| from hospitalization records to surveillance: the use of local patient profiles to characterize cholera in vellore, india. | despite availability of high quality medical records, health care systems often do not have the resources or tools to utilize these data efficiently. yet, hospital-based, laboratory-confirmed records may pave the way for building reliable surveillance systems capable of monitoring temporal trends of emerging infections. in this communication, we present a new tool to compress and visualize medical records with a local population profile (lpp) approach, which transforms information into statistic ... | 2017 | 28820902 |
| molecular epidemiology of cholera outbreaks during the rainy season in mandalay, myanmar. | cholera, caused by vibrio cholerae, remains a global threat to public health. in myanmar, the availability of published information on the occurrence of the disease is scarce. we report here that cholera incidence in mandalay generally exhibited a single annual peak, with an annual average of 312 patients with severe dehydration over the past 5 years (since 2011) and was closely associated with the rainy season. we analyzed cholera outbreaks, characterized 67 isolates of v. cholerae serogroup o1 ... | 2017 | 28820711 |
| large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana. | a nationwide outbreak of vibrio cholerae occurred in ghana in 2014 with accra, the nation's capital as the epi-center. the outbreak spread to the brong ahafo region (bar) which is geographically located in the middle of the country. in this region a review of data collected during the outbreak was carried out and analyzed descriptively to determine the hot spots and make recommendations for effective response to future outbreaks. | 2017 | 28797285 |
| rational design of artificial dye-decolorizing peroxidases using myoglobin by engineering tyr/trp in the heme center. | the rational design of metalloenzymes provides advantages not only for illustrating the structure and function relationship of native enzymes, but also for creating functional artificial enzymes comparable to native enzymes. dye-decolorizing peroxidases (dyps) are a new family of heme peroxidases and have received much attention recently. inspired by the structural features of native dyps with multiple tyr and trp residues, we herein aimed to design functional artificial dyps using myoglobin (mb ... | 2017 | 28795725 |
| antibiotics resistance in el tor vibrio cholerae 01 isolated during cholera outbreaks in mozambique from 2012 to 2015. | mozambique has recorded cyclically epidemic outbreaks of cholera. antibiotic therapy is recommended in specific situations for management and control of cholera outbreaks. however, an increase in resistance rates to antibiotics by vibrio cholerae has been reported in several epidemic outbreaks worldwide. on the other hand, there are few recent records of continuous surveillance of antibiotics susceptibility pattern of v. cholerae in mozambique. | 2017 | 28792540 |
| murb as a target in an alternative approach to tackle the vibrio cholerae resistance using molecular docking and simulation study. | cholera is a serious threat to a large population in the under developed countries. though oral rehydration therapy is the preferred choice of treatment, the use of antibiotics could reduce the microbial load in the case of severity. the use of antibiotics is also sought in the scenarios where there is problem with access to clean water. however, vibrio cholera strains have developed resistance to antibiotics such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, erythromycin and tetracy ... | 2017 | 28786497 |
| selection of affinity peptides for interference-free detection of cholera toxin. | cholera toxin is a major virulent agent of vibrio cholerae, and it can rapidly lead to severe dehydration, shock, causing death within hours without appropriate clinical treatments. in this study, we present a method wherein unique and short peptides that bind to cholera toxin subunit b (ctx-b) were selected through m13 phage display. biopanning over recombinant ctx-b led to rapid screening of a unique peptide with an amino acid sequence of vqcrlgppwcak, and the phage-displayed peptides analyzed ... | 2017 | 28780344 |
| ultrasensitive biosensor for the detection of vibrio cholerae dna with polystyrene-co-acrylic acid composite nanospheres. | an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for the determination of pathogenic vibrio cholerae (v. cholerae) dna was developed based on polystyrene-co-acrylic acid (psa) latex nanospheres-gold nanoparticles composite (psa-aunps) dna carrier matrix. differential pulse voltammetry (dpv) using an electroactive anthraquninone oligonucleotide label was used for measuring the biosensor response. loading of gold nanoparticles (aunps) on the dna-latex particle electrode has significantly amplified the ... | 2017 | 28774152 |
| structural dynamics of rbma governs plasticity of vibrio cholerae biofilms. | biofilm formation is critical for the infection cycle of vibrio cholerae. vibrio exopolysaccharides (vps) and the matrix proteins rbma, bap1 and rbmc are required for the development of biofilm architecture. we demonstrate that rbma binds vps directly and uses a binary structural switch within its first fibronectin type iii (fniii-1) domain to control rbma structural dynamics and the formation of vps-dependent higher-order structures. the structural switch in fniii-1 regulates interactions in tr ... | 2017 | 28762945 |
