filarial origin is extremely rare manifestation. here we report a classical case o ... | 2017 | 28367033 |
| probing intermolecular interactions in a diethylcarbamazine citrate salt by fast mas (1)h solid-state nmr spectroscopy and gipaw calculations. | fast magic-angle spinning (mas) nmr is used to probe intermolecular interactions in a diethylcarbamazine salt, that is widely used as a treatment against adult worms of wuchereria bancrofti which cause a common disease in tropical countries named filariasis. specifically, a dihydrogen citrate salt that has improved thermal stability and solubility as compared to the free form is studied. one-dimensional (1)h, (13)c and (15)n and two-dimensional (1)h-(13)c and (14)n-(1)h heteronuclear correlation ... | 2017 | 28342733 |
| assessment of lymphatic filariasis prior to re-starting mass drug administration campaigns in coastal kenya. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a debilitating disease associated with extensive disfigurement and is one of a diverse group of diseases referred to as neglected tropical diseases (ntds) which mainly occur among the poorest populations. in line with global recommendations to eliminate lf, kenya launched its lf elimination programme in 2002 with the aim to implement annual mass drug administration (mda) in order to interrupt lf transmission. however, the programme faced financial and administrative ... | 2017 | 28228160 |
| filarial abscess: aspiration of adult gravid female worm from submandibular region, an unusual presentation. | microfilaria is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries and is an endemic problem in india. wuchereria bancrofti is the most common filarial infection. in some cases, microfilariae and adult filarial worm have been incidentally detected in fine-needle aspirates of various lesions; detection of microfilaria from subcutaneous site or from abscess site is even rarer. we here report an unusual case of bancroftian microfilariasis in a 68-year-old female coming from endemic ... | 2017 | 28182103 |
| a novel ligand of toll- like receptor 4 from the sheath of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria induces proinflammatory response in macrophages. | | 2017 | 28170041 |
| molecular xenomonitoring (mx) and transmission assessment survey (tas) of lymphatic filariasis elimination in two villages, menoufyia governorate, egypt. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is focally endemic in egypt where the female mosquito, culex pipiens, is responsible for its transmission. the aim of the study was to investigate the impact of implementation of the 13th round of mda in two egyptian villages in the menoufyia governorate area after failing the transmission assessment survey (tas) in 2005 using two methods, and to decide whether it is safe to stop mda in these, as well as in similar implementation units (ius). to achieve this aim, both t ... | 2017 | 28155014 |
| molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of wuchereria bancrofti from human blood samples in egypt. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a serious vector-borne health problem, and wuchereria bancrofti (w.b) is the major cause of lf worldwide and is focally endemic in egypt. identification of filarial infection using traditional morphologic and immunological criteria can be difficult and lead to misdiagnosis. the aim of the present study was molecular detection of w.b in residents in endemic areas in egypt, sequence variance analysis, and phylogenetic analysis of w.b dna. collected blood samples from r ... | 2017 | 28120100 |
| scope of detectability of circulating antigens of human lymphatic filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti with smaller amount of serum by og4c3 assay: its application in lymphatic filariasis elimination programme. | filarial antigen detection is an appropriate epidemiological indicator for mapping lymphatic filariasis and impact evaluation of filariasis elimination programme in view of low sensitivity of parasite detection. monoclonal antibody-based og4c3 immunological test requires 100 µl serum, which is difficult to collect by finger prick method during community based surveys. hence, we tested lesser volume of serum compared to standard volume of 100 µl to compare its sensitivity and specificity in detec ... | 2016 | 27876997 |
| does 24bp duplication of human chit1 gene (chitotriosidase1) predispose to filarial chyluria? a case-control study. | chyluria which is endemic in many parts of the world is mainly caused by wuchereria bancrofti. chit1 (chitotriosidase) is produced by macrophages and plays an important role in the defense against chitin containing pathogen such as filarial parasite. variation in the coding region with 24 bp duplication allele results in reduced chit1 activity that enhance the survival of parasite which may play a role in the occurrence of disease. | 2016 | 27790506 |
| effect of wuchereria bancrofti infection on hiv incidence in southwest tanzania: a prospective cohort study. | the past decades have seen an ongoing controversial debate about whether the immune activation induced by helminths has an effect on the susceptibility of individuals to hiv. in view of this, we assessed the effect of lymphatic filariasis, a chronic helminth disease elicited by wuchereria bancrofti, on hiv incidence in southwest tanzania. | 2016 | 27495354 |
| hematuria without chyluria: it could still be due to filarial etiology. | there are few reports of "microfilaria in the urine." we report an elderly woman with gross hematuria who was being investigated for urinary tract tuberculosis. three consecutive urine samples showed microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti. however, she did not have chyluria. treatment with diethylcarbamazine cleared up the hematuria within 3 days. chyluria, hematuria, and hematochyluria are problems of bancroftian filariasis reported worldwide. the literature review was made to present a simplifie ... | 2017 | 27722105 |
