| tapimp2, a pathogen-induced myb protein in wheat, contributes to host resistance to common root rot caused by bipolaris sorokiniana. | myb transcription factors (tfs) have been implicated in various biology processes in model plants. however, functions of the great majority of myb tfs in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have not been characterized. the soil-borne fungal pathogens bipolaris sorokiniana and rhizoctonia cerealis are the causal agents of important destructive diseases of wheat. here, the tapimp2 gene, encoding a pathogen-induced myb protein in wheat, was isolated through comparative transcriptomic analysis, and its def ... | 2017 | 28496196 |
| phenotyping at hot spots and tagging of qtls conferring spot blotch resistance in bread wheat. | spot blotch is a major foliar disease of wheat caused by bipolaris sorokiniana in warm and humid environments of the world including south asian countries. in india, it has a larger impact in indo-gangetic plains of the country. therefore, the present study was undertaken to phenotype a mapping population at different hot spots of india and to detect quantitative trait loci (qtl) for resistance to spot blotch in wheat. for this study, 209 single seed descent (ssd) derived f8, f9, f10 recombinant ... | 2016 | 27562852 |
| elucidation of defense-related signaling responses to spot blotch infection in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | spot blotch disease, caused by bipolaris sorokiniana, is an important threat to wheat, causing an annual loss of ~17%. under epidemic conditions, these losses may be 100%, yet the molecular responses of wheat to spot blotch remain almost uncharacterized. moreover, defense-related phytohormone signaling genes have been poorly characterized in wheat. here, we have identified 18 central components of salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja), ethylene (et), and enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (eds1 ... | 2016 | 26932764 |
| [activity of protective proteins in wheat plants treated with chitooligosaccharides with different degrees of acetylation and infection with bipolaris sorokiniana]. | the influence of chitooligosaccharides (cos) with different degrees of acetylation (da) on the production of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and changes in the level of gene expression of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins (oxalate oxidase aj556991.1, peroxidase tc 151917, chitinase av029935l, proteinase inhibitor eu293132.1) in the roots of the wheat triticum aestivum l. inoculated with root rot pathogen bipolaris sorokiniana (sacc.) shoenaker was investigated. differences were detected in plant respo ... | 2016 | 25707110 |
| qtl for spot blotch resistance in bread wheat line saar co-locate to the biotrophic disease resistance loci lr34 and lr46. | spot blotch caused by bipolaris sorokiniana is a major disease of wheat in warm and humid wheat growing regions of the world including south asian countries such as india, nepal and bangladesh. the cimmyt bread wheat line saar which carries the leaf tip necrosis (ltn)-associated rust resistance genes lr34 and lr46 has exhibited a low level of spot blotch disease in field trials conducted in asia and south america. one hundred and fourteen recombinant inbred lines (rils) of avocet (susceptible) × ... | 2013 | 23139144 |
| assessment of environmental and health risks in former polymetallic ore mining and smelting area, slovakia: spatial distribution and accumulation of mercury in four different ecosystems. | former long-term mining and smelting of pollymetallic ores in the middle spiš area caused a serious contamination problem of the environment with heavy metals and metalloids, especially mercury (hg). several studies have reported concentration of hg in the area but this paper provides first detailed characterization of hg contamination of different environmental components in agricultural, forest, grassland and urban ecosystems. the ecosystems are in different distances from emission sources - f ... | 2017 | 28633101 |
| the wheat nb-lrr gene tarcr1 is required for host defence response to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen rhizoctonia cerealis. | the necrotrophic fungus rhizoctonia cerealis is the major pathogen causing sharp eyespot disease in wheat (triticum aestivum). nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (nb-lrr) proteins often mediate plant disease resistance to biotrophic pathogens. little is known about the role of nb-lrr genes involved in wheat response to r. cerealis. in this study, a wheat nb-lrr gene, named tarcr1, was identified in response to r. cerealis infection using artificial neural network analysis based on comparativ ... | 2017 | 27862842 |
| the wheat r2r3-myb transcription factor tarim1 participates in resistance response against the pathogen rhizoctonia cerealis infection through regulating defense genes. | the necrotrophic fungus rhizoctonia cerealis is a major pathogen of sharp eyespot that is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum). little is known about roles of myb genes in wheat defense response to r. cerealis. in this study, tarim1, a r. cerealis-induced wheat myb gene, was identified by transcriptome analysis, then cloned from resistant wheat ci12633, and its function and preliminary mechanism were studied. sequence analysis showed that tarim1 encodes a r2r3-myb transcription fac ... | 2016 | 27364458 |
| mapping of qtl conferring resistance to sharp eyespot (rhizoctonia cerealis) in bread wheat at the adult plant growth stage. | seven sharp eyespot resistance qtl were detected consistently across five environments and delimited to seven dna marker intervals, respectively, six of which were independent of plant height and heading time. sharp eyespot, caused mainly by the soil-borne fungus rhizoctonia cerealis, is one of the important diseases of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). this disease has escalated into a major threat to wheat production in some regions of the world. wheat resistance to sharp eyespot can be a po ... | 2013 | 23989648 |
| synergistic effect of chryseobacterium gleum sp. suk with acc deaminase activity in alleviation of salt stress and plant growth promotion in triticum aestivum l. | soil salinity is major abiotic stresses affecting morphological, biochemical and physiological processes of plant growth. chryseobacterium gleum sp. suk isolated from salt-stressed soil exhibited acc (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase activity with iaa (indole acetic acid), siderophore, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide production, 2% salt tolerance and fungal cell wall degrading enzyme production (cellulase, protease). the isolate also showed a poultry feather degrading activity which is the ... | 2017 | 28560646 |
| fungal flora and aflatoxin contamination in pakistani wheat kernels (triticum aestivum l.) and their attribution in seed germination. | this study aimed to isolate fungal pathogens and to subsequently quantify aflatoxin (af; b1 + b2 + g1 + g2) contamination in wheat crops grown in pakistan. accordingly, a total of 185 wheat samples were collected from different areas of pakistan and numerous potent fungal pathogens were isolated. af contamination attributed to the presence of intoxicating fungal pathogens and resulting metabolic activities were quantified using a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector coupl ... | 2016 | 28911571 |
| isolation of a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) from wheat. | evidence for the presence of a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) from a monocotyledonous cereal is presented. a 40.3-kda pgip that was closely associated with the cell wall was acetone-extracted and purified from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves and stems. wheat pgip exhibited a highly selective inhibitory activity against endopolygalacturonase (epg) from various fungi. of nine epg tested, wheat pgip only inhibited epg from cochliobolus sativus, a pathogen of the tribe poaceae. a sh ... | 2003 | 14601663 |