| low doses of cholera toxin and its mediator camp induce ctla-2 secretion by dendritic cells to enhance regulatory t cell conversion. | immature or semi-mature dendritic cells (dcs) represent tolerogenic maturation stages that can convert naive t cells into foxp3+ induced regulatory t cells (itreg). here we found that murine bone marrow-derived dcs (bm-dcs) treated with cholera toxin (ct) matured by up-regulating mhc-ii and costimulatory molecules using either high or low doses of ct (cthi, ctlo) or with camp, a known mediator ct signals. however, all three conditions also induced mrna of both isoforms of the tolerogenic molecul ... | 2017 | 28759565 |
| systematic genetic dissection of chitin degradation and uptake in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a natural resident of the aquatic environment, where a common nutrient is the chitinous exoskeletons of microscopic crustaceans. chitin utilization requires chitinases, which degrade this insoluble polymer into soluble chitin oligosaccharides. these oligosaccharides also serve as an inducing cue for natural transformation in vibrio species. there are 7 predicted endochitinase-like genes in the v. cholerae genome. here, we systematically dissect the contribution of each gene to ... | 2017 | 28752963 |
| transmission dynamics of cholera in yemen, 2017: a real time forecasting. | a large epidemic of cholera, caused by vibrio cholerae, serotype ogawa, has been ongoing in yemen, 2017. to improve the situation awareness, the present study aimed to forecast the cholera epidemic, explicitly addressing the reporting delay and ascertainment bias. | 2017 | 28747188 |
| horizontal gene transfer of functional type vi killing genes by natural transformation. | horizontal gene transfer (hgt) can have profound effects on bacterial evolution by allowing individuals to rapidly acquire adaptive traits that shape their strategies for competition. one strategy for intermicrobial antagonism often used by proteobacteria is the genetically encoded contact-dependent type vi secretion system (t6ss), a weapon used to kill heteroclonal neighbors by direct injection of toxic effectors. here, we experimentally demonstrate that vibrio cholerae can acquire new t6ss eff ... | 2017 | 28743812 |
| growth arrest and a persister state enable resistance to osmotic shock and facilitate dissemination of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a water-borne bacterial pathogen and causative agent of cholera. although v. cholerae is a halophile, it can survive in fresh water, and this has a major role in cholera epidemics through consumption of contaminated water and subsequent fecal-oral spread. after dissemination from humans back into fresh water, v. cholerae encounters limited nutrient availability and an abrupt drop in conductivity but little is known about how v. cholerae adapts to, and survives in this environm ... | 2017 | 28742070 |
| household and individual risk factors for cholera among cholera vaccine recipients in rural haiti. | oral cholera vaccination was used as part of cholera control in haiti, but the vaccine does not provide complete protection. we conducted secondary data analyses of a vaccine effectiveness study in haiti to evaluate risk factors for cholera among cholera vaccine recipients. individuals vaccinated against cholera that presented with acute watery diarrhea and had a stool sample positive for vibrio cholerae o1 were included as cases. up to four vaccinated individuals who did not present for treatme ... | 2017 | 28722575 |
| a prolonged, community-wide cholera outbreak associated with drinking water contaminated by sewage in kasese district, western uganda. | in may 2015, a cholera outbreak that had lasted 3 months and infected over 100 people was reported in kasese district, uganda, where multiple cholera outbreaks had occurred previously. we conducted an investigation to identify the mode of transmission to guide control measures. | 2017 | 28720083 |
| risk factors for household transmission of vibrio cholerae in dhaka, bangladesh (chobi7 trial). | abstracthousehold contacts of cholera patients are at a 100 times higher risk of a vibrio cholerae infection than the general population. to examine risk factors for v. cholerae infections and investigate intervention strategies among this population, we followed household contacts of cholera patients for the 1-week high-risk period after the index patient obtained care. this study was nested within a randomized controlled trial of the cholera-hospital-based-intervention-for-7-days (chobi7), a h ... | 2017 | 28719281 |
| retrospective genomic analysis of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains from different places in india reveals the presence of ctxb-7 allele found in haitian isolates. | a total of 45 strains of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated from 10 different places in india where they were associated with cases of cholera between the years 2007 and 2008 were examined by molecular methods. with the help of phenotypic and genotypic tests the strains were confirmed to be o1 el tor biotype strains with classical ctxb gene. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis by double - mismatch amplification mutation assay pcr showed 16 of these strains carried the ctxb-7 allele reported in hai ... | 2017 | 28712383 |
| the type vi secretion system sheath assembles at the end distal from the membrane anchor. | the bacterial type vi secretion system (t6ss) delivers proteins into target cells using fast contraction of a long sheath anchored to the cell envelope and wrapped around an inner hcp tube associated with the secreted proteins. mechanisms of sheath assembly and length regulation are unclear. here we study these processes using spheroplasts formed from ampicillin-treated vibrio cholerae. we show that spheroplasts secrete hcp and deliver t6ss substrates into neighbouring cells. imaging of sheath d ... | 2017 | 28703218 |