| wuchereria bancrofti: unusual presentation as pancytopenia. | wuchereria bancrofti is an endemic filarial nematode spread by a mosquito vector. the clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic microfilaremeia to lymhoedema. we report two cases of microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in bone marrow presenting as peripheral pancytopenia. the patient did not have any classical features of lymphoedema or elephantiasis. the diagnostic demonstration of microfilaria with unusual presentations has been done in cytology specimens from various sites. microfilaria ... | 2016 | 27630856 |
| filarial orchitis due to wuchereria bancrofti masquerading as testicular neoplasm. | | 2016 | 27582521 |
| burden of lymphatic filariasis morbidity in an area of low endemicity in brazil. | the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis has two main components: interrupting transmission of lymphatic filariasis (lf) and managing morbidity and preventing disability. however, interventions to prevent and manage lf-related disabilities in endemic communities have been of limited extent. the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of morbidity and its correlation with filarial infection, thereby filling a gap that existed regarding the data on morbidity in brazil. prese ... | 2016 | 27427218 |
| mapping is a prerequisite for elimination of filariasis and effective targeting of filarial 'hot spots'. | this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of filarial infection in the districts of madhya pradesh, which were classified as non-endemic by the national program for control of filariasis. these districts showed evidence of clinical symptoms related to filariasis. to confirm the presence of filariasis, night blood surveys and entomological surveys were carried out to detect microfilaria in humans and filarial infection in vectors. | 2017 | 27413817 |
| mosquito identification and molecular xenomonitoring of lymphatic filariasis in selected endemic areas in giza and qualioubiya governorates, egypt. | lymphatic filariasis is a vector-borne health problem that has been focally endemic in egypt for centuries. the chief vectors of transmission are culicinae species. control measures in the form of mass drug administration of dec citrate treatment have been implemented in nile delta for almost a decade. this study aimed to identify the prevalent mosquito species in endemic areas in giza and qualioubiya governorates and to monitor wuchereria bancrofti infection by detecting the parasite dna in col ... | 2016 | 27363044 |
| a rare case of ovarian filariasis in abidjan. | ovarian filariasis is an exceptional disease and displays a major diagnostic problem even in endemic areas. we reported the case of a 19-year-old patient who had ovarian cyst which was revealed by chronic pelvic pain. the histological examination of oophorectomy specimen led to the wuchereria bancrofti filariasis of the ovary. the anatomopathologic examination is required for the diagnosis of this disease. | 2016 | 27313932 |
| familial aggregation and heritability of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | the familial recurrence risk of lymphatic filariasis (lf) is unknown. this case study aimed to evaluate the familial susceptibility to infection with wuchereria bancrofti and to microfilaremia in a village of the republic of congo. | 2016 | 27230098 |
| microfilariae, a common parasite in an unusual site: a case report with literature review. | filariasis is common in tropical countries. wuchereria bancrofti is the most common parasite which causes lymphatic filariasis in india. this paper reports the finding of microfilariae in cervicovaginal smear of a 61-year-old post menopausal woman with a brief review of literature. there are limited numbers of reports describing the presence of microfilariae in the cervicovaginal smears and even rarely as an incidental finding. it is very important to keep in mind and screen for microfilariae in ... | 2016 | 27190816 |
| assessing drivers of the igg4 antibody reactivity to recombinant antigen bm14 in wuchereria bancrofti endemic populations in east africa. | a high proportion of the human population in lymphatic filariasis (lf) endemic areas is positive for filarial specific igg4 antibodies, including many individuals without microfilariae (mf; circulating larvae in the human blood) or circulating filarial antigens (cfa; marker of adult worm infection). the antibodies are commonly regarded as markers of infection and/or exposure to filarial larvae, but a direct association between the antibodies and these indices has not been well documented. the pr ... | 2016 | 27172877 |
| microfilariae in a bone marrow aspirate. | filariasis is a common cause of morbidity in certain parts of india, especially in the coastal districts. repeated episodes of fever with chills and rigor, lymphadenopathy are the initial manifestations which gradually progress to elephantiasis. wuchereria bancrofti is the most common parasite causing lymphatic filariasis in india. detecting microfilaria in peripheral blood with or without diethylcarbamazine citrate provocation is the common diagnostic modality in suspected cases. however microf ... | 2016 | 27142269 |
| an alternative strategy to generate coding sequence of macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 of wuchereria bancrofti. | different developmental stages of wuchereria bancrofti, the major causal organism of lymphatic filariasis (lf), are difficult to obtain. beside this limitation, to obtain complete coding sequence (cds) of a gene one has to isolate mrna and perform subsequent cdna synthesis which is laborious and not successful at times. in this study, an alternative strategy employing polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was optimized and validated, to generate cds of macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 (wbmif-2 ... | 2016 | 27121522 |
| c-cinnamoyl glycosides as a new class of anti-filarial agents. | a series of c-cinnamoyl glycosides has been synthesized in good yield by the bf3·oet2 catalyzed aldol condensation of c-glycosylated acetone derivative with a variety of aromatic aldehydes. the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential as anti-filarial agents against bovine filarial parasite setaria cervi and human filariid wuchereria bancrofti using a number of biological assays such as relative movability (rm) assessment and mtt reduction assay. among twenty seven test compounds ... | 2016 | 27015610 |