| the fusarium crown rot pathogen fusarium pseudograminearum triggers a suite of transcriptional and metabolic changes in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fusarium crown rot caused by the fungal pathogen fusarium pseudograminearum is a disease of wheat and barley, bearing significant economic cost. efforts to develop effective resistance to this disease have been hampered by the quantitative nature of resistance and a lack of understanding of the factors associated with resistance and susceptibility. here, we aimed to dissect transcriptional responses triggered in wheat by f. pseudograminearum infection. | 2017 | 27941094 |
| markers for seedling and adult plant crown rot resistance in four partially resistant bread wheat sources. | qtl identified for seedling and adult plant crown rot resistance in four partially resistant hexaploid wheat sources. pcr-based markers identified for use in marker-assisted selection. crown rot, caused by fusarium pseudograminearum, is an important disease of wheat in many wheat-growing regions globally. complete resistance to infection by f. pseudograminearum has not been observed in a wheat host, but germplasm with partial resistance to this pathogen has been identified. the partially resista ... | 2015 | 25471673 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for resistance to fusarium crown rot (fusarium pseudograminearum) in multiple assay environments in the pacific northwestern us. | fusarium crown rot (fcr), caused by fusarium pseudograminearum and f. culmorum, reduces wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yields in the pacific northwest (pnw) of the us by as much as 35%. resistance to fcr has not yet been discovered in currently grown pnw wheat cultivars. several significant quantitative trait loci (qtl) for fcr resistance have been documented on chromosomes 1a, 1d, 2b, 3b, and 4b in resistant australian cultivars. our objective was to identify qtl and tightly linked ssr markers fo ... | 2012 | 22366812 |
| pyramiding qtl increases seedling resistance to crown rot (fusarium pseudograminearum) of wheat (triticum aestivum). | crown rot of wheat (triticum aestivum), predominantly caused by the fungus fusarium pseudograminearum, has become an increasingly important disease constraint in many winter cereal production regions in australia. our group has previously identified a range of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for partial resistance to crown rot in various bread wheat sources. here, we report on work that has assessed the effectiveness of pyramiding qtl to improve resistance to crown rot. two doubled haploid populat ... | 2010 | 20198470 |
| screening and characterization of potentially suppressive soils against gaeumannomyces graminis under extensive wheat cropping by chilean indigenous communities. | wheat production around the world is severely compromised by the occurrence of "take-all" disease, which is caused by the soil-borne pathogen gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). in this context, suppressive soils are those environments in which plants comparatively suffer less soil-borne pathogen diseases than expected, owing to native soil microorganism activities. in southern chile, where 85% of the national cereal production takes place, several studies have suggested the existence of ... | 2017 | 28861064 |
| identifying variation in resistance to the take-all fungus, gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, between different ancestral and modern wheat species. | ancestral wheat relatives are important sources of genetic diversity for the introduction of novel traits for the improvement of modern bread wheat. in this study the aim was to assess the susceptibility of 34 accessions of the diploid wheat triticum monococcum (a genome) to gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt), the causal agent of take-all disease. the second aim was to explore the susceptibility of tetraploid wheat (t. durum) and the b genome progenitor species aegilops speltoides to ggt ... | 2014 | 25084989 |
| expression of a potato antimicrobial peptide sn1 increases resistance to take-all pathogen gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in transgenic wheat. | take-all, caused by soil-borne fungus gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt), is a devastating root disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. breeding resistant wheat cultivars is the most promising and reliable approach to protect wheat from take-all. currently, no resistant wheat germplasm is available to breed cultivars using traditional methods. in this study, gene transformation was carried out using snakin-1 (sn1) gene isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum) because the peptide ... | 2013 | 23839728 |
| transgenic wheat expressing thinopyrum intermedium myb transcription factor timyb2r-1 shows enhanced resistance to the take-all disease. | the disease take-all, caused by the fungus gaeumannomyces graminis, is one of the most destructive root diseases of wheat worldwide. breeding resistant cultivars is an effective way to protect wheat from take-all. however, little progress has been made in improving the disease resistance level in commercial wheat cultivars. myb transcription factors play important roles in plant responses to environmental stresses. in this study, an r2r3-myb gene in thinopyrum intermedium, timyb2r-1, was cloned ... | 2013 | 23547108 |
| solid-substrate fermentation of wheat grains by mycelia of indigenous species of the genus ganoderma (higher basidiomycetes) to enhance the antioxidant activities. | species of the genus ganoderma are a cosmopolitan wood decaying white rot fungi, which has been used by the asians for therapeutic purposes for centuries. in the present study, solid-substrate fermentation (ssf) of wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.) was carried out with indigenous ganoderma australe (kum60813) and g. neo-japonicum (kum61076) selected based on ethnomycological knowledge. g. lucidum (vita gl) (a commercial strain) was also included in the study. antioxidant activities of the crud ... | 2014 | 24941167 |
| plant growth depressions in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses: not just caused by carbon drain? | * this study investigated effects of plant density and arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) colonization on growth and phosphorus (p) nutrition of a cultivar of wheat (triticum aestivum) that often shows early am-induced growth depressions. * two experiments were conducted. expt 1 had three plant densities and one soil p concentration. expt 2 had two plant densities and two p concentrations. plants were grown in calcareous p-fixing soil, inoculated with glomus intraradices or gigaspora margarita, or noni ... | 2008 | 18346106 |
| arbuscular mycorrhiza augments arsenic tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by strengthening antioxidant defense system and thiol metabolism. | arbuscular mycorrhiza (am) can help plants to tolerate arsenic (as) toxicity. however, plant responses are found to vary with the host plant and the am fungal species. the present study compares the efficacy of two am fungi rhizoglomus intraradices (m1) and glomus etunicatum (m2) in amelioration of as stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. hd-2967). mycorrhizal (m) and non-mycorrhizal (nm) wheat plants were subjected to four levels of as (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg as kg(-1) soil). although as ad ... | 2017 | 28642762 |
| influence of ultraviolet-c radiation on some growth parameters of mycorrhizal wheat plants. | uv-c radiation (220-280 nm) is known to causing damage in some physiological growth parameters such as chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein and sugar contents. in this study, effect of some species of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on tolerance of uv-c radiation in wheat plants was studied. wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. azar2) plants colonized by three species of mycorrhizae namely glomus etunicatum, glomus intraradices and glomus veruciforme were used in this study. they have been exposed ... | 2007 | 19086585 |