| seed metabolome analysis of a transgenic rice line expressing cholera toxin b-subunit. | plant-based human vaccines have been actively developed in recent years, and rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the best candidate crops for their production and delivery. by expressing a modified cholera toxin b (ctb) subunit, we previously developed mucorice-ctb, a rice-based vaccine against cholera, which is caused by infection of the intestine with the bacteria vibrio cholerae. mucorice-ctb lines have been extensively characterized by whole-genome sequencing and proteome analyses to evaluate t ... | 2017 | 28701756 |
| environmental bacteriophages active on biofilms and planktonic forms of toxigenic vibrio cholerae: potential relevance in cholera epidemiology. | phages isolated from environmental waters in bangladesh were tested for their host specificity towards v. cholerae o1 and o139, and the ability to disperse v. cholerae biofilms formed in the laboratory. representative phages were further characterized by electron microscopy and whole genome sequencing. selected phages were then introduced in various combinations to biofilms of toxigenic v. cholerae added to samples of river water, and the dispersion of biofilms as well as the growth kinetics of ... | 2017 | 28700707 |
| galleria mellonella is low cost and suitable surrogate host for studying virulence of human pathogenic vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae causes a severe diarrheal disease affecting millions of people worldwide, particularly in low income countries. v. cholerae successfully persist in aquatic environment and its pathogenic strains results in sever enteric disease in humans. this dual life style contributes towards its better survival and persistence inside host gut and in the environment. alternative animal replacement models are of great value in studying host-pathogen interaction and for quick screening of variou ... | 2017 | 28698162 |
| effects of desiccation practices of cultured atlantic oysters (crassostrea virginica) on vibrio spp. in portersville bay, alabama, usa. | the expansion of off-bottom aquaculture to the gulf of mexico has raised public health concerns for human health officials. high temperatures in the gulf of mexico are associated with high levels of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. routine desiccation practices associated with off-bottom aquaculture expose oysters to ambient air, allowing vibrio spp. to proliferate in the closed oyster. currently, there is limited research on the length of time needed for vibrio spp. levels in desi ... | 2017 | 28696147 |
| the contribution of two isozymes to the pyruvate kinase activity of vibrio cholerae: one k+-dependent constitutively active and another k+-independent with essential allosteric activation. | in a previous phylogenetic study of the family of pyruvate kinase ec (2.7.1.40), a cluster with glu117 and another with lys117 were found (numbered according to the rabbit muscle enzyme). the sequences with glu117 have been found to be k+-dependent, whereas those with lys117 were k+-independent. interestingly, only γ-proteobacteria exhibit sequences in both branches of the tree. in this context, it was explored whether these phylogenetically distinct pyruvate kinases were both expressed and cont ... | 2017 | 28686591 |
| the nucleoid occlusion protein slma is a direct transcriptional activator of chitobiose utilization in vibrio cholerae. | chitin utilization by the cholera pathogen vibrio cholerae is required for its persistence and evolution via horizontal gene transfer in the marine environment. genes involved in the uptake and catabolism of the chitin disaccharide chitobiose are encoded by the chb operon. the orphan sensor kinase chis is critical for regulation of this locus, however, the mechanisms downstream of chis activation that result in expression of the chb operon are poorly understood. using an unbiased transposon muta ... | 2017 | 28683122 |
| virulence-associated factors in vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 and v. mimicus strains isolated in ornamental fish species. | during recent decades, ornamental fish have proven to be one of the fastest growing categories of pets in europe. in this framework, we evaluated both the potential pathogenic and zoonotic risks caused by 53 vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 and a vibrio mimicus strain isolated from ornamental fish species mostly originating from south-east asia countries between 2000 and 2015 in italy. all the strains were firstly identified at species level by biochemical, phylogenetic and mass spectrometry (mat ... | 2017 | 28677232 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa strains carrying the ctxb7 allele caused large cholera outbreak during 2014 in the tribal areas of odisha, india. | the large outbreak of cholera reported during july to sept, 2014 in narla block of kalahandi district was investigated to find out the causative organism. the rectal swabs collected from diarrhoea patients and environmental water samples were sub-cultured following standard techniques. the causative organism was v.cholerae o1 ogawa biotype el tor while dmama-pcr assay confirmed that all strains were ctxb7 of haitian variants v.cholerae o1. the water samples were negative for v. cholerae .the v.c ... | 2017 | 28674316 |
