| molecular pathogenesis of bovine paratuberculosis and human inflammatory bowel diseases. | paratuberculosis (ptb), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic enteritis that affects many ruminants and other wild animals worldwide. ptb is a great concern in animal health and in etiology of human crohn's disease (cd). in the present study, we detected map-specific insertion sequence is900 of dna in tissue sections surgically removed from lesions of patients with cd (29 samples), ulcerative colitis (uc) (17 samples), and non-inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) ... | 2012 | 22486997 |
| epidemiological situation and control strategies for paratuberculosis in japan. | paratuberculosis (ptb), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic and progressive granulomatous enteritis that affects many livestock and wild animals worldwide. the clinical disease is called johne's disease (jd). in japan, all dairy cattle (harf million head) are examined for ptb every five years. about 1000 the officially examined cattle are diagnosed annually as positive for ptb, but most of these exhibit only minor or no clinical signs and typical lesions in ... | 2012 | 22458197 |
| production and proteomic characterisation of purified protein derivative from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | effective diagnosis of johne's disease (jd), particularly at the stage of early subclinical infection, remains one of the greatest challenges for the control of jd worldwide. the ifn-γ test of cell mediated immunity is currently one of the most suitable diagnostics for subclinical infections, however a major limitation of this test is the lack of a standardised purified protein derivative (ppd) antigen (also referred to as johnin ppd or ppdj). while attempting to replace ppdj with more specific ... | 2012 | 22443541 |
| genetic evaluation of is900 partial sequence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis brazilian isolates from bovine milk. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis. insertion sequence is900 is used for the identification of map. the objective of this study was to verify the genetic conservation of is900 sequences in raw milk samples. to evaluate genetic conservation, 206 quarter milk samples and 16 bulk-tank milk samples were collected. dna extraction and is900 pcr were performed in all samples. six samples amplified the expected fragment. to confirm the identity o ... | 2012 | 22422516 |
| development of dna-designed avian igy antibodies for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and anti-hsp70 antibodies in the serum of normal cattle. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis heat shock protein 70 (maphsp70) is an immunodominant antigen, which can be used as a subunit vaccine against bovine paratuberculosis. in the present study, we evaluated the immunogenic activities of maphsp70 expressed by dna vaccine in chicken and the use of prepared specific avian igy antibodies for western blotting and elisa methods. the gene encoding map hsp70 was subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector, pcdna3.1, and the recombinant plasmi ... | 2012 | 22415790 |
| mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and crohn's disease: an association requiring more research. | | 2012 | 22405182 |
| [paratuberculosis in a miniature donkey (equus asinus f. asinus)]. | paratuberculosis is mainly an infectious disease of ruminants with worldwide distribution. infection occurs in early stages of life. other animal species beyond ruminants are rarely affected, however, experimental and natural infections are possible. a case of paratuberculosis in a miniature donkey (equus asinus f. asinus) with typical clinical and pathomorphological changes is reported here. lesions were mainly observed in the intestine. causative for the profuse diarrhoea with emaciation was m ... | 2012 | 22372323 |
| the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis fibronectin attachment protein, a toll-like receptor 4 agonist, enhances dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine potency. | in this study, we showed the direct interaction between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis fibronectin attachment protein (fap) and toll-like receptor4 (tlr4) via co-localization and binding by using confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation assays. fap triggered the expression of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in a tlr4-dependent manner. in addition, fap-induced cytokine expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmdcs) was modulated in part by glycogen synthase kinas ... | 2012 | 22322306 |
| effect of genetic variation in the mhc class ii drb region on resistance and susceptibility to johne's disease in endangered indian jamunapari goats. | the pathogenesis of johne's disease (jd), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is complex and has not been completely understood yet. in the present study, we analysed the polymorphism in the exon-2 of the caprine major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii drb region and its association with resistance or susceptibility to jd. a total of 203 jamunapari goats, which is an indian endangered breed highly susceptible to jd, kept at a single farm were studied. on the basi ... | 2012 | 22321606 |
| a commentary on current perspectives on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, johne's disease and crohn's disease: a review by over et al. (2011). | | 2012 | 22313120 |
| genotypes of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from south american countries determined by two methods based on genomic repetitive sequences. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causal agent of johne's disease or paratuberculosis of ruminants and has been associated with crohn's disease in humans. in this study, the genotypes of map obtained so far in south american countries using a combination of the subtyping methods mycobacterial interspersed repeats units-variable number of tandem repeats (miru-vntr) and multilocus short sequence repeats (mlssr) were analyzed. through this analysis, seven different miru-vntr ... | 2012 | 22297421 |
