| anti-proliferative and antioxidative activities of thai noni/yor (morinda citrifolia linn.) leaf extract. | in this study the leaves of the thai noni/yor, (morinda citrifolia linn.) were extracted by several methods and evaluated against human cancer cell lines: kb (human epidermoid carcinoma), hela (human cervical carcinoma), mcf-7 (human breast carcinoma) and hepg2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines as well as a vero (african green monkey kidney) cell line, employing the mtt colorimetric method, comparing it to damnacanthal, rutin, and scopoletin. the dichloromethane extract of the fresh le ... | 2010 | 20578533 |
| susceptible cell lines for the production of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by stable transfection of sialoadhesin and cd163. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes major economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. in vivo, the virus infects a subpopulation of tissue macrophages. in vitro, prrsv only replicates in primary pig macrophages and african green monkey kidney derived cells, such as marc-145. the latter is currently used for vaccine production. however, since virus entry in marc-145 cells is different compared to entry in primary macrophages, specific epitopes associated with vir ... | 2010 | 20587060 |
| identification of a critical t(q/d/e)x5adx2(i/l) motif from primate lentivirus vif proteins that regulate apobec3g and apobec3f neutralizing activity. | primate lentiviruses are unique in that they produce several accessory proteins to help in the establishment of productive viral infection. the major function of these proteins is to clear host resistance factors that inhibit viral replication. vif is one of these proteins. it functions as an adaptor that binds to the cytidine deaminases apobec3g (a3g) and apobec3f (a3f) and bridges them to a cullin 5 (cul5) and elongin (elo) b/c e3 ubiquitin ligase complex for proteasomal degradation. so far, 1 ... | 2010 | 20592083 |
| alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta)-independent induction of ifn-lambda1 (interleukin-29) in response to hantaan virus infection. | type iii interferons ([ifns] ifn-lambda and interleukin-28 and -29 [il-28/29]) are recently recognized cytokines with innate antiviral effects similar to those of type i ifns (ifn-alpha/beta). like ifn-alpha/beta, ifn-lambda-expression can be induced by viruses, and it is believed that type i and iii ifns are regulated in the same manner. hantaviruses are weak ifn-alpha/beta inducers and have surprisingly been shown to activate ifn-alpha/beta-independent ifn-stimulated gene (isg) expression. her ... | 2010 | 20592090 |
| internalization of the opioid growth factor, [met5]-enkephalin, is dependent on clathrin-mediated endocytosis for downregulation of cell proliferation. | the opioid growth factor (ogf; [met(5)]-enkephalin), a constitutively expressed and tonically active inhibitory peptide, interacts with the ogf receptor (ogfr) to form an endogenous growth-regulating pathway in homeostasis. amplification of ogf-ogfr interfacing in animal and clinical studies depresses development, neoplasia, angiogenesis, and immunity. disruption of the ogf-ogfr axis accelerates cell proliferation and has been particularly important in wound repair. to investigate how ogf enters ... | 2010 | 20592180 |
| development of eimeria ninakohlyakimovae in vitro in primary and permanent cell lines. | infections with eimeria ninakohlyakimovae represent important coccidian diseases of goats severely affecting animal health and profitability of goat industry. for the development of suitable vaccination strategies basic research is needed for which one important prerequisite is the establishment of in vitro cultures guaranteeing the availability of parasitic material. therefore, primary cell cultures [caprine, bovine and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (cuvec, buvec, huvec)] as well as pe ... | 2010 | 20594648 |
| pharmacokinetics of opda, an organophosphorus hydrolase, in the african green monkey. | organophosphorus (op) pesticides are a broad class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that are responsible for tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide, contributing to an estimated 300,000 deaths annually. current pharmacotherapy for acute op poisoning includes the use of atropine, an oxime, and benzodiazepines. however, even with such therapy, the mortality from these agents are as high as 40%. enzymatic hydrolysis of ops is an attractive new potential therapy for acute op poisoning. a num ... | 2010 | 20599794 |
| medium osmolarity-dependent biosynthesis of renal cellular sulfoglycolipids is mediated by the mapk signaling pathway. | verots s3 and vero317 cells were shown by metabolic labeling with (35)s-sulfate to contain many more sulfoglycosphingolipids than original vero cells derived from african green monkey kidney. the activity of galactosyl ceramide sulfotransferase (gst) was shown to be 89- and 92-fold higher in vero317 cells and verots s3 cells, respectively, than that of the parent cells, whereas the activity of the degradation enzyme, arylsulfatase a, was unchanged among all the three cell strains. gst gene trans ... | 2010 | 20619354 |
| murine double minute 2 as a modulator of retroviral restrictions mediated by trim5alpha. | in human cells, endogenous trim5alpha strongly inhibits n-tropic strains of murine leukemia virus (n-mlv) but does not target the closely related b-mlv. we have used a shrna-based loss-of-function screen to isolate factors other than trim5alpha involved in the restriction of n-mlv. in one of the isolated clones, the shrna expressed was found to target the murine double minute-2 mrna. knocking down mdm2 increased n-mlv and eiav infection of human cells by 2- to 5-fold while having little effect o ... | 2010 | 20619429 |
| nonprogressive and progressive primate immunodeficiency lentivirus infections. | natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) can be, and are often naturally, infected with species-specific sivs, but do not develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). these natural hosts maintain high siv viral loads, but avoid immunodeficiency. elucidating the mechanisms that allow natural hosts to coexist with siv without overt disease may provide crucial information for understanding aids pathogenesis. over the past few years, several key features of natural siv infections ... | 2010 | 20620940 |
| a novel model of lethal hendra virus infection in african green monkeys and the effectiveness of ribavirin treatment. | the henipaviruses, hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv), are emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses that can cause severe and often lethal neurologic and/or respiratory disease in a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including humans. there are presently no licensed vaccines or treatment options approved for human or veterinarian use. guinea pigs, hamsters, cats, and ferrets, have been evaluated as animal models of human hev infection, but studies in nonhuman primates (nhp) have not been reported, ... | 2010 | 20660198 |
| postrelease success of two rehabilitated vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) troops in kwazulu-natal, south africa. | in south africa, the most common primate in rehabilitation centres is the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops). here we evaluated the efficacy of releasing two vervet monkey troops into the wild, using the standard methods employed by an established rehabilitation centre. two troops were assembled over 2-3 years. coloured ear tags identified adults, subadults and juveniles. radiocollars were placed on all the adults and subadults of both troops (41% of all individuals). each troop was released a ... | 2010 | 20668387 |
