| the effects of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic on infant and child health in derbyshire. | | 2005 | 15730129 |
| perceptions of dissection by students in one medical school: beyond learning about anatomy. a qualitative study. | the practice of dissection, as part of undergraduate medical education, has recently resurfaced in the public eye. this paper focuses on a number of important learning outcomes that were reported by year 1-5 medical students in a british medical school, during the dissection sessions in the first 2 years of their training, as part of a wider qualitative research project into undergraduate medical education. | 2005 | 15733168 |
| are hiv/aids services in leeds, uk, able to meet the needs of asylum seekers? | the yorkshire and humberside region of england ranks second only to london for reception of those seeking asylum in the uk. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence amongst asylum seekers is likely to mirror that in the country of origin. in 2001, the city of leeds received 1100 asylum seekers, including dependents. many of these were from areas with high seroprevalence of hiv, and hiv-infected asylum seekers require medical and social support. are the current services for hiv-infected pers ... | 2005 | 15733692 |
| julia bell and the treasury of human inheritance. | the treasury of human inheritance represents the most extensive, and one of the earliest series of documentations and analyses of human genetic disorders. published between 1909 and 1958, from the galton laboratory, london, most of the numerous sections were written by julia bell, who represents a key figure in the development of human and medical genetics. her combination of mathematical training, genetic knowledge and clinical expertise yielded numerous important insights into human inheritanc ... | 2005 | 15735957 |
| a world apart: geography, australian quarantine, and the mother country. | in many respects the australian colonies were what one person called "the proud offspring of a grand old mother." yet when it came to the prevention of imported infectious disease, britain's australian colonies were not a chip off the old block. british opposition to the lengthy and costly imposition of quarantine had intensified throughout the nineteenth century, eventuating in the abolition of human quarantine in 1896. the australian colonies, on the other hand, which had based their first qua ... | 2005 | 15737958 |
| [revisiting the forsdahl-barker hypothesis]. | the hypothesis about the influence of the environment in early life for later health and development has been the basis for several hundred studies over the last two decades. despite some diverging results in different studies and methodological shortcomings, including selection and confounding from socio-economic and other factors, there seems to be substantial evidence to the effect that the environment in early life is essential for later health and development. the association of low birthwe ... | 2005 | 15742021 |
| patients in test won't get drug, amgen decides. | | 2005 | 15742509 |
| history. george ralph mines (1886-1914). | | 2005 | 15744470 |
| potential transmission of west nile virus in the british isles: an ecological review of candidate mosquito bridge vectors. | west nile virus (wnv) transmitted by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) infects various vertebrates, being pathogenic for birds, horses and humans. after its discovery in tropical africa, sporadic outbreaks of wnv occurred during recent decades in eurasia, but not the british isles. wnv reached new york in 1999 and spread to california by 2003, causing widespread outbreaks of west nile encephalitis across north america, transmitted by many species of mosquitoes, mainly culex spp. the periodic reapp ... | 2005 | 15752172 |
| sporadic cryptosporidiosis decline after membrane filtration of public water supplies, england, 1996-2002. | the incidence of sporadic cryptosporidiosis among 106,000 residents of 2 local government districts in northwest england before and after installation of membrane filtration of public water supplies was compared to that of 59,700 residents whose public water supplies remained unchanged. a national outbreak of foot and mouth disease in livestock during 2001 was associated with a decline in sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in all regions of the united kingdom. in a poisson regression model, membra ... | 2005 | 15752443 |
| fly transmission of campylobacter. | an annual increase in campylobacter infection in england and wales begins in may and reaches a maximum in early june. this increase occurs in all age groups and is seen in all geographic areas. examination of risk factors that might explain this seasonal increase identifies flies as a potential source of infection. the observed pattern of infection is hypothesized to reflect an annual epidemic caused by direct or indirect contamination of people by small quantities of infected material carried b ... | 2005 | 15757548 |
| borna disease virus and mental health: a cross-sectional study. | borna disease is an infectious neurological disease of horses, sheep and possibly other animals. a role for borna disease virus (bdv) in human neurological and psychiatric illness has been proposed, but this hypothesis remains controversial. | 2005 | 15760925 |
| outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) in a highly-vaccinated religious community: a retrospective cohort study. | an outbreak of influenza occurred at the end of the 2001-2 winter season in a highly-vaccinated, semi-enclosed, religious community. on the basis of retrospective self reporting, 43% met the case definition (151/350) and 81% (25/31) of throat swabs from cases were polymerase chain reaction (pcr) -positive for influenza a (h3n2). the risk of developing influenza in people aged 65 or more was lower than that of children aged 2 years and under (odds ratio 0.1, 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.38). ... | 2004 | 15779788 |
