| pigeon pneumonia in provence: a bird-borne q fever outbreak. | q fever is a widespread zoonosis caused by coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium, which humans usually acquire through the inhalation of infected dust from subclinically infected mammals. human infection commonly takes place when an infected mammal gives birth, since high concentrations of the organism are found in the products of conception. worldwide, cattle, sheep, and goats are the most common reservoirs for c. burnetii. a few investigators have also reported parturient cats ... | 1999 | 10530457 |
| differential expression of translational elements by life cycle variants of coxiella burnetii. | coxiella burnetii replicates as distinct morphological forms, which may allow potential life cycle variants to survive the harsh environment of the phagolysosome. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were compared by western blotting for reactivity with large cell variant (lcv) and small cell variant (scv) antigens to characterize proteins differentially expressed by c. burnetii. mab nm7.3 reacted with a approximately 32-kda lcv-upregulated antigen, and mab nm183 reacted with a approximately 45-kda lcv- ... | 1999 | 10531263 |
| livedo reticularis revealing a latent infective endocarditis due to coxiella burnetti. | we report the first case of livedo reticularis revealing a latent infective endocarditis due to coxiella burnetti. the patient, a 54-year-old woman, also had chronic thrombocytopenia and mixed cryoglobulinemia. chronic q fever was confirmed by serodiagnosis and livedo regressed totally with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine. | 1999 | 10534665 |
| intraspecies diversity of coxiella burnetii as revealed by com1 and mucz sequence comparison. | coxiella burnetii is classified within the gamma subgroup of the proteobacteria. all strains tested to date have an identical 16s rrna sequence but 20 different genotypes have been determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). in this study, intraspecies genetic diversity was investigated by sequence comparison of 715 bp of the com1 encoding gene (com1) and 774 bp of the mucz encoding gene (mucz) in 37 strains isolated from animals and humans with acute or chronic q fever in europe, nor ... | 1999 | 10547445 |
| [sheep, chills and "doughnut granuloma"--an atypical course of coxiella infection]. | q fever usually presents with high fever, headache and an atypical pneumonia. a case report of a 47-year-old patient with an atypical course of a coxiella infection is described. the dominant clinical symptoms were a liver and bone marrow involvement, whereas pulmonary manifestations were absent. the diagnosis of q fever in this patient was based on the detection of cytoplasmatic inclusion bodies in macrophages and granulocytes. furthermore fibrin-ring granulomas ("doughnut lesions") were found ... | 1999 | 10549097 |
| improved detection of coxiella burnetii (q fever) in livestock tissue through silica matrix dna extraction and high-sensitivity pcr. | | 1999 | 10551446 |
| differentiation of coxiella burnetii isolates by sequence determination and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene. | the isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) gene of coxiella burnetii was cloned and sequenced to differentiate between isolates with various geographic origins and phenotypic properties. based on the gene sequences all 19 isolates studied could be divided into three groups. group 1 contained isolates originating from acute cases of q fever, ticks and cows. groups 2 and 3 included isolates from chronic q fever patients and a prototype strain from an aborted goat. although the icd gene profiles were diffe ... | 1999 | 10556719 |
| subversion of monocyte functions by coxiella burnetii: impairment of the cross-talk between alphavbeta3 integrin and cr3. | several intracellular pathogens exploit macrophages as a niche for survival and replication. the success of this strategy requires the subversion or the avoidance of microbicidal functions of macrophages. coxiella burnetii, the agent of q fever, is a strictly intracellular bacterium that multiplies in myeloid cells. the survival of c. burnetii may depend on the selective use of macrophage receptors. virulent c. burnetii organisms were poorly internalized but survived successfully in human monocy ... | 1999 | 10570297 |
| [the laboratory diagnosis of rickettsioses]. | difficulties in the clinical diagnosis of rickettsiosis and related illnesses made it necessary to develop and improve its methods (immunoferment analysis, nondirect methods of fluorescent antibodies and polimerase chain reaction). detailed recommendations for diagnosis of q-fever by the level and growth of antibodies of igg and iga subclasses. | 1999 | 10575953 |
| remote village survey for agents causing hepatosplenic disease in the republic of yemen. | the objective of this study was to epidemiologically describe potential infectious agents among rural people in the republic of yemen. this would aid clinicians in designing empirical therapy and public health officials in planning disease prevention. we sought to examine evidence for the geographical distribution of pathogens causing human hepatic and splenic disease among villagers and domestic animals living in three remote areas with differing altitudes. in june 1992, a cross-sectional surve ... | 1999 | 10578634 |
| coxiella burnetii survives in monocytes from patients with q fever endocarditis: involvement of tumor necrosis factor. | endocarditis is the most frequent form of chronic q fever, an infectious disease caused by coxiella burnetii. as this obligate intracellular bacterium inhabits monocytes and macrophages, we wondered if pathogenesis of q fever endocarditis is related to defective intracellular killing of c. burnetii by monocytes. monocytes from healthy controls eliminated virulent c. burnetii within 3 days. in contrast, monocytes from patients with ongoing q fever endocarditis were unable to eliminate bacteria ev ... | 2000 | 10603382 |