| cyclic di-gmp and vpsr induce the expression of type ii secretion in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a human pathogen which alternates between growth in environmental reservoirs and infection of human hosts causing severe diarrhea. the second messenger cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) mediates this transition by controlling a wide range of functions such as biofilms, virulence, and motility. here we report that c-di-gmp induces expression of the extracellular protein secretion (eps) gene cluster, which encodes the type ii secretion system (t2ss) in v. cholerae analysis of the eps gen ... | 2017 | 28674069 |
| development and evaluation of an up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral flow assay for the rapid, simultaneous detection of vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139. | vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 are etiological agents of cholera, a serious and acute diarrheal disease, and rapid detection of v. cholerae is a key method for preventing and controlling cholera epidemics. here, a point of care testing (poct) method called vch-upt-lf, which is an up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral flow (upt-lf) assay with a dual-target detection mode, was developed to detect v. cholerae o1 and o139 simultaneously from one sample loading. although applying an ... | 2017 | 28662147 |
| cellular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of flufenamic acid on chloride secretion in human intestinal epithelial cells. | intestinal cl(-) secretion is involved in the pathogenesis of secretory diarrheas including cholera. we recently demonstrated that flufenamic acid (ffa) suppressed vibrio cholerae el tor variant-induced intestinal fluid secretion via mechanisms involving ampk activation and nf-κb-suppression. the present study aimed to investigate the effect of ffa on transepithelial cl(-) secretion in human intestinal epithelial (t84) cells. ffa inhibited camp-dependent cl(-) secretion in t84 cell monolayers wi ... | 2017 | 28651800 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 with ctxb7 variant genotype acquired qnrvc mediated ciprofloxacin resistance in yavatmal, india. | the effective use of antimicrobials assumes utmost importance in curtailing increasing drug resistance and management of the cholera epidemics. in 2012, vibrio cholerae o1 variant el tor strains with haitian cholera toxin (hct) and reduced susceptible to ciprofloxacin caused a cholera outbreak in yavatmal, india. here, we report that the v. cholerae isolates of recent years in the region show acquisition of resistance to ciprofloxacin. | 2017 | 28648857 |
| cholera - management and prevention. | cholera is an acute secretory diarrhoeal infection caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae. it is likely to have originated in the indian sub-continent; however, it spread to cause six worldwide pandemics between 1817-1923. the ongoing seventh worldwide pandemic of cholera began in 1961. the intensity, duration and severity of cholera epidemics have been increasing, signaling the need for more effective control and prevention measures. the response to the cholera pandemics of the 19th century le ... | 2017 | 28646965 |
| a double-quadratic model for predicting vibrio species in water environments of japan. | vibrio spp. are natural inhabitants of marine and estuarine environments. vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus are the major infectious agents for humans. their densities are affected by environmental factors such as water temperature and salinity. the detailed contribution of each factor still remains to be elucidated. here we conducted multi-coastal study in a 21-month period to examine relationships between environmental factors and v. cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus ... | 2017 | 28646477 |
| riverbed sediments as reservoirs of multiple vibrio cholerae virulence-associated genes: a potential trigger for cholera outbreaks in developing countries. | africa remains the most cholera stricken continent in the world as many people lacking access to safe drinking water rely mostly on polluted rivers as their main water sources. however, studies in these countries investigating the presence of vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments have paid little attention to bed sediments. also, information on the presence of virulence-associated genes (vags) in environmental ctx-negative v. cholerae strains in this region is lacking. thus, we investigated th ... | 2017 | 28642796 |
| genetic diversity of environmental vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated in northern vietnam. | cholera epidemics have been recorded periodically in vietnam during the seventh cholera pandemic. since cholera is a water-borne disease, systematic monitoring of environmental waters for vibrio cholerae presence is important for predicting and preventing cholera epidemics. we conducted monitoring, isolation, and genetic characterization of v. cholerae strains in nam dinh province of northern vietnam from jul 2013 to feb 2015. in this study, four v. cholerae o1 strains were detected and isolated ... | 2017 | 28642158 |
| identification of a small molecule activator for aphb, a lysr-type virulence transcriptional regulator in vibrio cholerae. | aphb is a lysr-type transcriptional regulator (lttr) that cooperates with a second transcriptional activator, apha, at the tcpph promoter to initiate expression of the virulence cascade in vibrio cholerae. because it is not yet known whether aphb responds to a natural ligand in v. cholerae that influences its ability to activate transcription, we used a computational approach to identify small molecules that influence its activity. in silico docking was used to identify potential ligands for aph ... | 2017 | 28640592 |
