| real-time pcr detection of the thermostable direct hemolysin and thermolabile hemolysin genes in a vibrio parahaemolyticus cultured from mussels and mussel homogenate associated with a foodborne outbreak. | molecular methods have become vital epidemiological tools in the detection and characterization of bacteria associated with a foodborne outbreak. we used both culture and real-time pcr to detect a vibrio parahaemolyticus isolate associated with a foodborne outbreak. the outbreak occurred in july 2002 in polk county, florida, and originated at a chinese buffet, with one person being hospitalized. the hospital isolated v. parahaemolyticus from the patient but destroyed the sample after diagnosis. ... | 2004 | 15151240 |
| growth kinetics of vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 under varying conditions of ph, nacl concentration and temperature. | the growth responses of vibrio parahamolyticus to ph, nacl concentration and temperature changes were studied using serotype o3:k6 and other strains. growth curves were obtained for 27 different sets of conditions, comprised of three levels of nacl concentration, ph and temperature. the temperature, ph and nacl concentrations most favorable for growth were in the order of 25 degrees c, 20 degrees c and 15 degrees c, ph 8, 7 and 5.8, and 1%, 3% and 7%, respectively. the bacteria grew most rapidly ... | 2004 | 15168559 |
| dual flagellar systems enable motility under different circumstances. | flagella are extremely effective organelles of locomotion used by a variety of bacteria and archaea. some bacteria, including aeromonas, azospirillum, rhodospirillum, and vibrio species, possess dual flagellar systems that are suited for movement under different circumstances. swimming in liquid is promoted by a single polar flagellum. swarming over surfaces or in viscous environments is enabled by the production of numerous peritrichous, or lateral, flagella. the polar flagellum is produced con ... | 2004 | 15170400 |
| reciprocal regulation of bioluminescence and type iii protein secretion in vibrio harveyi and vibrio parahaemolyticus in response to diffusible chemical signals. | | 2004 | 15175279 |
| quorum sensing regulates type iii secretion in vibrio harveyi and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | in a process known as quorum sensing, bacteria communicate with one another by producing, releasing, detecting, and responding to signal molecules called autoinducers. vibrio harveyi, a marine pathogen, uses two parallel quorum-sensing circuits, each consisting of an autoinducer-sensor pair, to control the expression of genes required for bioluminescence and a number of other target genes. genetic screens designed to discover autoinducer-regulated targets in v. harveyi have revealed genes encodi ... | 2004 | 15175293 |
| cross-regulation in vibrio parahaemolyticus: compensatory activation of polar flagellar genes by the lateral flagellar regulator lafk. | gene organization and hierarchical regulation of the polar flagellar genes of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa appear highly similar, with one puzzling difference. two sigma(54)-dependent regulators are required to direct different classes of intermediate flagellar gene expression in v. cholerae and p. aeruginosa, whereas the v. parahaemolyticus homolog of one of these regulators, flak, appears dispensable. here we demonstrate that there is compensatory activa ... | 2004 | 15175315 |
| [characteristics of virulence gene in vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from clinical patients and environment in hangzhou, china]. | to investigate the characteristics of virulence gene in vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from clinical patients and environment in hangzhou, china. | 2004 | 15182493 |
| improvement in the detection rate of diarrhoeagenic bacteria in human stool specimens by a rapid real-time pcr assay. | a rapid laboratory system has been developed and evaluated that can simultaneously identify major diarrhoeagenic bacteria, including salmonella enterica, vibrio parahaemolyticus, campylobacter jejuni and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, in stool specimens by real-time pcr. specific identification was achieved by using selective taqman probes, detecting two targets in each pathogen. a positive result was scored only when both targets of a pathogen were amplified and the difference between ... | 2004 | 15184531 |
| comparison of sensitivity analysis methods based on applications to a food safety risk assessment model. | sensitivity analysis (sa) methods are a valuable tool for identifying critical control points (ccps), which is one of the important steps in the hazard analysis and ccp approach that is used to ensure safe food. there are many sa methods used across various disciplines. furthermore, food safety process risk models pose challenges because they often are highly nonlinear, contain thresholds, and have discrete inputs. therefore, it is useful to compare and evaluate sa methods based upon application ... | 2004 | 15209931 |
| effects of heat, acid, and freeze-thaw challenges on survival of starved vibrio parahaemolyticus in minimal salt medium, tryptic soy broth, and filtered oyster homogenate medium. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a ubiquitous gram-negative enteropathogenic bacterium. to evaluate the risk of stress-adapted v. parahaemolyticus cells in food, we investigated the survivability of starvation-adapted and starvation-low salinity-adapted cells of this pathogen in different media against different stresses. logarithmically grown bacterial cells were starved at 25 degrees c in a minimal salt medium with 0.5 or 3.0% nacl for 24 h. resistances against challenges of heat, acid, and freeze-t ... | 2004 | 15222558 |
| characterization of a lysyl aminopeptidase activity associated with phosphoglucose isomerase of vibrio vulnificus. | phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and, in mammalian cells, functions as neuroleukin, autocrine motility factor (amf), and differentiation and maturation factor (mf). we isolated and characterized pgi with a novel lysyl aminopeptidase (lysap) activity (pgi-lysap) from vibrio vulnificus. mass spectrometry revealed that pgi-lysap is a heterodimer consisting of 23.4- and 60.8-kda subunits. only the heterodimer displayed lysap activi ... | 2004 | 15262231 |
| effects of acid stress on vibrio parahaemolyticus survival and cytotoxicity. | for several foodborne bacterial pathogens, an acid tolerance response appears to be an important strategy for counteracting acid stress imposed either during food processing or by the human host. the acid tolerance response enhances bacterial survival of lethal acid challenge following prior exposure to sublethal acidic conditions. previous studies have revealed relationships between a foodborne pathogen's ability to survive acid challenge and its infectious dose. vibrio parahaemolyticus is capa ... | 2004 | 15270482 |