| triploidy identified through second-trimester serum screening. | to describe the maternal serum marker patterns of triploid pregnancies and estimate the second-trimester prevalence of triploidy. | 2005 | 15791661 |
| bla(ctx-m) genes in clinical salmonella isolates recovered from humans in england and wales from 1992 to 2003. | cefotaximases (ctx-m) are a rapidly growing class a beta-lactamase family that has been found among a wide range of clinical bacteria. one hundred and six isolates were selected from 278,308 salmonella isolates based on resistance to ampicillin and cephalosporins and subjected to further characterization. fourteen isolates were bla(ctx-m) pcr positive, and cefotaxime mics for these isolates were > or = 16 mg/liter. furthermore, sequence analysis revealed the presence of type ctx-m9, -15, or -17 ... | 2005 | 15793104 |
| overcoming the barriers to patient-centred care: time, tools and training. | to investigate whether nurses experience barriers to delivering high quality care in areas that are of particular concern to patients and to describe which aspects of care are most affected when nurses lack the required resources, such as time, tools and training to do their job. | 2005 | 15807750 |
| association of the dopamine transporter (dat1) 10/10-repeat genotype with adhd symptoms and response inhibition in a general population sample. | association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) and the 10-repeat allele of the dopamine transporter gene (dat1) has been reported in independent clinical samples using a categorical clinical definition of adhd. the present study adopts a quantitative trait loci (qtl) approach to examine the association between dat1 and a continuous measure of adhd behaviours in a general-population sample, as well as to explore whether there is an independent association between dat1 and per ... | 2005 | 15809660 |
| medicine and literature: writing and reading. | the humanities and arts are appropriate areas of study within interdisciplinary medicine. medicine has long been considered to be both a science and an art. within each patient, the psychological, emotional, spiritual, and the physical are all inextricably linked. the values, ideas and images of individuals and culture, as well as the way the human body and mind physically function and dysfunction, impinge in an equally inextricable way upon all these elements. the humanities and arts, included ... | 2005 | 15813714 |
| dangerous severe personality disorders: england's experiment in using psychiatry for public protection. | | 2005 | 15814525 |
| influenza and its relationship to circulatory disorders. | three sources of data (general practice episode data from the weekly returns service of the royal college of general practitioners, national hospital admission data for england and national mortality data by date of death) were examined separately in each winter (1994/1995 to 1999/2000) to investigate the impact of influenza on circulatory disease. weekly data on incidence (clinical new episodes) hospital emergency admissions and deaths certified to circulatory disorders and to respiratory disea ... | 2005 | 15816150 |
| the transmission dynamics of groups a and b human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) in england & wales and finland: seasonality and cross-protection. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) transmission dynamics are inherently cyclical, and the observed genetic diversity (between groups a and b) also appears to have a repeating pattern. a key unknown is the extent to which genetic variants interact immunologically, and thus impact on epidemiology. we developed a novel mathematical model for hrsv transmission including seasonal forcing of incidence and temporary intra- and inter-group partial immunity. simultaneous model fits to data from two ... | 2005 | 15816153 |
| the dental caries experience of 5-year-old children in england and wales (2003/4) and in scotland (2002/3). surveys co-ordinated by the british association for the study of community dentistry. | this paper reports the results of standardized clinical caries examinations of 5 year old children from across england and wales in 2003/4 and scotland in 2002/3. these co-ordinated surveys are the latest in a series which seek to monitor the dental health of children and to assess the delivery of dental services. | 2005 | 15819117 |
| replacing positivism in medical geography. | revisiting debates about philosophical approaches in medical geography suggests that logical positivism may have been prematurely discarded. an analysis of authoritative texts in medical geography and their sources in human geography shows that logical positivism has been conflated with comtean positivism, science, empiricism, quantification, science politics, scientism and so on, to produce the "standard version" of the all-purpose pejorative "positivism", which it is easy to dismiss as an evil ... | 2004 | 15820580 |
| the place of 360 degree appraisal within a team approach to professional development. | the role of appraisal within professional development has assumed a higher profile in response to national policies including those relating to clinical governance and workforce development. under the guidance of a service development manager trained in human resource management, a new interprofessional primary care practice team near cambridge defined and implemented a new appraisal system drawing on the principles of 360 degree appraisal. the appraisal system was designed to support the servic ... | 2005 | 15823888 |
| eye anomalies: seasonal variation and maternal viral infections. | eye anomalies, including anophthalmos and microphthalmos (absent eye and small eye), are common features in congenital infection syndromes such as rubella. influenza, coxsackie virus, and parvovirus are less well-established teratogens. we report an ecologic analysis of anophthalmia/microphthalmia prevalence in england in relation to temporal variation in these infections using routine infection data. | 2005 | 15824546 |