| prevalence of hypermucoid klebsiella pneumoniae among wild-caught and captive vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) on the island of st. kitts. | invasive, hypermucoid klebsiella pneumoniae causes severe abscess formation in humans and in certain species of nonhuman primates. we conducted a survey of captive and wild-caught african green monkeys, or vervets (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus), on the caribbean island of st. kitts to assess their carriage rate of klebsiella spp. forty percent of rectal swabs from captive monkeys were positive for k. pneumoniae, and 20% of wild-caught animals were positive. two wild-caught monkeys (4%) were posi ... | 2010 | 20688708 |
| effects of the fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol on the mitochondrial methylthiazol tetrazolium-cleavage activity of monolayer cells. | the application of a modified colorimetric assay for the evaluation of mycotoxin-derived cytotoxicity is reported. using four mammalian monolayer cell types (swine kidney, african green monkey kidney, madin darbin canine kidney and bovine embryonic lung cells), the influence of the mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol on the cellular methylthiazoltetrazolium (mtt)-cleavage activity was evaluated after different toxin exposure times. the yellow tetrazolium salt is converted by mitochondrial ... | 1989 | 20702297 |
| primary pneumonic plague in the african green monkey as a model for treatment efficacy evaluation. | primary pneumonic plague is rare among humans, but treatment efficacy may be tested in appropriate animal models under the fda 'animal rule'. | 2011 | 20722770 |
| conformational adaptation of asian macaque trimcyp directs lineage specific antiviral activity. | trimcyps are anti-retroviral proteins that have arisen independently in new world and old world primates. all trimcyps comprise a cypa domain fused to the tripartite domains of trim5alpha but they have distinct lentiviral specificities, conferring hiv-1 restriction in new world owl monkeys and hiv-2 restriction in old world rhesus macaques. here we provide evidence that asian macaque trimcyps have acquired changes that switch restriction specificity between different lentiviral lineages, resulti ... | 2010 | 20808866 |
| a live attenuated h7n7 candidate vaccine virus induces neutralizing antibody that confers protection from challenge in mice, ferrets, and monkeys. | a live attenuated h7n7 candidate vaccine virus was generated by reverse genetics using the modified hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes of highly pathogenic (hp) a/netherlands/219/03 (nl/03) (h7n7) wild-type (wt) virus and the six internal protein genes of the cold-adapted (ca) a/ann arbor/6/60 ca (aa ca) (h2n2) virus. the reassortant h7n7 nl/03 ca vaccine virus was temperature sensitive and attenuated in mice, ferrets, and african green monkeys (agms). intranasal (i.n.) administrati ... | 2010 | 20810733 |
| inhibitory effects on hav ires-mediated translation and replication by a combination of amantadine and interferon-alpha. | hepatitis a virus (hav) causes acute hepatitis and sometimes leads to fulminant hepatitis. amantadine is a tricyclic symmetric amine that inhibits the replication of many dna and rna viruses. amantadine was reported to suppress hav replication, and the efficacy of amantadine was exhibited in its inhibition of the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) activities of hav. interferon (ifn) also has an antiviral effect through the induction of ifn stimulated genes (isg) and the degradation of viral rn ... | 2010 | 20815893 |
| agent strain variation in human prion disease: insights from a molecular and pathological review of the national institutes of health series of experimentally transmitted disease. | six clinico-pathological phenotypes of sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease have been characterized which correlate at the molecular level with the type (1 or 2) of the abnormal prion protein, prp(tse), present in the brain and with the genotype of polymorphic (methionine or valine) codon 129 of the prion protein gene. however, to what extent these phenotypes with their corresponding molecular combinations (i.e. mm1, mm2, vv1 etc.) encipher distinct prion strains upon transmission remains uncertai ... | 2010 | 20823086 |
| the ultrastructure of the sertoli cell of the vervet monkey, chlorocebus aethiops. | the ultrastructure of the sertoli cell of the vervet monkey was studied using both scanning and transmission electron microscopic techniques. sem micrographs revealed perforated sleeve-like processes which encased mature elongated spermatids which are ready for spermiation. tem micrographs showed a large sertoli cell nucleus characterized by many lobes (4-5) and consisting of a homogenous nucleoplasm and a distinctive nucleolus. the nucleus occupies a significant portion of the basal region of t ... | 2010 | 20828773 |
| genetic identity and biological phenotype of a transmitted/founder virus representative of nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection in african green monkeys. | understanding the lack of disease progression in nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections is essential for deciphering the immunopathogenesis of human aids. yet, in vivo studies have been hampered by a paucity of infectious molecular clones (imcs) of siv suitable to dissect the viral and host factors responsible for the nonpathogenic phenotype. here, we describe the identification, cloning, and biological analysis of the first transmitted/founder (t/f) virus representing a no ... | 2010 | 20881048 |
| determination of threshold adverse effect doses of percutaneous vx exposure in african green monkeys. | percutaneous exposure to the chemical warfare nerve agent vx was evaluated in african green monkeys (n=9). doses of vx (7.5-100 μg/kg) were applied to the skin for 60 min and residual agent was quantified (before decontamination) to estimate the absorbed dose. monkeys were evaluated for the presence or absence of clinical signs of toxicity and blood was sampled periodically (30 min--12 weeks) following exposure to measure the degree of circulating acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibition. monkeys ... | 2010 | 20887765 |
| [production and evaluation of an antiserum for immunohistochemical detection of rabies virus in aldehyde fixed brain tissues]. | the standard procedure for rabies diagnosis requires fresh samples of infected brain to be analyzed by two techniques, direct immunofluorescence and inoculation in mice. rabies-infected, aldehyde-fixed brain tissues can be examined by immunohistochemistry, but the required commercial antibodies are scarce and expensive. | 2010 | 20890559 |
| a web-based brain atlas of the vervet monkey, chlorocebus aethiops. | vervet monkeys are a frequently studied animal model in neuroscience research. although equally distantly related to humans, the ancestors of vervets diverged from those of macaques and baboons more than 11 million years ago, antedating the divergence of the ancestors of humans, chimpanzees and gorillas. to facilitate anatomic localization in the vervet brain, two linked on-line electronic atlases are described, one based on registered mri scans from hundreds of vervets (http://www.loni.ucla.edu ... | 2010 | 20923706 |
| uv-shielding property, photocatalytic activity and photocytotoxicity of ceria colloid solutions. | uv-shielding property, photocatalytic activity and cytotoxicity (including photocytotoxicity) of citrate-stabilized ceria colloid solutions were studied. it was established that uv-shielding property (namely, the sun protection factor, the critical absorption wavelength and the uva/uvb-ratio) of ceria nanoparticles are as good as those of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. it was further demonstrated that ceria nanoparticles possesses substantially lower photocatalytic activity, whic ... | 2010 | 20926307 |
