| enteric porcine viruses in farmed shellfish in denmark. | bivalve shellfish are at constant risk of being exposed to pathogens as a consequence of contamination of the shellfish beds with human or animal waste originating from sewage treatment plants or slurry fertilized fields. consumption of contaminated oysters and mussels are frequently reported as causes of disease outbreaks caused by norovirus or hepatitis a virus. other zoonotic pathogens such as hepatitis e virus (hev), rotavirus (rv) and salmonella from livestock may also be transmitted to she ... | 2014 | 25016209 |
| branched-linear and agglomerate protein polymers as vaccine platforms. | many viral structural proteins and their truncated domains share a common feature of homotypic interaction forming dimers, trimers, and/or oligomers with various valences. we reported previously a simple strategy for construction of linear and network polymers through the dimerization feature of viral proteins for vaccine development. in this study, technologies were developed to produce more sophisticated polyvalent complexes through both the dimerization and oligomerization natures of viral an ... | 2014 | 24985736 |
| robust manufacturing and comprehensive characterization of recombinant hepatitis e virus-like particles in hecolin(®). | the hepatitis e virus (hev) vaccine, hecolin(®), was licensed in china for the prevention of hev infection and hev-related diseases with demonstrated safety and efficacy [1,2]. the vaccine is composed of a truncated hev capsid protein, p239, as the sole antigen encoded by open reading frame 2 and produced using escherichia coli platform. the production of this virus-like particle (vlp) form of the antigen was successfully scaled up 50-fold from a bench scale to a manufacturing scale. product con ... | 2014 | 24892250 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev) protease: a chymotrypsin-like enzyme that processes both non-structural (porf1) and capsid (porf2) protein. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a major cause of acute viral hepatitis across the world, is a non-enveloped, plus-strand rna virus. its genome codes three proteins, porf1 (multifunctional polyprotein), porf2 (capsid protein) and porf3 (multi-regulatory protein). porf1 encodes methyltransferase, putative papain-like cysteine protease, helicase and replicase enzymes. of these, the protease domain has not been characterized. on the basis of sequence analysis, we cloned and expressed a protein covering aa ... | 2014 | 24795447 |
| bacteria expressed hepatitis e virus capsid proteins maintain virion-like epitopes. | the protein encoded by orf2 in hepatitis e virus (hev) is the only capsid protein for this single-stranded rna virus. it was previously shown that 148 aa (aa 459-606) was needed for dimer formation, whereas 239 aa (aa 368-606) was necessary to form virus-like particles (vlps). the self-assembled vlps of p239 were characterized with a series of methods including high performance size-exclusion chromatography to demonstrate the particulate nature of purified and properly refolded p239. a neutraliz ... | 2014 | 24662711 |
| analysis of helicase domain mutations in the hepatitis e virus derived from patients with fulminant hepatic failure: effects on enzymatic activities and virus replication. | fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is the severe form of hepatitis e virus infection. virus sequence analyses from severe cases have shown presence of unique and highly conserved mutations in the helicase domain of genotype 1, 3 and 4 viruses. we evaluated role of two amino acid replacements (l1110f) and (v1120i); found to be frequent in genotype 1 fhf-e viruses from india. three mutant helicase proteins (two with single point mutations and one with dual mutations) were expressed in escherichia col ... | 2014 | 24630891 |
| development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using 2 truncated orf2 proteins for detection of igg antibodies against hepatitis e virus. | without appropriate culture systems for hepatitis e virus (hev), sufficient natural viral proteins are difficult to generate for use in serological tests. therefore, it is important to produce large amounts of hev recombinant proteins in an economical way. the present study developed elisas using 2 truncated forms of the hev open reading frame (orf) 2 protein in order to detect anti-hev igg in serum samples. | 2014 | 24624347 |
| development of a vectored vaccine against hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus is a non-enveloped ssrna virus [1] that causes human acute hepatitis through primarily fecal and oral transmission [2]. currently, no commercial hepatitis e (hev) vaccine is available. in the absence of an appropriate cell culture system for hev propagation, hev pseudocapsids (orf2 protein) have been produced either in escherichia coli or in insect cells and they have been shown to protect monkeys against virus challenge and to be effective in the prevention of natural hev infe ... | 2014 | 24583005 |
| a dual vaccine candidate against norovirus and hepatitis e virus. | norovirus (nov) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are both enterically-transmitted viruses causing gastroenteritis and hepatitis, respectively, in humans. while a vaccine against hevs recently became available in china, there is no prophylactic or therapeutic approach against novs. both nov and hev have surface protrusions formed by dimers of the protruding (p) domains of the viral capsids, which is responsible for virus-host interactions and eliciting viral neutralizing antibody. we developed in this ... | 2014 | 24291540 |
| expression of a truncated hepatitis e virus capsid protein in the protozoan organism leishmania tarentolae and its application in a serological assay. | zoonotic infections with hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 are presumably transmitted via contaminated pig meat products, which raises the necessity for enhanced serological surveillance of pig herds. the aim of the study was to set up a novel protein expression system to overcome the well-known problems in (hev-) protein expression using the standard escherichia coli tools such as inclusion body formation and loss of protein conformation. a recombinant strain of the protozoan organism leishman ... | 2013 | 23747546 |