| radioguided occult lesion localisation (roll) is available in the uk for impalpable breast lesions. | to test the feasibility and reliability of roll in a district general hospital (dgh) dealing with screening detected breast lesions. | 2005 | 15826415 |
| a regional audit of the use of cox-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) in rheumatology clinics in the west midlands, in relation to nice guidelines. | whilst all non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) can cause adverse gastrointestinal events, cox-2-selective inhibitors (cox-2) may have improved gastrointestinal safety compared with non-selective nsaids (nsnsaids). in 2001, the national institute for clinical excellence (nice) published guidance on the use of the cox-2 agents celecoxib, rofecoxib, meloxicam and etodolac for rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and osteoarthritis (oa). this study aimed to audit the appropriateness of nsaid use in ... | 2005 | 15827035 |
| evidence-based policy making in health care: what it is and what it isn't. | in this paper, i aim to re-establish the meaning and importance of the concept of 'evidence-based policy making' (ebp) in health care. the term ebp is often misunderstood as being either vacuous (who thinks that public policy should not be based on evidence?), unrealistic (the naive product of ivory tower thinking) or conservative (an excuse permanently to delay reform). it need be none of these things. ebp should be thought of as a set of rules and institutional arrangements designed to encoura ... | 2005 | 15831195 |
| advances in anti-viral therapeutics. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hiv infections are of high economical importance as they have a global impact, high mortality rates and, consequently novel treatments are urgently needed. worldwide, 170 and 34 - 46 million people are infected with hcv and hiv, respectively. hcv and hiv medications constitute the largest antiviral markets today. the efforts in fighting hcv infections are still limited to early clinical development, trying to establish proof-of-concept in man. however, in hiv, there i ... | 2005 | 15833066 |
| the edinburgh electronic veterinary curriculum: an online program-wide learning and support environment for veterinary education. | the edinburgh electronic veterinary curriculum (eevec) is a purpose-built virtual learning support environment for the veterinary medicine program at the university of edinburgh. it is web based and adapted from a system developed for the human medical curriculum. it is built around a set of databases and learning objects and incorporates features such as course materials, personalized timetables, staff and student contact pages, a notice board, and discussion forums. the eevec also contains glo ... | 2005 | 15834819 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus antibody prevalence in hiv-1-infected individuals attending a sexual health clinic in south-east london. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) are both retroviruses with similar routes of transmission. a number of reports suggest variable clinical outcomes in hiv and htlv co-infected individuals. there is no published information regarding the prevalence of hiv and htlv co-infection in the uk. we therefore carried out an unlinked anonymised retrospective study to investigate the prevalence of htlv co-infection in hiv infected patients attending a sexual healt ... | 2005 | 15834880 |
| immunomonitoring of renal transplant recipients in the early posttransplant period by sequential analysis of chemokine and chemokine receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | we sought to determine whether sequential changes in chemokine ligand/receptor gene expression in the early posttransplant period of human renal allografts can be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and whether any such changes are predictive of clinical events. | 2005 | 15848520 |
| a new hla-a allele, hla-a*6824, identified in three unrelated individuals. | a novel allele, human leukocyte antigen (hla)-a*6824, has been identified in three unrelated individuals of northwestern european origin in a period of less than 4 months, implying that this allele may be quite common in this population. hla-a*6824 differs from a*680102 by a single nucleotide change at position 275 in exon 2, which results in a conservative amino acid substitution from lysine to arginine in the peptide-binding groove at codon 68. | 2005 | 15853904 |
| identification of vehicle design requirements for older drivers. | the proportion of older people in the population is rising, as is the proportion of older women driving licence holders. the needs and abilities of older drivers therefore need to be considered in vehicle design. following some initial focus groups an extensive nation-wide postal survey was conducted to ascertain the type and degree of problems associated with automotive design for older drivers and to guide further research into the most appropriate areas. over a thousand questionnaires were re ... | 2005 | 15854568 |
| respiratory illness associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to estimate excess morbidity during periods of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) activity. | 2005 | 15855178 |
| psychological services for people with stroke: compliance with the u.k. national clinical guidelines. | the uk national clinical guidelines for stroke (2000) include recommendations on psychological services. the third national sentinel audit of stroke was completed in 2001-2002. | 2005 | 15859533 |
| the european convention and mental health law in england and wales: moving beyond process? | | 2005 | 15862870 |
| genotypic analysis of the earliest known prehistoric case of tuberculosis in britain. | the earliest known case of human tuberculosis in britain dates to the middle period of the iron age, approximately 2,200 years before present. bone lesions on the spine of a male skeleton excavated at tarrant hinton in dorset, united kingdom, show evidence of pott's disease and are supported by molecular evidence of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex dna amplified by is6110 pcr (19). in the present study, we used a further series of sensitive pcr methods to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis ... | 2005 | 15872248 |