| quantifying vibrio cholerae enterotoxicity in a zebrafish infection model. | vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of cholera, an acute intestinal infection in humans characterized by voluminous watery diarrhea. cholera is spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water, primarily in developing countries that lack the proper infrastructure for proper water and sewage treatment. vibrio cholerae is an aquatic bacterium that inhabits coastal and estuarine areas, and is known to have several environmental reservoirs, including fish. our laboratory has recently desc ... | 2017 | 28625997 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 strains that trace the origin of haitian-like genetic traits. | vibrio cholerae o1 is the etiological agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera. the bacterium has recently been causing outbreaks in haiti with catastrophic effects. numerous mutations have been reported in v. cholerae o1 strains associated with the haitian outbreak. these mutations encompass among other the genes encoding virulence factors such as the pilin subunit of the toxin-co-regulated pilus (tcpa), cholera toxin b subunit (ctxb), repeat in toxins (rtxa), and other genes such as the q ... | 2017 | 28625543 |
| vaxchora: a single-dose oral cholera vaccine. | to review trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of vaxchora, a reformulated, single-dose, oral, lyophilized vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr vaccine for the prevention of travel-related cholera caused by v cholerae serogroup o1. | 2017 | 28622736 |
| minimal genetic change in vibrio cholerae in mozambique over time: multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis and whole genome sequencing. | although cholera is a major public health concern in mozambique, its transmission patterns remain unknown. we surveyed the genetic relatedness of 75 vibrio cholerae isolates from patients at manhiça district hospital between 2002-2012 and 3 isolates from river using multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) and whole genome sequencing (wgs). mlva revealed 22 genotypes in two clonal complexes and four unrelated genotypes. wgs revealed i) the presence of recombination, ii) 67 isolat ... | 2017 | 28622368 |
| reaction intermediates in the heme degradation reaction by hutz from vibrio cholerae. | hutz is a heme-degrading enzyme in vibrio cholerae. it converts heme to biliverdin via verdoheme, suggesting that it follows the same reaction mechanism as that of mammalian heme oxygenase. however, none of the key intermediates have been identified. in this study, we applied steady-state and time-resolved uv-vis absorption and resonance raman spectroscopy to study the reaction of the heme-hutz complex with h2o2 or ascorbic acid. we characterized three intermediates: oxyferrous heme, meso-hydrox ... | 2017 | 28607990 |
| the two-component signal transduction system vxrab positively regulates vibrio cholerae biofilm formation. | two-component signal transduction systems (tcss), typically composed of a sensor histidine kinase (hk) and a response regulator (rr), are the primary mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria sense and respond to extracellular signals. the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae is no exception and harbors 52 rr genes. using in-frame deletion mutants of each rr gene, we performed a systematic analysis of their role in v. cholerae biofilm formation. we determined that 7 rrs impacted the expression of a ... | 2017 | 28607158 |
| laboratory techniques used to maintain and differentiate biotypes of vibrio cholerae clinical and environmental isolates. | the aquatic gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of the infectious gastrointestinal disease cholera. due to the global prevalence and severity of this disease, v. cholerae has been extensively studied in both environmental and laboratory settings, requiring proper maintenance and culturing techniques. classical and el tor are two main biotypes that compose the v. cholerae o1 serogroup, each displaying unique genotypic and phenotypic characteristics that provide reliab ... | 2017 | 28605374 |
| challenges in developing methods for quantifying the effects of weather and climate on water-associated diseases: a systematic review. | infectious diseases attributable to unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene (e.g. cholera, leptospirosis, giardiasis) remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in low-income countries. climate and weather factors are known to affect the transmission and distribution of infectious diseases and statistical and mathematical modelling are continuously developing to investigate the impact of weather and climate on water-associated diseases. there have been little critical a ... | 2017 | 28604791 |
| vibrio cholerae colonization of soft-shelled turtles. | vibrio cholerae is an important human pathogen and environmental microflora species that can both propagate in the human intestine and proliferate in zooplankton and aquatic organisms. cholera is transmitted through food and water. in recent years, outbreaks caused by v. cholerae-contaminated soft-shelled turtles, contaminated mainly with toxigenic serogroup o139, have been frequently reported, posing a new foodborne disease public health problem. in this study, the colonization by toxigenic v. ... | 2017 | 28600312 |