| identification and characterization of a spore-like morphotype in chronically starved mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cultures. | mycobacteria are able to enter into a state of non-replication or dormancy, which may result in their chronic persistence in soil, aquatic environments, and permissive hosts. stresses such as nutrient deprivation and hypoxia provide environmental cues to enter a persistent state; however, a clear definition of the mechanism that mycobacteria employ to achieve this remains elusive. while the concept of sporulation in mycobacteria is not novel, it continues to spark controversy and challenges our ... | 2012 | 22292005 |
| induction of matrix metalloproteinases and tlr2 and 6 in murine colon after oral exposure to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is suspected to be a causative agent in crohn's disease. recent evidence suggests that map can induce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), which are the main proteases in the pathogenesis of mucosal ulcerations in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). within the present study, we analysed whether oral map exposure can induce colonic mmp expression in vivo. in map exposed mice map and spheroplasts were visualized in intramucosal leu ... | 2012 | 22289202 |
| mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in italy: commensal or emerging human pathogen? | specific bacterial infections or alterations of the gut microbiota likely trigger immuno-pathological phenomena associated with crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a candidate etiological agent of crohn's disease. definitive causal connection between mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection and crohn's disease has not been demonstrated. | 2012 | 22285147 |
| expression of genes associated with the antigen presentation and processing pathway are consistently regulated in early mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. | the primary objective of this study was to evaluate early gene expression profiles associated with paratuberculosis in cattle exposed to known infectious doses of mycobacterium avium sub-species paratuberculosis (map). a johne's disease experimental infection field trial was conducted on a mixed population of holstein and holstein red cattle. blood samples from four map exposed and four unexposed cattle, selected based on ifnγ expressions were taken at 9, 13 and 21 weeks and rna processed to aff ... | 2012 | 22239946 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and the expression of selected virulence and pathogenesis genes in response to 6°c, 65°c and ph 2.0. | the aim of this work was to study the expression of selected mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) genes connected with map virulence, adhesion and stress response. the temperature of 6°c and 65°c were chosen with regard to the food industry, storage conditions (refrigerator) and low-temperature pasteurization. a ph of 2.0, using lactic acid, was selected to mimic the natural environment of the stomach. expression of selected genes was studied using real time reverse transcription pc ... | 2011 | 24031696 |
| fabrication of a novel conductometric biosensor for detecting mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibodies. | johne's disease (jd) is one of the most costly bacterial diseases in cattle. in the u.s., economic losses from the disease have been estimated to exceed $1,500,000,000 per year, mainly from the effects of reduced milk production. current diagnostic tests for jd are laboratory based and many of those tests require specialized equipment and training. development of rapid and inexpensive diagnostic assays, which are adapted for point-ofcare applications, would aid in the control of jd. in this stud ... | 2008 | 27873855 |
| evaluation of an indigenous elisa for diagnosis of johne's disease and its comparison with commercial kits. | country lacks sensitive and indigenous diagnostic kits for the screening of goats and sheep against johne's disease. therefore an indigenous elisa kit was developed using protoplasmic antigen from native mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis 'bison type' strain of goat origin (kit 1). in the present study, kit 1 and two commercial kits (kit 2 and 3) were evaluated with respect to 'gold standard' fecal culture in 71 animals (55 goats and 16 sheep). kit 1 using indigenous antigen (protop ... | 2007 | 23100673 |
| associations between mycobacterium paratuberculosis sero-status, milk quality parameters, and reproduction in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of mycobocterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) sero-status of dairy cows on different milk production variables and reproductive traits. the study was carried out on 40 herds from the region of galicia (north-west spain). these herds were randomly selected from a larger group that had taken part in a voluntary paratuberculosis control program since 2005, which involves regular serum sampling of every adult animal to run antibody- ... | 2015 | 26591382 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in non-human primates. | due to a sporadic occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in non-human primates (nhp), the susceptibility of different nhp to map should be investigated. | 2017 | 28444886 |
| a nano particle vector comprised of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and monophosphoryl lipid a and recombinant mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis peptides stimulate a pro-immune profile in bovine macrophages. | we evaluated the potential of a nanoparticle (np) delivery system to improve methods of delivery of candidate peptide-based vaccines for paratuberculosis in cattle. | 2017 | 28502107 |