| characterization of ampc-mediated resistance in clinical salmonella isolates recovered from humans during the period 1992 to 2003 in england and wales. | the increase in ampc-mediated resistance in salmonellae constitutes a serious public health concern, since these enzymes confer resistance to a wide range of beta-lactams. one hundred six isolates were selected from 278,308 salmonella isolates based on resistance to ampicillin and cephalosporins and were subjected to further characterization. nine isolates had a cefoxitin inhibition diameter < or = 17 mm and were proven to be ampc positive by multiplex pcr. sequence analysis revealed the presenc ... | 2005 | 15872253 |
| a large norwegian family with inherited malignant melanoma, multiple atypical nevi, and cdk4 mutation. | mutations in two loci encoding cell-cycle-regulatory proteins have been shown to cause familial malignant melanoma. about 20% of melanoma-prone families bear a mutation in the cdkn2a locus, which encodes two unrelated proteins, p16ink4a and p14arf. mutations in the other locus, cdk4, are much rarer and have been linked to the disease in only three families worldwide. in the 1960s, a large norwegian pedigree with multiple atypical nevi and malignant melanomas was identified. subsequently, six gen ... | 2005 | 15880589 |
| darwinian criminality theory: a tragic chapter in history. | darwinists once believed that individual human beings occasionally reverted, both physically and mentally, to a prehuman stage of evolutionary development. this person was called an atavistic criminal type. as a result of this belief, the focus in darwinian criminology was on identifying the criminal type who should be imprisoned permanently to protect society, even if the particular offense committed was minor. conversely, if a "non-criminal type" committed even a serious offense, it was an abe ... | 2005 | 15889340 |
| the negative effect of red tape on research. | to describe the kind of the difficulties encountered when seeking research governance approval for a nationwide public health and genetic study-the drug-induced arrhythmia risk evaluation study-in england. | 2005 | 15892170 |
| cdx1 is an important molecular mediator of barrett's metaplasia. | the molecular pathogenesis of barrett's metaplasia (bm) of the esophagus is poorly understood. the change to an intestinal phenotype occurs on a background of esophagitis due to refluxing acid and bile. cdx1, an important regulator of normal intestinal development, was studied as a potential key molecule in the pathogenesis of bm. cdx1 mrna and protein were universally expressed in all samples of bm tested but not in normal esophageal squamous or gastric body epithelia. this tissue-specific expr ... | 2005 | 15894614 |
| patient safety: do nursing and medical curricula address this theme? | in this literature review, we examine to what extent patient safety is addressed within medical and nursing curricula. patient safety is the foundation of healthcare practice and education both in the uk and internationally. recent research and policy initiatives have highlighted this issue. the paper highlights the significance of this topic as an aspect of study in its own right by examining not only the fiscal but also the human costs such events invite. in the united kingdom patient safety i ... | 2005 | 15896418 |
| ethnicity and the need for correction of biochemical and ultrasound markers of chromosomal anomalies in the first trimester: a study of oriental, asian and afro-caribbean populations. | to assess whether there is a need to correct first-trimester biochemical markers (free beta-hcg and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a (papp-a)) or first-trimester fetal nuchal translucency thickness (nt) in different ethnic groups, when screening for downs syndrome at 11-14 weeks of gestation. | 2005 | 15906426 |
| a tiered risk-based approach for predicting diffuse and point source phosphorus losses in agricultural areas. | implementation of the european union water framework directive requires an assessment of the pressures from human activity, which, combined with information on the sensitivity of the receiving waterbody to the pressures, will identify those water bodies at risk of failing to meet the directive's environmental objectives. part of the process of undertaking the risk assessment for lakes is an assessment of diffuse agricultural phosphorus (p) pressures. three approaches of increasing sophistication ... | 2005 | 15907520 |
| estimating time and out-of-pocket costs incurred by families attending a pediatric cochlear implant programme. | the objectives of this study are to estimate time and out-of-pocket costs incurred by families attending a pediatric cochlear implant programme. in addition, qualitative data examine the intangible costs faced by families. | 2005 | 15911011 |
| comparative genomics of helicobacter pylori isolates recovered from ulcer disease patients in england. | genomic diversity of h. pylori from many different human populations is largely unknown. we compared genomes of 65 h. pylori strains from nottingham, england. molecular analysis was carried out to identify rearrangements within and outside the cag-pathogenicity-island (cag pai) and dna sequence divergence in candidate genes. phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on various high-resolution genotyping techniques. | 2005 | 15916705 |
| do clinical trials improve quality of care? a comparison of clinical processes and outcomes in patients in a clinical trial and similar patients outside a trial where both groups are managed according to a strict protocol. | the conventional view that participants in randomised controlled trials sacrifice themselves for the good of future patients is challenged by increasing evidence to suggest that individual patients benefit from participation in trials. | 2005 | 15933313 |