| identification of specific determinants of human apobec3f, apobec3c, and apobec3de and african green monkey apobec3f that interact with hiv-1 vif. | human apobec3f (ha3f) and human apobec3g (ha3g) are potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv) host factors that suppress viral replication by hypermutating the viral genome, inhibiting reverse transcription, and hindering integration. to overcome ha3f and ha3g, hiv-1 encodes vif, which binds and targets these host proteins for proteasomal degradation. previously, we reported that the ha3f-vif interactions that lead to ha3f degradation are located in the region comprising amino acids 28 ... | 2010 | 20943965 |
| suboptimal porcine endogenous retrovirus infection in non-human primate cells: implication for preclinical xenotransplantation. | porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) poses a potential risk of zoonotic infection in xenotransplantation. preclinical transplantation trials using non-human primates (nhp) as recipients of porcine xenografts present the opportunity to assess the zoonosis risk in vivo. however, perv poorly infects nhp cells for unclear reasons and therefore nhp may represent a suboptimal animal model to assess the risk of perv zoonoses. we investigated the mechanism responsible for the low efficiency of perv-a in ... | 2010 | 20949092 |
| demography and life histories of sympatric patas monkeys, erythrocebus patas, and vervets, cercopithecus aethiops, in laikipia, kenya. | mortality patterns are thought to be strong selective forces on life history traits, with high adult mortality and low immature mortality favoring early and rapid reproduction. patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) have the highest potential rates of population increase for their body size of any haplorhine primate because they reproduce both earlier and more often. we report here 10 yr of comparative demographic data on a population of patas monkeys and a sympatric population of vervet monkeys (ce ... | 2009 | 20976285 |
| c6/36 aedes albopictus cells have a dysfunctional antiviral rna interference response. | mosquitoes rely on rna interference (rnai) as their primary defense against viral infections. to this end, the combination of rnai and invertebrate cell culture systems has become an invaluable tool in studying virus-vector interactions. nevertheless, a recent study failed to detect an active rnai response to west nile virus (wnv) infection in c6/36 (aedes albopictus) cells, a mosquito cell line frequently used to study arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). therefore, we sought to determine if ... | 2010 | 21049065 |
| [data on intestinal parasites of lower monkeys in the adler apery]. | under captive conditions, a parasite fauna connected with the changes in ecological conditions, feeding, and mode of life is usually formed in monkeys. species composition of the intestinal parasites has been investigated in six species of the monkeys (macaca mulatta, m. fascicularis, m. nemestrina, ceropithecus aethiops, papio hamadryas, and p. anubis), which were born in the adler apery and live there for a long time. a comparison with similar investigations carried out in the sukhumi apery, w ... | 2010 | 21061593 |
| the presence of a vpu gene and the lack of nef-mediated downmodulation of t cell receptor-cd3 are not always linked in primate lentiviruses. | nef is an accessory protein critical for the ability of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (hiv and siv) to replicate efficiently in their respective hosts. previous analyses of members of 15 different primate lentivirus lineages revealed a link between nef function and the presence of a vpu gene. in particular, nef proteins of all vpu-containing viruses had lost their ability to downmodulate the t cell (tcr-cd3) receptor. here we examined nef proteins from eight additional siv lineages, ... | 2010 | 21068258 |
| human top1 residues implicated in species specificity of hiv-1 infection are required for interaction with btbd2, and rnai of btbd2 in old world monkey and human cells increases permissiveness to hiv-1 infection. | host determinants of hiv-1 viral tropism include factors from producer cells that affect the efficiency of productive infection and factors in target cells that block infection after viral entry. trim5α restricts hiv-1 infection at an early post-entry step through a mechanism associated with rapid disassembly of the retroviral capsid. topoisomerase i (top1) appears to play a role in hiv-1 viral tropism by incorporating into or otherwise modulating virions affecting the efficiency of a post-entry ... | 2010 | 21092135 |
| renal epithelial cell injury and its promoting role in formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate. | the injurious effect of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) on renal epithelial cells of the african green monkey (vero cells) and the difference in the modulation of vero cells on crystal growth of calcium oxalate (caoxa) before and after injury were investigated. the degree of injury of vero cells was proportional to the concentration and action time of h(2)o(2). after the cells had been injured, the released amount of malonaldehyde in the culture medium increased, the superoxide dismutase activity d ... | 2010 | 21127923 |
| [observation of double-stained african green monkey kidney cos-7 cells using total internal reflection double-channel fluorescence microscopy]. | using a dual-view wavelength splitter, double-stained african green monkey kidney cos-7 cells, transfected with pegfp-myosin 15a and costained with rhodamine-filopodia were observed based on an iccd(intensified charge couple device) fluorescence micro-imaging systems. total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the overexpression of myosin 15a to the tips of the elongation filopodia. an approach to collecting fluorescence in two channels and avoiding spectra crosstalk w ... | 2010 | 21137398 |
| thermomodulated cell culture∕harvest in polydimethylsiloxane microchannels with poly(n-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted surface. | cell culture and harvest are the most upstream operation for a completely integrated cell assay chip. in our previous work, thermoresponsive poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) (pnipaam) was successfully grafted onto polydimethylsiloxane (pdms) surface via benzophenone-initiated photopolymerization. in the present work, the pnipaam-grafted-pdms (pnipaam-g-pdms) surface was explored for thermomodulated cell culture and noninvasive harvest in microfluidic channels. using cos 7 fibroblast from african gree ... | 2010 | 21151579 |
| evolutionary patterns of killer cell ig-like receptor genes in old world monkeys. | killer cell ig-like receptors (kirs) modulate the cytotoxic effects of natural killer cells. kir genes are encoded in the leucocyte receptor complex and are characterized by their high haplotypic diversity and polymorphism. the kir system has been studied in only three species of old world monkeys, the rhesus macaque, the cynomolgus macaque, and the sabaeus monkey, displaying a complexity rivaling that of hominids (human and apes). here we analyzed bacterial artificial chromosome draft sequences ... | 2010 | 21185924 |
| patterns of microrna expression in non-human primate cells correlate with neoplastic development in vitro. | micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas that negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. they play a critical role in developmental and physiological processes and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases including cancer. to identify mirna signatures associated with different stages of neoplastic development, we examined the expression profile of 776 primate mirnas in vero cells (a neoplastically transformed cell line being used for the manufacture of vir ... | 2010 | 21203544 |