| effect of ammonia on the immune response of taiwan abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to vibrio parahaemolyticus. | taiwan abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta held in 30 parts/per thousand seawater and 26 degrees c were injected with tsb-grown vibrio parahaemolyticus (1.6 x 10(5)cfu abalone(-1)), and then placed in water containing different concentrations of ammonia-n (un-ionized plus ionized ammonia) at 0.01 mg l(-1) (control), 1.12, 3.22, 5.24 and 10.18 mg l(-1). mortality of abalone increased directly with ambient ammonia-n concentration. after 12 h, the mortality of v. parahaemolyticus-injected abal ... | 2004 | 15276599 |
| change in water temperature on the immune response of taiwan abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to vibrio parahaemolyticus. | taiwan abalones, haliotis diversicolor supertexta, held in 30 parts/per thousand seawater at 28 degrees c, were injected with tsb-grown vibrio parahaemolyticus (1.6x10(5) cfu abalone(-1)) and then transferred to 20, 24, 28 and 32 degrees c. all abalones transferred to 32 degrees c died by 72 h. the mortality of v. parahaemolyticus-injected abalone held at 20 and 24 degrees c was significantly lower over 24-96 h, compared to animals held at 28 and 32 degrees c. in a separate experiment designed t ... | 2004 | 15276603 |
| application of oligonucleotide array technology for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria of foodborne infections. | a rapid and accurate method for detection for common pathogenic bacteria in foodborne infections was established by using oligonucleotide array technology. nylon membrane was used as the array support. a mutation region of the 23s rrna gene was selected as the discrimination target from 14 species (genera) of bacteria causing foodborne infections and two unrelated bacterial species. a pair of universal primers was designed for pcr amplification of the 23s rrna gene. twenty-one species (genera)-s ... | 2004 | 15279944 |
| antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the essential oil of curcuma zedoaria. | the chemical compositions of the essential oil of curcuma zedoaria (berg.) rosc. were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and showed a high content of epicurzerenone and curdione representing 46.6% and 13.7% of the total oil, respectively. the essential oil was evaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, pseudomonasa aeruginosa, vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella typhimurium and bacillus cereus. v. parahaemolyticus was sen ... | 2004 | 15315265 |
| chronic diarrhea and weight loss due to vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in a renal transplant recipient. | | 2004 | 15316385 |
| elasticity of flagellar hooks. | | 2004 | 15332658 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of groel-like protein gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important enteropathogen in regions where much seafood is consumed. substantial quantity of groel-like protein is produced during the heat shock of v. parahaemolyticus and located in periplasmic and extracellular fractions. in this study, the groel-like protein gene of this pathogen was cloned and sequenced and its properties were analyzed. the open reading frame consisted of 1647 bp, encoded a 57.6-kda groel-like protein of 548 amino acids. the amino acid sequence, ... | 2004 | 15340646 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. harveyi cause detachment of the epithelium from the midgut trunk of the penaeid shrimp sicyonia ingentis. | shrimp sicyonia ingentis were either injected with vibrio parahaemolyticus (10(4) cfu) or v. harveyi (10(6) cfu) or immersed in asw containing either species at 10(5) cfu ml(-1). these densities were shown in preliminary experiments to kill approximately half the population by 7 d. on day 7, surviving shrimp were classified as either diseased or apparently healthy, and their midgut trunks (mgt) were examined by light and electron microscopy. all shrimp immersed in asw containing either species o ... | 2004 | 15352521 |
| the viable but nonculturable state of kanagawa positive and negative strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | ingestion of shellfish-associated vibrio parahaemolyticus is the primary cause of potentially severe gastroenteritis in many countries. however, only kanagawa phenomenon (hemolysin) positive (kp+) strains of v. parahaemolyticus are isolated from patients, whereas >99% of strains isolated from the environment do not produce this hemolysin (i.e. are kp-). the reasons for these differences are not known. following a temperature downshift, vibrio parahaemolyticus enters the viable but nonculturable ... | 2004 | 15357298 |
| vibrio spp. and salmonella spp., presence and susceptibility in crabs ucides cordatus. | the presence of vibrio spp. and salmonella spp. in crabs marketed at the bezerra de menezes ave., fortaleza, state of ceará, brazil, was assessed between february and may, 2003. the number of individuals sampled in each one of the fifteen weekly samplings ranged between four and eight. seven strains of salmonella, from four different samplings, were identified, being five of them identified as serotype s. senftenberg and two as s. poona. all strains of salmonella were sensitive to the tested ant ... | 2004 | 15361967 |
| rapid and specific detection of tdh, trh1, and trh2 mrna of vibrio parahaemolyticus by transcription-reverse transcription concerted reaction with an automated system. | vibrio parahaemolyticus strains carrying the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) tdh gene, the tdh-related hemolysin (trh) gene, or both genes are considered virulent strains. we previously demonstrated that the transcription-reverse transcription concerted (trc) method could be used to quantify the amount of mrna transcribed from the tdh gene by using an automated detection system. in this study, we devised two trc-based assays to quantify the mrnas transcribed from the trh1 and trh2 genes, the ... | 2004 | 15365024 |
| [renaturation of thermolabile hemolysin inclusion bodies expressed by vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | to clone and construct expression vector pet32a+-tlh to acquire biologically functional thermolabile hemolysin of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | 2004 | 15447844 |
| inhibition of mapk signaling pathways by vopa from vibrio parahaemolyticus. | during infection, bacterial pathogens utilize a type iii secretion system to inject effectors into the cytoplasm of a target cell where they disrupt the defense system of the host cell. vibrio parahaemolyticus, a causative agent of gastroenteritis endemic in southeast asia, has a type iii secretion system that encodes a novel member of the yopj-like protein effector family, vopa (vibrio outer protein a). our studies revealed that vibrio vopa encodes an evolutionarily conserved activity that is e ... | 2004 | 15459200 |