| development of the hepatitis e vaccine: from bench to field. | along with the improvement of diagnostic techniques, hepatitis e has attracted increasing awareness in recent years. hepatitis e virus infection leads to high mortality in pregnant women and patients with underlying liver disease. several hepatitis e vaccine candidates have been designed and have proved their efficacy in animal models; two candidates have successfully undergone clinical trials. having proved safe and effective in a large phase iii trials, an escherichia coli expressed particulat ... | 2013 | 23564392 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence of domestic pigs in germany determined by a novel in-house and two reference elisas. | autochthonous hepatitis e virus (hev) infections by zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 (gt3) have been reported increasingly from industrialized countries. in this paper the development and validation of an igg elisa for the detection of hev-specific antibodies in domestic pigs is described. comparison of the diagnostic value of escherichia coli-expressed hev-gt3 capsid protein (cp) derivatives revealed a carboxy-terminal derivative as most suitable. validation of the in-house assay using a com ... | 2013 | 23523888 |
| assessment of f-rna coliphage as a potential indicator of enteric virus contamination of hog carcasses. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is common in pigs, and some swine hev strains are closely related to human strains. the zoonotic transmission of hev is now well established. hev can be detected by molecular techniques, but the significance of the presence of viral nucleic acid is questionable when foods are subjected to virus inactivation treatments. f-rna coliphages are attractive candidates as indicators for enteric viruses because they are similar in size and survival characteristics and can be rapid ... | 2012 | 22856576 |
| hepatitis e vaccine development: a 14 year odyssey. | the first prophylactic vaccine, hecolin®, against hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and the hev associated disease was approved by china's state food and drug administration (sfda) in december 2011. key milestones during the 14-year hev vaccine development are summarized in this commentary. after years of innovative research the recombinant virus-like particle (vlp) based antigen with virion-like epitopes was successfully produced in e. coli production platform on a commercial scale. safety and ... | 2012 | 22699438 |
| hepatitis e virus and the safety of plasma products: investigations into the reduction capacity of manufacturing processes. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been transmitted by transfusion of labile blood products and the occasional detection of hev rna in plasma pools indicates that hev viremic donations might enter the manufacturing process of plasma products. to verify the safety margins of plasma products with respect to hev, virus reduction steps commonly used in their manufacturing processes were investigated for their effectiveness to reduce hev. | 2016 | 26399175 |
| molecular modeling and analysis of hepatitis e virus (hev) papain-like cysteine protease. | the biochemical or biophysical characterization of a papain-like cysteine protease in hev orf1-encoded polyprotein still remains elusive. very recently, we have demonstrated the indispensability of orf1 protease-domain cysteines and histidines in hev replication, ex vivo (parvez, 2013). in this report, the polyprotein partial sequences of hev strains and genetically-related rna viruses were analyzed, in silico. employing the consensus-prediction results of rubv-p(150) protease as structural-temp ... | 2014 | 24321124 |
| natural infection with avian hepatitis e virus and marek's disease virus in brown layer chickens in china. | in the present study, avian hepatitis e virus (hev) and serotype-1 strains of marek's disease virus (mdv-1) were detected from a flock of 27-wk-old brown layer hens in china, accompanied by an average daily mortality of 0.44%. postmortem examination of 25 sick hens and five apparently healthy hens selected randomly from the flock showed significant pathologic changes consistent with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (hss), including hepatomegaly, peritoneal fluid, and hepatic subcapsular hemorrhag ... | 2016 | 27610734 |
| gb virus c viremia and anti-e2 antibody response among hemodialysis patients in gorgan, iran. | gb virus c is a blood-borne virus and a member of flaviviridae, like hepatitis c that is distributed globally and puts hemodialysis patients at high risk of developing liver disease. the clinical significance of gbv-c in this population remains unclear. | 2014 | 25774276 |
| rare and emerging viral infections in transplant recipients. | emerging viral pathogens include newly discovered viruses as well as previously known viruses that are either increasing, or threatening to increase in incidence. while often first identified in the general population, they may affect transplant recipients, in whom their manifestations may be atypical or more severe. enhanced molecular methods have increased the rate of viral discovery but have not overcome the problem of demonstrating pathogenicity. at the same time, improved clinical diagnosti ... | 2013 | 23839998 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e and helicobacter pylori in a low socioeconomic area of a metropolitan city in a developing country. | this study aims to determine the prevalence of coinfection of h. pylori and hepatitis e virus (hev) in the paediatric age group in an urban slum area of karachi and identify risk factors associated with co-infection. five hundred and forty children aged one to 15 years were investigated. blood samples were collected and questionnaires completed on socio-demographic characteristics. anti-h. pylori, hev igg and igm antibodies were analysed by enzyme immunoassays (eias). the seroprevalence of h. py ... | 2013 | 23617095 |
| severity and outcome of acute-on-chronic liver failure is dependent on the etiology of acute hepatic insults: analysis of 368 patients. | acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) may be precipitated by various hepatic insults. the present study evaluated the outcomes of aclf with different acute insults. | 2017 | 28296656 |
| evaluation of two vidas (®)prototypes for detecting anti-hev igg. | high performance anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg assays are crucial for epidemiology. | 2017 | 28249234 |
| clinical features of acute hepatitis e super-infections on chronic hepatitis b. | to examine the clinical features and risk factors for adverse outcomes in chronic hepatitis b (chb) superimposed with hepatitis e virus (hev). | 2016 | 28058019 |