| contact with human facilities appears to enhance technical skills in wild vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops). | technical abilities of primates are typically tested in the laboratory. it has been argued that close contact between animals and humans may lead to an increase in skills due to an 'enculturation' of subjects. here, we provide evidence that exposure to human facilities may improve wild vervet monkeys' technical skills in a social learning task using the 'artificial fruit' approach. two of our 6 study groups had access to human facilities within their territories. only members of these 2 groups w ... | 2010 | 21212682 |
| meganuclease-mediated inhibition of hsv1 infection in cultured cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) is a major health problem. as for most viral diseases, current antiviral treatments are based on the inhibition of viral replication once it has already started. as a consequence, they impair neither the viral cycle at its early stages nor the latent form of the virus, and thus cannot be considered as real preventive treatments. latent hsv1 virus could be addressed by rare cutting endonucleases, such as meganucleases. with the aim of a proof of concept study, w ... | 2011 | 21224832 |
| mitochondrial oxidative stress causes mitochondrial fragmentation via differential modulation of mitochondrial fission-fusion proteins. | mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo continual fusion and fission to maintain their morphology and functions, but the mechanism involved is still not clear. here, we investigated the effect of mitochondrial oxidative stress triggered by high-fluence low-power laser irradiation (hf-lpli) on mitochondrial dynamics in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (astc-a-1) and african green monkey sv40-transformed kidney fibroblast cells (cos-7). upon hf-lpli-triggered oxidative stress, mitochondria ... | 2011 | 21232014 |
| coxsackievirus b3-associated aseptic meningitis: an emerging infection in hong kong. | enterovirus (ev) infection is a common disease of childhood and associated not uncommonly with aseptic meningitis. in the summer of 2008, laboratory surveillance has detected increased number of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) associated aseptic meningitis in hong kong, constituting 11.6% of those infected. this study analyzed the epidemiology, circulating pattern, and clinical presentations of cvb3 in hong kong over the last 10 years with reference to the circulation of ev in the locality. enterovirus ... | 2011 | 21264869 |
| identification of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv-2) v protein amino acid residues that reduce binding of v to mda5 and attenuate hpiv-2 replication in nonhuman primates. | human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv-2), an important pediatric respiratory pathogen, encodes a v protein that inhibits type i interferon (ifn) induction and signaling. using reverse genetics, we attempted the recovery of a panel of v mutant viruses that individually contained one of six cysteine-to-serine (residues 193, 197, 209, 211, 214, and 218) substitutions, one of two paired charge-to-alanine (r175a/r176a and r205a/k206a) substitutions, or a histidine-to-phenylalanine (h174f) substituti ... | 2011 | 21289116 |
| in vitro and in vivo effects of west nile virus propagated in cells of different passage. | tissue cultures are used to propagate viruses for use in mosquito infection studies and to detect live virus in field-collected specimens. microscopic evaluation of cytopathic effects is used to visualize virus presence. in this study, both low-passage (lp; n = 35) and high-passage (hp; n = 218) lines of african green monkey kidney (vero) cells were infected with west nile virus, and virus growth kinetics were quantitated over different incubation periods (ips) (2, 6, 10, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h po ... | 2010 | 21290941 |
| dicofol degradation to p,p'-dichlorobenzophenone - a potential antiandrogen. | in the present investigation, the degradation of the acaricide dicofol (also known as kelthane) was investigated with special emphasis on generation of p,p'-dichlorobenzophenone (dcbp) under alkaline conditions as well as induced by uv-light. dicofol was also incubated in the presence and absence of microsomal preparations to measure potential metabolic formation of dcbp. the results indicate that the degradation of dicofol to dcbp primarily proceeds as an abiotic process via hydroxide ion catal ... | 2011 | 21291947 |
| statins reduce dengue virus production via decreased virion assembly. | most of the effects of statins can be explained by pleiotropic effects independent of their lowering of serum cholesterol; in some cases, these effects have been shown to be a result of the role of statins in the prenylation of cellular proteins, some of which are involved in the life cycle of animal viruses. this study evaluated the potential antiviral activity of lovastatin (lov) against dengue virus (denv) infection of epithelial and endothelial cells (vero cells, epithelial cells derived fro ... | 2011 | 21293097 |
| macaque cytochromes p450: nomenclature, transcript, gene, genomic structure, and function. | monkeys, especially macaques, including cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), are frequently used in drug metabolism studies due to their evolutionary closeness to humans. recently, numerous cytochrome p450 (p450 or cyp) cdnas have been identified and characterized in cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys and were named by the p450 nomenclature committee. however, recent advances in genome analysis of cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys revealed that some monkey p450s are appar ... | 2011 | 21303270 |
| a novel human polyomavirus closely related to the african green monkey-derived lymphotropic polyomavirus. | we identified a novel human polyomavirus from a kidney transplant patient under immunosuppressive treatment, by use of a generic pcr. the genome of the virus was completely amplified and sequenced. in phylogenetic analyses, it appeared as the closest relative to the african green monkey-derived lymphotropic polyomavirus (lpv). further investigation of clinical samples from immunocompromised patients with specific nested pcr revealed additional positive samples, indicating that the virus naturall ... | 2011 | 21307194 |
| distinct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced acute lung injury pathways in two different nonhuman primate species. | acute lung injury (ali) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), caused by influenza a virus h5n1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), supposedly depend on activation of the oxidative-stress machinery that is coupled with innate immunity, resulting in a strong proinflammatory host response. inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1ß (il-1ß), il-8, and il-6, play a major role in mediating and amplifying ali/ards by stimulating chemotaxis and activation of neutr ... | 2011 | 21325418 |
| single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the tnf gene are associated with obesity-related phenotypes in vervet monkeys. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have been extensively characterized in humans, with numerous reports of associations with obesity-related phenotypes as well an array of infectious, immune-mediated, and inflammatory disease phenotypes. controlling for the multitude of environmental risk factors in human studies has been a major confounder of efforts to elucidate the role and relative contribution of tnf promoter snps. as part of an ongoing initiative to ... | 2011 | 21331060 |