| pcr method based on the ogdh gene for the detection of salmonella spp. from chicken meat samples. | in a previous paper, the ogdh gene that encodes 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase was isolated from salmonella typhimurium. the catalytic n-terminal region in the enzyme was found to be very specific for the salmonella species. therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect s. typhimurium in food sources using primers designed for ogdh-1 and ogdh-2 which were based on the salmonella-specific region of the ogdh gene. a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection method was developed to det ... | 2004 | 15459651 |
| effect of nitrite on immune response of taiwan abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to vibrio parahaemolyticus. | taiwan abalones haliotis diversicolor supertexta held in 30% per thousand seawater and 26 degrees c were injected with tryptic soy broth (tsb)-grown vibrioparahaemolyticus (1.6 x 10(5) cfu [colony-forming units] abalone(-1)), and then placed in water containing different concentrations of nitrite-n (nitrite as nitrogen): 0.01 mg l(-1) (control), 1.05, 3.04, 5.10 and 10.06 mg l(-1). mortality of the abalones increased in direct parallel to ambient nitrite-n concentration. over 12 to 48 h, the mor ... | 2004 | 15460860 |
| characterization of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical sources in spain and comparison with asian and north american pandemic isolates. | in spite of the potential risk involved with contamination of seafood with vibrio parahaemolyticus, there is a lack of information on the occurrence of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus in europe. this organism was isolated in 1999 from a large outbreak (64 cases admitted to a single hospital) associated with raw oyster consumption in galicia, spain, one of the most important regions in shellfish production worldwide. two v. parahaemolyticus isolates from the 1999 galicia outbreak, three additional ... | 2004 | 15472326 |
| responses of fish chromatophore-based cytosensor to a broad range of biological agents. | a cytosensor based on living chromatophores from betta splendens siamese fighting fish was used to test several classes of biologically active agents. tested agents include neurotransmitters, adenyl cyclase activators, cytoskeleton effectors, cell membrane effectors and protein synthesis inhibitors. characteristic cell responses were analyzed, and potential cytosensor applications were considered. streptococcus pyogenes toxins streptolysin s and streptolysin o, clostridium tetani tetanolysin, st ... | 2004 | 15478182 |
| [pathogenicity and genome of vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | | 2004 | 15484810 |
| [bioinformatic analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticus thermolabile hemolysin gene]. | to carry out bioinformatic analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticus thermolabile hemolysin gene (tlh) obtained by pcr amplification. | 2004 | 15485788 |
| single channel evidence for innate pore-formation by vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) in phospholipid bilayers. | vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) is widely considered to be a pore-forming toxin. the protein has no significant homology to other known pore-forming toxins and its mechanism of action in vivo remains undefined. we demonstrate single channel pore-forming activity of v. parahaemolyticus tdh in planar lipid bilayers. channel conductance ranged between 30-450 ps in 0.5 m kcl with a calculated cation selectivity (p(k)/p(cl)) of 2.7. channels were formed in nacl and cholin ... | 2004 | 15500983 |
| functional characterization of two type iii secretion systems of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, a gram-negative marine bacterium, is a worldwide cause of food-borne gastroenteritis. recent genome sequencing of the clinical v. parahaemolyticus strain rimd2210633 identified two sets of genes for the type iii secretion system (ttss), ttss1 and ttss2. here, we constructed a series of mutant strains from rimd2210633 to determine whether the two putative ttss apparatus are functional. the cytotoxic activity of mutant strains having a deletion in one of the ttss1 genes wa ... | 2004 | 15501799 |
| pcr-based identification of pandemic group vibrio parahaemolyticus with a novel group-specific primer pair. | a pcr-based assay to identify pandemic group vibrio parahaemolyticus has been developed. the assay employs an oligonucleotide primer pair derived from the group-specific sequence of an arbitrarily primed-pcr fragment, which is located in the genome encoding a "hypothetical protein," approximately 80% homologous to the mn2+ and fe2+ transporter of the nramp family of v. vulnificus. the assay distinguished the pandemic group from other v. parahaemolyticus strains by yielding a 235-bp specific ampl ... | 2004 | 15502414 |
| effect of intertidal exposure on vibrio parahaemolyticus levels in pacific northwest oysters. | interest in vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) increased in the united states following vp-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks in 1997 and 1998 involving the west coast and other areas. the present study evaluated multiple aspects of vp ecology in the pacific northwest with three objectives: (i) to determine the effect of low-tide exposure on vp levels in oysters, (ii) to determine the relationship between total and pathogenic vp, and (iii) to examine sediments and aquatic fauna as reservoirs for pat ... | 2004 | 15508627 |
| response of heat-shocked vibrio parahaemolyticus to subsequent physical and chemical stresses. | vibrio parahaemolyticus foodborne strains 405, 556, and 690 and a v. parahaemolyticus chopping board isolate were heat shocked at 42 degrees c for 15, 30, or 45 min. heat shock, regardless of heating periods tested, caused an increased demand for nacl during recovery from heat injury. further study with strain 690 and the chopping board isolate also revealed that heat shock generally increased the survival of the test organism during subsequent exposure to 47 degrees c, 20 ppm h202, and 8% ethan ... | 2004 | 15508628 |
| serologic and molecular characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seawater and fish products of the gulf of mexico. | the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) are the main virulence factors of vibrio parahaemolyticus. we isolated v. parahaemolyticus from seawater, fish, and oysters obtained from the pueblo viejo lagoon in veracruz, determined the serogroups, phenotypically and genotypically characterized tdh and trh, and investigated the presence of the toxr gene. a total of 46 v. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated, and all of them amplified the 368-bp toxr gene fragment. the ... | 2004 | 15528498 |