| unusual presentation of filariasis as an abscess: a case report. | bancroftian filariasis, a tropical and subtropical disease caused by wuchereria bancrofti, is transmitted by the culex mosquito. the disease is conventionally diagnosed by the demonstration of microfilaria in peripheral blood smear. microfilaria and adult filarial worms have been incidentally detected in fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) in various locations. the disease may be missed if one is not aware of the possibility, particularly in cases where eosinophilia is absent. therefore, clin ... | 2017 | 27011444 |
| molecular xenomonitoring of wuchereria bancrofti in culex quinquefasciatus from an endemic area: comparison of two dna extraction methods for realtime pcr assay. | | 2016 | 27004582 |
| an unusual presentation of filariasis in a nonendemic country. | filariasis is an endemic disease with worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. it is uncommon in qatar. the conventional diagnostic procedure is the demonstration of microfilaria in blood smears. even with its high incidence, it is unusual to detect microfilaria in fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) smears. although the 'filarial dance sign' is rarely documented, it remains a classical ultrasonographic sign in lymphatic filariasis. | 2015 | 26865993 |
| robotic surgery for treatment of chyluria. | chyle is a milky lymphatic fluid that is normally formed in the small intestine to aid in the absorption of dietary fats. occasionally, chyle leaks into the kidney, ureter, or bladder, which results in chyluria. chyluria is most commonly caused by the parasite wuchereria bancrofti and is therefore extremely rare in the usa. the use of robotic surgery for treatment has been suggested as a viable option, but has not been thoroughly reported in the literature. this article reviews the literature on ... | 2016 | 26861449 |
| population genomics of the filarial nematode parasite wuchereria bancrofti from mosquitoes. | wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic nematode and the primary cause of lymphatic filariasis--a disease specific to humans. w. bancrofti currently infects over 90 million people throughout the tropics and has been acknowledged by the world health organization as a vulnerable parasite. current research has focused primarily on the clinical manifestations of disease and little is known about the evolutionary history of w. bancrofti. to improve upon knowledge of the evolutionary history of w. bancrof ... | 2016 | 26850696 |
| is there a risk of filarial infection during long-term missions in haiti? | haiti has the highest prevalence of lymphatic filariasis (wuchereria bancrofti) in the western hemisphere. still, the risk of filarial infection for long-term visitors such as humanitarian aid workers or military personnel is uncertain. the presented study analyzed the exposure to w. bancrofti in chilean participants of the un stabilization mission in haiti (minustah) in 2011. | 2017 | 26750186 |
| microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in plasma cell myeloma: a case report. | | 2015 | 26714518 |
| wuchereria bancrofti infection in rural tropical guinea savannah communities: rapid epidemiological assessment using immunochromatographic card test and prevalence of hydrocoele. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) caused by the nematode wuchereria bancrofti is a major public health concern in endemic communities worldwide. among tropical diseases it is second to malaria in terms of disability adjusted life years. the nigerian lf elimination programme has been slated for 2015. currently, there is paucity of published data on the problem in rural ebonyi state. this survey was conducted in six rural communities of southwestern ebonyi state to assess its prevalence among the populati ... | 2015 | 26691265 |
| enhanced efficacy of sequential administration of albendazole for the clearance of wuchereria bancrofti infection: double blind rct. | till today, there is no effective treatment protocol for the complete clearance of wuchereria bancrofti (w.b) infection that causes secondary lymphoedema. in a double blind randomized control trial (rct), 146 asymptomatic w. b infected individuals were randomly assigned to one of the four regimens for 12 days, dec 300 mg + doxycycline 100 mg coadministration or dec 300 mg + albendazole 400 mg co-administration or dec 300 mg + albendazole 400 mg sequential administration or control regimen dec 30 ... | 2015 | 26691247 |
| cytological diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis presented as a subcutaneous swelling in the cubital fossa: an unusual presentation. | filariasis is a disabling parasitic disease and the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti is quite high in india. however, w. bancrofti presenting as a subcutaneous swelling and a demonstration of microfilariae in cytological smears from upper extremity lesions is extremely rare. we report a case of 20-year-old male who presented with a small subcutaneous swelling near medial aspect of the left cubital fossa. the wet mount preparation showed many motile microfilariae. ... | 2015 | 26634138 |
| filarial hydropneumothorax: a strange journey. | filarial infection can have varied manifestations, but hydropneumothorax at presentation has not yet been reported. a 28-year-old man presented to our hospital with heaviness of the left chest for the past 10 days, which was preceded by a sudden, short stabbing pain in the left chest after straining. chest x-ray revealed left-sided hydropneumothorax. a peripheral blood picture revealed significant eosinophilia. a pleural fluid report also showed eosinophilia and a few motile microfilaria of wuch ... | 2015 | 26604240 |
| breast filariasis or inflammatory breast carcinoma? reaching a diagnosis. | lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasite wuchereria bancrofti. involvement of the breast is relatively uncommon and may affect only 10% of individuals with lymphatic filariasis. we present a case of an elderly woman with breast pathology. the condition clinically appeared as a malignancy. routine diagnostic tests including tissue histopathological studies failed to clinch a diagnosis. however, a serological test helped in identifying the pathology, which turned ... | 2015 | 26567240 |