| repeated pregnancies in balb/c mice infected with coxiella burnetii cause disseminated infection, resulting in stillbirth and endocarditis. | q fever is a widespread zoonosis caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium coxiella burnetii. although this highly virulent organism is most concentrated in mammals during parturition, there are few reports on the manifestations of perinatal q fever in the human and animal host. the affinity of c. burnetii to pregnancy and its abortifacient potential were investigated in a murine animal model. intraperitoneal infection of female balb/c mice with c. burnetii, followed by repeated pregnancies ... | 2000 | 10608766 |
| microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised patients. | adult patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia were studied prospectively to determine the microbial aetiology of pneumonia. between april 1996 and march 1997, blood and sputum samples were collected for culture. throat swabs were obtained for isolation of viruses and for detection of antigens of chlamydia pneumoniae, influenza viruses a and b, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus. antibodies against legionella spp., mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, chla ... | 1999 | 10614951 |
| long term vascular complications of coxiella burnetii infection. cardiovascular risk factors cannot be ignored. | | 2000 | 10617545 |
| sonicated diagnostic immunoblot for bartonellosis. | two simple bartonella bacilliformis immunoblot preparation methods were developed. antigen was prepared by two different methods: sonication of whole organisms or glycine extraction. both methods were then tested for sensitivity and specificity. well-defined control sera were utilized in the development of these diagnostic immunoblots, and possible cross-reactions were thoroughly examined. sera investigated for cross-reaction with these diagnostic antigens were drawn from patients with brucellos ... | 2000 | 10618267 |
| outbreak of q fever following a safari trip. | | 2000 | 10619763 |
| q-fever associated with splenic infarction and an anti-cardiolipin antibody. | | 1999 | 10630667 |
| evaluation of cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and rhesus (macaca mulatta) monkeys as experimental models of acute q fever after aerosol exposure to phase-i coxiella burnetii. | q fever is a disease of humans. vaccines to prevent this disease have demonstrated efficacy in rodents and must also be evaluated for efficacy in a nonhuman primate model. preliminary to vaccine efficacy experiments, cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys were evaluated as suitable experimental models of acute q fever. | 1999 | 10638499 |
| [acute hepatitis due to coxiella burnetii with significant cytolysis]. | | 1999 | 10650654 |
| the threat of biological terrorism: a public health and infection control reality. | bioterrorism is an emerging public health and infection control threat. potential biological agents include smallpox, anthrax, plague, tularemia, botulinum toxin, brucellosis, q fever, viral encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, and staphylococcal enterotoxin b. an understanding of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management of the more likely candidate agents is critical to limiting morbidity and mortality from a biological event. effective response requires an increased index of suspi ... | 2000 | 10656359 |
| diagnosis of quinolone-resistant coxiella burnetii strains by pcr-rflp. | a total of 12 strains of coxiella burnetii (8 greek isolates from acute q-fever patients, two reference strains-nine mile and q212-and two pefloxacin-resistant laboratory strains) were examined for the presence of point mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (qrdr) of gyra gene by direct dna sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified fragments. the gene sequences of all eight greek isolates and the two reference strains nine mile and q212 [minimal inhibitory co ... | 2000 | 10683615 |
| prospective study of community-acquired pneumonia of bacterial etiology in adults. | the aim of this study was to prospectively analyze the bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in spain. from may 1994 to february 1996, 392 episodes of cap diagnosed in the emergency department of a 600-bed university hospital were studied. an etiological diagnosis based on noninvasive microbiological investigations was achieved in 228 cases (58%); 173 of these diagnoses were definitive and 55 probable. streptococcus pneumoniae, which caused 23.9% of the episodes, was the p ... | 1999 | 10691195 |
| distribution of immunoglobulin g (igg) and a (iga) subclasses following q fever vaccination with soluble phase i coxiella burnetii extract. | high levels of igg1, igg3 and iga2 antibodies have been observed in patients with q fever following coxiella burnetii infection. this igg subclass distribution is more typical of viral and autoimmune diseases than of bacterial infections. it seemed, therefore, of interest to carry out a prospective study of the distribution of immunoglobulin subclasses after vaccination with phase i c. burnetii tricloroacetic soluble extracts to detect possible differences with respect to natural infection. the ... | 2000 | 10699325 |
| seroprevalence of coxiellosis in cattle, sheep and people in the east of turkey. | serum samples collected randomly from 416 cattle in 48 herds, and 411 sheep in 47 flocks, in eight different locations in the east of turkey between june and december 1998, were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) to determine the prevalence of q fever. the age, sex, breed, tick control and abortion history of the animals were also recorded. in addition, 102 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy people who were at risk of contracting the disease, such as farmers, ... | 2000 | 10706331 |
| expression of beta-lactamase in coxiella burnetii transformants. | coxiella burnetii can be transformed to ampicillin resistance by electroporation with plasmids encoding beta-lactamase. however, non-plasmid emergence of resistance to ampicillin also develops. to validate the usefulness of the bla gene marker for selection and detection, transformed c. burnetii were examined for beta-lactamase expression by use of immunoblotting after sds-page. the 29-kda mature form of the beta-lactamase protein was detected in c. burnetii lysates. quantitation of these immuno ... | 2000 | 10713438 |