| dksa-hapr-rpos axis regulates haemagglutinin protease production in vibrio cholerae. | dksa acts as a co-factor for the intracellular small signalling molecule ppgpp during the stringent response. we recently reported that the expression of the haemagglutinin protease (hap), which is needed for shedding of the cholera pathogen vibrio cholerae during the late phase of infection, is significantly downregulated in v. cholerae ∆dksa mutant (∆dksavc) cells. so far, it has been shown that hap production by v. cholerae cells is critically regulated by hapr and also by rpos. here, we prov ... | 2017 | 28597815 |
| a highly specific phage defense system is a conserved feature of the vibrio cholerae mobilome. | vibrio cholerae-specific bacteriophages are common features of the microbial community during cholera infection in humans. phages impose strong selective pressure that favors the expansion of phage-resistant strains over their vulnerable counterparts. the mechanisms allowing virulent v. cholerae strains to defend against the ubiquitous threat of predatory phages have not been established. here, we show that v. cholerae ples (phage-inducible chromosomal island-like elements) are widespread genomi ... | 2017 | 28594826 |
| vibrio cholerae ensures function of host proteins required for virulence through consumption of luminal methionine sulfoxide. | vibrio cholerae is a diarrheal pathogen that induces accumulation of lipid droplets in enterocytes, leading to lethal infection of the model host drosophila melanogaster. through untargeted lipidomics, we provide evidence that this process is the product of a host phospholipid degradation cascade that induces lipid droplet coalescence in enterocytes. this infection-induced cascade is inhibited by mutation of the v. cholerae glycine cleavage system due to intestinal accumulation of methionine sul ... | 2017 | 28586382 |
| development and validation of a novel real-time assay for the detection and quantification of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 has been known for its ability to cause epidemics. these strains produce cholera toxin which is the main cause of secretory diarrhea. v. cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 strains are also capable of causing gastroenteritis as well as septicemia and peritonitis. it has been proven that virulence factors such as t6ss, hapa, rtxa, and hlya are present in almost all v. cholerae strains. it is imperative that viable but non-culturable cells of v. cholerae are also detected sinc ... | 2017 | 28580353 |
| effect of dietary minerals on virulence attributes of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a water-borne pathogen responsible for causing a toxin-mediated profuse diarrhea in humans, leading to severe dehydration and death in unattended patients. with increasing reports of antibiotic resistance in v. cholerae, there is a need for alternate interventional strategies for controlling cholera. a potential new strategy for treating infectious diseases involves targeting bacterial virulence rather than growth, where a pathogen's specific mechanisms critical for causing in ... | 2017 | 28579983 |
| environmental vibrio cholerae non o1/ non o139 from the gangetic delta: a diarrhoeal disease purview. | diarrhoea still remains an unsolved enigma in developing countries, a major concern for the health planners. we targeted the abundance and toxicity of vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 (novc) in gangetic riverine-estuarine ecosystem. a total of 74 v. cholerae were isolated from 120 water samples (68 novc, 6 v. cholerae o1) from two sampling sites off river ganges. v. cholerae showed distinct seasonality, with steady increase from summer to monsoon, steep ascent in post-monsoon and an abrupt declin ... | 2017 | 28574285 |
| inhibition of the α-carbonic anhydrase from vibrio cholerae with amides and sulfonamides incorporating imidazole moieties. | we discovered novel and selective sulfonamides/amides acting as inhibitors of the α-carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) from the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae (vchca). this gram-negative bacterium is the causative agent of cholera and colonises the upper small intestine where sodium bicarbonate is present at a high concentration. the secondary sulfonamides and amides investigated here were potent, low nanomolar vchca inhibitors whereas their inhibition of the human cytosolic isoforms ca i ... | 2017 | 28569564 |
| identification of atypical el torv. cholerae o1 ogawa hosting sxt element in senegal, africa. | vibrio cholerae o1 is the causative agent of cholera with classical and el tor, two well-established biotypes. in last 20 years, hybrid strains of classical and el tor and variant el tor which carry classical ctxb have emerged worldwide. in 2004-2005, senegal experienced major cholera epidemic with a number of cases totalling more than 31719 with approximately 458 fatal outcomes (cfr, 1.44%). in this retrospective study, fifty isolates out of a total of 403 v. cholerae biotype el tor serovar oga ... | 2017 | 28555129 |
| asymmetric regulation of quorum-sensing receptors drives autoinducer-specific gene expression programs in vibrio cholerae. | quorum sensing (qs) is a mechanism of chemical communication that bacteria use to monitor cell-population density and coordinate group behaviors. qs relies on the production, detection, and group-wide response to extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers. vibrio cholerae employs parallel qs circuits that converge into a shared signaling pathway. at high cell density, the cqss and luxpq qs receptors detect the intra-genus and inter-species autoinducers cai-1 and ai-2, respectively, to re ... | 2017 | 28552952 |