| an underestimated lentivirus model: what can hiv-2 research contribute to the development of an effective hiv-1 vaccine? | the development of an hiv-1 vaccine that would be effective against all existing subtypes and circulating recombinant forms remains one of the great scientific and public health challenges of our generation. one of the major barriers to hiv-1 vaccine development is a lack of understanding of the correlates of protective immunity against the virus. in this context, research has focused on the rare phenomenon of spontaneous control of hiv-1 infection, in groups referred to as 'long-term nonprogres ... | 2011 | 21342067 |
| levofloxacin cures experimental pneumonic plague in african green monkeys. | yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, is considered a potential bioweapon due to rapid lethality when delivered as an aerosol. levofloxacin was tested for primary pneumonic plague treatment in a nonhuman primate model mimicking human disease. | 2011 | 21347450 |
| prevalence of babesia microti in free-ranging baboons and african green monkeys. | babesia microti-like parasites have been reported to infect captive non-human primates (nhps). however, studies on the prevalence of babesia spp. in free-ranging nhps are lacking. this investigation aimed at determining the prevalence of b. microti in wild-caught kenyan nhps. in total, 125 animals were studied, including 65 olive baboons (papio cynocephalus anubis) and 60 african green monkeys ([agms] chlorocebus aethiops). nested polymerase chain reaction targeting babesia β-tubulin genes was u ... | 2010 | 21348608 |
| characterization and validation of a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model in the vervet monkey. | streptozotocin (stz), preferentially toxic to pancreatic beta cells, is commonly used to model type 1 diabetes mellitus (dm) in numerous species, including nonhuman primates. | 2011 | 21356321 |
| ependymal cyst in the cerebrum of an african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops). | a focal lesion was detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the right caudal occipital lobe of the cerebrum in an african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops). neurological signs were not observed in this animal. at necropsy examination, an 8mm wedge-shaped intracranial cavity was found, which apparently did not communicate with the ventricles. microscopically, the inner surface of the cavity was lined by ciliated cuboidal epithelium with positive immunoreactivity for s100 protein, glial fibrill ... | 2011 | 21388637 |
| endocrine disruption effects of 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenylether (bde100) in reporter gene assays. | polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) constitute an important group of flame retardants. 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenylether (bde100) is a prominent pbde congener in some human populations. the potential of bde100 to modulate responses mediated by the estrogen (er), thyroid hormone (thr) or androgen receptors (ar) were investigated by use of transactivation reporter gene assays. the african green monkey kidney cv-1 cell transiently transfected with the constructed reporter gene plasmid ere-tata ... | 2011 | 21390402 |
| validation of human apob and apoai immunoturbidity assays for non-human primate dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis research. | emerging evidence suggests apolipoprotein b (apob) and apolipoprotein ai (apoai) are strong risk predictors for atherosclerosis. non-human primates (nhp), including rhesus monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, and african green monkeys, are important preclinical species for studying dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis as they more closely resemble humans in lipid metabolism and disease physiology compared to lower species such as rodents. however, no commercial assays are currently available for measuring a ... | 2011 | 21394531 |
| a novelty seeking phenotype is related to chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity reflected by hair cortisol. | reduced hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (hpa) activity is associated with greater novelty seeking in humans. hair cortisol represents an integrated proxy measure of total cortisol production/release over an extended period of time and may be a valuable tool for tracking the hpa system. sampling approaches (collection of blood, saliva, urine, or feces) for socially housed nonhuman primates present a number of technical challenges for collection particularly when repeated sampling is necessary. her ... | 2011 | 21396388 |
| cos-1 cells as packaging host for production of lentiviruses. | we present a protocol for in vitro production of recombinant lentiviruses using cos-1 african green monkey kidney epithelial cells and hek293t human embryonic kidney epithelial cells as packaging cells. cos-1 and hek293t express sv40 large t antigen, amplifying transfected circular plasmids harboring sv40 replication origin. support protocols for evaluation of transfection efficiency by in situ ß-galactosidase enzyme activity assay and titer of infection-capable virions are also provided. advant ... | 2011 | 21400698 |
| a gene delivery system based on the n-terminal domain of human topoisomerase i. | the n-terminal 200 amino acid residues of topoisomerase i (topon) is highly positive in charge and has dna binding activity, without dna sequence and topological specificity. here, a fusion protein (6 x his-ptd-topon) containing a hexahistidine (6 x his) tag, a membrane penetration domain and topon (amino acid 3-200) was designed and developed. the protein can bind to different sizes (3.0-8.0 kb) and forms (circular and linear) of dna and translocates the bound dna to the nucleus. the protein al ... | 2011 | 21406310 |
| optimization of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in african green monkeys. | we developed and validated a new nonhuman primate model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (cnv) that addresses study design limitations prevalent in laser-induced cnv-based efficacy studies. laser-induced bruch's membrane disruption triggers cnv and has been widely utilized in animals to model neovascular ("wet") age-related macular degeneration (amd). despite widespread use of the approach, detailed assessment of experimental parameters and their influence on pathophysiological endp ... | 2011 | 21414311 |
| multiple variant mrnas with different length tandem repeats of (cayycc)n produced from bovine selenoprotein p-like protein gene. | in contrast to selenoprotein ps (seips) from other animal species, bovine selenoprotein p-like-protein (seiplp) was found to contain a tandem repeat of (cayycc)(11). during an investigation into whether seiplp was a bovine substitute for seip or uniquely bovine, its mrna was found to consist of multiple variants with different length tandem repeat, namely p(0) with (cayycc)(11), p(-4) lacking (cayycc)(4), p(-8) lacking (cayycc)(8), and p(-9) lacking (cayycc)(9). although they were encoded on a s ... | 2005 | 21432148 |
| planum temporale grey matter asymmetries in chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), vervet (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus), rhesus (macaca mulatta) and bonnet (macaca radiata) monkeys. | brain asymmetries, particularly asymmetries within regions associated with language, have been suggested as a key difference between humans and our nearest ancestors. these regions include the planum temporale (pt) - the bank of tissue that lies posterior to heschl's gyrus and encompasses wernicke's area, an important brain region involved in language and speech in the human brain. in the human brain, both the surface area and the grey matter volume of the pt are larger in the left compared to r ... | 2011 | 21447349 |