| the potential role of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of an unknown etiology. its pathogenesis involves an interplay of infectious, genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. the current therapeutic options have various limitations in terms of cost, side effect profile, and the development of drug resistance and dependence. therefore, there is a need to develop future therapeutic options which are safe and effective to control the inflammatory process. this review focuses i ... | 2017 | 28685630 |
| recombinant 20.8-kda protein of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-based sero-diagnosis of paratuberculosis. | johne's disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious enteric disease of ruminants caused by the intracellular pathogen. the control of the johne's disease is hampered by lack of specific diagnostic tests. in this study, we have cloned and expressed the n-terminal region of the locus tag map 1637c encoding 20.8-kda (r20.8) protein of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the recombinant protein r20.8 was expressed in high levels in escherichia coli. the protein r20.8 was purified by ... | 2017 | 28623492 |
| the immunoregulatory effects of co-infection with fasciola hepatica: from bovine tuberculosis to johne's disease. | fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) is a parasite prevalent in much of the world that causes the economically-important disease of fasciolosis in livestock. the threat that this disease poses extends beyond its direct effects due to the parasite's immunomodulatory effects. research at this laboratory is focusing on whether this immunoregulation can, in animals infected with liver fluke, exert a bystander effect on concurrent infections in the host. it has already been established that f. hepatica in ... | 2017 | 28410676 |
| comparison among the quantification of bacterial pathogens by qpcr, dpcr, and cultural methods. | the demand for rapid methods for the quantification of pathogens is increasing. among these methods, those based on nucleic acids amplification (quantitative pcrs) are the most widespread worldwide. together with the qpcr, a new approach named digital pcr (dpcr), has rapidly gained importance. the aim of our study was to compare the results obtained using two different dpcr systems and one qpcr in the quantification of three different bacterial pathogens: listeria monocytogenes, francisella tula ... | 2017 | 28702010 |
| complete genome sequence of jii-1961, a bovine mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis field isolate from germany. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes johne's disease in ruminants and was also detected in nonruminant species, including human beings, and in milk products. we announce here the 4.829-mb complete genome sequence of the cattle-type strain jii-1961 from germany, which is very similar to cattle-type strains recovered from different continents. | 2017 | 28839035 |
| mechanisms of antimicrobial action of cinnamon and oregano oils, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). | the antimicrobial modes of action of six naturally occurring compounds, cinnamon oil, cinnamaldehyde, oregano oil, carvacrol, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, previously found to inhibit the growth of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) reported to infect food animals and humans and to be present in milk, cheese, and meat, were investigated. the incubation of map cultures in the presence of all six compounds caused phosphate ions to leak into the extr ... | 2017 | 28837070 |
| evaluation of different diagnostic methods for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in boot swabs and liquid manure samples. | environmental sampling based on boot swabs and/or liquid manure samples is an upcoming strategy for the identification of paratuberculosis (paratb) positive herds, but only limited data are available regarding the diagnostic performance of molecular detection methods (qpcr) versus faecal culture (fc) for this purpose. in the present study, the test characteristics of two different qpcr protocols (a and b) and a standardized fc protocol, for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratubercu ... | 2017 | 28821251 |
| evaluation of a pcr assay on overgrown individual fecal samples cultured for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | microbial overgrowth can interfere with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) growth and detection. we estimated the percentage of positive samples by pcr performed on the incubated media of individual fecal samples classified as non-interpretable (ni) by bacteriologic culture of liquid media. a total of 262 liquid cultures declared ni and 88 samples declared negative were included in the study. map dna was detected in 7 ni samples (2.7%; 95% ci: 1.1-5.4%) and in 1 negative sample (1 ... | 2017 | 28782422 |
| wc1(+) γδ t cells from cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis respond differentially to stimulation with ppd-j. | a role for γδ t cells in protection against mycobacterial infections including johne's disease (jd) has been suggested. in neonatal calves where the risk to infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is high, the majority of circulating cd3(+) lymphocytes are γδ tcr(+). bovine γδ t cells are divided into two major subsets based on the surface expression of workshop cluster 1 (wc1). the wc1(+) subset, the predominant subset in periphery, is further divided into wc1.1(+) and ... | 2017 | 28778324 |
| prevalence of paratuberculosis in organized and unorganized dairy cattle herds in west bengal, india. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence pattern of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of paratuberculosis or johne's disease, in unorganized as well as organized cattle herds in west bengal. | 2017 | 28717306 |