| response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown conventionally and on beds in a sandy loam soil. | the present study was undertaken to assess the benefit and compare the functioning of am fungi on wheat grown conventionally and on beds. ten treatment combinations were used, treatments 1 and 2: no fertilizers with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi (in vitro produced glomus intraradices); 3:100% of recommended npk: (120 kg ha(-1) n; 60 kg ha(-1) p; 50 kg ha(-1) k), and 4 and 5: 75% of recommended npk dose with and without am inoculation in a 5 × 2 split-plot design on wheat using co ... | 2011 | 22754021 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute to phosphorus uptake by wheat grown in a phosphorus-fixing soil even in the absence of positive growth responses. | we used 32p to quantify the contribution of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus (glomus intraradices) to phosphorus (p) uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum), grown in compartmented pots. the soil was from a major cereal-growing area, the eyre peninsula, south australia; it was highly calcareous and p-fixing. fertilizer p was added to soil at 20 mg kg(-1), as solid or liquid. two extraction methods were used to estimate plant-available p. fungal colonization was well established at harvest (36 d ... | 2006 | 17083683 |
| chemical alteration of the rhizosphere of the mycorrhizal-colonized wheat root. | plexiglass pot growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the chemical alterations in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal wheat roots after inoculation with glomus intraradices [arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf)]. exchange resins were used as sinks for nutrients to determine whether the inoculated plant can increase the solubility and the uptake of p and micronutrients. treatments included: (1) soil (bulk soil); (2) amf inoculation no p addition (i-p); (3) no inoculation with no p additi ... | 2005 | 15503187 |
| a mycorrhiza-responsive protein in wheat roots. | a small protein, designated myk15, was found to be strongly induced in wheat ( triticum aestivum) roots colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices. this protein, which is most abundant in root fractions characterized by strong mycorrhizal colonization, has been characterized using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and microsequencing. it has an apparent molecular mass of 15 kda and an isoelectric point of 4.5. the n-terminal sequence has high similarity t ... | 2002 | 12189477 |
| responses of wheat plants to interactions of 24-epibrassinolide and glomus mosseae in saline condition. | this study was designed to investigate the possible effects of 24-epibrassinolide (br), arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus, glomus mosseae, singularly and collectively under salt stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants. after foliar spraying of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants by 5 µm epibrassinolide (24-epi), they were treated with 0 and 150 mm nacl for 2 weeks and then harvested. the results showed interactions of g. mosseae and 24-epi could alleviate the adverse effects of salinit ... | 2017 | 28878494 |
| proteomic insight into the mitigation of wheat root drought stress by arbuscular mycorrhizae. | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) are plant growth promoters that ameliorate plant-water relations and the nutrient uptake of wheat. in this work, two cultivars of triticum spp., a bread and a durum wheat, grown under drought stress and inoculated or not by amf, are evaluated through a shotgun proteomic approach. the amf association had beneficial effects as compared to non-mycorrhizal roots, in both bread and durum wheat. the beneficial symbiosis was confirmed by measuring morphological and ph ... | 2017 | 28366879 |
| the effects of root endophyte and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and cadmium accumulation in wheat under cadmium toxicity. | the effects of piriformospora indica and glomus mosseae on some growth and physiological parameters, and cadmium (cd) amounts in triticum aestivum cv. sardari39 plants under the toxic levels of cd were investigated. the experiment was carried out including four treatments (p. indica inoculation, g. mosseae inoculation, co-inoculation of g. mosseae and p. indica, and non-inoculation), each having four cd concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mm cd). in non-inoculated plants, by increasing cd concen ... | 2012 | 22902797 |
| field response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress. | mycorrhizal plants often have greater tolerance to drought than nonmycorrhizal plants. this study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi inoculation on growth, grain yield and mineral acquisition of two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars grown in the field under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. wheat seeds were planted in furrows after treatment with or without the am fungi glomus mosseae or g. etunicatum. roots were sampled at four grow ... | 2004 | 12942358 |
| ascorbic acid controls mycosphaerella graminicola in bread and durum wheat through direct effect on the pathogen and indirect action via plant defence. | septoria tritici blotch (stb) caused by mycosphaerella graminicola is one of the most devastating foliar diseases on wheat. due to the emergence of fungicide-resistant m. graminicola strains and in an effort to reduce the impact of pesticides on the environment, considerable interest has been devoted to alternative control strategies. the use of natural products, especially through a defense-activating effect on the host, could be considered. acid ascorbic (aa) is synthesized by plants and most ... | 2015 | 27141744 |
| plant oligosaccharides enhance wheat defence response against septoria leaf blotch. | our work provides the first evidence for elicitation and protection effects of preventive treatments with oligosaccharides (20%)-based new formulation (oligos) against mycosphaerella graminicola, a major pathogen of bread wheat (bw) and durum wheat (dw). in planta oligos treatment led to strongly reduced hyphal growth, penetration, mesophyll colonization and fructification. during the necrotrophic phase, oligos also drastically decreased the production of m. graminicola cwde activities, such as ... | 2015 | 27141743 |
| both mat1-1 and mat1-2 mating types of mycosphaerella graminicola occur at equal frequencies in algeria. | septoria tritici blotch caused by mycosphaerella graminicola is currently the most devastating disease on wheat crops worldwide. mycosphaerella graminicola sexual reproduction involves two mating type idiomorphs that were previously studied in several areas around the world, but not in algeria so far. the objective of this study was thus to determine the frequencies and distribution of m. graminicola mating types in this country. one hundred and twenty monoconidial isolates of this fungus (60 fr ... | 2014 | 26080482 |
| efficacy and modes of action of resistance inducers on two wheat species against mycosphaerella graminicola. | plant resistance inducers could be an alternative to conventional fungicides to control in a more durable and environmentally friendly manner fungal pathogens. here, we tested the protection efficacy and the modes of action of four resistance inducers (r1, r2, r3 and r4) against the causal agent of septoria tritici blotch, mycosphaerella graminicola, the most frequently occurring pathogen on wheat crops worldwide. the four inducers were tested on two wheat cultivars, premio (a french bread wheat ... | 2014 | 26080474 |
| the usefulness of fungicide mixtures and alternation for delaying the selection for resistance in populations of mycosphaerella graminicola on winter wheat: a modeling analysis. | a fungicide resistance model (reported and tested previously) was amended to describe the development of resistance in mycosphaerella graminicola populations in winter wheat (triticum aestivum) crops in two sets of fields, connected by spore dispersal. the model was used to evaluate the usefulness of concurrent, alternating, or mixture use of two high-resistance-risk fungicides as resistance management strategies. we determined the effect on the usefulness of each strategy of (i) fitness costs o ... | 2013 | 23384858 |