| q fever endocarditis associated with extensive serological cross-reactivity. | | 2000 | 10722459 |
| caprine-associated q fever in newfoundland. | | 2000 | 10726366 |
| the detection of coxiella burnetii from ovine genital swabs, milk and fecal samples by the use of a single touchdown polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), targeting the repetitive transposon-like region of coxiella burnetii (trans-pcr), was evaluated for its ability to detect directly c. burnetii in genital swabs, milk and fecal specimens of ewes. by using a combination of centrifugation step, dna purification using qiamp tissue kit followed by trans-pcr assay, the efficiency for detection of coxiella in ewes milk samples was further improved and one c. burnetii-cell could be detected in 1ml of milk. in additio ... | 2000 | 10727838 |
| seroprevalence of coxiella burnetii infection in southern taiwan. | the emergence of infection with coxiella burnetii, the causative organism of q fever, has been only recently recognized in taiwan. several cases of acute q fever infection have been described, but the prevalence of antibodies to c. burnetii in the general population in taiwan has not been reported. thus, we studied the seroprevalence of c. burnetii infection in southern taiwan. | 2000 | 10743344 |
| comparison of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with immunofluorescence and complement fixation tests for detection of coxiella burnetii (q fever) immunoglobulin m. | a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the diagnosis of q fever (panbio coxiella burnetii immunoglobulin m [igm] elisa, qfm-200) was compared to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for c. burnetii igm and the complement fixation test (cft). the elisa demonstrated 92% agreement with the reference method (ifat), and gave a sensitivity of 99% (69 of 70 samples) and a specificity of 88% (106 of 121). specificity can be increased with confirmation by ifat. cf ... | 2000 | 10747159 |
| induced production of nitric oxide and sensitivity of alveolar macrophages derived from mice with different sensitivity to coxiella burnetii. | we compared in vitro sensitivities to coxiella burnetii of alveolar macrophages, derived from mice sensitive and resistant to c. burnetii, respectively, and examined the role of nitric oxide (no) in the c. burnetii infection. alveolar macrophages of sensitive a/j mice showed a larger population of c. burnetii antigen-positive cells than those of resistant c57bl/6 mice. c. burnetii induced no production in alveolar macrophages, but n-methyl-l-arginine and sodium nitroprusside (snp), no inhibitor ... | 1999 | 10757226 |
| detection of coxiella burnetii dna in dental pulp during experimental bacteremia. | colonization of dental pulp by blood-borne bacteria in the absence of previous inflammation has been hypothetized but has never been convincingly demonstrated. in order to provide convincing support for this hypothesis we attempted to detect coxiella burnetii dna in the dental pulp of bacteremic, intraperitoneally inoculated guinea-pigs by pcr amplification and direct sequencing of two molecular targets. coxiella burnetii dna was recovered from 20-50% of the animals depending on the molecular ta ... | 2000 | 10764616 |
| proposed modifications to the duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. | although the sensitivity and specificity of the duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (ie) have been validated by investigators from europe and the united states, several shortcomings of this schema remain. the duke ie database contains records collected prospectively on >800 cases of definite and possible ie since 1984. databases on echocardiograms and on patients with staphylococcus aureus bacteremia at duke university medical center are also maintained. analyses of these d ... | 2000 | 10770721 |
| in vitro activities of telithromycin (hmr 3647) against rickettsia rickettsii, rickettsia conorii, rickettsia africae, rickettsia typhi, rickettsia prowazekii, coxiella burnetii, bartonella henselae, bartonella quintana, bartonella bacilliformis, and ehrlichia chaffeensis. | in vitro activities of telithromycin compared to those of erythromycin against rickettsia spp., bartonella spp., coxiella burnetii, and ehrlichia chaffeensis were determined. telithromycin was more active than erythromycin against rickettsia, bartonella, and coxiella burnetii, with mics of 0.5 microg/ml, 0.003 to 0.015 microg/ml, and 1 microg/ml, respectively, but was inactive against ehrlichia chaffeensis. | 2000 | 10770788 |
| q fever 1985-1998. clinical and epidemiologic features of 1,383 infections. | in order to describe the clinical features and the epidemiologic findings of 1,383 patients hospitalized in france for acute or chronic q fever, we conducted a retrospective analysis based on 74,702 sera tested in our diagnostic center, national reference center and world health organization collaborative center for rickettsial diseases. the physicians in charge of all patients with evidence of acute q fever (seroconversion and/or presence of igm) or chronic q fever (prolonged disease and/or igg ... | 2000 | 10771709 |
| rash and petechiae as presenting signs of q fever. | | 2000 | 10783031 |
| q fever after a journey in syria: a diagnosis suggested by bone marrow biopsy. | a belgian patient developed q fever after a journey in syria. coxiella burnetii infection was diagnosed because of the presence of granulomas with a central vacuole in a bone marrow biopsy. during doxycycline treatment all his symptoms disappeared. | 2000 | 10783505 |
| primary aortoduodenal fistula and q fever: an underrecognized association? | we report a rare case of primary aortoduodenal fistula (adf) secondary to a coxiella burnetii (q fever) infection in a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. a review of the available literature on the vascular complications of q fever is presented. q fever should be suspected in vascular patients with close animal contact when a standard infectious work-up is unrevealing. diagnostic steps and management strategies for primary adf are also briefly reviewed. | 2000 | 10796960 |