| quantifying cholesterol synthesis in vivo using 2h2o: enabling back-to-back studies in the same subject. | the advantages of using 2h2o to quantify cholesterol synthesis include (i) homogeneous precursor labeling, (ii) incorporation of 2h via multiple pathways and (iii) the ability to perform long-term studies in free-living subjects, however, there are two concerns. first, the t1/2 of water presents a challenge when there is a need to acutely replicate measurements in the same subject. second, assumptions are made regarding the number of hydrogens (n) that are incorporated during de novo synthesis. ... | 2011 | 21498887 |
| high-throughput single-cell manipulation system for a large number of target cells. | a sequential and high-throughput single-cell manipulation system for a large volume of cells was developed and the successive manipulation for single cell involving single-cell isolation, individual labeling, and individual rupture was realized in a microhydrodynamic flow channel fabricated by using two-dimensional simple flow channels. this microfluidic system consisted of the successive single-cell handlings of single-cell isolation from a large number of cells in cell suspension, labeling eac ... | 2011 | 21523252 |
| bisphenol-a exposure alters endometrial progesterone receptor expression in the nonhuman primate. | objective: to evaluate the effect of bisphenol-a (bpa), a xenoestrogen endocrine disruptor, on endometrial p receptor (pr) expression in nonhuman primates and human cells. design: controlled trial in primates. setting: university. animal(s): african green monkeys. intervention(s): after oophorectomy, bpa (50 μg/kg/d), e(2), both, or vehicle control were administered. estradiol and bpa were used in ishikawa cells. main outcome measure(s): progesterone receptor expression using immunohistochemistr ... | 2011 | 21536273 |
| chemical induction of endogenous retrovirus particles from the vero cell line of african green monkeys. | endogenous retroviral sequences are present in high copy number in the genomes of all species and may be expressed as rnas, however, the majority are defective for virus production. although virus has been isolated from various old world monkey and new world monkey species, there has been no report of endogenous retroviruses produced from african green monkey (agm) tissues or cell lines. we have recently developed a step-wise approach for evaluating the presence of latent viruses by chemical ind ... | 2011 | 21543506 |
| tailoring charge density and hydrogen bonding of imidazolium copolymers for efficient gene delivery. | conventional free radical polymerization with subsequent postpolymerization modification afforded imidazolium copolymers with controlled charge density and side chain hydroxyl number. novel imidazolium-containing copolymers where each permanent cation contained one or two adjacent hydroxyls allowed precise structure-transfection efficiency studies. the degree of polymerization was identical for all copolymers to eliminate the influence of molecular weight on transfection efficiency. dna binding, ... | 2011 | 21557603 |
| coordinately regulated alternative splicing of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake. | genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake are transcriptionally regulated in response to cellular sterol content in a coordinated manner. a number of these genes, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgcr) and ldl receptor (ldlr), undergo alternative splicing, resulting in reductions of enzyme or protein activity. here we demonstrate that cellular sterol depletion suppresses, and sterol loading induces, alternative splicing of multiple genes involved in the mai ... | 2011 | 21559365 |
| paradoxical effects of chondroitin sulfate-e on japanese encephalitis viral infection. | glycosaminoglycans (gags) have diverse functions in the body and are involved in viral infection. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible roles of the e-disaccharide units glcaβ1-3galnac(4,6-o-disulfate) of chondroitin sulfate (cs), a gag involved in neuritogenesis and neuronal migration, in japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection. soluble cs-e (scs-e) derived from squid cartilage inhibited jev infection in african green monkey kidney-derived vero cells and baby hamster kidney ... | 2011 | 21621516 |
| aerosol exposure to zaire ebolavirus in three nonhuman primate species: differences in disease course and clinical pathology. | there is little known concerning the disease caused by zaire ebolavirus (zebov) when inhaled, the likely route of exposure in a biological attack. cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, and african green monkeys were exposed to aerosolized zebov to determine which species might be the most relevant model of the human disease. a petechial rash was noted on cynomolgus and rhesus macaques after fever onset but not on african green monkeys. fever duration was shortest in rhesus macaques (62.7±16.3 h) ... | 2011 | 21651988 |
| the third branch of the main trunk of the left coronary artery in cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus. is the nonhuman primate model appropriate? | the aim of this study was to investigate the morphometry of branching patterns of the main trunk of the left coronary artery (mt of lca) in nonhuman primates, and comment on the current nomenclature. the biometric study was performed using stereomicroscopic dissection of hearts of healthy and fertile nonhuman primates (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) of both sexes. our results reveal that the mt of lca terminates in a bifurcation into the anterior interventricular branch (aib) and the circumflex ... | 2011 | 21809460 |
| human polyomavirus related to african green monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus. | while studying the virome of the skin surface of a patient with a merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) by using unbiased, high-throughput sequencing, we identified a human polyomavirus nearly identical to human polyomavirus 9, a virus recently reported in blood and urine of renal transplantion patients and closely related to the african green monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus. specific pcr analysis further identified this virus in 2/8 patients with mcc but in only 1/111 controls without mcc. this virus wa ... | 2011 | 21801611 |
| visualization of heavy ion tracks by labeling 3'-oh termini of induced dna strand breaks. | african green monkey kidney cells, cv-1, were irradiated with carbon ions (let: 735 kev/µm argon ions (let: 3,000 kev/µm) to visualize ion tracks through the cell nucleus by labeling the 3'-oh termini result of dna strand breaks. the 3'-oh termini of dna were labeled with brdu-triphosphate catalyzed by tdt. this method of tunel (tdt-mediated dutp nick end labeling) is based on the specific binding of tdt to 3'-oh termini of dna. subsequent immuno-fluorescent staining with the primary monoclonal ... | 2011 | 21785232 |
| [antiviral activity of 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified ovalbumin against herpes simplex virus 2 in vitro]. | to investigate the antiviral activity of 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified ovalbumin (hp-ova) against herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) in vitro. | 2011 | 21764688 |
| prevention of pneumonic plague in mice, rats, guinea pigs and non-human primates with clinical grade rv10, rv10-2 or f1-v vaccines. | yersinia pestis causes plague, a disease with high mortality in humans that can be transmitted by fleabite or aerosol. a us food and drug administration (fda)-licensed plague vaccine is currently not available. vaccine developers have focused on two subunits of y. pestis: lcrv, a protein at the tip of type iii secretion needles, and f1, the fraction 1 pilus antigen. f1-v, a hybrid generated via translational fusion of both antigens, is being developed for licensure as a plague vaccine. the rv10 ... | 2011 | 21763383 |