| complete genome sequence of lytic bacteriophage vpusm 8 against o1 el tor inaba vibrio cholerae. | the complete genome sequence of bacteriophage vpusm 8 against o1 el tor inaba vibrio cholerae is reported here. the isolated vpusm 8 has potential use in future phage therapy or as a biocontrol agent for the prevention and treatment of cholera. | 2017 | 28546472 |
| plasma and mucosal immunoglobulin m, immunoglobulin a, and immunoglobulin g responses to the vibrio cholerae o1 protein immunome in adults with cholera in bangladesh. | cholera is a severe dehydrating illness of humans caused by toxigenic strains of vibrio cholerae o1 or o139. identification of immunogenic v. cholerae antigens could lead to a better understanding of protective immunity in human cholera. | 2017 | 28535267 |
| antimicrobial resistance risks of cholera prophylaxis for united nations peacekeepers. | more than 5 years after a united nations peacekeeping battalion introduced cholera to haiti, over 150,000 peacekeepers continue to be deployed annually from countries where cholera is endemic. the united nations has thus far declined to provide antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis to peacekeepers, a policy based largely on concerns that the risks of drug resistance generation and spread would outweigh the potential benefits of preventing future cholera importations. in this study, we sought to better ... | 2017 | 28533237 |
| erratum: a vibrio cholerae autoinducer-receptor pair that controls biofilm formation. | | 2017 | 28514430 |
| the vibrio cholerae vexgh rnd efflux system maintains cellular homeostasis by effluxing vibriobactin. | resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) superfamily efflux systems have been widely studied for their role in antibiotic resistance, but their native biological functions remain poorly understood. we previously showed that loss of rnd-mediated efflux in vibrio cholerae resulted in activation of the cpx two-component regulatory system, which mediates adaptation to stress resulting from misfolded membrane proteins. here, we investigated the mechanism linking rnd-mediated efflux to the cpx response. w ... | 2017 | 28512090 |
| class enzyme-based motors for "on the fly" enantiomer analysis of amino acids. | here, two class-enzyme motors are properly designed allowing the rapid dispersion of the class-enzyme d-amino acid oxidase (dao) and l-amino acid oxidase (lao) for selective "on the fly" biodetection of d and l-amino acids (aas), respectively. the efficient movement together with the continuous release of fresh class-enzyme leads to a greatly accelerated enzymatic reaction processes without the need of external stirring or chemical and physical attachment of the enzyme. ultra-fast detection (<2m ... | 2017 | 28505561 |
| sialylation facilitates self-assembly of 3d multicellular prostaspheres by using cyclo-rgdfk(tpp) peptide. | prostaspheres-based three dimensional (3d) culture models have provided insight into prostate cancer (pca) biology, highlighting the importance of cell-cell interactions and the extracellular matrix (emc) in the tumor microenvironment. although these 3d classical spheroid platforms provide a significant advance over 2d models mimicking in vivo tumors, the limitations involve no control of assembly and structure with only limited spatial or glandular organization. here, matrix-free prostaspheres ... | 2017 | 28496342 |
| recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices for use of cholera vaccine. | cholera, caused by infection with toxigenic vibrio cholerae bacteria of serogroup o1 (>99% of global cases) or o139, is characterized by watery diarrhea that can be severe and rapidly fatal without prompt rehydration. cholera is endemic in approximately 60 countries and causes epidemics as well. globally, cholera results in an estimated 2.9 million cases of disease and 95,000 deaths annually (1). cholera is rare in the united states, and most u.s. cases occur among travelers to countries where c ... | 2017 | 28493859 |
| detection of cholera toxin by an immunochromatographic test strip. | as cholera toxin (ct) is responsible for most of the symptoms induced by vibrio cholerae o1 or o139 infection, detection of ct is an important biomarker for diagnosis of the disease. the procedure for pathogenicity analysis of v. cholerae isolates must be carefully developed for the reason that the amount of ct produced by v. cholerae varies according to the medium used and culture conditions (i.e. temperature and aeration status) applied. here we describe a reproducible rapid method for analysi ... | 2017 | 28478552 |
| bile salts and alkaline ph reciprocally modulate the interaction between the periplasmic domains of vibrio cholerae toxr and toxs. | toxr is a transmembrane transcription factor that is essential for virulence gene expression and human colonization by vibrio cholerae. toxr requires its operon partner toxs, a periplasmic integral membrane protein, for full activity. these two proteins are thought to interact through their respective periplasmic domains, toxrp and toxsp. in addition, toxr is thought to be responsive to various environmental cues, such as bile salts and alkaline ph, but how these factors influence toxr is not ye ... | 2017 | 28464377 |
| glucose-specific enzyme iia of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system modulates chitin signaling pathways in vibrio cholerae. | in vibrio cholerae, the genes required for chitin utilization and natural competence are governed by the chitin-responsive two-component system (tcs) sensor kinase chis. in the classical tcs paradigm, a sensor kinase specifically phosphorylates a cognate response regulator to activate gene expression. however, our previous genetic study suggested that chis stimulates the non-tcs transcriptional regulator tfos by using mechanisms distinct from classical phosphorylation reactions (s. yamamoto, j. ... | 2017 | 28461445 |