| psa testing for prostate cancer: an online survey of the views and reported practice of general practitioners in the uk. | the role of prostate specific antigen (psa) testing in the early detection of prostate cancer is controversial. current uk policy stipulates that any man who wishes to have a psa test should have access to the test, provided he has been given full information about the benefits and limitations of testing. this study aimed to determine uk gps' current reported practice regarding psa testing, and their views towards informed decision-making and psa testing. | 2005 | 15946386 |
| mortality in children from influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. | to quantify mortality attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children. | 2005 | 15965143 |
| prospective first-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in 30,564 pregnancies. | this study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of a 1-stop clinic for first-trimester assessment of risk (oscar) for trisomy 21 by a combination of maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency (nt) thickness, and maternal serum-free ss- human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a (papp-a). | 2005 | 15970804 |
| the impact of high risk human papillomavirus testing in an inner london colposcopy clinic. | this is an audit of a new technique to improve the colposcopy service. samples were tested for high risk hpv dna using digene hybrid capture ii. sixty-four percent of the sampled women under 30 had detectable high risk hpv dna, decreasing to 44% in 30--39 year olds and to 27% in women over 40. high risk hpv prevalence increased with severity of cytology, although 22% with normal colposcopy had detectable high risk hpv. of those women treated for cervical dysplasia, 83% had detectable high risk h ... | 2005 | 15977240 |
| short and medium chain length chlorinated paraffins in uk human milk fat. | chlorinated paraffins (also called polychlorinated n-alkanes -- pcas) are a class of industrial chemicals comprising chlorinated straight chain hydrocarbons. they have a wide range of applications and are now found in a range of environmental compartments. we analysed a total of 25 human milk-fat samples, donated by 18 individuals from the urban london and more rural lancaster areas in the uk, for short chain pcas (c(10)-c(13) spcas) and medium chain pcas (c(14)-c(17) mpcas), using gas chromatog ... | 2006 | 15979717 |
| an empirical test of the kin selection hypothesis for male homosexuality. | the current investigation, following bobrow and bailey (2001), aimed to test the kin selection theory of homosexuality in human males using a survey design. a total of 60 heterosexual and 60 homosexual men from england completed items measuring psychological and behavioral indices of "special design" as predicted by adaptation due to kin selection. there were no significant differences between heterosexual and homosexual men in general familial affinity, generous feelings (willingness to provide ... | 2005 | 16010468 |
| human rights or human responsibilities? remembering florence nightingale. | | 2001 | 16010912 |
| the middlesex university rehabilitation robot. | this paper describes the development of an electrically powered wheelchair-mounted manipulator for use by severely disabled persons. a detailed review is given explaining the specification. it describes the construction of the device and its control architecture. the prototype robot used several gesture recognition and other input systems. the system has been tested on disabled and non-disabled users. they observed that it was easy to use but about 50% slower than comparable systems before desig ... | 2005 | 16012066 |
| knowledge of cervical cancer and screening among women in east-central england. | this study assesses the extent and accuracy of women's knowledge of cervical cancer, risk factors, and the efficacy of the national screening program. data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of randomly selected women eligible for screening, drawn from a population in east-central england. the majority of women in the sample overestimated the current incidence of cervical cancer, both absolutely and relative to other cancers. perceiving incidence to be high was associated with reporting w ... | 2005 | 16014118 |
| law and regulation of retained organs: the ethical issues. | organ retention has been with us for millennia. walk into virtually any cathedral and many a church in europe and you will find an array of retained organs or tissue, allegedly originally the property of assorted saints, or even of god, and almost certainly collected without proper informed consent and retained in less than secure conditions. in our own time the complexities of organ collection, retention and use have proliferated. the events at alder hey children's hospital and the debates abou ... | 2002 | 16032790 |
| medical information, confidentiality and a child's right to privacy. | following the gillick case in 1986, it was recognised that mature minors were owed a duty of confidentiality in respect of their medical information. subsequent cases confirmed that the duty was also owed to non-competent children, including infants, but without explaining the basis for finding the existence of such a duty and its scope. it is particularly unclear when and upon what legal basis a doctor could disclose information to parents when their child wished to keep it confidential. this p ... | 2003 | 16032791 |
| perceptions of the impact of depression and anxiety and the medication for these conditions on safety in the workplace. | the number of people taking prescribed medication for anxiety and depression has increased greatly, but little is known of how this medication impacts on safety at work. | 2005 | 16046606 |