| plant resistance signalling hijacked by a necrotrophic fungal pathogen. | the strategies used by necrotrophic fungal pathogens to infect plants are often perceived as lacking the sophistication of their haustorium producing, host defence suppressing, biotrophic counterparts. there is also a relative paucity of knowledge regarding how effective gene-for-gene based resistance reactions might function against necrotrophic plant pathogens. however, recent data has emerged from a number of systems which has highlighted that particular species of necrotrophic (and/or hemibi ... | 2008 | 19704431 |
| genome-wide association mapping of resistance to eyespot disease (pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) in european winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and fine-mapping of pch1. | genotypes with recombination events in the triticum ventricosum introgression on chromosome 7d allowed to fine-map resistance gene pch1, the main source of eyespot resistance in european winter wheat cultivars. eyespot (also called strawbreaker) is a common and serious fungal disease of winter wheat caused by the necrotrophic fungi oculimacula yallundae and oculimacula acuformis (former name pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides). a genome-wide association study (gwas) for eyespot was performed wi ... | 2017 | 27866227 |
| functional characterization of penicillium occitanis pol6 and penicillium funiculosum gh11 xylanases. | xylanases are hemicellulolytic enzymes, which are responsible for the degradation of heteroxylans constituting the lignocellulosic plant cell wall. xylanases from the gh11 family are considered as true xylanases because of their high substrate specificity. in order to study in depth a crucial difference in the thumb region between two closely related xylanases from penicillium in terms of kinetic parameters and inhibition sensitivity, the gh11 xylanases from penicillium occitanis pol6 (poxyn3) a ... | 2013 | 23791774 |
| [effects of autoclaving and surface disinfection of wheat (triticum aestivum) on the production of ergosterol, ochratoxin a and citrinin by penicillium verrucosum]. | moist wheat was autoclaved, surface disinfected with naocl or left untreated. after inoculation with conidia of a toxigenic strain of penicillium verrucosum kernels were stored at 10 and 4 degrees c. the production of ergosterol, a chemical indicator of fungal growth, was accelerated at both temperatures by each of the two treatments, compared to untreated wheat. the accumulation of ochratoxin a and citrinin was accelerated by each of the two treatments at 10 degrees c, whereas it was accelerate ... | 1991 | 1950201 |
| global diversity and distribution of three necrotrophic effectors in phaeosphaeria nodorum and related species. | population genetic and phylogenetic studies have shown that phaeosphaeria nodorum is a member of a species complex that probably shares its center of origin with wheat (triticum aestivum and triticum durum). we examined the evolutionary histories of three known necrotrophic effectors (nes) produced by p. nodorum and compared them with neutral loci. we screened over 1000 individuals for the presence/absence of each effector and assigned each individual to a multi-effector genotype. diversity at e ... | 2013 | 23550706 |
| a functionally conserved zn2 cys6 binuclear cluster transcription factor class regulates necrotrophic effector gene expression and host-specific virulence of two major pleosporales fungal pathogens of wheat. | the fungus parastagonospora nodorum is the causal agent of septoria nodorum blotch of wheat (triticum aestivum). the interaction is mediated by multiple fungal necrotrophic effector-dominant host sensitivity gene interactions. the three best-characterized effector-sensitivity gene systems are sntoxa-tsn1, sntox1-snn1 and sntox3-snn3. these effector genes are highly expressed during early infection, but expression decreases as the infection progresses to tissue necrosis and sporulation. however, ... | 2017 | 27860150 |
| new insights into the roles of host gene-necrotrophic effector interactions in governing susceptibility of durum wheat to tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch. | tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch (snb) are important diseases of wheat caused by the necrotrophic fungi pyrenophora tritici-repentis and parastagonospora nodorum, respectively. the p. tritici-repentis necrotrophic effector (ne) ptr toxb causes tan spot when recognized by the tsc2 gene. the ne toxa is produced by both pathogens and has been associated with the development of both tan spot and snb when recognized by the wheat tsn1 gene. most work to study these interactions has been conducted ... | 2016 | 27777262 |
| differential effector gene expression underpins epistasis in a plant fungal disease. | fungal effector-host sensitivity gene interactions play a key role in determining the outcome of septoria nodorum blotch disease (snb) caused by parastagonospora nodorum on wheat. the pathosystem is complex and mediated by interaction of multiple fungal necrotrophic effector-host sensitivity gene systems. three effector sensitivity gene systems are well characterized in this pathosystem; sntoxa-tsn1, sntox1-snn1 and sntox3-snn3. we tested a wheat mapping population that segregated for snn1 and s ... | 2016 | 27133896 |
| predicting pre-planting risk of stagonospora nodorum blotch in winter wheat using machine learning models. | pre-planting factors have been associated with the late-season severity of stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb), caused by the fungal pathogen parastagonospora nodorum, in winter wheat (triticum aestivum). the relative importance of these factors in the risk of snb has not been determined and this knowledge can facilitate disease management decisions prior to planting of the wheat crop. in this study, we examined the performance of multiple regression (mr) and three machine learning algorithms name ... | 2016 | 27064542 |
| marker development, saturation mapping, and high-resolution mapping of the septoria nodorum blotch susceptibility gene snn3-b1 in wheat. | septoria nodorum blotch (snb), caused by parastagonospora nodorum, is a severe foliar and glume disease on durum and common wheat. pathogen-produced necrotrophic effectors (nes) are the major determinants for snb on leaves. one such ne is sntox3, which evokes programmed cell death and leads to disease when recognized by the wheat snn3-b1 gene. here, we developed saturated genetic linkage maps of the snn3-b1 region using two f2 populations derived from the sntox3-sensitive line sumai 3 crossed wi ... | 2016 | 26187026 |
| quantifying the effects of wheat residue on severity of stagonospora nodorum blotch and yield in winter wheat. | stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb), caused by the fungus parastagonospora nodorum, is a major disease of wheat (triticum aestivum). residue from a previously infected wheat crop can be an important source of initial inoculum, but the effects of infected residue on disease severity and yield have not previously been quantified. experiments were conducted in raleigh and salisbury, north carolina, in 2012, 2013, and 2014 using the moderately susceptible winter wheat cultivar dg shirley. in 2014, the ... | 2015 | 26167761 |
| [the effect of salicylic and jasmonic acids on the activity and range of protective proteins during the infection of wheat by the septoriosis pathogen]. | the influence of salicylic (sa) and jasmonic (ja) acids as signaling systems mediators on the generation of h2o2 and expression of genes encoding protective proteins was studied in the leaves of wheat triticum aestivum l. upon infection with the pathogen of septoriosis septoria nodorum berk. it was found that presowing treatment of seeds with sa and ja decreased the development of the fungus on the leaves of wheat and had a stimulating effect on the production of h2o2 in the area of infection. a ... | 2016 | 25872398 |
| [the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the components of pro- and antioxidant systems of wheat and the development of protective reactions in fungal pathogenesis]. | the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp), which inhibits the reception of ethylene, on the following has been studied: hydrogen peroxide generation, oxalate oxidase activity, peroxidase activity, catalase activity, and lignin accumulation in infected leaves of soft spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeds that differ in their resistance to the causative agent of leaf blotch septoria nodorum berk. a decrease in the development of leaf blotch in wheat leaves under the influence of 1-mcp was, o ... | 2016 | 25707109 |