| comparative genomics of the kdgr regulon in erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 and other gamma-proteobacteria. | in the plant-pathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi, almost all known genes involved in pectin catabolism are controlled by the transcriptional regulator kdgr. in this study, the comparative genomics approach was used to analyse the kdgr regulon in completely sequenced genomes of eight enterobacteria, including erw. chrysanthemi, and two vibrio species. application of a signal recognition procedure complemented by operon structure and protein sequence analysis allowed identification of ... | 2004 | 15528647 |
| generation of active fragments from human zymogens in the bradykinin-generating cascade by extracellular proteases from vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing septicemia, and the infection is characterized by formation of the edematous skin lesions on limbs. this pathogenic species secretes a thermolysin-like metalloprotease as a virulence determinant. the metalloprotease was confirmed to activate human factor xii-plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade that results in liberation of bradykinin, a chemical mediator enhancing the vascular permeability, from high-molecular weight kininogen. namely, the ... | 2004 | 15530971 |
| real-time pcr quantification of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters using an alternative matrix. | this study examined the relationship between levels of total vibrio parahaemolyticus found in oyster tissues and mantle fluid with the goal of using mantle fluid as a template matrix in a new quantitative real-time pcr assay targeting the thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) gene for the enumeration of total v. parahaemolyticus in oysters. oysters were collected near mobile bay, ala., in june, july, and september and tested immediately after collection and storage at 26 degrees c for 24 h. initial exper ... | 2004 | 15553623 |
| biochemical and virulence characterization of viable but nonculturable cells of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common foodborne pathogen frequently causing outbreaks in summer. maintenance of virulence by the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state of this pathogen would allow its threat to human health to persist. this study reports on the change in virulence and concomitant changes in activity of two enzymes and fatty acid profiles when v. parahaemolyticus st550 entered the vbnc state in the modified morita mineral salt-0.5% nacl medium incubated at 4 degrees c. the major cha ... | 2004 | 15553624 |
| proteomic analysis of salt-sensitive outer membrane proteins of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, a universal marine pathogen with available genome sequences, could be used as a bacterial model to clarify the various physiological phenomena of its native and host environments. in the present study, proteomic methodologies were applied to investigate the expression pattern of outer membrane proteins (omps) of v. parahaemolyticus at different nacl concentrations. ompw, ompv, elongation factor tu and polar flagellin were determined to be osmoregulation-sensitive omps, a ... | 2004 | 15567278 |
| detection of pathogenic vibrio spp. in shellfish by using multiplex pcr and dna microarrays. | this study describes the development of a gene-specific dna microarray coupled with multiplex pcr for the comprehensive detection of pathogenic vibrios that are natural inhabitants of warm coastal waters and shellfish. multiplex pcr with vvh and viub for vibrio vulnificus, with ompu, toxr, tcpi, and hlya for v. cholerae, and with tlh, tdh, trh, and open reading frame 8 for v. parahaemolyticus helped to ensure that total and pathogenic strains, including subtypes of the three vibrio spp., could b ... | 2004 | 15574946 |
| antibacterial activity of plants used in cooking for aroma and taste. | thirty-three plants used in cooking for aroma and taste were examined for antibacterial activity against pathogens causing foodborne infections. vibrio parahaemolyticus and staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to many kinds of plant extracts, whereas listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, and salmonella enteritidis populations decreased in only six, one, and three plant extracts, respectively. the polyphenol content in the plants was significantly different between the antibacterial p ... | 2004 | 15633695 |
| pandemic strains of o3:k6 vibrio parahaemolyticus in the aquatic environment of bangladesh. | a total of 1500 environmental strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus, isolated from the aquatic environment of bangladesh, were screened for the presence of a major v. parahaemolyticus virulence factor, the thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) gene, by the colony blot hybridization method using a digoxigenin-labeled tdh gene probe. of 1500 strains, 5 carried the tdh sequence, which was further confirmed by pcr using primers specific for the tdh gene. examination by pcr confirmed that the 5 strains w ... | 2004 | 15644897 |
| occurrence, characterisation and detection of potential virulence determinants of emerging aquatic bacterial pathogens from the philippines and thailand. | strains of aeromonas spp., 'non-cholera vibrios' (ncvs) and plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from aquatic environments, fish and human diarrhoeal cases in the philippines and thailand were characterised for potential virulence markers. thus, the production of cytotoxin, cell-associated and cell-free haemolysin and their capacity to adhere to human intestinal (henle 407) cells in vitro was investigated. in addition, the occurrence of tlh and tdh haemolysin genes and urease activity among v. para ... | 2004 | 15646053 |
| [type iii secretion systems and bacterial pathogenicity]. | | 2005 | 15651414 |
| genetic determinants of biofilm development of opaque and translucent vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates display variation in colony morphology, alternating between opaque (op) and translucent (tr) cell types. phase variation is the consequence of genetic alterations in the locus encoding the quorum sensing output regulator opar. here, we show that both cell types form stable, but distinguishable biofilms that differ with respect to attachment and detachment profiles to polystyrene, pellicle formation and stability at the air/medium interface, and submerged biofilm ... | 2005 | 15686562 |
| a collagenase-targeted multiplex pcr assay for identification of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | a multiplex pcr assay using three collagenase-targeted primer pairs for the species-specific detection of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahaemolyticus was developed. the results highlight the species specificity of the three primer sets designed. because of the increasing importance of vibrio spp. in human foodborne diseases, molecular approaches for routine microbial screening and monitoring of clinical, environmental, and food samples also have become more important. the ... | 2005 | 15690817 |