| proposed sheffield quantitative criteria in cervical cytology to assist the grading of squamous cell dyskaryosis, as the british society for clinical cytology definitions require amendment. | in 1986, the british society for clinical cytology (bscc) published quantitative criteria to assist diagnosis in a three-tier grading system of squamous cell dyskaryosis. in dyskaryotic cells, area nuclear to cytoplasmic (nc) ratios below 50%, between 50% and 66% and over 66% were defined as equating with mild, moderate and severe grades respectively. following the terminology conference in 2002, however, the bscc recommended on their website that the three-tier model should be replaced by a new ... | 2005 | 16048504 |
| language-specific effects on number computation in toddlers. | a fundamental question in developmental science is how brains with and without language compute numbers. measuring young children's verbal reactions in france (paris) and in england (oxford), here we show that, although there is a general arithmetic ability for small numbers that is shared by monkeys and preverbal infants, the development of such initial knowledge in humans follows specific performance patterns, depending on what language the children speak. | 2005 | 16048514 |
| truly a triumph of the human spirit. brian belle-fortune--a voice from children's nursing. | | 2005 | 16052935 |
| georg händel (1622-97): the barber-surgeon father of george frideric handel (1685-1759). | george frideric handel was born in halle (saale) in germany. after initial musical education in germany and italy, he came to london as a young man and spent the rest of his life in england. until recently, little has been written of his early life in either the english or the german literature, and it is not widely known that he was the son of georg händel, a barber-surgeon of repute. when his father's name is mentioned, it is usually to claim that he actively discouraged his son's musical educ ... | 2005 | 16059526 |
| the personality and health of king henry viii (1491-1547). | the projection of henry viii in the first half of his reign, which began in 1509, is of a magnificent and accomplished 'imperial prince', the possessor of superb physical health. in 1528, when aged 37, he showed a marked change in personality due, it is here argued, to depressive illness, from which he recovered by the mid-1530s. such ill health has not been recognized previously and it engenders a need for a reassessment of his character and actions during these years of illness. he did not suf ... | 2005 | 16059531 |
| the epidemiology of genital infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in genitourinary medicine attendees in inner london. | to characterise the epidemiological and clinical features of genital herpes and the diagnostic role of hsv-2 specific serology in an ethnically diverse cohort of genitourinary medicine (gum) attendees in inner london. | 2005 | 16061536 |
| national survey of diagnostic services for genital herpes. | to investigate the provision of diagnostic services for genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection in the united kingdom. | 2005 | 16061538 |
| max perutz: chemist, molecular biologist, human rights activist. | tribute paid to max perutz prior to the max perutz memorial lecture given by professor sari nusseibeh at the international human rights network of academics and scholarly societies, royal society, london, 19 may 2005. | 2005 | 16075065 |
| interlaboratory standardization of the measurement of serum bactericidal activity by using human complement against meningococcal serogroup b, strain 44/76-sl, before and after vaccination with the norwegian menbvac outer membrane vesicle vaccine. | there is currently no standardized serum bactericidal antibody (sba) assay for evaluating immune responses to meningococcal outer membrane vesicle or protein vaccines. four laboratories, manchester health protection agency (mc hpa), new zealand institute of environmental science and research limited (nz esr), norwegian institute of public health (niph), and chiron vaccines (chiron), measured sba titers in the same panel of human sera (n=76) from laboratory staff (n=21) vaccinated with menbvac. b ... | 2005 | 16085915 |
| sir archibald garrod and alkaptonuria -'story of metabolic genetics'. | clinical disorders have intrigued the human mind for thousands of years. many are enshrined in history as 'medical curiosities'. this report is a tribute to one of the greatest minds of modern genetics and medicine, sir archibald edward garrod (1857--1936), who brought forward the scientific study of inborn errors of metabolism. garrod's concept of 'chemical individuality' with no awareness of 'genes' more than 100 years ago is an amazing example of futuristic thinking. his own words reflect thi ... | 2005 | 16098007 |
| patient-centred improvements in health-care built environments: perspectives and design indicators. | to explore patients' perceptions of health-care built environments, to assess how they perceived health-care built facilities and designs. to develop a set of patient-centred indicators by which to appraise future health-care designs. | 2005 | 16098156 |
| quality of life assessment of growth hormone deficiency in adults (qol-aghda): comparison of normative reference data for the general population of england and wales with results for adult hypopituitary patients with growth hormone deficiency. | age- and gender-specific reference values for the quality of life (qol) measures used in assessing the impact of growth hormone deficiency (ghd) are important. the objective of this study was to develop such data for the qol-aghda instrument for the population of england and wales and to demonstrate the qol deficit in patients with ghd. | 2005 | 16103683 |
| use of nonviral vectors for cystic fibrosis gene therapy. | over the last decade, three groups within the united kingdom (edinburgh, oxford, and imperial college, london) have undertaken key studies in the development of clinical gene therapy for cystic fibrosis. in 2001, catalyzed by the cystic fibrosis trust, these groups came together to form the united kingdom cystic fibrosis gene therapy consortium. the consortium has removed duplication and competition, developed core facilities playing to the respective strengths of the centers, and introduced the ... | 2004 | 16113449 |