| incidence and characteristics of hepatitis e virus infection in children in assiut, upper egypt. | objective to describe the characteristics of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in a cohort of children from upper egypt using data from a large multicentre prospective study of acute viral hepatitis (avh). methods data from subjects aged 2-18 years with avh or close contacts of those with avh found to have asymptomatic avh were included in the analysis. information concerning medical history, clinical examination, liver function tests and screening for hepatotropic viruses was recorded and analy ... | 2016 | 27688687 |
| recent advancements in combination subunit vaccine development. | viral structural proteins share a common nature of homotypic interactions that drive viral capsid formation. this natural process has been mimicked in vitro through recombinant technology to generate various virus-like particles (vlps) and small subviral particles that exhibit similar structural and antigenic properties of their authentic viruses. therefore, such self-assembled, polyvalent, and highly immunogenic vlps and small subviral particles are excellent subunit vaccines against individual ... | 2017 | 27649319 |
| viral hepatitis: indian scenario. | viral hepatitis is a cause for major health care burden in india and is now equated as a threat comparable to the "big three" communicable diseases - hiv/aids, malaria and tuberculosis. hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus are predominantly enterically transmitted pathogens and are responsible to cause both sporadic infections and epidemics of acute viral hepatitis. hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus are predominantly spread via parenteral route and are notorious to cause chronic hepatit ... | 2016 | 27546957 |
| incidence and seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in pregnant women infected with hepatitis b virus and antibody placental transfer in infants. | hepatitis e has poor outcomes in pregnant women. superinfection of hepatitis e virus (hev) in patients infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) may worsen liver disease. | 2016 | 27467017 |
| liver failure due to acute viral hepatitis (a-e). | viral hepatitis is still one of the key causes of acute liver failure (alf) in the world. | 2016 | 27413724 |
| multiplex qpcr for serodetection and serotyping of hepatitis viruses: a brief review. | the present review describes the current status of multiplex quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays developed and used globally for detection and subtyping of hepatitis viruses in body fluids. several studies have reported the use of multiplex qpcr for the detection of hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), and hepatitis e virus (hev). in addition, multiplex qpcr has also been develo ... | 2016 | 27239109 |
| the role of hepatitis e virus infection in adult americans with acute liver failure. | acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a leading cause of acute liver failure (alf) in many developing countries, yet rarely identified in western countries. given that antibody testing for hev infection is not routinely obtained, we hypothesized that hev-related alf might be present and unrecognized in north american alf patients. serum samples of 681 adults enrolled in the u.s. acute liver failure study group were tested for anti-hev immunoglobulin (ig) m and anti-hev igg levels. subjects ... | 2016 | 27215797 |
| multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr for simultaneous detection of hepatitis b, c, and e virus. | the hepatitis b virus (hbv), hcv, and hev may occur as singly or concurrently in patients of different kind of liver disease. the rapid, reliable, and cost-effective screening of these pathogens is required for the large epidemiological studies. therefore, a study has been planned to develop a multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr assay which can be used for the screening of maximum number of pathogens at a time. | 2016 | 27194894 |
| acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) in coastal eastern india: "a single-center experience". | acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) is an emerging entity. the present study was undertaken to analyze the clinical profile and natural course of aclf patients. | 2016 | 27194893 |
| prevention strategies for blood-borne viruses-in the era of vaccines, direct acting antivirals and antiretroviral therapy. | blood-borne viruses, such as hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and the facultative blood-borne hepatitis e virus, are considered a major public health problem given that they are accountable for millions of deaths each year. treatment options, including effective vaccine design, development of antiviral strategies and the implementation of antiretroviral therapy have improved substantially over the last couple of years and contribute to successful treatment and ... | 2016 | 27185010 |
| history and global burden of viral hepatitis. | between 1963 and 1989, 5 hepatotropic viruses have been discovered that are the major causes of viral hepatitides worldwide: hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis e virus. their epidemiology and pathogenesis have been studied in great detail. furthermore, the structure and genetic organization of their dna or rna genome including the viral life cycle have been elucidated and have been successfully translated into important clinic ... | 2017 | 27170381 |
| which is safer source plasma for manufacturing in china: apheresis plasma or recovered plasma? | in most countries, the plasma for derivative production includes two types of plasma, apheresis plasma (ap) and recovered plasma (rp). however, the plasma recovered from whole blood is not permitted for manufacture in china. because of the lack of source plasma and the surplus of rp, the chinese government is considering allowing rp as an equivalent source for the production of plasma derivatives. it is known that human blood can be contaminated by various infectious agents. the objective of the ... | 2016 | 27167358 |
| the honolulu liver disease cluster at the medical center: its mysteries and challenges. | in 2013, physicians at the honolulu queen's medical center (qmc) noticed that seven liver disease patients reported the use of oxyelite pro (oep), a widely consumed dietary supplement (ds). assuming a temporal association between oep use and disease, they argued that oep was the cause of this mysterious cluster. subsequent reexamination, however, has revealed that this qmc cohort is heterogeneous and not a cluster with a single agent causing a single disease. it is heterogeneous because patients ... | 2016 | 27043544 |