| [the laboratory diagnosis of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever at oblivskaya village, rostov province: proof of the etiological role of the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus]. | the results of the molecular biological detection of the etiologic agent of hemorrhagic fever in rostov province are presented. the role of the causative agents of astrakhan rickettsial fever, hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome, q fever, leptospirosis and listeriosis has been excluded by means of such immunochemical reactions as the direct and indirect immunofluorescent tests, the solid-phase immunoenzyme assay, the complement fixation test and the agglutination test. the relationship bet ... | 2000 | 10808570 |
| reduced transendothelial migration of monocytes infected by coxiella burnetii. | the migratory properties of thp1 monocytes infected by coxiella burnetii were determined in a transmigration assay across a human microvascular endothelial cell monolayer. transendothelial migration of monocytes infected by virulent, but not avirulent, c. burnetii was inhibited. this inhibition was observed in spite of conserved adherence properties of infected monocytes. | 2000 | 10816549 |
| q fever epidemiology and pathogenesis. | the lungs are a port of entry and primary infectious focus of coxiella burnetii, the obligate intracellular contagium of the worldwide zoonosis q fever. the infectious process and immune response are characterised by studies in cell culture and animal systems. following endocytosis, replication exclusively occurs in the phagolysosome. several potential virulence factors are described. | 2000 | 10817644 |
| consecutive epidemics of q fever in a residential facility for drug abusers: impact on persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | two large outbreaks of q fever occurred in 1987 and 1988 in an agricultural community for the rehabilitation of drug users. approximately 40% of the residents were human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive. two hundred thirty-five residents presented with clinical evidence of a flulike syndrome that was confirmed to be q fever; moreover, a large proportion of residents developed an asymptomatic infection. clinical signs and symptoms were rather nonspecific: fever, malaise, and muscle pain that ... | 1999 | 10825052 |
| q fever pneumonia: ct findings. | to evaluate the computed tomographic (ct) features of q fever pneumonia. | 2000 | 10831714 |
| rickettsial diseases and their serological diagnosis. | rickettsial diseases (typhus and spotted fever group rickettsioses, scrub typhus and q fever) may pose a serious public health problem, namely when they are non-diagnosed or misdiagnosed. although rickettsiae can be isolated from or detected in clinical specimens, serological tests still remain an indispensable tool in the diagnosis of rickettsial diseases. the complement fixation test widely used in the past is being replaced by other tests which make differentiation of immunoglobulin classes p ... | 2000 | 10853230 |
| coxiella burnetii exhibits morphological change and delays phagolysosomal fusion after internalization by j774a.1 cells. | coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of q fever, is an obligate intracellular bacterium proliferating within the harsh environment of the phagolysosome. mechanisms controlling trafficking to, and survival of pathogens within, the phagolysosome are unknown. two distinct morphological variants have been implicated as playing a role in c. burnetii survival. the dormant small-cell variant (scv) is resistant to extracellular stresses and the more metabolically active large-cell variant (lcv) is s ... | 2000 | 10858189 |
| sequencing and characterization of the cryptic plasmid qprs from coxiella burnetii. | plasmid qprs from coxiella burnetii, isolate priscilla q177, phase i, has been completely sequenced. dna for sequencing was amplified with "extra-long" (xl) pcr. the size of the qprs plasmid sequence was determined to be 39,280 bp, with a g + c content of 39.3%. putative proteins associated with replication and recombination were identified. the sequence of qprs plasmid was analyzed for shared and unique regions among c. burnetii plasmids. | 2000 | 10873529 |
| [rickettsia infections in portugal]. | after a brief introduction about rickettsioses, we analyse mediterranean spotted fever (msf) in portugal, and review portuguese medical literature. we focussed on the seasonal summer pattern of the disease. msf is very frequent in portugal, nearly 1,000 cases are reported every year and young age groups are the most afflicted. although usually regarded as a benign condition, msf has emerged as a potentially lethal disease in recent years. the clinical presentation is protean, but usually suggest ... | 1999 | 10892433 |
| range expansion of the tick amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum, an australian vector of q fever. | the tick amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum has previously been reported from western australia, queensland and new south wales. a viable population of this species, including all developmental stages, has now been discovered on the southern end of yorke peninsula, south australia. species determination was carried out morphologically and using 18s and 16s rrna. the data for 16s rrna are the first published for this species. amblyomma t. triguttatum is significant through its involvement in the n ... | 2000 | 10899523 |
| the public health laboratory service (phls) and its role in the control of zoonotic disease. | the aetiology of zoonotic infections embraces organisms from every branch of the microbial world. in addition, zoonoses must be considered as a truly global problem, both in terms of their distribution and the measures required for their control. within the uk, zoonotic disease is considered to be less frequent than in some less developed parts of the world. however, its contribution to overall morbidity and mortality within the uk population is not well established. in an attempt to define the ... | 2000 | 10913770 |