| bournewood--the future. | the recent ruling on the bournewood case by the european court of human rights could have serious implications for health and social services. we have summarised the pathway that has been followed in reaching this outcome and sought to examine the possible adverse consequences of this ruling, both for the health service and for the people whom we seek to treat. finally, we have also examined ways in which the mental capacity bill and draft mental health bill could possibly provide solutions to t ... | 2005 | 16117279 |
| card15 polymorphisms in behçet's disease. | behçet's disease (bd) is a chronic multi-system inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology, which shares many features of the inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds). card15 has recently been identified as the first susceptibility gene in crohn's disease (cd). | 2005 | 16134731 |
| quality of service provision assessment in the healthcare information and telecommunications infrastructures. | the continuous increase in the complexity and the heterogeneity of corporate and healthcare telecommunications infrastructures will require new assessment methods of quality of service (qos) provision that are capable of addressing all engineering and social issues with much faster speeds. speed and accessibility to any information at any time from anywhere will create global communications infrastructures with great performance bottlenecks that may put in danger human lives, power supplies, nat ... | 2006 | 16137920 |
| bristol study should be retracted. | | 1991 | 16144142 |
| gene therapy: no new ethical issues. | this letter was drafted as a result of a dayschool sponsored by the human reproduction study group of the british sociological association. the meeting considered the findings of the report of the committee on the ethics of gene therapy, the clothier report (see bulletin 75). held at manchester town hall on 9th may, the meeting was attended by participants representing various professions and academic disciplines. | 1992 | 16144145 |
| judges support doctors' decision to stop treating dying man. | | 2005 | 16150761 |
| resistance among escherichia coli to sulphonamides and other antimicrobials now little used in man. | we investigated whether sulphonamide resistance in escherichia coli remained prevalent in 2004, 9 years since the formal introduction of a uk prescribing restriction on co-trimoxazole. resistance to other agents no longer in common use was also examined. | 2005 | 16150859 |
| tracing the phylogeography of human populations in britain based on 4th-11th century mtdna genotypes. | some of the transitional periods of britain during the first millennium a.d. are traditionally associated with the movement of people from continental europe, composed largely of invading armies (e.g., the roman, saxon, and viking invasions). however, the extent to which these were migrations (as opposed to cultural exchange) remains controversial. we investigated the history of migration by women by amplifying mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from ancient britons who lived between approximately a.d. 3 ... | 2006 | 16151183 |
| social adversity, the serotonin transporter (5-httlpr) polymorphism and major depressive disorder. | recent evidence has suggested that the short allele of the serotonin transporter (5-htt) gene-linked polymorphic region (5-httlpr of the human serotonin gene [slc6a4]) is associated with increased risk of depressive disorder but only among individuals exposed to social adversity. we report an investigation designed to replicate this finding. | 2006 | 16154545 |
| admiral lord nelson's death: known and unknown--a historical review of the anatomy. | reviewing documents about lord admiral nelson's wound inflicted at the battle of trafalgar and studying the collected data in connection with ballistics and human anatomy. | 2005 | 16158073 |
| survey of dermatophytes on clinically normal cats in the southeast of england. | to report the incidence of dermatophytes on the hair coat of asymptomatic cats in the southeast of england. asymptomatic cats are often blamed for transmission of dermatophytes between animals and humans. this study may help to clarify whether cats are responsible for the increase in fungal infections among the human population. | 2005 | 16167594 |
| national survey of working life in public health after 'shifting the balance of power': results of first survey. | 'shifting the balance of power' restructured public health in england by abolishing district health authorities and relocating public health in primary care trusts (pcts). concern at the time was focused on whether there would be adequate human and other resources available to achieve the expanded public health agenda. a survey was conducted to explore these issues. | 2005 | 16169566 |
| entry screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) or influenza: policy evaluation. | | 2005 | 16176938 |
| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with reading disabilities: preliminary genetic findings on the involvement of the adra2a gene. | attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) and reading disability (rd) tend to co-occur and quantitative genetic studies have shown this to arise primarily through shared genetic influences. however, molecular genetic studies have shown different genes to be associated with each of these conditions. neurobiological studies have implicated noradrenergic function in the aetiology of adhd that is comorbid with rd. this paper examines the neurobiological evidence and presents preliminary testin ... | 2005 | 16178932 |
| modelling the impact of an influenza pandemic on critical care services in england. | the uk influenza pandemic contingency plan does not consider the impact of a pandemic on critical care services. we modelled the demand for critical care beds in england with software developed by the centers for disease control (flusurge 1.0), using a range of attack rates and pandemic durations. using inputs that have been employed in uk department of health scenarios (25% attack rate and 8-week pandemic duration) resulted in a demand for ventilatory support that exceeded 200% of present capac ... | 2005 | 16179037 |