| hepatitis e virus superinfection and clinical progression in hepatitis b patients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection may cause acute hepatitis and lead to hepatic failure in developing and developed countries. we studied hev seroprevalences in patients with hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection to understand the consequences of hev superinfection in a vietnamese population. this cross-sectional study was conducted from 2012 to 2013 and included 1318 vietnamese patients with hbv-related liver diseases and 340 healthy controls. the case group included patients with acute (n = 26) an ... | 2015 | 26844288 |
| hepatitis e virus infection and acute-on-chronic liver failure in west africa: a case-control study from the gambia. | in sub-saharan africa, it is unknown whether hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a common precipitating event of acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf). | 2016 | 26623967 |
| acute hepatitis e virus infection with coincident reactivation of epstein-barr virus infection in an immunosuppressed patient with rheumatoid arthritis: a case report. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most recently discovered of the hepatotropic viruses, and is considered an emerging pathogen in developed countries with the possibility of fulminant hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. especially in the latter elevated transaminases should be taken as a clue to consider hev infection, as it can be treated by discontinuation of immunosuppression and/or ribavirin therapy. to our best knowledge, this is a unique case of autochthonous hev infection with coinciden ... | 2015 | 26511098 |
| tgf-β1 gene - 509c > t promoter polymorphism modulates tgf-β1 levels in hepatitis e patients. | elevated levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (tgf-β1) and its positive correlation with foxp3 expression in hepatitis e patients have indicated involvement of tgf-β1 in hepatitis e pathogenesis. the current study determined polymorphisms in tgf-β1 gene, plasma tgf-β1 levels and t effector (teff) cell proliferation and explored their association in a case control study. polymorphisms in three selected sites (- 509c > t, + 869t > c and + 915g > c) of tgf-β1 gene by pcr & restriction fragment l ... | 2015 | 26504745 |
| cryptic hepatitis b and e in patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology. | up to 30% of acute viral hepatitis has no known etiology. to determine the disease etiology in patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (hue), serum specimens were obtained from 38 patients residing in the united kingdom and vietnam and from 26 healthy us blood donors. all specimens tested negative for known viral infections causing hepatitis, using commercially available serological and nucleic acid assays. | 2015 | 26155829 |
| prevalence of hepatitis viruses in patients with acute hepatitis and characterization of the detected genotype 4 hepatitis e virus sequences in mongolia. | hepatitis e is considered to be a worldwide public health problem. although the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies in healthy individuals is noted to be 11%, no patients with acute hepatitis e have previously been identified in mongolia. three hundred two consecutive patients (183 males and 119 females; median age of 22.0 [interquartile range: 18.3-25.0] years) who were clinically diagnosed with sporadic acute hepatitis during 2012-2013 in ulaanbaatar, mongolia, were studied. by se ... | 2016 | 26147664 |
| seroprevalence for hepatitis e and other viral hepatitides among diverse populations, malawi. | data on prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in malawi is limited. we tested blood samples from hiv-uninfected and -infected populations of women and men enrolled in research studies in malawi during 1989-2008 to determine the seroprevalence of hev, hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). samples were tested for igg against hev, total antibodies against hav and hcv, and presence of hbv surface antigens. of 800 samples tested, 16.5% were positive for hev ig ... | 2015 | 26079666 |
| a novel linear neutralizing epitope of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a serious public health problem that causes acute hepatitis in humans and is primarily transmitted through fecal and oral routes. the major anti-hev antibody responses are against conformational epitopes located in a.a. 459-606 of hev porf2. all reported neutralization epitopes are present on the dimer domain constructed by this peptide. while looking for a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab)-recognized linear epitope, we found a novel neutralizing linear epitope (l ... | 2015 | 26051517 |
| [evaluation of viral hepatitis in solid organ transplantation]. | renal transplantation has significantly improved survival of patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd). transplantation is the best treatment in this population of patients. despite the introduction of various preventive measures, viral hepatitis, i.e. hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections, are still a major problem because they are common in patients on renal replacement therapy as well as in allograft recipients. they are a significant cause of morbidity and mortali ... | 2014 | 26012153 |
| hepatitis e virus co-infection in hiv-infected patients in foggia and naples in southern italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection represents an emerging infection in developed countries and is thought to be a zoonotic infection. it has recently been described as a new causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed subjects, including hiv-infected patients. the aim of this study was to assess the sero-virological prevalence of hev in hiv patients and in the general population as control group. | 2015 | 25994453 |
| evaluation of the diagnostic value of alpha-l-fucosidase, alpha-fetoprotein and thymidine kinase 1 with roc and logistic regression for hepatocellular carcinoma. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) with the combined analysis of alpha-l-fucosidase (afu), alpha-fetoprotein (afp) and thymidine kinase 1 (tk1). serum levels of afu, afp and tk1 were measured in: 116 patients with hcc, 109 patients with benign hepatic diseases, and 104 normal subjects. the diagnostic value was analyzed using the logistic regression equation and receiver operating characteristic curves (roc). statistical distribu ... | 2015 | 25870783 |