| determinants of severe dehydration from diarrheal disease at hospital presentation: evidence from 22 years of admissions in bangladesh. | to take advantage of emerging opportunities to reduce morbidity and mortality from diarrheal disease, we need to better understand the determinants of life-threatening severe dehydration (sd) in resource-poor settings. | 2017 | 28448489 |
| treatment with entinostat heals experimental cholera by affecting physical and chemical barrier functions of intestinal epithelia. | we have shown previously that oral treatment with sodium butyrate or phenylbutyrate in an experimental model of shigellosis improves clinical outcomes and induces the expression of the antimicrobial peptide cap-18 in the large intestinal epithelia. in a subsequent study, we found that entinostat, an aroylated phenylenediamine compound, has similar therapeutic potential against shigellosis. in this study, we aimed to evaluate entinostat as a potential candidate for host-directed therapy against c ... | 2017 | 28438947 |
| structure and function of the divalent anion/na(+) symporter from vibrio cholerae and a humanized variant. | integral membrane proteins of the divalent anion/na(+) symporter (dass) family translocate dicarboxylate, tricarboxylate or sulphate across cell membranes, typically by utilizing the preexisting na(+) gradient. the molecular determinants for substrate recognition by dass remain obscure, largely owing to the absence of any substrate-bound dass structure. here we present 2.8-å resolution x-ray structures of vcindy, a dass from vibrio cholerae that catalyses the co-transport of na(+) and succinate. ... | 2017 | 28436435 |
| the iron chaperone protein cyay from vibrio cholerae is a heme-binding protein. | cyay is an iron transport protein for iron-sulfur (fe-s) cluster biosynthetic systems. it also transports iron to ferrochelatase that catalyzes insertion of fe(2+) into protoporphyrin ix. here, we find that cyay has the ability to bind heme as well as iron, exhibiting an apparent dissociation constant for heme of 21 ± 6 nm. absorption and resonance raman spectra revealed that both ferric and ferrous forms of heme were bound to an anionic ligand (e.g., tyrosine and/or cysteine). consistent with t ... | 2017 | 28436221 |
| modulation of the multidrug efflux pump emrd-3 from vibrio cholerae by allium sativum extract and the bioactive agent allyl sulfide plus synergistic enhancement of antimicrobial susceptibility by a. sativum extract. | the causative agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae, is a public health concern. multidrug-resistant v. cholerae variants may reduce chemotherapeutic efficacies of severe cholera. we previously reported that the multidrug efflux pump emrd-3 from v. cholerae confers resistance to multiple structurally distinct antimicrobials. medicinal plant compounds are potential candidates for emrd-3 efflux pump modulation. the antibacterial activities of garlic allium sativum, although poorly understood, predicts ... | 2017 | 28432381 |
| crystal structure of the regulatory domain of aphb from vibrio vulnificus, a virulence gene regulator. | the transcriptional activator aphb has been implicated in acid resistance and pathogenesis in the food borne pathogens vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae. to date, the full-length aphb crystal structure of v. cholerae has been determined and characterized by a tetrameric assembly of aphb consisting of a dna binding domain and a regulatory domain (rd). although acidic ph and low oxygen tension might be involved in the activation of aphb, it remains unknown which ligand or stimulus activates ap ... | 2017 | 28427249 |
| antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of the sxt element in vibrio cholerae from clinical and environmental water samples in northeastern thailand. | multidrug resistance in v. cholerae has been increasing around the world including northeastern thailand. the aquatic environment is a reservoir of v. cholerae and might be an important source of resistant strains. the aims of this study were to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of intsxt gene sequences from 31 clinical and 14 environmental v. cholerae o1 and non-o1/non-o139 isolates and 11 sequences amplified directly from environmental water samples. we also amplified class 1 integron ... | 2017 | 28412524 |
| cholera returns to southern vietnam in an outbreak associated with consuming unsafe water through iced tea: a matched case-control study. | after more than a decade of steadily declining notifications, the number of reported cholera cases has recently increased in vietnam. we conducted a matched case-control study to investigate transmission of cholera during an outbreak in ben tre, southern vietnam, and to explore the associated risk factors. | 2017 | 28406946 |
| crispr-cas and contact-dependent secretion systems present on excisable pathogenicity islands with conserved recombination modules. | pathogenicity islands (pais) are mobile integrated genetic elements that contain a diverse range of virulence factors. pais integrate into the host chromosome at a trna locus that contains their specific bacterial attachment site, attb, via integrase-mediated site-specific recombination generating attl and attr sites. we identified conserved recombination modules (integrases and att sites) previously described in choleragenic vibrio cholerae pais but with novel cargo genes. clustered regularly i ... | 2017 | 28264992 |