| vaccination of cattle workers at risk of q fever on the north coast of new south wales. | q fever is the most common zoonotic disease of livestock handlers and abattoir workers in rural australia. | 2000 | 10914459 |
| [q fever: not just in sheep]. | four patients, a woman aged 41 years and 3 men aged 12, 47 and 44 years, developed high fever after returning from a farm vacation in the ardèche (france). they also suffered from severe headache, a painful tightness of the chest, abdominal pain or myalgia. other symptoms were shivers, tiredness and a cough. while physical examination revealed few abnormalities, the chest x-ray in 3 patients showed an atypical pneumonia. one of these patients developed dural venous sinus thrombosis with increase ... | 2000 | 10918906 |
| [acute and chronic q fever; epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis and therapy of infection caused by coxiella burnetii]. | q fever is a zoonosis caused by coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium. domestic ungulates and parturient cats are the primary reservoirs of infection. the animals excrete the bacterium in urine, faeces, milk and amniotic fluid. after desiccation the micro-organism spreads via aerosols. after inhalation or ingestion and an incubation period of 2-6 weeks acute q fever may develop with atypical pneumonia and hepatitis as major clinical symptoms. the infection also may present as a ... | 2000 | 10918908 |
| infectivity, transmission and 16s rrna sequencing of a rickettsia, coxiella cheraxi sp. nov., from the freshwater crayfish cherax quadricarinatus. | a rickettsia-like organism isolated from infected, farm-reared cherax quadricarinatus was cultured in the yolk sac of developing chicken eggs, but could not be cultured in 3 continuous cell lines, bluegill fry (bf-2), fathead minnow (fhm), and spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9). the organism was confirmed by fulfilling koch's postulates as the aetiological agent of mortalities amongst c. quadricarinatus. when c. quadricarinatus was inoculated with the organism, mortality was 100% at 28 degrees c and 8 ... | 2000 | 10918979 |
| the 75-kd tumour necrosis factor (tnf) receptor is specifically up-regulated in monocytes during q fever endocarditis. | q fever is an infectious disease caused by coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular microorganism that inhabits monocytes/macrophages. the dysregulated production of tnf-alpha in q fever endocarditis has been associated with defective killing of c. burnetii by patient monocytes. as soluble receptors for tnf-alpha (tnf-r55 and tnf-r75) regulate tnf-alpha activity, we investigated their release by monocytes in q fever. spontaneous and c. burnetii-stimulated release of tnf-r75, but not of tnf-r ... | 2000 | 10931145 |
| [acute renal insufficiency with complication of acute infection by coxiella burnetii]. | | 2000 | 10932403 |
| [bone marrow granulomatosis in q-fever]. | petersdorf and beeson defined fever of unknown origin (fuo) as an illness characterized by rectal temperature exceeding 38.3 degrees c on at least 3 occasions, evolving during at least 3 weeks, with no diagnosis reached after 1 week of in-patient investigation. a quarter of fuo cases is caused by infectious diseases, most often hidden abscesses, subacute endocarditis and tuberculosis. | 2000 | 10943102 |
| [coxiella burnetii endocarditis: long-term clinical course in 20 patients]. | coxiella burnetii is a causative agent of increasingly frequent subacute infective endocarditis, and is associated with elevated morbimortality. our aim in the present study was to assess the clinical, serological and therapeutic long-term evolution of 20 patients with coxiella burnetii endocarditis. | 2000 | 10944993 |
| long-term persistence of coxiella burnetii in the host after primary q fever. | after a primary infection coxiella burnetii may persist covertly in animals and recrudesce at parturition to be shed in the products of conception and the milk. similar latent persistence and recrudescence occurs in man: namely, infection of placenta, heart valve or mural endocardium, bone or liver. the numbers of organisms, their viability and cellular form, and the underlying organ sites of latent infection for the coxiella are obscure. during investigations of 29 patients with a chronic seque ... | 2000 | 10982079 |
| alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and bacterial lipopolysaccharide are involved in coxiella burnetii-stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor by human monocytes. | coxiella burnetii, the agent of q fever, enters human monocytes through alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and survives inside host cells. in addition, c. burnetii stimulates the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (tnf) by monocytes. we studied the role of the interaction of c. burnetii with thp-1 monocytes in tnf production. tnf transcripts and tnf release reached maximum values within 4 h. almost all monocytes bound c. burnetii after 4 h, while the percentage of phagocyt ... | 2000 | 10992470 |
| cross-reactivity between coxiella burnetii and chlamydiae. | a cross-reactivity among some strains of coxiella burnetii and chlamydiae with immune rabbit and mouse sera in elisa and immunoblot analysis was observed. in the latter, the cross-reactivity disappeared after a treatment of c. burnetii or c. psittaci with proteinase k, which indicates that only proteins were involved. the observed cross-reactivity was not influenced by host chick embryo yolk sac proteins. after adsorption of immune rabbit sera with homologous corpuscular antigens the cross-react ... | 1999 | 10997139 |
| q fever seroprevalence and associated risk factors among students from the veterinary school of zaragoza, spain. | q fever is a zoonosis related to the existence of coxiella burnetii infected animals. the authors studied the seroprevalence and risk factors associated to c. burnetii infection in veterinary students in zaragoza (spain). sera were collected at the beginning and the end of the academic year (1994-1995) and were tested by complement fixation test to detect antibodies against c. burnetii. 10.02 and 11.02% seroprevalences were observed at the beginning and the end of the study respectively. the cum ... | 2000 | 10997835 |