| coinfection of hepatitis e virus and other hepatitis virus in colombia and its genotypic characterization. | hepatitis e virus has emerged as a public health problem, particularly in developing countries. the four genotypes identified in mammals include the g3 found in indigenous hepatitis in countries and regions with high porcine population, and the g1, associated with maternal deaths. | 2015 | 27622794 |
| prediction of interactions between viral and host proteins using supervised machine learning methods. | viral-host protein-protein interaction plays a vital role in pathogenesis, since it defines viral infection of the host and regulation of the host proteins. identification of key viral-host protein-protein interactions (ppis) has great implication for therapeutics. | 2014 | 25375323 |
| a hospital-based retrospective study on frequency and distribution of viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis is a major public health problem throughout the world. it is the inflammation of the liver due to the infection of any of the five main hepatic viruses a to e and it affects the liver through different modes of transmission. this study mainly aims at the frequency and distribution of viral hepatitis based on age and sex during a time period of 5 years. | 2014 | 25191049 |
| clinical and molecular analyses of sporadic acute hepatitis a and e and the specific viral genotypes isolated in iwate and three neighboring prefectures in the northern part of honshu, japan, between 2004 and 2013. | to examine the prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in the northern part of honshu, japan, during the last decade. | 2015 | 25146162 |
| hepatitis viruses and liver transplantation: evolving trends in antiviral management. | viral hepatitis is both a leading indication for liver transplant (lt) and an important cause of posttransplant graft loss and mortality. treatment and prevention of hepatitis b virus in lt recipients, with the observed corresponding improvement in post-lt outcomes, is among the great success stories in transplantation. by comparison, treatment of hepatitis c virus with safe and effective regimens is only just becoming a reality. chronic hepatitis e virus infection in lt recipients represents a ... | 2014 | 25017077 |
| hepatic flares in chronic hepatitis c: spontaneous exacerbation vs hepatotropic viruses superinfection. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) causes an acute infection that is frequently asymptomatic, but a spontaneous eradication of hcv infection occurs only in one-third of patients. the remaining two-thirds develop a chronic infection that, in most cases, shows an indolent course and a slow progression to the more advanced stages of the illness. nearly a quarter of cases with chronic hepatitis c (chc) develop liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. the indolent course of the illness may ... | 2014 | 24944463 |
| need for immunization against hepatotropic viruses in children with chronic liver disease. | infection with hepatotropic viruses is a common cause of acute deterioration and adverse outcome in children with chronic liver disease (cld). such superimposed infections may be preventable through vaccination. the present study aimed to evaluate the exposure rates of hepatitis a, b, and e viruses in children with cld and suggest an optimal vaccination strategy. | 2014 | 24840513 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in west bengal, india: a hospital-based study. | india is an endemic zone for hepatitis e virus (hev), which is associated with both epidemic and sporadic infections. in west bengal, only two hepatitis e outbreaks have been studied to date. however, sporadic cases of hev infection also occur during inter-epidemic periods. the aim of this hospital-based study was to detect the prevalence of hev infection in patients with acute sporadic hepatitis in west bengal, india. blood samples and clinical information were collected from 285 patients of bo ... | 2014 | 24821066 |
| transfusion-associated hepatitis before the screening of blood for hepatitis risk factors. | the true incidence of transfusion-associated hepatitis (tah) before blood screening is unknown. our aims were to reevaluate blood recipients receiving unscreened blood and analyze hepatitis viruses circulating more than 45 years ago. | 2014 | 24797372 |
| comparison of acute hepatitis e infection outcome in patients with and without chronic hepatitis b infection: a 10 year retrospective study in three regional hospitals in hong kong. | acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has recently become the commonest cause of acute viral hepatitis in hong kong (hk) with majority of hev belonging to genotype 4. studies from china have shown that acute hepatitis e patients with underlying chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection may have a worse outcome than those without. in india where genotype 1 is more prevalent, superinfection with hepatitis e on patients with chronic liver disease including chronic hepatitis b infection can cause ... | 2014 | 24646686 |
| an update on hepatitis b, d, and e viruses. | although newer and more effective treatments are now available for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, non-hcv viral hepatitis remains an important cause of liver disease, especially among hiv-infected individuals. hepatitis b virus (hbv) is the leading cause of cirrhosis worldwide, and approximately one-quarter of patients with cirrhosis develop decompensated liver disease within 5 years. initial treatment for chronic hbv infection includes peginterferon alfa, entecavir, and tenofovir. approxima ... | 2014 | 24531556 |
| rna-seq based transcriptome analysis of hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) replicon transfected huh-7 cells. | pathogenesis of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is as varied as they appear similar; while hbv causes an acute and/or chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, hev mostly causes an acute self-limiting disease. in both infections, host responses are crucial in disease establishment and/or virus clearance. in the wake of worsening prognosis described during hev super-infection over chronic hbv hepatitis, we investigated the host responses by studying alterat ... | 2014 | 24505321 |