| modelling the distribution and transmission intensity of lymphatic filariasis in sub-saharan africa prior to scaling up interventions: integrated use of geostatistical and mathematical modelling. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is one of the neglected tropical diseases targeted for global elimination. the ability to interrupt transmission is, partly, influenced by the underlying intensity of transmission and its geographical variation. this information can also help guide the design of targeted surveillance activities. the present study uses a combination of geostatistical and mathematical modelling to predict the prevalence and transmission intensity of lf prior to the implementation of large ... | 2015 | 26496983 |
| efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of coadministered diethylcarbamazine, albendazole, and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis. | available treatments for lymphatic filariasis (lf) are limited in their longterm clearance of microfilaria from the blood. the safety and efficacy of a single-dose triple-drug therapy of the antifilarial drugs diethylcarbamazine (dec), ivermectin (ivm), and albendazole (alb) for lf are unknown. | 2016 | 26486704 |
| seasonal prevalence and blood meal analysis of filarial vector culex quinquefasciatus in coastal areas of digha, west bengal, india. | filariasis is one of the major vector-borne diseases causing serious health problem in the tropics and subtropics. the coastal areas of digha are known to be a filariasis prone region of west bengal, india. the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti is transmitted by culex quinquefasciatus, the established filarial vector in west bengal, india. the present work was aimed to determine the abundance of different mosquito species; and the frequency, distribution and blood meal analysis of cx. quinq ... | 2015 | 26418657 |
| microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti in assam, northeast india. | wuchereria bancrofti has shown nocturnal periodicity in india and other endemic countries of the world except pacific regions where non-periodic or diurnal sub-periodic forms have been reported. presence of sub-periodic form of w. bancrofti in andaman and nicobar islands, india and a case report of sub- periodic form of w. bancrofti from mysore, india provide basis for exploring the periodicity pattern of microfilaria of w. bancrofti prevalent in assam, northeastern region of india. state of ass ... | 2015 | 26418650 |
| recurrent hemorrhagic pericardial effusion and tamponade due to filariasis successfully treated with ivermectin and albendazole. | filariasis presenting with pericardial effusion with tamponade is rare. we report a case of a 30-year-old female who was admitted with severe dyspnea and chest pain since 2 days. echocardiogram showed massive pericardial effusion with tamponade. pericardial fluid aspiration drained 1.2 l of hemorrhagic fluid. cytology examination revealed microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti. she was treated with diethyl carbamazine and discharged. six weeks later, she presented again with massive pericardial ef ... | 2017 | 26240733 |
| chyluria: a scourge of our region. | chyluria is endemic in the gangetic belt of india with an average of 90 cases treated annually at our institute. it is almost exclusively caused by wuchereria bancrofti in tropical areas. chylomicrons and triglycerides are lost in the urine from an abnormal lymphourinary fistula due to obstructive lymphatic stasis, most commonly at the renal pelvis. it is a distressingly recurrent condition with multiple exacerbations and remissions over years. severe weakness, weight loss and haematuria occur i ... | 2015 | 26150622 |
| epidemiology of elephantiasis with special emphasis on podoconiosis in ethiopia: a literature review. | elephantiasis is a symptom of a variety of diseases that is characterized by the thickening of the skin and underlying tissues, especially in the legs, male genitals and female breasts. some conditions having this symptom include: elephantiasis nostras, due to longstanding chronic lymphangitis; elephantiasis tropica or lymphatic filariasis, caused by a number of parasitic worms, particularly wuchereria bancrofti; non-filarial elephantiasis or podoconiosis, an immune disease caused by heavy metal ... | 2015 | 26119541 |
| refractory chyluria due to filariasis. | | 2015 | 26048257 |
| a systematic study on structure and function of atpase of wuchereria bancrofti. | analyzing the structures and functions of different proteins of wuchereria bancrofti is very important because till date no effective drug or vaccine has been discovered to treat lymphatic filariasis (lf). atpase is one of the most important proteins of wuchereria bancrofti. adenosine triphosphate (atp) converts into adenosine diphosphate (adp) and a free phosphate ion by the action of these atpase enzymes. energy releases from these dephosphorylation reactions drive the other chemical reactions ... | 2017 | 25948965 |
| randomised controlled clinical trial of increased dose and frequency of albendazole and ivermectin on wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial clearance in northern malawi. | in africa, albendazole and ivermectin are currently used in combination for annual mass drug administration (mda) for lymphatic filariasis (lf) elimination. rapid and sustained clearance is desirable for public health impact and elimination of lf. increasing the dose and/or frequency of albendazole and ivermectin treatment may be more effective in clearing microfilariae than standard mda. | 2015 | 25877874 |
| a randomized controlled trial of increased dose and frequency of albendazole with standard dose dec for treatment of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremics in odisha, india. | although current programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis have made significant progress it may be necessary to use different approaches to achieve the global goal, especially where compliance has been poor and 'hot spots' of continued infection exist. in the absence of alternative drugs, the use of higher or more frequent dosing with the existing drugs needs to be explored. we examined the effect of higher and/or more frequent dosing with albendazole with a fixed 300 mg dose of diethylcarba ... | 2015 | 25781977 |