| [drug treatment of coxiella burnetii endocarditis]. | | 2000 | 11002466 |
| guinea pig abscess/hypersensitivity model for study of adverse vaccination reactions induced by use of q fever vaccines. | the coxiella burnetii phase-i cellular vaccine is efficacious in humans, imparting nearly complete protection against q fever. however, this vaccine can also induce sterile abscesses and granulomas at the inoculation site in humans previously sensitized by natural infection or vaccination. to decrease the possibility of vaccinating immune persons, vaccinees are currently screened by skin testing to detect pre-existing q fever immunity. we developed a model of abscess hypersensitivity in hartley ... | 2000 | 11020154 |
| coxiella burnetii infection is associated with placentitis in cases of bovine abortion. | a positive score on a modified acid-fast (maf)-stained smear test of fresh placenta was used to identify a group of bovine abortion submissions believed to be infected with coxiella burnetii. immunohistochemical (ihc) testing for coxiella and chlamydia antigens was performed on 14 maf smear-positive cases as well as 29 maf smear-negative cases received during the study period. nine maf smear-positive cases as well as 1 maf smear-negative case were coxiella-positive via the ihc test. no placentas ... | 2000 | 11021428 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to coxiella burnetti among pregnant women in south eastern france. | to estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies to coxiella burnetii among pregnant women and to assess the effect of q fever on pregnancy outcome. | 2000 | 11074136 |
| coxiella burnetii myopericarditis and rhabdomyolysis in a child. | | 2000 | 11099098 |
| detection of serum antibodies to bartonella henselae and coxiella burnetii from japanese children and pregnant women. | the participation of bartonella henselae and coxiella burnetii in the pathogenesis of fever of unknown origin (fuo) and lymphadenopathy has not been completely clarified. prevalence of these two agents in japanese children is also unknown. serum igg and igm antibodies to b. henselae and to c. burnetii were examined by the indirect fluorescence antibody assay. enzyme immunoassay kits were used to detect serum igg and iga antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis. out of 200 healthy normal pregnant ... | 2000 | 11099929 |
| infection of vero cells with coxiella burnetii phase ii: relative intracellular bacterial load and distribution estimated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and morphometry. | coxiella burnetii, the agent of q fever in man and of coxiellosis in other species, is an intracellular pathogen not yet grown axenically. confocal laser fluorescence microscopy and morphometry were used to measure relative c. burnetii phase ii loads and their intracellular distribution in aldehyde fixed and dapi stained vero cell monolayers. the fluorescence of single horizontal optical sections provided useful information on relative loads of bacteria in cells and vacuoles. the relative densit ... | 2001 | 11118656 |
| bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of moxifloxacin against coxiella burnetii. | the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against coxiella burnetii was compared to those of pefloxacin, ofloxacin, and doxycycline. mics of moxifloxacin ranged from 0.5 to 1 microg/ml for the nine mile, priscilla, and q212 strains. moxifloxacin was not bactericidal against c. burnetii at 4 microg/ml. | 2001 | 11120982 |
| [a rare cause of myocarditis in a 30-year-old patient]. | case report: a 30-year-old male was admitted to hospital because of chest pain and raised cardiac enzymes. coronary heart disease was excluded by coronary angiography. assuming myocarditis serological testing was performed and showed markedly raised antibody titers against coxiella burnetii. we treated the patient with doxycycline, 2 times 100 mg daily for 5 months. conclusion: acute q-fever should be considered as a possible cause of myocarditis, especially in rural areas. | 2000 | 11143547 |
| endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria. | the etiologic diagnosis of infective endocarditis is easily made in the presence of continuous bacteremia with gram-positive cocci. however, the blood culture may contain a bacterium rarely associated with endocarditis, such as lactobacillus spp., klebsiella spp., or nontoxigenic corynebacterium, salmonella, gemella, campylobacter, aeromonas, yersinia, nocardia, pasteurella, listeria, or erysipelothrix spp., that requires further investigation to establish the relationship with endocarditis, or ... | 2001 | 11148009 |
| [q-fever outbreak in dortmund in the summer of 1999. results of an epidemiological outbreak study]. | in the summer of 1999, the health department of the city of dortmund registered an increased incidence rate of reported q-fever-diseases. q-fever is a zoonosis caused by the coxiella burnetii bacterium which typically multiplies within cells. to investigate the cause of this outbreak, an investigation was initiated. clinical and veterinary examinations, investigations of the environment and an epidemiological case-control-study were combined. patients as well as healthy persons interviewed for c ... | 2000 | 11151705 |
| [coxiella burnetii infections and infections with bacteria of the genus chlamydia in dairy cattle]. | comparative studies on the prevalence of infections caused by coxiella burnetii (c. burnetii) and chlamydia were carried out with 592 cattle older than 2 years and 234 cattle younger than 2 years. of these 477 originated from 24 dairy herds with considerable fertility problems (positive herds) and 349 from 14 dairy herds without major fertility problems (control herds). for the direct detection of these pathogens in the genitals capture elisas were employed, for the demonstration of antibodies t ... | 2000 | 11153221 |