| hydrophobicity, cell adherence, cytotoxicity, and enterotoxigenicity of starved vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a ubiquitous gram-negative enteropathogenic bacterium that may encounter starvation or other environmental stresses during food processing or human infection. pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus st550 cultures starved in modified morita mineral salt solution with 3 or 0.5% nacl exhibited similar resistance against challenges of environmental stresses. changes in virulence of the starved v. parahaemolyticus was determined using hep-2 cell culture and suckling mouse assay. th ... | 2005 | 15690818 |
| complete genome sequence of vibrio fischeri: a symbiotic bacterium with pathogenic congeners. | vibrio fischeri belongs to the vibrionaceae, a large family of marine gamma-proteobacteria that includes several dozen species known to engage in a diversity of beneficial or pathogenic interactions with animal tissue. among the small number of pathogenic vibrio species that cause human diseases are vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus, the only members of the vibrionaceae that have had their genome sequences reported. nonpathogenic members of the genus vibrio, includi ... | 2005 | 15703294 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus diarrhea, chile, 1998 and 2004. | analysis of clinical isolates of vibrio parahaemolyticus from outbreaks in chile in the cities of puerto montt in 2004 and antofagasta in 1998 indicated that 23 of 24 isolates from puerto montt and 19 of 20 from antofagasta belonged to the pandemic clonal complex that emerged in southeast asia in 1996. | 2005 | 15705337 |
| the informational approach to the structure-function relationship in biological macromolecules. | | 2004 | 15714941 |
| characterization of new o3:k6 strains and phylogenetically related strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in taiwan and other countries. | we analysed the genetic divergence in the pandemic new o3:k6 and phylogenetically related (new o3:k6-like) strains and compare these two groups in terms of virulence and other biological traits. | 2005 | 15715859 |
| identification of essential amino acid residues of the norm na+/multidrug antiporter in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | norm is a member of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (mate) family and functions as a na+/multidrug antiporter in vibrio parahaemolyticus, although the underlying mechanism of the na+/multidrug antiport is unknown. acidic amino acid residues asp32, glu251, and asp367 in the transmembrane region of norm are conserved in one of the clusters of the mate family. in this study, we investigated the role(s) of acidic amino acid residues asp32, glu251, and asp367 in the transmembrane region of ... | 2005 | 15716425 |
| the promoter region rather than its downstream inverted repeat sequence is responsible for low-level transcription of the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | we determined the transcriptional start site of the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin gene (trh) of vibrio parahaemolyticus by using a pcr-based method and identified the promoter. mutagenic analysis indicated that the promoter-bearing region rather than its downstream inverted repeat sequence was responsible for the low-revel of trh transcription. | 2005 | 15716457 |
| comparison of kinetic models to describe high pressure and gamma irradiation used to inactivate vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus prepared in buffer solution and in whole oysters. | comparisons of different models in inactivation kinetics were conducted on data obtained from high-pressure and gamma-irradiation processing. vibrio vulnificus (mo-624) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (o3:k6 tx-2103) suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (ph 7.4, 10(7) cfu/ml) were exposed to pressures from 207 to 379 mpa for 1 to 20 min. inoculated whole oysters (106 cfu/g) were exposed to pressure from 276 to 379 mpa for 1 to 15 min. pure cultures and inoculated oysters (10(6) cfu/g) also were ir ... | 2005 | 15726971 |
| [foodborne disease outbreaks in china from 1992 to 2001 national foodborne disease surveillance system]. | to study the foodborne disease outbreaks in the areas covered by national foodborne disease surveillance system. | 2004 | 15727189 |
| genomic characterization of non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae reveals genes for a type iii secretion system. | non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae can cause gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections, but, unlike o1 and o139 strains of v. cholerae, little is known about the virulence gene content of non-o1, non-o139 strains and their phylogenetic relationship to other pathogenic v. cholerae. comparative genomic microarray analysis of four pathogenic non-o1, non-o139 strains indicates that these strains are quite divergent from o1 and o139 strains. genomic sequence analysis of a non-o1, non-o139 strain ( ... | 2005 | 15728357 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus disruption of epithelial cell tight junctions occurs independently of toxin production. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. virulence is commonly associated with the production of two toxins, thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh). although the majority of clinical isolates produce tdh and/or trh, clinical samples lacking toxin genes have been identified. in the present study, we investigated the effects of v. parahaemolyticus on transepithelial resistance (ter) and paracellular permeability in caco-2 c ... | 2005 | 15731024 |
| 'in vivo' studies on the pathophysiological mechanism of vibrio parahaemolyticus tdh(+)-induced secretion. | the thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) is considered to be the major virulence factors of vibrio parahaemolyticus; however, poor information is available about its mechanism of action. in our study we examined the capacity of two v. parahaemolyticus tdh-producers (strains 2067 and 3305) to induce fluid secretion in rat ileal loop and to reveal the role of calcium ions (ca(2+)), calmodulin (cam), and protein kinase c (pkc) in v. parahaemolyticus tdh(+)-induced fluid secretion. the results show ... | 2005 | 15748815 |
| mrna detection by reverse transcription-pcr for monitoring viability and potential virulence in a pathogenic strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus in viable but nonculturable state. | this work investigates the maintenance of viability and potential virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in a viable but nonculturable population (vbnc) state by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | 2005 | 15752342 |