| blastic phase of cml with microfilaria: a rare case report. | filariasis is a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical countries including india. there have been very few case reports of incidental filariasis in the bone marrow aspirate smears in patients with hematological malignancies. we present a case of blastic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) with associated filariasis with monocytosis. such an association, to the best of our knowledge, is hitherto unreported. moreover, eosinophilia was not a feature in our case. a 37-year-old m ... | 2015 | 25737999 |
| incidental diagnosis of filariasis in superficial location by fnac: a retrospective study of 10 years. | filariasis, transmitted by the bite of various species of mosquito, is a common disease of tropical belt of the world. in south east asia, including india, it is a major public health problem. the parasite is primarily confined to lymphatic channel or lymph nodes where it can remain viable for more than two decades. the most common presentation of the disease is asymptomatic/ subclinical microfilaremia, hydrocele, acute adeno-lymphangitis (adl) and chronic lymphatic disease. however, the disease ... | 2014 | 25653954 |
| [lymphatic filariasis transmission assessment survey in schools three years after stopping mass drug treatment with albendazole and ivermectin in the 7 endemic districts in togo]. | the aim of this study is to verify the level of transmission of lymphatic filariasis three years after stopping mass drug treatment in the 7 endemic districts in togo. the survey was conducted in 2012 in togo's 7 endemic districts grouped into four evaluation units (eu) using the who-recommended transmission assessment survey (tas) protocol. children aged 6-7 years were screened for wuchereria bancofti antigen using the immunochromatographic card (ict) method. a cluster sampling method was used ... | 2015 | 25476256 |
| detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna in paired serum and urine samples using polymerase chain reaction-based systems. | the global program for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (gpelf) aims to eliminate this disease by the year 2020. however, the development of more specific and sensitive tests is important for the success of the gpelf. the present study aimed to standardise polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based systems for the diagnosis of filariasis in serum and urine. twenty paired biological urine and serum samples from individuals already known to be positive for wuchereria bancrofti were collected dur ... | 2014 | 25424447 |
| epidemiology and individual, household and geographical risk factors of podoconiosis in ethiopia: results from the first nationwide mapping. | although podoconiosis is one of the major causes of tropical lymphoedema and is endemic in ethiopia its epidemiology and risk factors are poorly understood. individual-level data for 129,959 individuals from 1,315 communities in 659 woreda (districts) were collected for a nationwide integrated survey of lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis. blood samples were tested for circulating wuchereria bancrofti antigen using immunochromatographic card tests. a clinical algorithm was used to reach a diag ... | 2015 | 25404069 |
| incidental detection of microfilariae in a lymph node aspirate: a case report. | lymphatic filariasis is a global health problem endemic in nigeria. peripheral blood smears are frequently negative for microfilariae in a significant number of infected patients in whom conventional diagnostic methods may also fail to identify the disease. in such cases, fine needle aspiration cytology may play an important role in disease identification. a 49-year-old south-western male nigerian farmer, presented with a one-year history of a right groin swelling, which became painful 2 weeks b ... | 2014 | 25298612 |
| hydrocele fluid: can it be used for immunodiagnosis of lymphatic filariasis? | diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis using serum has been established but the utility of hydrocele fluid for the purpose is not exactly known. since, hydrocele is a chronic form of the disease manifestation in a variety of situations and often poses difficulty in diagnosing its origin, we have evaluated the usefulness usage of hydrocele fluid for diagnosis of filarial origin of hydrocele in this study. | 2014 | 25253211 |
| filarial chyluria as a rare cause of urinary retention. | we herein describe a case of wuchereria bancrofti infection in a previously healthy 37-year-old nepalese man. the patient presented with a history of milky urine with subsequent acute urinary retention lasting for a few days. the presence of microfilariae was confirmed on both peripheral blood and urine smears obtained at midnight. he was conservatively treated with diethylcarbamazine combined with doxycycline. filariasis was previously endemic in southern parts of japan, although it has been er ... | 2014 | 25175138 |
| integrated mapping of lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis: lessons learnt from ethiopia. | the world health organization (who), international donors and partners have emphasized the importance of integrated control of neglected tropical diseases (ntds). integrated mapping of ntds is a first step for integrated planning of programmes, proper resource allocation and monitoring progress of control. integrated mapping has several advantages over disease specific mapping by reducing costs and enabling co-endemic areas to be more precisely identified. we designed and conducted integrated ma ... | 2014 | 25164687 |
| filariasis asymptomatically infected donors have lower levels of disialylated igg compared to endemic normals. | helminths induce strong regulatory and t helper 2-type responses, whereby antibody-derived host protection and regulation are essential components. lymphatic filariasis is an immune-mediated spectral disease that manifests as two main clinical outcomes: chronic pathology or asymptomatic infection. these outcomes depend on a multitude of factors, including parasite-induced immunoregulation and host genetic background; antibody responses contribute to this outcome. n-glycosylation of the fc region ... | 2014 | 25124516 |