| generalized immune activation and innate immune responses in simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | purpose of review: chronic immune activation is a key factor driving the immunopathogenesis of aids. during pathogenic hiv/simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections, innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses contribute to chronic immune activation. in contrast, nonpathogenic siv infections of natural hosts such as sooty mangabeys and african green monkeys (agms) are characterized by low immune activation despite similarly high viremia. this review focuses on the role of innate immune r ... | 2011 | 21743324 |
| in vitro cytotoxic activity and structure activity relationships of iridoid glucosides derived from veronica species. | this study was an investigation of the cytotoxic activity of iridoid glucosides, including aucubin, catalpol, 6-o-acetylcatalpol, veronicoside, catalposide, verproside, amphicoside, veratroylcatalposide, verminoside, aquaticosides b and c isolated from different veronica species. the cytotoxic activity was determined against hep-2 (human epidermoid carcinoma), rd (human rhabdomyosarcoma), l-20b (transgenic murine l-cells) cancer cell lines and vero (african green monkey kidney cells) non-cancero ... | 2011 | 21678519 |
| role of trim5+¦ ring domain e3 ubiquitin ligase activity in capsid disassembly, reverse transcription blockade, and restriction of simian immunodeficiency virus. | the mammalian tripartite motif protein, trim5+¦, recognizes retroviral capsids entering the cytoplasm and blocks virus infection. depending on the particular trim5+¦ protein and retrovirus, complete disruption of the trim5+¦ ring domain decreases virus-restricting activity to various degrees. trim5+¦ exhibits ring domain-dependent e3 ubiquitin ligase activity, but the specific role of this activity in viral restriction is unknown. we created a panel of african green monkey trim5+¦ (trim5+¦(agm)) ... | 2011 | 21680520 |
| increased inherent intestinal granzyme b expression may be associated with siv pathogenesis in asian non-human primates. | backgroundôçé unlike asian non-human primates, chronically siv-infected african non-human primates (nhp) display a non-pathogenic disease course. the different outcomes may be related to the development of an siv-mediated breach of the intestinal mucosa in the asian species that is absent in the african animals. methodsôçé to examine possible mechanisms that could lead to the gut breach, we determined whether the colonic lamina propria (lp) of siv-na+»ve asian monkeys contained more granzyme b ( ... | 2011 | 21732950 |
| the effect of housing and environmental enrichment on stereotyped behavior of adult vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops). | little information is available on the response of vervet monkeys to different housing conditions or on the suitability of enrichment devices or methods for vervet monkeys. in this study, the authors evaluated the occurrence of stereotyped behavior in adult vervet monkeys under various conditions of housing and enrichment. the variables included cage size, cage level (upper or lower), enrichment with a foraging log, enrichment with an exercise cage and presence of a mate. the authors first deter ... | 2011 | 21691296 |
| hiv/siv infection primes monocytes and dendritic cells for apoptosis. | subversion or exacerbation of antigen-presenting cells (apc) death modulates host/pathogen equilibrium. we demonstrated during in vitro differentiation of monocyte-derived macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dcs) that hiv sensitizes the cells to undergo apoptosis in response to trail and fasl, respectively. in addition, we found that hiv-1 increased the levels of pro-apoptotic bax and bak molecules and decreased the levels of anti-apoptotic mcl-1 and flip proteins. to assess the re ... | 2011 | 21731488 |
| high cell-free virus load and robust autologous humoral immune responses in breast milk of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected african green monkeys. | the design of immunologic interventions to prevent postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) will require identification of protective immune responses in this setting. simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected rhesus monkeys (rms), a species that develops an aids-like illness following experimental infection, transmit the virus at a high rate during breastfeeding. in contrast, postnatal transmission of siv occurs rarely or not at all in natural, asymptomatic primate hosts ... | 2011 | 21734053 |
| positive selection of apobec3de in chimpanzees has driven breadth in anti-viral activity. | the apobec3 family of cytidine deaminases can inhibit the replication of retroviruses and retrotransposons. human and chimpanzee genomes encode seven apobec3 paralogs; of these, apobec3de has the greatest sequence divergence between humans and chimpanzees. here we show that even though human and chimpanzee apobec3de are very divergent, both orthologs similarly restrict ltr- and non-ltr retrotransposons (musd and alu, respectively). however, chimpanzee apobec3de also potently restricts two lentiv ... | 2011 | 21835794 |
| implantation of a porcine acellular dermal graft in a primate model of rotator cuff repair. | background: non-cross-linked xenogeneic extracellular matrix graft materials have typically elicited a hypersensitivity reaction when implanted into humans or other primates. the purpose of this study was to examine the histologic and immune response to a non-cross-linked porcine-derived dermal extracellular matrix graft processed to remove the α-gal epitope. materials and methods: eight african green monkeys were implanted with porcine acellular dermal matrix (conexa reconstructive tissue matri ... | 2011 | 21723150 |
| inhibition of enterovirus 71 replication by chrysosplenetin and penduletin. | in recent years, enterovirus 71 (ev71) infections have caused an increasing epidemic in young children, accompanying with more severe nervous system disease and more deaths. unfortunately, there is no specific medication for it so far. here we investigated the anti-ev71 activity of chrysosplenetin and penduletin, two o-methylated flavonols isolated from the leaves of laggera pterodonta. these two compounds were found to have strong activity in vitro against ev71 with low cytotoxicity. in the cyt ... | 2011 | 21914477 |
| authentication of african green monkey cell lines using human short tandem repeat markers. | tools for authenticating cell lines are critical for quality control in cell-based biological experiments. currently there are methods to authenticate human cell lines using short tandem repeat (str) markers based on the technology and procedures successfully used in the forensic community for human identification, but there are no str based methods for authenticating nonhuman cell lines to date. there is significant homology between the human and vervet monkey genome and we utilized these simil ... | 2011 | 22059503 |
| A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects african green monkeys from hendra virus challenge. | Hendra virus (HeV) is a recently emerged zoonotic paramyxovirus that can cause a severe and often fatal disease in horses and humans. HeV is categorized as a biosafety level 4 agent, which has made the development of animal models and testing of potential therapeutics and vaccines challenging. Infection of African green monkeys (AGMs) with HeV was recently demonstrated, and disease mirrored fatal HeV infection in humans, manifesting as a multisystemic vasculitis with widespread virus replication ... | 2011 | 22013123 |
| Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of six herbal plants against the human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell line. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 22041055 |