| testing of milk replacers for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by pcr and bacterial culture as a possible source for johne's disease (paratuberculosis) in calves. | johne's disease (paratuberculosis) is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and can lead to severe economic losses in the affected cattle herds. the transmission of the disease occurs mainly orally, by the ingestion of map, which is shed in the feces and milk of infected animals. calves show a high susceptibility for the infection compared to adult animals. the use of milk replacers can, therefore, contribute to the prevention of the transmission of the disease to calves in ... | 2017 | 28716203 |
| characterization and differentiation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from other mycobacteria using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle, is responsible for significant economic losses to the us dairy industry. the pathogen has also been associated with chronic human diseases like crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. determining causation requires rapid characterization and source tracking the pathogen. here, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry to char ... | 2017 | 28713782 |
| evaluation of clinical pathology parameters in fecal pcr-positive or pcr-negative goats for johne's disease. | johne's disease (jd) is an economically important infectious disease of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). this study evaluated the differences in various hematological and biochemical parameters between healthy goats and goats with jd. forty goats were chosen randomly from a herd endemic for jd. a complete physical examination was performed. blood and fresh fecal samples were collected from each goat. a complete blood cell (cbc) count and a protein electropho ... | 2017 | 28707081 |
| is mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis the trigger in the crohn's disease spectrum? | we present and discuss a 30-month investigation of a patient that presented with abdominal pain, postprandial diarrhea, bloating, and night sweats and was treated for crohn's disease without significant improvement. the patient underwent an ileocecetomy with removal of an atonic segment with resolution of functional gastrointestinal symptoms, but profound night sweats continued postoperatively. the patient was presumptively treated for a mixed mycobacterial infection, blood cultures later grew m ... | 2017 | 28685154 |
| field performance of six mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens in a 20h interferon gamma release assay in belgium. | paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis which primarily affects domestic and wild ruminants, resulting in serious economic losses for dairy and beef industry around the world. there is no satisfactory cure or vaccine, and actual diagnostic tests need improvement, particularly for the initial stages of the disease. map specific cell-mediated immune responses may allow early detection of the infection at subclinical stages ... | 2017 | 28669383 |
| epidemiological and economic consequences of purchasing livestock infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | paratuberculosis (ptb) is a chronic disease which may lead to reduced milk yield, lower animal welfare and death in cattle. the causative agent is mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the economic consequences are particularly important incentives in the control and eradication of the infection. one strategy to control ptb in a herd is to purchase animals from farms with a low risk of map infection. we wanted to investigate the epidemiological and economic consequences of buying li ... | 2017 | 28655323 |
| magnetic separation methods for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in various types of matrices: a review. | the main reasons to improve the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are animal health and monitoring of map entering the food chain via meat, milk, and/or dairy products. different approaches can be used for the detection of map, but the use of magnetic separation especially in conjunction with pcr as an end-point detection method has risen in past years. however, the extraction of dna which is a crucial step prior to pcr detection can be complicated due to the presenc ... | 2017 | 28642876 |
| a closed-tube loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the visual endpoint detection of brucella spp. and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | lamp (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification technique that is characterized by its efficiency, rapidity, high yield of final product, robustness, sensitivity, and specificity, with the blueprint that it can be implemented in laboratories of low technological complexity. despite the conceptual complexity underlying the mechanistic basis for the nucleic acid amplification, the technique is simple to use and the amplification and detection can be carrie ... | 2017 | 28600772 |
| altered humoral immunity to mycobacterial antigens in japanese patients affected by inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and mycobacterium bovis (bcg) have been associated to several human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (ms), but there are conflicting evidence on the issue. the objective of this study is to evaluate their role in japanese patients affected by inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (idds). a total of 97 idds subjects including 51 ms and 46 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (nmosd) patients, and 34 hea ... | 2017 | 28600575 |
| conflicting role of mycobacterium species in multiple sclerosis. | mycobacterium is a genus of aerobic and acid-fast bacteria, which include several pathogenic organisms that cause serious diseases in mammals. previous studies have associated the immune response against mycobacteria with multiple sclerosis (ms), a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology. the role of mycobacteria in the pathological process has been controversial and often conflicting. we provide a detailed review of the mycobacteria that have been linke ... | 2017 | 28579973 |