| human monocyte subsets at homeostasis and their perturbation in numbers and function in filarial infection. | to characterize the function and plasticity of the major human circulating monocyte populations and to explore their role in systemic helminth infection, highly purified (by flow-based sorting) human monocyte subsets (cd14(hi)/cd16(neg) [classical], cd14(+ or hi)/cd16(med) [intermediate], and cd14(neg)/cd16(hi) [nonclassical]) were examined at homeostasis and after activation. among these three subsets the classical and intermediate subsets were found to be the major sources of inflammatory and ... | 2014 | 25114121 |
| evaluation of diagnostic tests for wuchereria bancrofti infection in brazilian schoolchildren. | since the launch of the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis, more than 70% of the endemic countries have implemented mass drug administration (mda) to interrupt disease transmission. the monitoring of filarial infection in sentinel populations, particularly schoolchildren, is recommended to assess the impact of mda. a key issue is choosing the appropriate tools for these initial assessments (to define the best intervention) and for monitoring transmission. | 2014 | 25075488 |
| immunological characterization of recombinant wuchereria bancrofti cuticular collagen (col-4) as putative vaccine candidate for human lymphatic filariasis. | to elucidate immunoprophylactic potential of recombinant wuchereria bancrofti (w. bancrofti) cuticular collagen (col-4) in balb/c mice and filarial clinical samples. | 2014 | 25063277 |
| filarial excretory-secretory products induce human monocytes to produce lymphangiogenic mediators. | the nematodes wuchereria bancrofti and brugia spp. infect over 120 million people worldwide, causing lymphedema, elephantiasis and hydrocele, collectively known as lymphatic filariasis. most infected individuals appear to be asymptomatic, but many exhibit sub-clinical manifestations including the lymphangiectasia that likely contributes to the development of lymphedema and elephantiasis. as adult worm excretory-secretory products (es) do not directly activate lymphatic endothelial cells (lec), w ... | 2014 | 25010672 |
| antifilarial effect of ursolic acid from nyctanthes arbortristis: molecular and biochemical evidences. | a bio-assay guided fractionation and purification approach was used to examine in vitro antifilarial activities of the crude methanolic extract of nyctanthes arbortristis as well as fractions and isolated compound. from ethyl-acetate fraction we isolated and identified a triterpenoid compound which has been characterized as ursolic acid (ua) by hplc and nmr data. we are reporting for the first time isolation and identification of ua from the leaves of n. arbortristis. the crude extract and ua sh ... | 2014 | 25009078 |
| wuchereria bancrofti 20/22 a homologue of abundant larval transcript l3 stage filarial antigen: molecular and immunological characterization. | the chromadorea abundant larval transcript (alt) family of proteins contains alt one of the most studied putative vaccine candidate in experimental filariasis. this study reports the characterization of wuchereria bancrofti 20/22 (wb20/22) as a member of chromadorea, the alt family of proteins from the l3 stage of w. bancrofti. the high reactivity with serum from the endemic normal (en) population suggests that wb20/22 could be a target of elicit protective immunity. the glutamic acid-rich regio ... | 2014 | 24888320 |
| testicular swelling due to lymphatic filariasis after brief travel to haiti. | after 6 months of a trip to haiti, a 25-year-old healthy man presented with a 6-week history of a very slow progressive intermittent bilateral testicular pain and swelling. the biopsies in both testicles revealed the presence of a dead filarial parasite. polymerase chain reaction products of the dna from the biopsy were shown to have a 100% identity to wuchereria bancrofti. despite being uncommon in travelers, this presentation of w. bancrofti highlights the possibility of acquiring w. bancrofti ... | 2014 | 24865674 |
| molecular evidence on the occurrence of co-infection with pichia guilliermondii and wuchereria bancrofti in two filarial endemic districts of india. | lymphatic filariasis (lf), a vector-borne parasitic disease, is endemic in several parts of india and mostly affects the poor or those with a low-income. the disease results in huge numbers of morbidities, disabilities, and deaths every year. association of co-infection with other pathogens makes the condition more severe. although co-infection is becoming a growing area of research, it is yet to emerge as a frontier research topic in filarial research specifically. this study reports the occurr ... | 2014 | 24708881 |
| lymphatic filariasis disseminating to the upper extremity. | lymphatic filariasis is the most common cause of acquired lymphedema worldwide (szuba and rockson, 1998). it is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions, and its effects are devastating. with over 100 million infected persons, it ranks second only to leprosy as the leading cause of permanent and long-term disability. wuchereria bancrofti is the etiologic agent in 90% of cases. there is a dearth of published mri findings with pathologically proven active infections, making this entity even mor ... | 2014 | 24707427 |
| microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in a patient of chylous haematuria: report of an unusual finding in urine cytology. | filariasis is a disabling parasitic disease and it constitutes as a major health problem in most of the tropical and sub-tropical countries. one hundred and twenty million people in at least 80 tropical and sub-tropical countries are infected with lymphatic filarial parasite, with one billion people being at risk of the disease. the laboratory diagnosis of filariasis is conventionally made by demonstrating microfilaria in peripheral blood smear. however, microfilaria have been incidentally detec ... | 2014 | 24596752 |
| lymphedema in a 7-year-old boy infected with wuchereria bancrofti in sierra leone: a case report. | we present a case of congenital lymphedema in a 7-year-old boy in sierra leone with active filarial infection and penile edema. the genital edema with onset at 6 months of age may have been due to a congenital abnormality in lymphatic drainage. other possible causes of childhood lymphedema, including milroy's disease, are discussed. | 2014 | 24561072 |