| haemolysins in vibrio species. | | 2005 | 15836469 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus chromosomal qnr homologue vpa0095: demonstration by transformation with a mutated gene of its potential to reduce quinolone susceptibility in escherichia coli. | | 2005 | 15855551 |
| [research on detection of vibrio comma and vibro parahaemolyticus from foodstuffs using mpcr methods]. | to establish a set of multi-pcr (mpcr) methods to detect vibrio comma o1 serogroup (evc) and o139 serogroup, and vibrio parahaemolyticus rapidly and sensitively from foodstuffs. | 2005 | 15862042 |
| antibacterial potential from indian suregada angustifolia. | phytochemical analysis of the leaves from indian suregada angustifolia (baill. ex muell. arg.) airy shaw (euphorbiaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of six known compounds, viz. friedelin, epi-friedelinol, n-octacosanol, alpha-amyrin, beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol-3-beta-d-glucopyranoside. aqueous (room temperature, boiled and autoclaved) and various solvent (methanol, chloroform and hexane) extracts of leaves were tested against 12 human pathogenic bacteria by the agar we ... | 2005 | 15878247 |
| the vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic. | | 2005 | 15891792 |
| [review and guidelines for treatment of diarrhea caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | in chile vibrio parahaemolyticus has been detected in 3 gastroenteritis outbreaks since 1998. the most recent outbreak occurred during the summer of 2005, affecting over 10,000 people of whom one died. affected individuals presented with one or more of the following symptoms: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and/or fever. fecal white blood cells were detected in only 6% of patients. the predominant serotype in the 3 outbreaks was the pandemic o3:k6 strain. diagnosis was confirmed by is ... | 2005 | 15891793 |
| development of a quantitative real-time pcr method for estimation of the total number of vibrio parahaemolyticus in contaminated shellfish and seawater. | a real-time pcr method targeting the toxr gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus was developed to quantify the number of v. parahaemolyticus cells, including those of both the hemolysin-producing and nonproducing strains. the specificity of the primer and probe set was confirmed using 25 strains of v. parahaemolyticus and 30 strains of other microbial species. we determined the threshold cycle number using the real-time pcr and the number of v. parahaemolyticus cells by plate count using serially dilut ... | 2005 | 15895747 |
| polymorphism and gene conversion of the 16s rrna genes in the multiple rrna operons of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the genome sequence of a strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus holds 11 copies of rrna operons (rrn) with identical 16s rrna genes (rrs). conversely, the species type strain contains two rrs classes differing in 10 nucleotide sites within a short segment of 25 bp. furthermore, we show here that the sequence of this particular segment largely differs between some strains of this species. we also show that of the eleven rrn operons in the species type strain, seven contain one rrs class and four the o ... | 2005 | 15899408 |
| evaluation of the susceptibility of the cultured shrimp litopenaeus vannamei to vibriosis when orally exposed to the insecticide methyl parathion. | the causes of disease in cultured shrimp are difficult to ascertain but there is evidence that disease is correlated with environmental factors. crustaceans are particularly sensitive to insecticides due to their close phylogenetic relationship with insects. the objective of this study was to investigate whether there was an increased susceptibility of the shrimp litopenaeus vannamei to vibrio parahaemolyticus, when exposed to methyl parathion. the outline of the study was the following: an lc50 ... | 2005 | 15910911 |
| flow cytometric evaluation of vibrio parahaemolyticus adhesion inhibition to human epithelial cells. | the present report demonstrates the usefulness of flow cytometry for a quantitative assessment of adhesion inhibition of a vibrio parahaemolyticus strain to human epithelial cells to acquire more information about the nature of its adhesins. | 2005 | 15924304 |
| pandemic serovars (o3:k6 and o4:k68) of vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with diarrhea in mozambique: spread of the pandemic into the african continent. | forty-two episodes of vibrio parahaemolyticus infections were detected in beira, mozambique, from january to may 2004. the majority of the isolates (81%) belonged to the pandemic serovars (o3:k6 and o4:k68) of v. parahaemolyticus. the pandemic serovars were positive by group-specific pcr (gs-pcr) and a pcr specific for open reading frame orf8 (orf8-pcr), which are molecular markers of the pandemic clone, and were positive for tdh but negative for trh. the remaining 19% of the strains also posses ... | 2005 | 15956363 |
| fatty acid composition, cell morphology and responses to challenge by organic acid and sodium chloride of heat-shocked vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus 690, a clinical strain, was subjected to heat shock at 42 degrees c for 45 min. the fatty acid profile and recovery of the heat-shocked cells of v. parahaemolyticus on tsa-3.0% nacl, aps agar (alkaline peptone salt broth supplemented with 1.5% agar) and tcbs (thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar) were compared with those of the nonheat-shocked cells. furthermore, the morphology of v. parahaemolyticus and survival in the presence of various organic acids (25 mm acet ... | 2005 | 15982770 |
| bacterial food-borne illness outbreaks in northern taiwan, 1995-2001. | how to reduce the occurrence of food-borne illness has always been one issue of great importance in taiwan's disease prevention and control efforts, and it is important to determine, from survey results, whether the pathogens in taiwan are the same or different from those in other countries. accordingly, data on 1171 food-borne illness outbreaks were collected from the center for disease control (cdc) of the department of health in taiwan. the patients and the cases were numbered according to th ... | 2005 | 15990979 |
| epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of foodborne vibrio parahaemolyticus infections. | since its discovery about 50 years ago, vibrio parahaemolyticus has been implicated as a major cause of foodborne illness around the globe. v. parahaemolyticus is a natural inhabitant of marine waters. human infections are most commonly associated with the consumption of raw, undercooked or contaminated shellfish. a few individual v. parahaemolyticus virulence factors, including the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh), have been investigated in depth, yet a compre ... | 2004 | 15992266 |