| [effect of chitooligosaccharides with different degrees of acetylation on the activity of wheat pathogen-inducible anionic peroxidase]. | the effect of chitooligosaccharides (choss) with a molecular weight of 5-10 kda and a degree of acetylation (da) of 65 and 13% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l on the expression of the tc151917 gene, which encodes wheat anionic peroxidase, and the activity of "anionic" isoperoxidases in common wheat plants infected with septoria nodorum berk.--the causative agent of septoriosis. treatment with choss with a 65% da and infection promoted the transcription of the anionic peroxidase gene and increased ... | 2014 | 25272758 |
| high-resolution analysis of a qtl for resistance to stagonospora nodorum glume blotch in wheat reveals presence of two distinct resistance loci in the target interval. | stagonospora nodorum glume blotch (sng), caused by the necrotrophic fungus stagonospora nodorum, is one of the economically important diseases of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). resistance to sng is known to be quantitative and previous studies of a recombinant inbred line (ril) population identified a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) for resistance to sng on the short arm of chromosome 3b. to localize this qtl (qsng.sfr-3bs) with high resolution, we constructed a genetic map for the qtl ... | 2014 | 24306318 |
| the necrotrophic effector sntoxa induces the synthesis of a novel phytoalexin in wheat. | stagonospora nodorum and pyrenophora tritici-repentis produce the effector toxa that interacts with the dominant susceptibility gene in wheat, tsn1. however, the way in which toxa induces cell death and causes disease is unclear. here, we performed comprehensive metabolite profiling of toxa-infiltrated wheat (triticum aestivum) to observe the secondary metabolite response to this effector. a strong induction of secondary metabolism subsequent to sntoxa infiltration was observed, including the mo ... | 2013 | 23782173 |
| resequencing and comparative genomics of stagonospora nodorum: sectional gene absence and effector discovery. | stagonospora nodorum is an important wheat (triticum aestivum) pathogen in many parts of the world, causing major yield losses. it was the first species in the large fungal dothideomycete class to be genome sequenced. the reference genome sequence (sn15) has been instrumental in the discovery of genes encoding necrotrophic effectors that induce disease symptoms in specific host genotypes. here we present the genome sequence of two further s. nodorum strains (sn4 and sn79) that differ in their ef ... | 2013 | 23589517 |
| homoeology of thinopyrum junceum and elymus rectisetus chromosomes to wheat and disease resistance conferred by the thinopyrum and elymus chromosomes in wheat. | thirteen common wheat "chinese spring" (cs)-thinopyrum junceum addition lines and three common wheat "fukuhokomuji"(fuku)-elymus rectisetus addition lines were characterized and verified as disomic additions of a th. junceum or e. rectisetus chromosome in the wheat backgrounds by fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization. another fuku-e. rectisetus addition line, a1048, was found to contain multiple segregating e. rectisetus chromosomes. seven partial cs-th. junceum amphiploids were identified t ... | 2012 | 22968763 |
| characterization of alien chromosomes in backcross derivatives of triticum aestivum × elymus rectisetus hybrids by using molecular markers and sequential multicolor fish/gish. | wild triticeae grasses serve as important gene pools for forage and cereal crops. based on dna sequences of genome-specific rapd markers, sequence-tagged site (sts) markers specific for w and y genomes have been obtained. coupling with the use of genomic in situ hybridization, these sts markers enabled the identification of the w- and y-genome chromosomes in backcross derivatives from hybrids of bread wheat triticum aestivum l. (2n=42; aabbdd) and elymus rectisetus (nees in lehm.) á. löve & conn ... | 2012 | 22494709 |
| effect of pleurotus eryngii mushroom β-glucan on quality characteristics of common wheat pasta. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-glucan-rich fractions (bgrfs) from pleurotus eryngii mushroom powder on the quality, textural properties, and sensory evaluation of common wheat pasta. pasta was prepared from semolina flour and common wheat flour by replacing common wheat flour at 2%, 4%, and 6% with bgrfs. semolina flour showed significantly higher viscosities than common wheat flour samples. however, all viscosities, except the breakdown viscosity, were reduced with ... | 2016 | 26919287 |
| degradation of lignin in wheat straw during growth of the oyster mushroom (pleurotus ostreatus) using off-line thermochemolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide and solid-state (13)c nmr. | the oyster mushroom (pleurotus ostreatus) is widely cultivated on wheat straw (triticum aestivum); however, there is a need to better understand the relationship between the chemical composition of the compost and mushroom growth. wheat straw was degraded over a period of 63 days by p. ostreatus during which time it was sampled at weekly intervals. off-line thermochemolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide and solid-state (13)c nmr were then used in the molecular characterization of the undegr ... | 2001 | 11409955 |
| characterization of pyrenophora tritici-repentis (tan spot of wheat) races in baltic states and romania. | tan spot, caused by the fungus pyrenophora triticirepentis, is economically important foliar disease in latvia, lithuania, and romania; however, race structure from baltic states and romania is not known. in this study, we performed genotypic and phenotypic race characterization of a large collection of p. triticirepentis isolates from these countries to determine race structure and utilize this information for better disease management and breeding wheat for tan spot resistance. we characterize ... | 2017 | 28381960 |
| generation of a toxa knockout strain of the wheat tan spot pathogen pyrenophora tritici-repentis. | the necrotrophic fungal pathogen pyrenophora tritici-repentis causes tan spot, a major disease of wheat, throughout the world. the proteinaceous effector toxa is responsible for foliar necrosis on toxa-sensitive wheat genotypes. the single copy toxa gene was deleted from a wild-type race 1 p. tritici-repentis isolate via homologous recombination of a knockout construct. expression of the toxa transcript was found to be absent in transformants (toxa), as was toxa protein production in fungal cult ... | 2014 | 24831982 |
| seed coating with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as an ecotechnologicalapproach for sustainable agricultural production of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the exploitation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi has become of great interest in agriculture due to their potential roles in reducing the need for agrochemicals, while improving plant growth and nutrition. nevertheless, the application of am fungi by dispersing inocula in granular form to open agricultural fields is not feasible because nontargeted spreading of inocula over large surface areas results in high cost per plant. seed coating has the potential to significantly reduce the amount ... | 2016 | 27077274 |
| arbuscular mycorrhiza improve growth, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat grown under elevated co2. | effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus rhizophagus irregularis on plant growth, carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) accumulation, and partitioning was investigated in triticum aestivum l. plants grown under elevated co2 in a pot experiment. wheat plants inoculated or not inoculated with the am fungus were grown in two glasshouse cells with different co2 concentrations (400 and 700 ppm) for 10 weeks. a (15)n isotope labeling technique was used to trace plant n uptake. results showed that eleva ... | 2016 | 26148451 |