| acute viral hepatitis in pediatric age groups. | our clinical experience showed that there has been no decrease in pediatric cases of acute viral hepatitis in kathmandu. the objective of the study was to analyze the etiology, clinical features, laboratory parameters, sonological findings and other to determine the probable prognostic factors of acute viral hepatitis in pediatric population. | 2016 | 26905549 |
| patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to develop severe hepatitis and liver failure due to hepatitis virus infection. | acute viral hepatitis (avh) is usually a self-limiting illness. diabetics are prone to develop liver diseases and liver regeneration is impaired in them. natural course of avh in diabetics has not been assessed and may be severe. | 2013 | 25755514 |
| virus-like particle-based human vaccines: quality assessment based on structural and functional properties. | human vaccines against three viruses use recombinant virus-like particles (vlps) as the antigen: hepatitis b virus, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis e virus. vlps are excellent prophylactic vaccine antigens because they are self-assembling bionanoparticles (20 to 60 nm in diameter) that expose multiple epitopes on their surface and faithfully mimic the native virions. here we summarize the long journey of these vaccines from bench to patients. the physical properties and structural features o ... | 2013 | 24125746 |
| influence of chronic hbv infection on superimposed acute hepatitis e. | to investigate the influence of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection [based on the status of hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag), hbv dna, and cirrhosis] on superimposed acute hepatitis e. | 2013 | 24124337 |
| epstein-barr virus infection with acute pancreatitis associated with cholestatic hepatitis. | infection-induced acute hepatitis complicated with acute pancreatitis is associated with hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus or hepatitis e virus. although rare, epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection should be considered also in the differential diagnosis if the patient has acute hepatitis combined with pancreatitis. we report a case of ebv infection with cholestatic hepatitis and pancreatitis with review of literature. an 11-year-old female was admitted due to 1-day history of abdominal pain and ... | 2013 | 24010108 |
| hepatitis e and acute-on-chronic liver failure. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh) globally. it causes large scale epidemics of avh across the low- and middle income countries in asia and africa, and also causes sporadic cases of avh in the same geographical region. avh due to hev is usually an acute, self-limiting illness, similar in clinical presentation to avh caused by hepatitis a virus (hav). when hev causes avh in patients of chronic liver disease it may worsen rapidly to a syndrome called ac ... | 2013 | 25755504 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in an endemic area in iran. | some studies have suggested that hepatitis e virus is more frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients and can progress to chronic infection. we aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies and rna in a series of 100 hiv-infected patients in tehran, iran, with comparison to 52 healthy hiv, hepatitis b and c-negative blood donors as controls. hiv-infected patients were also tested for hepatitis e virus-rna. among the hiv-infected patients, 10% had antibodies to he ... | 2013 | 23970597 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis d virus and hepatitis e virus as causes of acute viral hepatitis in north india: a hospital based study. | acute viral hepatitis (avh) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. | 2013 | 23883712 |
| novel single-step multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for simultaneous quantification of hepatitis virus a, b, c, and e in serum. | viral hepatitis needs an earliest diagnosis for its proper and timely treatment. although serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis is in regular practice, however, it has certain limitations and points to alternate procedures of diagnosis. present study was designed to develop a single-step multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for detection of hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus (hev) related nucleic acids in sera from infe ... | 2013 | 23800094 |
| hepatitis e virus infections in hiv-infected patients in ghana and cameroon. | chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infections have recently been described in hiv-infected patients. only few data are available for sub-saharan africa, where hiv and hev are highly co-endemic, and where liver pathology is common in hiv-infected individuals. | 2013 | 23743346 |
| reduced expression of dna damage repair genes high mobility group box1 and poly(adp-ribose) polymerase1 in inactive carriers of hepatitis b virus infection-a possible stage of viral integration. | high mobility group box1 (hmgb1) and poly(adp-ribose) polymerase1 (parp1) proteins repair cellular dna damage. reduced expression of the corresponding genes can lead to an impaired dna damage repair mechanism. intracellular replication of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in such conditions can favor the integration of viral dna into host genome leading to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). | 2013 | 25755481 |
| case of acute hepatitis e with concomitant signs of autoimmunity. | sporadic cases of acute viral hepatitis e have been described in developed countries, despite the more common occurrence in endemic areas and developing countries. we present the case of a 58 years old portuguese female, with no epidemiological relevant factors, admitted with acute hepatitis with positive anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-smooth muscle antibody and high serum gamma globulin (> 1.5 fold increase). serologies for hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, epstein-barr vi ... | 2013 | 23556050 |
| hepatitis b and e co-primary infections in an hiv-1-infected patient. | we report an autochthonous hepatitis e virus (hev)-hepatitis b virus co-primary infection in a 41-year-old man having sex with men and infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). this case prompts testing for hev in hiv-infected patients with acute hepatitis even if primary infection with another hepatitis virus is diagnosed. | 2013 | 23303497 |