| the occurrence of vibrio species in tropical shrimp culture environments; implications for food safety. | the occurrence of various vibrio species in water, sediment and shrimp samples from multiple shrimp farm environments from the east and west coast of india was studied. the relative abundance was higher in west coast farms (ca. 10(4) cfu/ml water) when compared to the east coast (ca. 10(2) cfu/ml water). vibrio alginolyticus (3-19%), v. parahaemolyticus (2-13%), v. harveyi (1-7%) and v. vulnificus (1-4%) were the predominant vibrio species identified by standard biochemical testing. in some case ... | 2005 | 15992615 |
| identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic group-specific dna sequence by genomic subtraction. | a genomic subtraction between a pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus and a nonpandemic strain that seemed to be clonally related was performed. a subtractive dna fragment was identified to be a part of a 16-kbp insertion sequence which was present in almost all pandemic strains but not in nonpandemic strains tested. | 2005 | 16000499 |
| development of a simple and rapid fluorogenic procedure for identification of vibrionaceae family members. | we describe a simple colony overlay procedure for peptidases (copp) for the rapid fluorogenic detection and quantification of vibrionaceae from seawater, shellfish, sewage, and clinical samples. the assay detects phosphoglucose isomerase with a lysyl aminopeptidase activity that is produced by vibrionaceae family members. overnight cultures are overlaid for 10 min with membranes containing a synthetic substrate, and the membranes are examined for fluorescent foci under uv illumination. fluoresce ... | 2005 | 16000757 |
| seasonal variation in abundance of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria in oysters along the southwest coast of india. | the seasonal abundance of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters from two estuaries along the southwest coast of india was studied by colony hybridization using nonradioactive labeled oligonucleotide probes. the density of total v. parahaemolyticus bacteria was determined using a probe binding to the tlh (thermolabile hemolysin) gene, and the density of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus bacteria was determined by using a probe binding to the tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) gene. furthermore, the pr ... | 2005 | 16000764 |
| selectivity and specificity of a chromogenic medium for detecting vibrio parahaemolyticust. | the thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (tcbs) used in the most-probable-number method for detecting vibrio parahaemolyticus cannot differentiate growth of v. parahaemolyticus from vibrio vulnificus or vibrio mimicus. this study examined the selectivity and specificity of bio-chrome vibrio medium (bcvm), a chromogenic medium that detects v. parahaemolyticus on the basis of the formation of distinct purple colonies on the medium. a panel consisting of 221 strains of bacteria, including 17 ... | 2005 | 16013386 |
| thermostable direct hemolysin of vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial reversible amyloid toxin. | thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), a major virulence factor of vibrio parahaemolyticus, is detoxified by heating at approximately 60-70 degrees c but is reactivated by additional heating above 80 degrees c. this paradoxical phenomenon, known as the arrhenius effect, has remained unexplained for approximately 100 years. we now demonstrate that the effect is related to structural changes in the protein that produce fibrils. the native tdh (tdhn) is transformed into nontoxic fibrils rich in beta- ... | 2005 | 16026154 |
| pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 spread, france. | | 2005 | 16032794 |
| molecular typing of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from the philippines by pcr-based methods. | the main aim of the present study was to use three pcr-based techniques for the analysis of genetic variability among vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from the philippines. | 2005 | 16033470 |
| investigation of seven vibrio virulence genes among vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from the coastal mariculture systems in guangdong, china. | to investigate the distribution of the virulence of two vibrio species among different strains obtained from the mariculture systems on the coast of guangdong in china and the correlation between the virulence strains and the virulence genes among vibrio alginolyticus. | 2005 | 16033522 |
| white spot syndrome virus isolates of tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (fabricious) in india are similar to exotic isolates as revealed by polymerase chain reaction and electron microscopy. | microbiological analysis of samples collected from cases of white spot disease outbreaks in cultured shrimp in different farms located in three regions along east coast of india viz. chidambram (tamil nadu), nellore (andhra pradesh) and balasore (orissa), revealed presence of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and aeromonas spp. but experimental infection trials in penaeus monodon with these isolates did not induce any acute mortality or formation of white spots on carapace. infectio ... | 2005 | 16053274 |
| microarray analysis identifies apoptosis regulatory gene expression in hct116 cells infected with thermostable direct hemolysin-deletion mutant of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) is considered as a major virulence factor of vibrio parahaemolyticus. we observed this potential in several human cancer cell lines by using the tdh-producing wild-type (rimd2210633) as well as tdh-deletion mutant of v. parahaemolyticus and found that the deletion of tdh did not affect cytotoxicity to any of the cell lines tested. dna fragmentation and annexin v staining showed that both wild-type and tdh-mutant trigger apoptosis in these cells. to underst ... | 2005 | 16061205 |
| rapid phenotypic characterization of vibrio isolates by pyrolysis metastable atom bombardment mass spectrometry. | pyrolysis mass spectrometry was investigated for rapid characterization of food-borne bacterial pathogens. nine isolates of vibrio parahaemolyticus and one isolate each of vibrio fluvialis, vibrio hollisae, and vibrio vulnificus were analyzed. pyrolysis mass spectra, generated via an alternative ionization method, metastable atom bombardment, were subject to principal component-discriminant analysis. the spectral patterns were used to distinguish vibrio isolates differing in species, serotype an ... | 2005 | 16096691 |