| foodborne general outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection, england and wales, 1992-2002: where are the risks? | foodborne outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) infection (n=497), reported to the health protection agency communicable disease surveillance centre between 1992 and 2002, were compared with other pathogens (n=1148) to determine factors (season, setting, food vehicles, food safety faults) associated with this pathogen. logistic regression was applied to control for potential confounding. foodborne general outbreaks of s. enteritidis pt4 infection were more likel ... | 2005 | 16181497 |
| driver performance modelling and its practical application to railway safety. | this paper reports on the development and main features of a model of driver information processing. the work was conducted on behalf of network rail to meet a requirement to understand and manage the driver's interaction with the infrastructure through lineside reminder appliances. the model utilises cognitive theory and modelling techniques to describe driver performance in relation to infrastructure features and operational conditions. the model is capable of predicting the performance time, ... | 2005 | 16182232 |
| the effects of a genetic information leaflet on public attitudes towards genetic testing. | genetics opinion surveys often include information to ensure that respondents have sufficient understanding to give informed responses. the information is assumed to be neutral but may skew responses. we assessed the impact of a seemingly "neutral" information leaflet on attitudes towards genetic testing among 1,024 survey respondents, half of whom received the leaflet. the leaflet group reported higher levels of subjective understanding of genetic testing (68 percent vs. 53 percent), were mre i ... | 2005 | 16193613 |
| genomic approaches reveal unexpected genetic divergence within ciona intestinalis. | the invertebrate chordate ciona intestinalis is a widely used model organism in biological research. individuals from waters ranging from arctic to temperate are morphologically almost indistinguishable. however, we found significant differences in whole genomic dna sequence between northern european and pacific c. intestinalis. intronic and transposon sequences often appear unrelated between these geographic origins and amino acid substitutions in protein coding sequences indicate a divergence ... | 2005 | 16205978 |
| influenza vaccine uptake and distribution in england and wales using data from the general practice research database, 1989/90-2003/04. | routinely collected data from patients registered with general practices participating in the general practice research database (gprd) were used to analyse influenza vaccine uptake and distribution in england and wales between 1989/90 and 1996/97. major changes to influenza immunization policy were introduced in 1998 and 2000 when immunization of the elderly became age related rather than risk related. this new study examines trends in vaccine uptake for high- and low-risk patients and the impa ... | 2005 | 16207735 |
| "the purple island" of phineas fletcher: allusions to the anatomy of the human body in english poetry up to the end of the seventeenth century. | the bible declared that god created man in his own image. the concept that this divine pattern occurred not only in man (the microcosm), but was eternally repeated throughout creation in the macrocosm (universe) and the geocosm (earth), was the basis of the important doctrine of correspondences, in which similarities were sought between man and nature, (e.g. the comparable morphology of a human brain and a walnut). this article outlines the relevance of this concept in early herbal medicine. con ... | 2005 | 16208854 |
| psychosocial effects of the 2001 uk foot and mouth disease epidemic in a rural population: qualitative diary based study. | to understand the health and social consequences of the 2001 foot and mouth disease epidemic for a rural population. | 2005 | 16214809 |
| the morality of the separation of the conjoined attard twins of manchester. | i argue that the separation of the conjoined attard twins of manchester was not morally justified as it involved intentionally internally affecting ("invading") the body of the weaker twin without permission and without any advantage to her. | 2005 | 16223208 |
| near miss incidents in police custody suites in london in 2003: a feasibility study. | potentially preventable deaths in police custody include those which involve illicit drugs, alcohol and deliberate self-harm. near miss incidents (nmi) that did not result in death have a crucial role in understanding risk factors in custody. such research has not previously been undertaken. a program of research has been developed to study nmi, in order to better identify those at risk in police custody. for the purposes of this research, nmi have been defined as 'an unplanned and unforeseeable ... | 2006 | 16226047 |
| recurrences of free trisomy 21: analysis of data from the national down syndrome cytogenetic register. | to determine the recurrence risk of a free trisomy 21 pregnancy. | 2005 | 16231400 |
| health professionals, their medical interventions and uncertainty: a study focusing on women at midlife. | health professionals face a tension between focusing on the individual and attending to health issues for the population as a whole. this tension is intrinsic to medicine and gives rise to medical uncertainty, which here is explored through accounts of three medical interventions focused on women at midlife: breast screening, hormone replacement therapy and bone densitometry. the accounts come from interviews with uk health professionals using these medical interventions in their daily work. dra ... | 2006 | 16233942 |