| meld score: utility and comparison with king's college criteria in non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. | to compare model for end-stage liver disease score (meld score, ms) and king's college hospital (kch) criteria for finding correlation of mortality in non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure (nai-alf). | 2012 | 22868013 |
| the burden of liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. | introduction of effective combined antiretroviral therapy has made human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection a chronic illness. substantial reductions in the number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome- (aids-) related deaths have been accompanied by an increase in liver-related morbidity and mortality. liver diseases rank in the first three most-common causes of death in hiv-infected persons. mortality is mainly due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma induced by hepatitis c virus and ... | 2012 | 22760649 |
| viral hepatitis in india. | hepatitis in india is caused mainly by hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and hepatitis e virus (hev). hav infection occurs frequently in children, though in parts of india there is an evolving epidemiology. hev is the most common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in india and has been associated with several large-scale epidemics in the past. india belongs to the intermediate endemicity zone for hbv carriers. hbv is the major cause of chronic liver diseas ... | 2012 | 22726997 |
| seroprevalence of hav, hbv, hcv, and hev among acute hepatitis patients at kenyatta national hospital in nairobi, kenya. | acute viral hepatitis is most frequently caused by the hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv) and hepatitis e virus (hev). | 2012 | 26856042 |
| genetic characteristics and pathogenicity of human hepatitis e virus in nanjing, china. | to investigate the genetic characteristics and pathogenicity of hepatitis e virus (hev) and assess the potential risk factors for sporadic hepatitis e. | 2012 | 22408357 |
| hiv, hev and cirrhosis: evidence of a possible link from eastern spain. | the aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in an hiv-infected population, as determined by hev immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies (anti-hev). | 2012 | 22257075 |
| the association of elevated alanine aminotransferase levels with hepatitis e virus infections among blood donors in china. | transfusion transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging health risk, yet blood donors are rarely screened for this pathogen. many blood centers instituted screening of blood donors for elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels to prevent hepatitis c virus, which has continued in china. we evaluated whether elevated alt levels were associated with hev among blood donors in china. | 2017 | 28194856 |
| high seroprevalence against hepatitis e virus in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is endemic in europe. superinfection with hev in patients with underlying chronic liver disease can cause hepatic decompensation leading to increased morbidity and mortality. | 2017 | 28160727 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in anti-hev immunoglobulin g-carrying patients after successful hepatitis c virus treatment: reactivation or reinfection? | although hepatitis e virus (hev) is regarded as a self-limiting infection and anti-hev antibodies seem to protect against reinfection, its pathogenesis is not well established. we describe 2 cases of acute symptomatic hev infection after hepatitis c therapy in patients carrying anti-hev immunoglobulin g antibodies, raising 2 major questions: reactivation or reinfection? | 2017 | 28077520 |
| hemoglobin during ribavirin-based hcv therapy is closely related to circulating levels of dhea. | ribavirin-induced anemia is the major side effect observed during hcv therapy. in an in vitro study, we recently discovered that dhea can strongly inhibit this adverse event. we also evaluated a possible link between pre-treatment serum dhea and hemoglobin during hcv therapy. among the 108 patients of our cohort serum baseline dhea levels were associated with hemoglobin levels at week 12 of treatment (r = 0.35; p = 0.0021). patients with low baseline serum dhea developed severe anemia. a serum l ... | 2016 | 27805268 |
| performance of an antigen assay for diagnosing acute hepatitis e virus genotype 3 infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of hepatitis worldwide. its diagnosis is based on the detection of anti-hev igm and/or hev-rna. | 2016 | 27038538 |
| hepatitis e virus does not contribute to hepatic decompensation among patients with advanced chronic hepatitis c. | hepatitis e (hev) can cause acute-on-chronic liver failure in persons with pre-existing liver disease. we investigated whether hev infection contributes to hepatic decompensation in patients with previously stable, advanced chronic hepatitis c. | 2016 | 26820399 |
| antiviral activities of different interferon types and subtypes against hepatitis e virus replication. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e in humans and a member of the genusorthohepevirusin the familyhepeviridae hev infections are the common cause of acute hepatitis but can also take chronic courses. ribavirin is the treatment of choice for most patients, and type i interferon (ifn) has been evaluated in a few infected transplant patientsin vivo in this study, the antiviral effects of different exogenously administered interferons were investigated by using state-of-the ... | 2016 | 26787701 |
| [seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in patients with hepatitis c and / or infected with hiv]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) can cause chronic infection and cirrhosis. the seroprevalence data of anti-hev igg in the patients infected with hiv or with chronic liver disease are scarce. | 2015 | 26621176 |
| disparity of basal and therapeutically activated interferon signalling in constraining hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) represents one of the foremost causes of acute hepatitis globally. although there is no proven medication for hepatitis e, pegylated interferon-α (ifn-α) has been used as off-label drug for treating hev. however, the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of how ifn signalling interacts with hev remain undefined. as ifn-α has been approved for treating chronic hepatitis c (hcv) for decades and the role of interferon signalling has been well studied in hcv infection, this study ... | 2016 | 26620360 |