| differential regulation of genes coding for organelle and cytosolic clpatpases under biotic and abiotic stresses in wheat. | a sub-group of class i caseinolytic proteases (clps) function as molecular chaperone and confer thermotolerance to plants. we identified class i clp family consisting of five clpb/hsp100, two clpc, and two clpd genes from bread wheat. phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes were highly conserved across grass genomes. subcellular localization prediction revealed that taclpc and taclpd subgroup proteins and taclpb1 proteins are potentially targeted to chloroplast, while taclpb5 to mitochondr ... | 2016 | 27446158 |
| a novel qtl associated with dwarf bunt resistance in idaho 444 winter wheat. | a novel qtl, q.db.ui-7ds, and the pcr-based markers identified in the current study will accelerate variety development for resistance to dwarf and common bunt of wheat. dwarf bunt [tilletia controversa j.g. kühn [as 'contraversa'], in rabenhorst, hedwigia 13: 188 (1874)] is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that reduces grain yield and quality. a number of distinct genes conferring resistance to dwarf bunt have been used by breeding programs for nearly 100 years. however, fe ... | 2016 | 27681089 |
| induction of pistil-like structures in suspension-derived callus cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum). | in the following a method for the induction of pistil-like structures in wheat suspension cultures (triticum aestivum l.) is described. in young influorescences of plants, which were artificially infected with the wheat bunt fungi (tilletia controversa), organogenic calli with pistil-like structures could be induced on loblolly pine medium + 3 mg/l 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy benzoic acid. the yield of these structures in calli from a five-month-old suspension culture was up to 100 per gram of callus ... | 1987 | 24248846 |
| isolation and in-silico characterization of peroxidase isoenzymes from wheat (triticum aestivum) against karnal bunt (tilletia indica). | to investigate the role of peroxidase and its physiological significance under karnal bunt (kb) were determined in resistant (hd-29) and susceptible genotype (wh-542) of wheat during different developmental stages. the enzymes were expressed constitutively in both the susceptible and resistant genotype. in gel assay and differential expression analysis of pod was significantly higher (p >0.05) in sv and s2, than the s1 and s3 stages. in silico analysis of peroxidase for eg. physico-chemical prop ... | 2014 | 24616560 |
| expression and in silico characterization of phenylalanine ammonium lyase against karnal bunt (tilletia indica) in wheat (triticum aestivum). | to investigate the lignifications process and its physiological significance under karnal bunt (kb), the changes in enzymes responsible for lignifications likes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal), were determined in resistant (hd-29) and susceptible genotype (wh-542) of wheat during different developmental stages. the pal gene was cloned and sequenced. the expression of pal gene was measured by means of semi-quantitative rt-pcr. the enzyme was expressed constitutively in both the susceptible and ... | 2013 | 24497728 |
| investigations on the biological activity of tylopilus felleus (bull. ex fr.) p. karst. by means of phytobiological tests. | the effect of the undialysed (nd) aqueous fraction prepared from the fruitbodies of tylopilus felleus and of actinomycin c on the biosynthesis of dna in the seedling roots of triticum vulgare and on the increase of their mass was investigated. the content of dna (expressed in mug) in the determined amount of the seedling roots of triticum vulgare after treating of material with the nd fraction, was 9-1--23-3% higher than in the control. the investigated fraction inhibited the increase of the mas ... | 2013 | 54908 |
| nuclear and cytoplasmic gene control of resistance to loose smut (ustilago tritici (pers.) rostr.) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | using disomic chromosome substitution lines based on the susceptible wheat cultivar 'chinese spring', loose smut resistance of wheat cultivars 'hope' and 'thatcher' was shown to be conferred in each case by a single dominant major gene carried on chromosome 7 a ('hope') or 7 b ('thatcher'). partial resistance was determined by genes on an additional eight 'hope' or seven 'thatcher' chromosomes, and similarities were evident between the partial resistance genotypes of'hope' and 'thatcher'. 'chine ... | 1989 | 24226026 |
| influence of water activity and temperature on growth and fumonisin production by fusarium proliferatum strains on irradiated wheat grains. | wheat is the most important cereal consumed by the argentine population. in previous studies performed in durum and common wheat grains in this country it has been observed fumonisin contamination as well as high incidence of fusarium proliferatum. fumonisins are toxic fungal metabolites, and consumption of fumonisin-contaminated maize has been epidemiologically associated with oesophageal cancer and neural tube defects in some human populations. using irradiated wheat-grains, the effects of abi ... | 2017 | 29216556 |
| effect of allelic variation at the glu-3/gli-1 loci on breadmaking quality parameters in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | low molecular weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) encoded by the glu-3 loci are known to contribute to wheat breadmaking quality. however, the specific effect of individual glu-3 alleles is not well understood due to their complex protein banding patterns in sds-page and tight linkage with gliadins at the gli-1 locus. using dna markers and a backcross program we developed a set of nine near isogenic lines (nils) including different glu-a3/glia-1 or glu-b3/gli-b1 alleles in the genetic background o ... | 2015 | 27818572 |
| characterization and mapping of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance loci in hexaploid wheat lines uc1110 and pi610750 under mexican environments. | growing resistant wheat varieties is a key method of minimizing the extent of yield losses caused by the globally important wheat leaf rust (lr) and stripe rust (yr) diseases. in this study, a population of 186 f8 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross between a synthetic wheat derivative (pi610750) and an adapted common wheat line (cv. "uc1110") were phenotyped for lr and yr response at both seedling and adult plant stages over multiple seasons. using a genetic linkage map consist ... | 2017 | 28878791 |
| candidate loci involved in domestication and improvement detected by a published 90k wheat snp array. | selection is one of the most important forces in crop evolution. common wheat is a major world food crop and a typical allopolyploid with a huge and complex genome. we applied four approaches to detect loci selected in wheat during domestication and improvement. a total of 7,984 candidate loci were detected, accounting for 23.3% of all 34,317 snps analysed, a much higher proportion than estimated in previous reports. we constructed a first generation wheat selection map which revealed the follow ... | 2017 | 28327671 |
| breeding value of primary synthetic wheat genotypes for grain yield. | to introduce new genetic diversity into the bread wheat gene pool from its progenitor, aegilops tauschii (coss.) schmalh, 33 primary synthetic hexaploid wheat genotypes (syn) were crossed to 20 spring bread wheat (bw) cultivars at the international wheat and maize improvement center. modified single seed descent was used to develop 97 populations with 50 individuals per population using first back-cross, biparental, and three-way crosses. individuals from each cross were selected for short statu ... | 2017 | 27656893 |
| making the bread: insights from newly synthesized allohexaploid wheat. | bread wheat (or common wheat, triticum aestivum) is an allohexaploid (aabbdd, 2n = 6x = 42) that arose by hybridization between a cultivated tetraploid wheat t. turgidum (aabb, 2n = 4x = 28) and the wild goatgrass aegilops tauschii (dd, 2n = 2x = 14). polyploidization provided niches for rigorous genome modification at cytogenetic, genetic, and epigenetic levels, rendering a broader spread than its progenitors. this review summarizes the latest advances in understanding gene regulation mechanism ... | 2015 | 25747845 |