| identification and characterization of the dnaa upstream region of thermus thermophilus. | the gene order in the dnaa region of thermus thermophilus was determined. previously, we showed that the putative oric of t. thermophilus is located in the dnaa-dnan intergenic region. in the 4 kb region upstream of the dnaa gene four orfs were found, all orientated in the same direction which is opposite to that of dnaa. the orfs were identified as t. thermophilus homologs of gida, gidb, soj and spo0j of bacillus subtilis. the gene order spo0j-soj-gidb-gida-dnaa-dnan resembles that of b. subtil ... | 2000 | 11167017 |
| risks and prevention of nosocomial transmission of rare zoonotic diseases. | americans are increasingly exposed to exotic zoonotic diseases through travel, contact with exotic pets, occupational exposure, and leisure pursuits. appropriate isolation precautions are required to prevent nosocomial transmission of rare zoonotic diseases for which person-to-person transmission has been documented. this minireview provides guidelines for the isolation of patients and management of staff exposed to the following infectious diseases with documented person-to-person transmission: ... | 2001 | 11170953 |
| association of bartonella species and coxiella burnetii infection with coronary artery disease. | coronary artery disease is an inflammatory condition associated with several infections. we prospectively evaluated 155 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography for evidence of bartonella species and coxiella burnetii infection. all bartonella cultures were found to be negative. multivariable logistic regression analysis that controlled for potential confounding factors revealed no association between coronary artery disease and seropositivity to bartonella henselae (odds ratio [or], ... | 2001 | 11181164 |
| coxiella burnetii lymphadenitis: a possible fever focus in acute q fever. | | 2000 | 11192537 |
| a case of q fever acquired in sweden and isolation of the probable ethiological agent, coxiella burnetii from an indigenous source. | serologically verified indigenous q fever is described in a 52-y-old male, who presented with persistent fever, muscle and joint pain, headache and non-purulent cough. institution of doxycycline resulted in prompt recovery. coxiella burnetii was isolated from mouldy hay in a barn. the strain differs from previously isolated ones in sweden. | 2000 | 11200368 |
| [landscape and geographical distribution of natural reservoirs of human vector-borne diseases in southern kazakhstan and kirghizia]. | the paper presents data available in the literature on the natural foci of plague, tularemia, tick-borne spirochetosis, crimean hemorrhagic fever, tick typhus, q fever, zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. the largest number of transmissible infections is shown to be in the natural areas of deserts and piedmont semiarid lands. | 1999 | 11220999 |
| [prospective study of 221 community acquired pneumonias followed up in an outpatient clinic. etiology and clinical-radiological progression]. | all the community acquired pneumonia followed up in an outpatient clinic were prospectively studied in order to determine: etiology, clinical-radiological characteristics and its progression with diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. | 2001 | 11222171 |
| ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat. | ticks are currently considered to be second only to mosquitoes as vectors of human infectious diseases in the world. each tick species has preferred environmental conditions and biotopes that determine the geographic distribution of the ticks and, consequently, the risk areas for tickborne diseases. this is particularly the case when ticks are vectors and reservoirs of the pathogens. since the identification of borrelia burgdorferi as the agent of lyme disease in 1982, 15 ixodid-borne bacterial ... | 2001 | 11247714 |
| antimicrobial activity against obligate intracellular bacteria. | | 2001 | 11252254 |
| detection of fastidious bacteria in cardiac valves in cases of blood culture negative endocarditis. | the diagnosis of blood culture negative endocarditis is still a problem. fastidious bacteria such as bartonella and coxiella are responsible for cases of blood culture negative endocarditis, the identification of which is mainly based on serological and dna studies only available in specialised centres. therefore, a routine technique is needed in surgical pathology laboratories to detect these bacteria in cardiac valve tissue sections. this report describes a staining technique, the gimenez stai ... | 2001 | 11253139 |
| interleukin-10 stimulates coxiella burnetii replication in human monocytes through tumor necrosis factor down-modulation: role in microbicidal defect of q fever. | coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the agent of q fever. the chronic form of the disease is associated with the overproduction of interleukin-10 and deficient c. burnetii killing by monocytes. we hypothesized that the replication of c. burnetii inside monocytes requires a macrophage-deactivating cytokine such as interleukin-10. in the absence of interleukin-10, c. burnetii survived but did not replicate in monocytes. c. burnetii replication (measured 15 days) was induced ... | 2001 | 11254592 |
| activation of protein tyrosine kinases by coxiella burnetii: role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization and bacterial phagocytosis. | coxiella burnetii, the agent of q fever, is an obligate intracellular microorganism that grows in monocytes/macrophages. the internalization of virulent organisms by monocytes is lower than that of avirulent variants and is associated with actin cytoskeleton reorganization. we studied the activation of protein tyrosine kinases (ptks) by c. burnetii in thp-1 monocytes. virulent organisms induced early ptk activation and the tyrosine phosphorylation of several endogenous substrates, including hck ... | 2001 | 11254615 |