| clinical analysis of patients suffering from chronic hepatitis b superinfected with other hepadnaviruses. | to compare the clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and prognoses of patients with chronic hepatitis b (chb) who were superinfected with hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), or hepatitis e virus (hev). two hundred and eleven patients with confirmed chb in our hospital, a tertiary teaching hospital in china, between 2005 and 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. among 211 patients with chb, 35 were superinfected with hav, 31 were superinfected with ... | 2016 | 26509653 |
| murine norovirus (mnv-1) exposure in vitro to the purine nucleoside analog ribavirin increases quasispecies diversity. | ribavirin is a pharmaceutical antiviral used for the treatment of rna virus infections including norovirus, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis e virus, lassa virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinovirus. despite the drug's history and documented efficacy, the antiviral mechanism of ribavirin remains unclear. mechanisms proposed include depletion of the intracellular gtp pool, immunomodulatory effects, induction of error catastrophe, inhibition of viral polymerase activity, and/or inhibition of v ... | 2016 | 26494169 |
| prevalence and clinical consequences of hepatitis e in patients who underwent liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis c in the united states. | infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) in immunocompromised patients can lead to severe liver disease. treatment options for hev include peginterferon or ribavirin, routinely also used for the treatment of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. we determined the prevalence and clinical consequences of hev in united states (us) based patients who underwent liver transplantation (lt) for chronic hcv. | 2015 | 26328802 |
| frequency and prognosis of acute pancreatitis associated with acute hepatitis e: a systematic review. | the association of acute pancreatitis (ap) with viral hepatitis is well known, and is usually attributed to hav, hbv, or hcv. ap related to acute hepatitis e (ahe) has been rarely described, and the typical profile is that of a young male, residing in an endemic area, presenting with mild to moderate pancreatitis, and improving with conservative management. | 2015 | 26049260 |
| evidence for the presence of autochthonous (locally acquired) cases of acute hepatitis e virus infections in italy since the 80s. | autochthonous (locally acquired) cases of acute hepatitis e virus have been recently reported in several developed countries. | 2015 | 25887055 |
| a study of viral hepatitis e infection in a tertiary care hospital in mysore, south india. | in this study, we aimed to explore the clinical and epidemiological profile of all patients with hepatitis e virus (hev) who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital in mysore, india and to further assess various factors that influence the prognosis of these patients. | 2014 | 25734105 |
| management of viral hepatitis in liver transplant recipients. | recurrence of viral hepatitis after liver transplantation (lt) can progress to graft failure and lead to a decrease in long-term survival. recently, there have been remarkable improvement in the treatment of chronic hepatitis b (chb) using potent antiviral agents. combination of hepatitis b immunoglobulin and potent antiviral therapy has brought marked advances in the management of chb for liver transplant recipients. post-transplant antiviral therapy for hepatitis c virus infection is generally ... | 2014 | 25548738 |
| impact of hepatitis e virus seropositivity on chronic liver disease in cancer patients with hepatitis c virus infection. | immunocompromised patients can develop chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and progress to cirrhosis. hepatitis c virus (hcv)-infected cancer patients who have received chemotherapeutic agents experience accelerated liver fibrosis progression. our aim was to investigate the prevalence and impact of hev seropositivity on liver-related outcomes in hcv-infected cancer patients. | 2015 | 25488194 |
| inhibition of hepatitis e virus replication by proteasome inhibitor is nonspecific. | the ubiquitin proteasome system plays important role in virus infection. a previous study showed that the proteasome inhibitor mg132 could potentially affect hepatitis e virus (hev) replication. in this study, we found that mg132 could inhibit hev and hepatitis c virus (hcv) replication-related luciferase activity in subgenomic models. furthermore, treatment with mg132 in a hev infectious model resulted in a dramatic reduction in the intracellular level of hev rna. surprisingly, mg132 concurrent ... | 2015 | 25476751 |
| high hepatitis e virus seroprevalence with absence of chronic infection in hiv-infected patients. | the seroprevalence of the hepatitis e virus (hev) and its chronicity rate in the hiv-infected population has not been well established. as a result, the magnitude of this emerging disease in this population cannot be established. | 2015 | 25452042 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection in patients on chronic hemodialysis. | many studies have been done on the epidemiology of hepatitis e on general population, but the data among patients with end stage renal disease (esrd) are few and give conflicting results. | 2014 | 25147715 |
| cirrhosis, liver transplantation and hiv infection are risk factors associated with hepatitis e virus infection. | acute and chronic hepatitis e have been associated with high mortality and development of cirrhosis, particularly in solid-organ recipients and patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus. however, data regarding the epidemiology of hepatitis e in special populations is still limited. | 2014 | 25068388 |
| acute hepatitis after starting pinaverium bromide in a patient taking mirtazapine. | a 56-year-old man presented with chronic abdominal pain. he had been evaluated extensively in the recent past undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy and ct scan of the abdomen with normal results. the provisional diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome was performed and pinaverium bromide was started. the patient had pre-existing hypertension, a major depressive disorder and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. he had been taking nebivolol and pantoprazole for several years and mir ... | 2014 | 25015163 |