| identification of new antigen candidates for the early diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in goats. | currently mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection is diagnosed through indirect tests based on the immune response induced by the infection. the antigens commonly used in ifn-γ release assays (igra) are purified protein derivative tuberculins (ppd). however, ppds, lack both specificity (sp) and sensitivity (se) in the early phase of infection. this study investigated the potential of 16 map recombinant proteins and five lipids to elicit the release of ifn-γ in goats from herd ... | 2017 | 28578219 |
| comparison of rapid diagnostic tests to detect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis disseminated infection in bovine liver. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in cattle and other domestic and wild ruminants. the presence of map in tissues other than intestines and associated lymph nodes, such as meat and liver, is a potential public health concern. in the present study, the relationship between the results of rapid diagnostic tests of the johne's disease, such as serum elisa, rectal scraping pcr, and acid-fast staining, and the presence of map in liver was ev ... | 2017 | 28550594 |
| establishment a real-time reverse transcription pcr based on host biomarkers for the detection of the subclinical cases of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | bovine paratuberculosis (ptb) is a chronic enteric inflammatory disease of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) that causes large economic losses in the dairy industry. spread of ptb is mainly provoked by a long subclinical stage during which map is shed into the environment with feces; accordingly, detection of subclinical animals is very important to its control. however, current diagnostic methods are not suitable for detection of subclinical animals. therefor ... | 2017 | 28542507 |
| identification of candidate genes for paratuberculosis resistance in the native italian garfagnina goat breed. | paratuberculosis disease is a chronic bacterial disease infection of ruminants of global relevance, caused by map (mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis). the present study was conducted on the garfagnina goat breed that is an italian native goat population registered on the tuscan regional repertory of genetic resources at risk of extinction. forty-eight adult goats (27 serologically positive to map-positive and 21 serologically negative to map-negative) belonging to a single flock that h ... | 2017 | 28526988 |
| presence of mycobacterium avium subs. paratuberculosis dna in milk used to feed calves in portugal. | this technical research communication describes results of a study aimed at detecting the presence of map in milk fed to calves, and identifying possible risk factors for that presence. a questionnaire was performed on 37 dairy farms and waste milk samples were collected on 3 occasions separated by a minimum of 1 week. for farms not feeding waste milk, bulk tank milk samples were collected instead. a real time pcr for the detection of the is900 sequence was performed for the detection of map. a ... | 2017 | 28524015 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis induces specific ige production in japanese people with allergies. | background. the prevalence of allergies is steadily increasing worldwide; however, the pathogenesis is still unclear. we hypothesized that mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) may contribute to allergy development. this organism can be present in dairy foods, it can elicit an immunomodulatory switch from a th1 to a th2 response, and it has been speculated that it is linked to several human autoimmune diseases. to determine the contribution, sera from 99 individuals with various atop ... | 2017 | 28523203 |
| ifn-γ fails to overcome inhibition of selected macrophage activation events in response to pathogenic mycobacteria. | according to most models of mycobacterial infection, inhibition of the pro-inflammatory macrophage immune responses contributes to the persistence of bacteria. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is a highly successful pathogen in cattle and sheep and is also implicated as the causative agent of crohn's disease in humans. pathogenic mycobacteria such as map have developed multiple strategies to evade host defence mechanisms including interfering with the macrophages' capacity to re ... | 2017 | 28505170 |
| immunohistochemical expression of interferon-γ in different types of granulomatous lesions associated with bovine paratuberculosis. | animals infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) show a variety of lesions, from focal forms, seen in subclinical stages to diffuse lesions in clinical cases. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the local expression of ifn-γ by immunohistochemistry in relation with the type of lesion in naturally map-infected cows. the number of immunolabelled cells, -the majority morphologically consistent with lymphocytes-, was higher in focal and diffuse paucibacillary forms than ... | 2017 | 28504089 |
| the alternate effects of anti-tnfα therapeutics and their role in mycobacterial granulomatous infection in crohn's disease. | crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that has been debated to be associated with bacterial triggers such as mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). standard treatment of crohn's disease (cd) patients includes a family of immunomodulators and biologics such as anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-tnfα). this cytokine in particular has been known to play vital roles in fighting microbial infections through formation and maintenance of granulomas. areas covered: this pe ... | 2017 | 28481651 |