| impact of mda and the prospects of elimination of the lone focus of diurnally sub periodic lymphatic filariasis in nicobar islands, india. | mass drug administration is being carried out in andaman and nicobar islands, india since 2004. cross sectional microfilaria (mf) survey was conducted in nancowry group of islands, the lone foci of diurnally sub periodic form of bancroftian filariasis in nicobar district, to examine its eligibility for transmission assessment survey (tas). a total of 2561 individuals (coverage: 23.9%) were screened from five islands. the overall mf prevalence was 3.28%. except one island, all other islands recor ... | 2014 | 24556139 |
| effects of midgut bacteria and two protease inhibitors on the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by the mosquito vector, culex pipiens. | laboratory investigations were carried out to study the effect of two protease inhibitors on the transmission of w. bancrofti filarial by culex pipiens and to study the susceptibility interaction between filaria and protease inhibitors. the results obtained revealed that, infection rates were variable among untreated and treated symbiotic and aposymbiotic cx. pipiens females resulted from third instar larvae treated with e-64 and edta. the survival rate was variable among untreated and treated s ... | 2013 | 24260833 |
| effects of midgut bacteria and two protease inhibitors on the reproductive potential and midgut enzymes of culex pipiens infected with wuchereria bancrofti. | laboratory investigations were carried out to asses the effect of some proteases inhibitors on the reproductive potential of culex pipiens females resulted from larvae treated with different protease inhibitors. the fecundity and engorgement of symbiotic and aposymbiotic c. pipiens females were significantly reduced. the blood meal digestion period increased significantly. on the other hand, enzyme band with molecular weight of 40 kda which may be cysteine protease was detected in untreated symb ... | 2013 | 24260832 |
| microfilaria in breast aspiration--an uncommon finding. | filariasis is a major public health problem in many tropics and subtropics of africa, western pacific and parts of the americas, affecting over 83 countries. it is also a public health problem in india. a large majority of the cases found in india are attributed to infection by wuchereria bancrofti which mainly affects the lymph nodes and the lymphatic channels. breast is an unusual site for filariasis. in the present case report the patient presented with a gradually increasing breast lump, cli ... | 2013 | 24260821 |
| filarial abscess in the submandibular region. | filariasis is a parasitic infectious disease caused by filarial nematode worms. these worms mainly dwell in subcutaneous tissues and lymphatics of the human host, with a predilection for lower limbs, retroperitoneal tissues, spermatic cord, and epididymis. oral or perioral involvement of the filarial nematode is rare. this case report describes a filarial abscess in the right submandibular region. fine needle aspiration cytology of the abscess revealed the presence of microfilaria of wuchereria ... | 2013 | 24250107 |
| ongoing surveillance for lymphatic filariasis in togo: assessment of alternatives and nationwide reassessment of transmission status. | tremendous progress has been made towards the goal of global elimination of lymphatic filariasis (lf) transmission by 2020. the number of endemic countries reducing lf transmission through mass drug administration continues to increase, and therefore, the need for effective post-intervention surveillance also continues to increase. togo is the first sub-saharan african country to implement lf surveillance, and it has 6 years of experience with this passive surveillance system. we herein report t ... | 2014 | 24189363 |
| functional analysis of genetic polymorphism in wuchereria bancrofti glutathione s-transferase antioxidant gene: impact on protein structure and enzyme catalysis. | wuchereria bancrofti glutathione s-transferase (wb-gst) is referred as a promising chemotherapeutic target for lymphatic filariasis. gst represents the major class of detoxifying enzymes of the tissue dwelling parasitic helminths. though many inhibition studies were carried out for wb-gst, understanding its genetic distribution in parasite population is necessary to develop ideal inhibitor. our genetic polymorphic studies exposed the existence of three variant wb-gst alleles in the four endemic ... | 2014 | 24188745 |
| low density microfilaraemia as a causative agent in a case of unexplained ascitis of suspicious nature. | it is estimated that 120 million people worldwide are affected by filariasis. in the south east and south asian region, wuchereria bancrofti is the most prevalent parasite causing filariais in 99.4 % of cases. in the present case the parasite was a cause of unexplained ascitis in a young female whose previous cytological report was suspicious in nature. extensive physical and radiological assesment was not able to determine the cause of ascitis. repeat cytological examinantion revealed a few mic ... | 2013 | 23998087 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection using urine samples and its application in bangladesh. | in sri lanka, urine elisa showed high sensitivity and specificity in detecting filaria-specific igg4. it also produced much higher positive rates than antigen tests in prevalence studies with young children. in this study, we have confirmed the usefulness of urine elisa in the field of bangladesh. the elisa detected 89 of 105 (85%) ict antigen test positive subjects in endemic areas. with both ict and microfilaria positives, the sensitivity was 97% (30/31). all of 104 ict negative people in a no ... | 2013 | 23988626 |
| a practical strategy for responding to a case of lymphatic filariasis post-elimination in pacific islands. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) due to wuchereria bancrofti is being eliminated from oceania under the pacific elimination of lymphatic filariasis programme. lf was endemic in solomon islands but in the 2010-2020 strategic plan of the global programme to eliminate lf, solomon islands was listed as non-endemic for lf. in countries now declared free of lf an important question is what monitoring strategy should be used to detect any residual foci of lf? | 2013 | 23890320 |