| line differences in cor/lea and fructan biosynthesis-related gene transcript accumulation are related to distinct freezing tolerance levels in synthetic wheat hexaploids. | in common wheat, cultivar differences in freezing tolerance are considered to be mainly due to allelic differences at two major loci controlling freezing tolerance. one of the two loci, fr-2, is coincident with a cluster of genes encoding c-repeat binding factors (cbfs), which induce downstream cor/lea genes during cold acclimation. here, we conducted microarray analysis to study comprehensive changes in gene expression profile under long-term low-temperature (lt) treatment and to identify other ... | 2015 | 25577733 |
| development, identification and utilization of introgression lines using chinese endemic and synthetic wheat as donors. | chromosome segmental introgression lines (ils) are an effective way to utilize germplasm resources in crops. to improve agronomic traits of wheat cultivar (triticum aestivum) shi 4185, four sets of ils were developed. the donors were chinese endemic subspecies accessions yunnan wheat (t. aestivum ssp. yunnanense) yn3, tibetan semi-wild wheat (t. aestivum ssp. tibetanum) xz-zm19450, and xinjiang wheat (t. aestivum ssp. petropavlovskyi) xj5, and synthetic wheat hc-xm1620 derived from a cross betwe ... | 2015 | 25545589 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci for abscisic acid responsiveness in the d-genome of hexaploid wheat. | in crop species such as wheat, abiotic stresses and preharvest sprouting reduce grain yield and quality. the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba) plays important roles in abiotic stress tolerance and seed dormancy. in previous studies, we evaluated aba responsiveness of 67 aegilops tauschii accessions and their synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, finding wide variation that was due to the d-genome. in this study, quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis was performed using an f2 population derived from ... | 2014 | 24877675 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci controlling grain size and shape in the d genome of synthetic hexaploid wheat lines. | synthetic hexaploid wheat is an effective genetic resource for transferring agronomically important genes from aegilops tauschii to common wheat. wide variation in grain size and shape, one of the main targets for wheat breeding, has been observed among ae. tauschii accessions. to identify the quantitative trait loci (qtls) responsible for grain size and shape variation in the wheat d genome under a hexaploid genetic background, six parameters related to grain size and shape were measured using ... | 2013 | 24399915 |
| expression of potential resistance genes to the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae, in wheat, triticum aestivum. | the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae (f.) (homoptera: aphididae), is a dominant and destructive pest in wheat, triticum estivum l. (poales: poaceae), production regions in china and other grain-growing areas worldwide. patterns of gene expression of the s. avenae-resistant synthetic wheat line 98-10-35, the s. avenae-susceptible line1376, and their hybrid population, and the differences in segments between 98-10-35/1376 f₃ resistant plants and resistant parents of 98-10-35, as well as those ... | 2013 | 24205793 |
| genome-wide marker development for the wheat d genome based on single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from transcripts in the wild wheat progenitor aegilops tauschii. | 13,347 high-confidence snps were discovered through transcriptome sequencing of aegilops tauschii, which are useful for genomic analysis and molecular breeding of hexaploid wheat. in organisms with large and complex genomes, such as wheat, rna-seq analysis is cost-effective for discovery of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). in this study, deep sequencing of the spike transcriptome from two aegilops tauschii accessions representing two major lineages led to the discovery of 13,3 ... | 2014 | 24158251 |
| a non-additive interaction in a single locus causes a very short root phenotype in wheat. | non-additive allelic interactions underlie over dominant and under dominant inheritance, which explain positive and negative heterosis. these heteroses are often observed in the aboveground traits, but rarely reported in root. we identified a very short root (vsr) phenotype in the f1 hybrid between the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) landrace chinese spring and synthetic wheat accession ta4152-71. when germinated in tap water, primary roots of the parental lines reached ~15 cm 10 days after ... | 2013 | 23381806 |
| prevalence of gene expression additivity in genetically stable wheat allohexaploids. | the reprogramming of gene expression appears as the major trend in synthetic and natural allopolyploids where expression of an important proportion of genes was shown to deviate from that of the parents or the average of the parents. in this study, we analyzed gene expression changes in previously reported, highly stable synthetic wheat allohexaploids that combine the d genome of aegilops tauschii and the ab genome extracted from the natural hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum. a comprehensive gen ... | 2013 | 23278496 |
| development of diversity array technology (dart) markers for assessment of population structure and diversity in aegilops tauschii. | aegilops tauschii coss. is the d-genome donor to hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) and is the most promising wild species as a genetic resource for wheat breeding. to study the population structure and diversity of 81 ae. tauschii accessions collected from various regions of its geographical distribution, the genomic representation of these lines were used to develop a diversity array technology (dart) marker array. this ae. tauschii array and a previously developed dart wheat array were ... | 2012 | 23136512 |
| discovery of high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms from large-scale de novo analysis of leaf transcripts of aegilops tauschii, a wild wheat progenitor. | construction of high-resolution genetic maps is important for genetic and genomic research, as well as for molecular breeding. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are the predominant class of genetic variation and can be used as molecular markers. aegilops tauschii, the d-genome donor of common wheat, is considered a valuable genetic resource for wheat improvement. our previous study implied that ae. tauschii accessions can be genealogically divided into two major lineages. in this study, the ... | 2012 | 23125207 |
| variation in abscisic acid responsiveness of aegilops tauschii and hexaploid wheat synthetics due to the d-genome diversity. | common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an allohexaploid that originated from natural hybridization between tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum) and diploid aegilops tauschii. ae. tauschii is considered one of the potential sources of new genetic variation in abiotic stress tolerance for improving common wheat. abscisic acid (aba) plays an important role in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. in this study, aba responsiveness of 67 ae. tauschii accessions and their synthetic hexaploid whe ... | 2012 | 22531790 |
| variation in dehydration tolerance, aba sensitivity and related gene expression patterns in d-genome progenitor and synthetic hexaploid wheat lines. | the wild wheat aegilops tauschii coss. has extensive natural variation available for breeding of common wheat. drought stress tolerance is closely related to abscisic acid (aba) sensitivity. in this study, 17 synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, produced by crossing the tetraploid wheat cultivar langdon with 17 accessions of ae. tauschii, were used for comparative analysis of natural variation in drought tolerance and aba sensitivity. ae. tauschii showed wide natural variation, with weak association ... | 2009 | 19582226 |