| study of community acquired pneumonia aetiology (scapa) in adults admitted to hospital: implications for management guidelines. | since the last british study of the microbial aetiology of community acquired pneumonia (cap) about 20 years ago, new organisms have been identified (for example, chlamydia pneumoniae), new antibiotics introduced, and fresh advances made in microbiological techniques. pathogens implicated in cap in adults admitted to hospital in the uk using modern and traditional microbiological investigations are described. | 2001 | 11254821 |
| multiplexing for the detection of multiple biowarfare agents shows promise in the field. | standard amplification of nucleic acids, or polymerase chain reaction (pcr), is replacing the more traditional microbiological assays in the detection of biological agents. however, standard pcr is designed as a one program-to-one agent amplification method, and not knowing what agents to test for makes this approach time consuming. during a field training exercise to detect four biowarfare agents using the standard pcr method, we conducted an additional experiment that reduced the diagnostic ti ... | 2001 | 11263027 |
| an evaluation of three commercial kits for use as screening methods for the detection of leptospiral antibodies in the uk. | to compare three commercial screening tests--the panbio leptospiral igm enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the biolisa leptospiral igm elisa, and the indirect haemagglutination assay (iha)--with the microscopic agglutination test (mat) and two "in house" elisas--urease and horseradish peroxidase (hrp)--for the detection of leptospiral antibodies in a local uk and eire population. | 2001 | 11271784 |
| survival of coxiella burnetii within free-living amoeba acanthamoeba castellanii. | to determine whether coxiella burnetti is able to survive within free-living amoeba. | 2001 | 11298146 |
| q fever encephalitis with cytokine profiles in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. | a 7-year-old boy with acute encephalitis was proved to have coxiella burnetii infection. cerebrospinal fluid but not serum had elevated values of interleukins 1-beta and 6, but not of tumor necrosis factor. | 2001 | 11303840 |
| community-acquired pneumonia. a prospective outpatient study. | we initiated a prospective study with a group of practitioners to assess the etiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in patients diagnosed in the outpatient setting. all patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of pneumonia and an infiltrate on chest x-ray underwent an extensive standard workup and were followed over 4 weeks. over a 4-year period, 184 patients were eligible, of whom 170 (age range, 15-96 yr; median, 43 yr) were included and analyzed. in 78 ... | 2001 | 11307590 |
| myocarditis, a rare but severe manifestation of q fever: report of 8 cases and review of the literature. | myocarditis has only rarely been described as a manifestation of acute q fever. among our series of 1276 patients in whom acute q fever was diagnosed during 1985--1999, myocarditis was diagnosed in 8. two patients (25.0%) developed cardiac symptoms during the course of interstitial pneumonia, 2 (25.0%) initially presented with unexplained fever, and 1 (12.5%) presented with febrile cutaneous rash. in 3 patients, cardiac symptoms were inaugural: 1 patient experienced heart failure, and 2 experien ... | 2001 | 11317245 |
| [outbreak of q fever and seroprevalence in a rural population from soria province]. | the aim of this study was to describe an outbreak of acute fever in a rural town from soria (spain) in the spring of 1998 and to know the prevalence of igg antibodies to coxiella burnetii in this population. | 2001 | 11333569 |
| [ehrlichiosis infection prevalence in spain or cross reactions]. | | 2001 | 11333754 |
| acute q fever: a cause of fatal hepatitis in an icelandic traveller. | domestic q fever is rare in the nordic countries; the infection is acquired abroad in the majority of cases. this is the first nordic report of a fatal case of q fever, which occurred in an icelandic cancer patient who had travelled to the canary islands. | 2001 | 11345226 |
| relationships between the shedding of coxiella burnetii, clinical signs and serological responses of 34 sheep. | two abortions associated with coxiella burnetii occurred in a group of 34 pregnant ewes. the seroprevalence of c. burnetii infection was studied by using an elisa and the immunofluorescence (if) assay was applied to the contents of vaginal swabs. in addition, a pcr assay, with primers based on a transposon-like repetitive region of the c. burnetii genome (trans-pcr), was used for the highly sensitive and specific detection of c. burnetii in vaginal swabs, milk and faeces. of the 34 animals teste ... | 2001 | 11345992 |
| intractable q fever treated with recombinant gamma interferon. | a 3-year-old boy with q fever received several kinds of antibiotics including minocycline, but spiking fever and positive pcr of coxiella burnetii continued for several months. he became asymptomatic and his abnormal laboratory data normalized after the administration of gamma interferon three times a week. | 2001 | 11368119 |
| q fever during pregnancy: an emerging cause of prematurity and abortion. | although the pathogenic role of coxiella burnetii infection during pregnancy is controversial, some cases of stillbirth and abortion occurring after an acute or chronic infection have been mentioned in the literature. recently, q fever has been advocated as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy | 2001 | 11368259 |
| goat-associated q fever: a new disease in newfoundland. | in the spring of 1999 in rural newfoundland, abortions in goats were associated with illness in goat workers. an epidemiologic investigation and a serologic survey were conducted in april 1999 to determine the number of infections, nature of illness, and risk factors for infection. thirty-seven percent of the outbreak cohort had antibody titers to phase ii coxiella burnetii antigen >1:64, suggesting recent infection. the predominant clinical manifestation of q fever was an acute febrile illness. ... | 2001 | 11384518 |
| [bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and coxiella burnetii]. | | 2001 | 11387848 |