| microfilariasis of the breast mimicking malignancy. | we report a 65-year-old female who presented with a 3.5×3 cm retro-areolar lump of the right breast with associated right axillary lymphadenopathy, mimicking breast cancer. mammography showed a well-defined mass in the central quadrant of the right breast. fine needle aspiration cytology from the breast lump demonstrated many microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. | 2013 | 23878490 |
| population genetics of the filarial worm wuchereria bancrofti in a post-treatment region of papua new guinea: insights into diversity and life history. | wuchereria bancrofti (wb) is the primary causative agent of lymphatic filariasis (lf). our studies of lf in papua new guinea (png) have shown that it is possible to reduce the prevalence of wb in humans and mosquitoes through mass drug administration (mda; diethylcarbamazine with/without ivermectin). while mdas in the dreikikir region through 1998 significantly reduced prevalence of wb infection, parasites continue to be transmitted in the area. | 2013 | 23875043 |
| mass drug administration for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis--port-au-prince, haiti, 2011-2012. | lymphatic filariasis (lf), also known as elephantiasis, results from mosquito-borne infection with filarial worm parasites, predominantly wuchereria bancrofti, and can lead to severe disfigurement from lymphedema and hydrocele. the world health organization (who) has called for the elimination of lf using the strategy of annual mass drug administration (mda). who defines adequate mda coverage (the percentage of all residents of an endemic area who swallow the drugs) as ≥65%. by late 2011, all ar ... | 2013 | 23760187 |
| rapid wuchereria bancrofti-specific antigen wb123-based igg4 immunoassays as tools for surveillance following mass drug administration programs on lymphatic filariasis. | the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis has an urgent need for rapid assays to detect ongoing transmission of lymphatic filariasis (lf) following multiple rounds of mass drug administration (mda). current who guidelines support using the antigen card immunochromatographic test (ict), which detects active filarial infection but does not detect early exposure to lf. recent studies found that antibody-based assays better serve this function. in the present study, two tests, a rapid i ... | 2013 | 23740923 |
| survey of bancroftian filariasis infection in humans and culex mosquitoes in the western brazilian amazon region: implications for transmission and control. | the aim of this work was to identify possible lymphatic filariasis foci in the western brazilian amazonian that could be established from the reports of rachou in the 1950s. the study was conducted in three cities of the western brazilian amazon region - porto velho and guajará-mirim (state of rondônia) and humaitá (state of amazonas). | 2013 | 23740057 |
| socio-environmental variables and transmission risk of lymphatic filariasis in central and northern mozambique. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is endemic in mozambique, where it is caused by wuchereria bancrofti with culex quinquefasciatus as the main vector. it affects approximately 10% of the population (2 million) with about 16 million at risk. prevalence rates in 40 out of 65 districts that together comprise the four endemic provinces niassa, cabo delgado, nampula and zambezia were analysed with the aim of elucidating the socio-environmental variables influencing the transmission. the levels of prevalence ... | 2013 | 23733300 |
| role of persistent processus vaginalis in hydroceles found in a tropical population. | lymphatic obstruction by wuchereria bancrofti is thought to be the mechanism for development of tropical hydrocele in men and for elephantiasis, mostly in women. hydrocele prevalence is used to determine the effectiveness of para site eradication programs. | 2013 | 23706855 |
| population ecology of mosquitoes and the status of bancroftian filariasis in el dakahlia governorate, the nile delta, egypt. | mosquitoes were surveyed (oct. 2010 & apr. - oct. 2011) in some localities representing 13 centers of el-dakahlia governorate. six mosquito species were collected: culex pipiens, cx. antennatus, cx. perexiguus, ochlerotatus detritus, anopheles pharoensis and an. tenebrosus. culex pipiens was predominating (ca 79% larvae, 51% adults). culex antennatus and cx. perexiguus were also common. of the four types of the breeding habitats, the drainage canals were the most productive (53.4% larvae). for t ... | 2013 | 23697019 |
| monitoring and evaluation of lymphatic filariasis interventions: an improved pcr-based pool screening method for high throughput wuchereria bancrofti detection using dried blood spots. | effective diagnostic tools are necessary to monitor and evaluate interruption of lymphatic filariasis (lf) transmission. accurate detection of wuchereria bancrofti (wb) microfilaria (mf) is essential to measure the impact of community treatment programmes. pcr-based assays are specific, highly sensitive tools allowing the detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna in human blood samples. however, current protocols describing the pool screening approach, use samples of less than 60 μl of blood, which ... | 2013 | 23597068 |
| susceptibility status of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) populations to the chemical insecticide temephos in pernambuco, brazil. | culex quinquefasciatus is the vector of many agents of human diseases, including wuchereria bancrofti, the parasite that causes bancroftian filariasis, an endemic disease in pernambuco state, brazil. although temephos is not currently used to control c. quinquefasciatus, the species might be under a selection process from incidental exposure to this compound. this study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility status of c. quinquefasciatus to temephos, using bioassays, and to investigate its putativ ... | 2013 | 23576326 |