| a synthetic wheat with 56 chromosomes derived from triticum turgidum and aegilops tauschii. | by colchicine treatment of hybrids between triticum turgidum and aegilops tauschii (as seedlings), a fertile wheat plant (shw-l2) carrying 56 chromosomes was artificially synthesized. at metaphase i of 50 pollen mother cells, the 56 chromosomes of the new wheat shw-l2 showed a mean pairing configuration of 2.82 univalents, 6.18 rod bivalents, 19.39 ring bivalents, 0.5 trivalents, and 0.14 quadrivalents. cytological analyses suggested that shw-l2 had additional 7 pairs of chromosomes from the a a ... | 2008 | 18263968 |
| characterization of quantitative trait loci controlling genetic variation for preharvest sprouting in synthetic backcross-derived wheat lines. | aegilops tauschii, the wild relative of wheat, has stronger seed dormancy, a major component of preharvest sprouting resistance (phsr), than bread wheat. a diploid ae. tauschii accession (aus18836) and a tetraploid (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum var. altar84) wheat were used to construct a synthetic wheat (syn37). the genetic architecture of phs was investigated in 271 bc(1)f(7) synthetic backcross lines (sbls) derived from syn37/2*janz (resistant/susceptible). the sbls were evaluated in three ... | 2008 | 18245824 |
| development, utilization of introgression lines using a synthetic wheat as donor. | a series of introgression lines (ils) were generated from repeated backcrossing between the exotic hexaploid wheat genotype am3 and the common wheat genotype laizhou953. am3 was synthesized by crossing triticum carthlicum with aegilops tauschii and was used as the donor parent in this study, and laizhou953 was used as the recurrent parent. two hundred and five ssr markers showing polymorphism between the two parents were used to identify the introgressed am3 chromosome segments in 97 bc4f3 ils. ... | 2006 | 16550399 |
| advanced backcross qtl analysis of a hard winter wheat x synthetic wheat population. | advanced backcross quantitative trait locus (ab-qtl) analysis was used to identify qtls for yield and yield components in a backcross population developed from a cross between hard red winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety karl 92 and the synthetic wheat line ta 4152-4. phenotypic data were collected for agronomic traits including heading date, plant height, kernels per spike, kernel weight, tiller number, biomass, harvest index, test weight, grain yield, protein content, and kernel hardne ... | 2006 | 16463062 |
| microsatellite dna polymorphism divergence in chinese wheat (triticum aestivum l.) landraces highly resistant to fusarium head blight. | genetic differences between 20 chinese wheat (triticum aestivum l.) landraces highly resistant to fusarium head blight (fhb) and 4 wheat lines highly susceptible to fhb were evaluated by means of microsatellite markers, in order to select suitable parents for gene mapping studies. thirty-nine out of 40 microsatellite markers (97.5%) were polymorphic among the 24 wheat genotypes. a total of 276 alleles were detected at the 40 microsatellite loci. the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 1 ... | 2005 | 15741658 |
| [construction of immune lines with complex resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew in common spring wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29]. | immune lines resistant both to leaf rust and to powdery mildew were constructed on the basis of common wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29. synthetic wheat triticum timopheevii/aegilops squarrosa (aaggdd, 2n = 42) of savov (bulgaria) was used as a source of resistance genes. using cytological analysis of bc2, we selected resistant plants (21") free from meiosis 1 (m1) defects. with these plants and continuous selection, bc8-bc9 immune lines were obtained. the lines were shown to carry new resistance ... | 2004 | 15272560 |
| advanced backcross qtl analysis for the identification of quantitative trait loci alleles from wild relatives of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). | advanced backcross qtl (ab-qtl) analysis was used to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for yield and yield components in a bc(2)f(2) population derived from a cross between the german winter wheat variety 'prinz' and the synthetic wheat line w-7984 developed by cimmyt. two hundred and ten microsatellite markers were employed to genotype 72 pre-selected bc(2)f(2) plants and phenotypic data were collected for five agronomic traits from corresponding bc(2)f(3) families that were grown at four ... | 2003 | 12750781 |
| mapping qtls for grain hardness and puroindoline content in wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). | genes for puroindoline-a (pin-a), puroindoline-b (pin-b) and grain-softness proteins (gsp) have been shown to be linked to the dominant ha locus responsible for the soft texture of the grain. though linkage has been demonstrated of the puroindoline genes to the ha locus, there is no clear evidence that puroindoline content is the product of the gene ha. a segregating population of 115 recombinant inbred lines (rils) originating from a cross between the hexaploid synthetic wheat ( triticum durum ... | 2002 | 12582867 |
| biochemical and genetic characterization of a monomeric storage protein (t1) with an unusually high molecular weight in triticum tauschii. | the protein named t1, present in triticum tauschii, was previously characterized as a high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin subunit with a molecular size similar to that of the y-type glutenin subunit-10 of triticum aestivum. this protein was present along with other hmw glutenin subunits named 2(t) and t2, and was considered as part of the same allele at the glu-d (t) 1locus of t. tauschii. this paper describes a re-evaluation of this protein, involving analyses of a collection of 173 accessions ... | 2002 | 12582724 |
| development of a set of triticum aestivum-aegilops tauschii introgression lines. | new wheat introgression lines were obtained which contain different segments of individual chromosomes of aegilops tauschii in the triticum aestivum cv. 'chinese spring' background. the introgression lines were developed to examine various subsets of alleles from the wild grass in the genetic background of common wheat. as starting point substitution lines of 'chinese spring' in which single chromosomes of the d genome had been replaced by homologous chromosomes of a synthetic wheat were used. s ... | 2001 | 12152326 |
| molecular genetic maps of the group 6 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.). | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) maps of chromosomes 6a, 6b, and 6d of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) have been produced. they were constructed using a population of f7-8 recombinant inbred lines derived from a synthetic wheat x bread wheat cross. the maps consist of 74 markers assigned to map positions at a lod >= 3 (29 markers assigned to 6a, 24 to 6b, and 21 to 6d) and 2 markers assigned to 6d ordered at a lod of 2.7. another 78 markers were assigned to inter ... | 1996 | 18469899 |
| evaluation of risk assessment of new industrial pollutant, ionic liquids on environmental living systems. | ionic liquids (ils) are much known for their promising alternative for volatile solvents in industries and gained popularity as a greener solvent, however industrial effluent discharge containing ils are also increasing. there is a scarcity of information on the toxicity of ils; the present study will explore different facts about their harmfulness. the toxic effects of five different ils: [c4mim]br, [hx3pc14]n(cn)2, [c10mim]bf4, [btda]cl and [c4mpy]cl were analysed on bacteria, fungi, plant and ... | 2017 | 28865373 |
| a modified tilling approach to detect induced mutations in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. | wheat (triticum ssp.) is an important food source for humans in many regions around the world. however, the ability to understand and modify gene function for crop improvement is hindered by the lack of available genomic resources. tilling is a powerful reverse genetics approach that combines chemical mutagenesis with a high-throughput screen for mutations. wheat is specially well-suited for tilling due to the high mutation densities tolerated by polyploids, which allow for very efficient screen ... | 2009 | 19712486 |