| increased seroreactivity to proinsulin and homologous mycobacterial peptides in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. | latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (lada) is a slowly progressing form of immune-mediated diabetes that combines phenotypical features of type 2 diabetes (t2d) with the presence of islet cell antigens detected in type 1 diabetes (t1d). heterogeneous clinical picture have led to the classification of patients based on the levels of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (gada) that correlate with clinical phenotypes closer to t1d or t2d when gada titers are high or low, respectively. ... | 2017 | 28472070 |
| fecal shedding and tissue infections demonstrate transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in group-housed dairy calves. | current johne's disease control programs primarily focus on decreasing transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) from infectious adult cows to susceptible calves. however, potential transmission between calves is largely overlooked. the objective was to determine the extent of map infection in calves contact-exposed to infectious penmates. thirty-two newborn holstein-friesian calves were grouped into 7 experimental groups of 4, consisting of 2 inoculated (in) calves, and ... | 2017 | 28454560 |
| cgas-sting-tbk1-irf3/7 induced interferon-β contributes to the clearing of non tuberculous mycobacterial infection in mice. | type i interferons (ifn-i), such as ifn-α and ifn-β are important messengers in the host response against bacterial infections. knowledge about the role of ifn-i in infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) is limited. here we show that macrophages infected with pathogens of the mycobacterium avium complex produced significantly lower amounts of ifn-β than macrophages infected with the opportunistic pathogen m. smegmatis. to dissect the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon, we focused o ... | 2017 | 28422568 |
| evaluation of two in-house immunoenzymatic tests to serodiagnose subclinical paratuberculisis in a sheep flock in mexicali valley, mexico. | paratuberculosis (ptb) or johne's disease is a common ruminant infectious disease caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). in this study, two map antigens were compared for their diagnostic utility to detect subclinical ptb in a sheep flock in mexicali, mexico. sheep (n = 31) without clinical signs but positive on a direct fecal-polymerase chain reaction were tested with two preabsorbed in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) using: (1) an ethanol-extracted surfa ... | 2017 | 28422564 |
| prevalence of small ruminant lentivirus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis co-infection in ontario dairy sheep and dairy goats. | infection with small ruminant lentiviruses (srlv) causes a variety of chronic inflammatory conditions that limit production. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is also a major production-limiting disease of sheep and goats, which causes severe inflammation of the small intestine. previous studies have indicated that both srlv and map are widespread in small ruminants in ontario. this study estimated the prevalence of srlv and map co-infection. serum samples that were previously te ... | 2017 | 28408784 |
| paratuberculosis in a domestic dog in south africa. | this case report shows that mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection can cause clinical disease in domestic dogs, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. a male dachshund presented with lethargy and pain. enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes were found on abdominal ultrasound examination. cytological examination of lymph node aspirates was consistent with granulomatous inflammation, which was culture-confirmed as map. altho ... | 2017 | 28397513 |
| crohn's disease, the mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the genetic bond: an unexpected trio. | | 2015 | 25771330 |
| crohn's disease therapy with dietzia: the end of anti-inflammatory drugs. | | 2015 | 25689526 |
| pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders: revisiting gastrointestinal involvement and immune imbalance. | autism spectrum disorders (asd) comprise a group of neurodevelopmental abnormalities that begin in early childhood and are characterized by impairment of social communication and behavioral problems including restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. several genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asd, most of them are involved in neuronal synaptogenesis. a number of environmental factors and associated conditions such as gastrointestinal (gi) abnormalities and immune imbalance ha ... | 2014 | 25110424 |
| paratuberculosis in different breeds of sheep: a retrospective study of cases. | spontaneous ovine paratuberculosis in an organized farm was diagnosed based on histopathological lesions, demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in different visceral organs, and detection of antibody levels against mycobacterium paratuberculosis by agar gel immunodiffusion test (agid). out of 190 morbid specimens examined histopathologically, 77% of specimens had pathological lesions, which included predominant epithelioid cell formation, infiltration of lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. in a ... | 2013 | 26785985 |
| ovine paratuberculosis: a confirmed case of johne's disease in libya. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) was suspected in a herd of approximately 300 sheep after weight loss and scouring had increased in adult animals despite repeated treatment with anthelmintics, antibiotics, multivitamins and minerals. the herd is located near tarhouna city. herd history revealed that a total of 60 ewes showed clinical symptoms and deaths during the last two years. the last case that we attended was submitted to the national center of animal health (ncah) for a detailed laborato ... | 2013 | 26623326 |
| crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses: a quarter century later. causation or simple association? | it has been more than 25 years since mycobacterium paratuberculosis was first proposed as an etiologic agent in crohn's disease based on the isolation of this organism from several patients. since that time, a great deal of information has been accumulated that clearly establishes an association between m. paratuberculosis and crohn's disease. however, data are conflicting and difficult to interpret and the field has become divided into committed advocates and confirmed skeptics. this review is ... | 2012 | 22242906 |
| interferon regulatory factor 5 is a potential target of autoimmune response triggered by epstein-barr virus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis: investigating a mechanism of molecular mimicry. | rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic disease characterised by a pro-inflammatory cytokines linked erosive joint damage and by humoral and cellular response against a broad range of self-peptides. molecular mimicry between epstein-barr virus (ebv), mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and host peptides has long been regarded as an ra pathogenetic mechanism. using bioinformatic analysis we identified high sequence homology among interferon regulatory factor 5 (irf5), ebv antigen bol ... | 2018 | 29352853 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in rock hyraxes ( procavia capensis) imported from south africa. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes chronic, progressive, and consecutively fatal enteritis, especially in ruminants. map distribution among wildlife is not yet clear. in this study, three wild-born rock hyraxes ( procavia capensis) had been imported from south africa to a german zoological garden. during the quarantine period, four young animals were born. the wild-born animals showed symptoms of mild diarrhea shortly after their arrival in the zoological garden, but al ... | 2017 | 29297824 |
| rapid and visual detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is a chronic debilitating disease of domestic and wild ruminants. quick diagnosis could facilitate control; however widespread point-of-care testing is infrequently done due to the lack of robust method. isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) technique has emerged as a novel dna amplify assay for use in rapid diagnosis. here, an rpa combined with lateral flow dipstick (lfd) assay was developed to estimate dna from m.paratuberculosis. first, the s ... | 2017 | 29284204 |
| early detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle with multiplex-bead based immunoassays. | johne's disease (jd), caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), results in significant economic loss to livestock production. the early detection of map infection in animals with extant serological assays has remained challenging due to the low sensitivity of commercially available elisa tests, a fact that has hampered the development of effective jd control programs. our recent protein microarray-based studies identified several promising candidate antigens that are immun ... | 2017 | 29261761 |
| diagnostic potential of the peptide-mediated magnetic separation (pms)-phage assay and pms-culture to detect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine milk samples. | controlling the spread of johne's disease, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), in domestic livestock is challenging. current diagnostic methods lack sufficient sensitivity to detect subclinically infected animals, and thus, better diagnostic methods are needed. this study was carried out to investigate the diagnostic potential of two novel peptide-mediated magnetic separation (pms)-based tests-a pms-phage assay and pms-culture-both of which have been developed and optimi ... | 2017 | 29250933 |
| pathogenesis, molecular genetics, and genomics of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the etiologic agent of johne's disease. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiologic agent of johne's disease in ruminants causing chronic diarrhea, malnutrition, and muscular wasting. neonates and young animals are infected primarily by the fecal-oral route. map attaches to, translocates via the intestinal mucosa, and is phagocytosed by macrophages. the ensuing host cellular immune response leads to granulomatous enteritis characterized by a thick and corrugated intestinal wall. we review various tissue culture ... | 2017 | 29164142 |
| incidence of fecal excretion of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy cows before and after the enrolment in the québec voluntary program. | paratuberculosis is a chronic and contagious enteric disease of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). this disease of worldwide distribution is responsible for significant economic losses and the bacteria itself has been linked to human crohn's disease. paratuberculosis control programs focus on reducing map transmission by implementing better management practices that target infection routes. in québec, a voluntary paratuberculosis prevention and control program ... | 2017 | 29157379 |
| case definition terminology for paratuberculosis (johne's disease). | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is an economically significant condition caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. however, difficulties in diagnosis and classification of individual animals with the condition have hampered research and impeded efforts to halt its progressive spread in the global livestock industry. descriptive terms applied to individual animals and herds such as exposed, infected, diseased, clinical, sub-clinical, infectious and resistant need to be defined so ... | 2017 | 29121939 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis - an important food borne pathogen of high public health significance with special reference to india: an update. | this review underlines the public health significance of 'indian bison type' of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and also its potential as 'zoonotic infection'. in the absence of control programs, bio-load of map is increasing and if we take total population of animals (500 million plus) and human beings (1.23 billion plus) into account, the number of infected animals and human beings will run into millions in india. our research on screening of over 26,000 domestic livestoc ... | 2017 | 29090657 |