| white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) recombinant lysozyme has antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria: vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahemolyticus and vibrio cholerae. | c-type lysozyme has been described as an antibacterial component of the shrimp innate defence system. we determined quantitatively the antibacterial activity of white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) recombinant lysozyme against three gram negative bacteria: vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahemolyticus and vibrio cholerae, using a turbidimetric assay with live bacteria and differential bacterial viable count after interaction with the protein. in conclusion, the antibacterial activity of recombinan ... | 2006 | 16098764 |
| a novel, conserved cluster of genes promotes symbiotic colonization and sigma-dependent biofilm formation by vibrio fischeri. | vibrio fischeri is the exclusive symbiont residing in the light organ of the squid euprymna scolopes. to understand the genetic requirements for this association, we searched a library of v. fischeri transposon insertion mutants for those that failed to colonize e. scolopes. we identified four mutants that exhibited severe defects in initiating colonization. sequence analysis revealed that the strains contained insertions in four different members of a cluster of 21 genes oriented in the same di ... | 2005 | 16102015 |
| pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6, europe. | | 2005 | 16110585 |
| vpah, a gene encoding a novel histone-like nucleoid structure-like protein that was possibly horizontally acquired, regulates the biogenesis of lateral flagella in trh-positive vibrio parahaemolyticus th3996. | a histone-like nucleoid structure (h-ns) is a major component of the bacterial nucleoid and plays a crucial role in the global gene regulation of enteric bacteria. here, we cloned and characterized the gene for the h-ns-like protein vpah in vibrio parahaemolyticus. vpah encodes a protein of 134 amino acids that shows approximately 55%, 54%, and 41% identities with vich in vibrio cholerae, h-ns in v. parahaemolyticus, and h-ns in escherichia coli, respectively. the vpah gene was found in only trh ... | 2005 | 16113292 |
| physiological roles of three na+/h+ antiporters in the halophilic bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus mutants lacking three na+/h+ antiporters (nhaa, nhab, nhad) were constructed. the deltanhaa strains showed significantly higher sensitivity to licl regarding their growth compared to the parental strain. the deltanhaa and deltanhab strains exhibited higher sensitivities to licl. the mutant xacabd lacking all of the three antiporters could not grow in the presence of 500 mm licl at ph 7.0, or 50 mm at ph 8.5. the xacabd mutant was also sensitive to 1.0 m nacl at ph 8.5. th ... | 2005 | 16113500 |
| an estuarine neritid gastropod, clithon corona, a potential reservoir of thermostable direct hemolysin-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus. | an estuarine neritid gastropod, clithon corona, maintained in uv-irradiated recirculating artificial seawater with a salinity of 15 per mil (%o) was found to retain thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus in the gut at significantly higher levels than tdh-non-producing one for at least 14 days. another estuarine neritid gastropod, c. sowerbianus, was not able to support the preferential survival of tdh-producing organisms. this evidence suggests that, if tdh-produci ... | 2005 | 16141674 |
| a persistent, productive, and seasonally dynamic vibriophage population within pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas). | in an effort to understand the relationship between vibrio and vibriophage populations, abundances of vibrio spp. and viruses infecting vibrio parahaemolyticus (vpvs) were monitored for a year in pacific oysters and water collected from ladysmith harbor, british columbia, canada. bacterial abundances were highly seasonal, whereas high titers of vpvs (0.5 x 10(4) to 11 x 10(4) viruses cm(-3)) occurred year round in oysters, even when v. parahaemolyticus was undetectable (< 3 cells cm(-3)). viruse ... | 2005 | 16151121 |
| a novel bacteriocin-like substance (blis) from a pathogenic strain of vibrio harveyi. | inter-strain and inter-species inhibition mediated by a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (blis) from a pathogenic vibrio harveyi strain vib 571 was demonstrated against four isolates of the same species, and one culture each of a vibrio sp., vibrio fischeri, vibrio gazogenes and vibrio parahaemolyticus. the crude blis, which was obtained by ammonium-sulphate precipitation of the cell-free supernatant of a 72 h broth culture of strain vib 571, was inactivated by lipase, proteinase k, pepsin, ... | 2005 | 16151215 |
| evaluation of toxicity of capsaicin and zosteric acid and their potential application as antifoulants. | the toxicity of two natural product antifoulants, capsaicin and zosteric acid, was evaluated using the microtox assay and a static toxicity test. the ec50 values obtained from the microtox assay for capsaicin and zosteric acid were 11.75 +/- 1.02 and 442 +/- 100 mg/l, respectively. the static toxicity test, conducted with freshwater organisms, yielded capsaicin ec50 values of 5.5 +/- 0.5 and 23 +/- 2.0 mg/l for p. putida and lake erie bacteria, respectively. zosteric acid ec50 values were 167 +/ ... | 2005 | 16161071 |
| outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis associated with alaskan oysters. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, the leading cause of seafood-associated gastroenteritis in the united states, typically is associated with the consumption of raw oysters gathered from warm-water estuaries. we describe a recognized outbreak of v. parahaemolyticus infection associated with the consumption of seafood from alaska. | 2005 | 16207848 |
| detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in cockle (anadara granosa) by pcr. | this study aimed to determine the occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in cockles (anadara granosa) at a harvesting area and to detect the presence of virulent strains carrying the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin genes (trh) using pcr. of 100 samples, 62 were positive for the presence of v. parahaemolyticus with an mpn (most probable number) value greater than 3.0 (>1100 mpn per g). the pcr analysis revealed 2 samples to be positive for the tdh gene and 11 to be po ... | 2005 | 16216442 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus and microorganisms of fecal origin in mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) sold in the puglia region (italy). | mytilus galloprovincialis is one of the most commonly consumed of all bivalve molluscs. the consumption of raw bivalve molluscs has caused outbreaks of food poisoning due to vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. this paper reports the results of a survey on the presence of v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus fecal coliform bacteria, escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in 600 m. galloprovincialis samples collected from retail outlets in the puglia region. v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulni ... | 2006 | 16226820 |