| immortalized chick embryo cell line adapted to serum-free growth conditions and capable of replicating human and reassortant h5n1 influenza strains for vaccine production. | the current process of influenza vaccine production can take 6-9 months and is dependent on the availability of embryonated eggs. additionally, this process selects for receptor-binding variants with reduced antigenicity and requires significant downstream production for purification. we have established an immortalized chick embryo cell line, termed pbs-12sf, which is adapted to growth in serum free conditions, and is capable of replicating human and reassortant h5n1 influenza strains to high t ... | 2011 | 21911025 |
| does alzheimer's disease exist in all primates? alzheimer pathology in non-human primates and its pathophysiological implications (ii). | introduction: in the ageing process there are some species of non-human primates which can show some of the defining characteristics of the alzheimer's disease (ad) of man, both in neuropathological changes and cognitive-behavioural symptoms. the study of these species is of prime importance to understand ad and develop therapies to combat this neurodegenerative disease. development: in this second part of the study, these ad features are discussed in the most important non-experimental ad model ... | 2011 | 21871692 |
| Delayed match-to-sample performance in African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus): effects of benzodiazepine, cholinergic, and anticholinergic drugs. | Delayed match-to-sample (DMTS) procedures are among the most commonly used attention and memory tasks in behavioral pharmacology and have been utilized in a variety of species. Although macaque species such as the rhesus and cynomolgus macaque are often used for such studies, availability and disease transmission raise concerns over their use. The present study investigated whether the African green monkey might function as a suitable alternative by evaluating operant performance on a DMTS task ... | 2011 | 22027713 |
| Pathology of acute henipavirus infection in humans and animals. | Zoonoses as causes of human infections have been increasingly reported, and many of these are viruses that cause central nervous system infections. This paper focuses on the henipaviruses (family Paramyxoviridae, genus henipavirus) that have recently emerged to cause severe encephalitis and systemic infection in humans and animals in the Asia-Pacific region. The pathological features in the human infections comprise vasculopathy (vasculitis, endothelial multinucleated syncytia, thrombosis, etc.) ... | 2011 | 21961078 |
| impact of host cell line adaptation on quasispecies composition and glycosylation of influenza a virus hemagglutinin. | the genome of influenza a viruses is constantly changing (genetic drift) resulting in small, gradual changes in viral proteins. alterations within antibody recognition sites of the viral membrane glycoproteins hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) result in an antigenetic drift, which requires the seasonal update of human influenza virus vaccines. generally, virus adaptation is necessary to obtain sufficiently high virus yields in cell culture-derived vaccine manufacturing. in this study det ... | 2011 | 22163276 |
| Enhanced growth of influenza vaccine seed viruses in Vero cells mediated by broadening the optimal pH range for virus membrane fusion. | Vaccination is one of the most effective preventive measures to combat influenza. Prospectively, cell culture-based influenza vaccines play an important role for robust vaccine production in both normal settings and urgent situations such as during the 2009 pandemic. African green monkey Vero cells are recommended by the World Health Organization as a safe substrate for influenza vaccine production for human use. However, the growth of influenza vaccine seed viruses is occasionally suboptimal in ... | 2011 | 22090129 |
| intronic tandem repeat in the serotonin transporter gene in old world monkeys: a new transcriptional regulator? | the serotonin transporter gene (slc6a4) is heavily involved in the regulation of social behaviour of primates. old world monkeys (e.g. macaques, baboons) have been used to study interactions between variation in the slc6a4 gene and behaviour. correlations of variation at one polymorphism located in the promoter region (known as 5httlpr) and variation at slc6a4 expression levels, serotonin turnover and behaviour has been widely studied. in old world monkeys, the third intron of the slc6a4 gene al ... | 2011 | 22038691 |
| immunovirological analyses of chronically simian immunodeficiency virus sivmnd-1- and sivmnd-2-infected mandrills (mandrillus sphinx). | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection in african nonhuman primate (nhp) natural hosts is usually nonpathogenic, despite high levels of virus replication. we have previously shown that chronic siv infection in sooty mangabeys (sms) and african green monkeys (agms) is associated with low levels of immune activation and bystander t cell apoptosis. to compare these features with those observed in another natural host, the mandrill (mnd), we conducted a cross-sectional survey of the 23 siv-in ... | 2011 | 21957286 |
| independent and combined effects of ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment on hepatic cyp2e1 in african green monkeys. | cytochrome p450 2e1 metabolizes ethanol and also bioactivates many toxins and procarcinogens. elevated levels of hepatic cyp2e1 are associated with an increased susceptibility to chemical toxicity and carcinogenesis. this study investigated the induction of hepatic cyp2e1 by ethanol and nicotine, alone and in combination, in a nonhuman primate model. monkeys that self-administered ethanol and that received subcutaneous injections of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg b.i.d.), alone and in combination, were com ... | 2011 | 21868470 |
| phase i study evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of mdx-1303, a fully human monoclonal antibody against bacillus anthracis protective antigen, in healthy volunteers. | mdx-1303 (valortim) is a fully human monoclonal antibody (hmab) with a high affinity for bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pa). mdx-1303 binds to pa and interferes with the activity of the anthrax toxin; it was selected based on its superior functional activity in the toxin neutralization activity (tna) assay. mdx-1303 has demonstrated efficacy in the postexposure and therapeutic settings in new zealand white rabbits, cynomolgus monkeys, and african green monkeys. this phase i study sought ... | 2011 | 21976227 |
| development of a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in the nonhuman primate and a safety study of i.v. infusion of human mesenchymal stem cells. | most experimental stroke research is carried out in rodents, but given differences between rodents and human, nonhuman primate (nhp) models may provide a valuable tool to study therapeutic interventions. the authors developed a surgical method for transient occlusion of the m1 branch of middle cerebral artery (mca) in the african green monkey to evaluate safety aspects of intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (hmscs) derived from human bone marrow. | 2011 | 22039510 |
| Hair cortisol levels track phylogenetic and age related differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in non-human primates. | Hair has been shown to archive a uniquely time averaged signal of endocrine activity, and holds attractive advantages for both laboratory and field research. Prior research has explored the potential of hair hormone analysis to examine hormone-behavior relationships. To date, no research has focused on the potential of the technique to investigate age-related changes or taxon differences in endocrine function. It is known that non-human primate infants of many taxa exhibit high cortisol levels a ... | 2011 | 21893059 |