| draft genome sequence of a rare pigmented mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis type c strain. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of paratuberculosis. we report here the draft genome sequence of a rare pigmented m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis type c strain, comprising 58 contigs and having a genome size of 4,851,414 bp. the genome will assist in the execution of pigmentation and virulence studies on this mycobacterium. | 2017 | 29025941 |
| which phenotypic traits of resistance should be improved in cattle to control paratuberculosis dynamics in a dairy herd: a modelling approach. | paratuberculosis is a worldwide disease causing production losses in dairy cattle herds. variability of cattle response to exposure to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) has been highlighted. such individual variability could influence map spread at larger scale. cattle resistance to paratuberculosis has been shown to be heritable, suggesting genetic selection could enhance disease control. our objective was to identify which phenotypic traits characterising the individual course ... | 2017 | 29017553 |
| johne's disease in cattle: an in vitro model to study early response to infection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using rna-seq. | johne's disease is a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratubercolosis (map) which affects ruminants worldwide and has a significant economic impact. map has also been associated with human crohn's disease, although this connection is not well established. map is highly adapted for survival within host macrophages and prevents macrophage activation, blocks phagosome acidification and maturation, and attenuates presentation of antigens to the immune system. the ... | 2017 | 28988040 |
| early-life exposures and johne's disease risk in zoo ruminants. | johne's disease, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic, progressive bacterial enteritis of ruminants that can cause serious losses in both livestock and exotic species. infection risk in exotic ruminants is associated with maternal infection status, but the effect of other herdmates on risk of infection has not been reported, to our knowledge. we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the association between map infection status and early-life cont ... | 2018 | 28985710 |
| use of an individual-based model to control transmission pathways of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle herds. | johne's disease (jd) is a chronic enteric disease in cattle caused by mycobacterium avian subsp. paratuberculosis (map). eradicating jd is a difficult task due to the long incubation period of map, inefficient diagnostic tests, and delayed clinical signs. effective control strategies can help farmers to reduce prevalence, but those most acceptable to farmers combine specific information about lactation performance and testing results, which existing models do not provide. this paper presents an ... | 2017 | 28928423 |
| controlling bovine paratuberculosis at a regional scale: towards a decision modelling tool. | johne's disease (paratuberculosis), a worldwide enzootic disease of cattle caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), mainly introduced into farms by purchasing infected animals, has a large economic impact for dairy producers. since diagnostic tests used in routine are poorly sensitive, observing map spread in the field is hardly possible, whereas there is a need for evaluating control strategies. our objective was to provide a modelling framework to compare the efficacy of re ... | 2017 | 28919398 |
| paratuberculosis in latin america: a systematic review. | latin america is the definition of the american group, where languages of latin origin are spoken, including countries in south, central, and north america. paratuberculosis is a gastrointestinal contagious chronic disease that affects ruminants, whose etiological agent is the bacilli mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). paratuberculosis is characterized by intermittent diarrhea, decreased milk production, dehydration, and progressive weight loss and is possibly involved in crohn's ... | 2017 | 28884331 |
| identification of additional loci associated with antibody response to mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in cattle by gsea-snp analysis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: (map) causes a contagious chronic infection results in johne's disease in a wide range of animal species, including cattle. several genome-wide association studies (gwas) have been carried out to identify loci putatively associated with map susceptibility by testing each marker separately and identifying snps that show a significant association with the phenotype, while snp with modest effects are usually ignored. the objective of this study was to id ... | 2017 | 28864882 |
| identification of sero-reactive antigens for the early diagnosis of johne's disease in cattle. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease (jd), a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease of cattle and other ruminants. jd has a high herd prevalence and causes serious animal health problems and significant economic loss in domesticated ruminants throughout the world. since serological detection of map infected animals during the early stages of infection remains challenging due to the low sensitivity of extant assays, we screened 180 well-char ... | 2017 | 28863177 |