| exploration of the african green monkey as a preclinical pharmacokinetic model: oral pharmacokinetic parameters and drug-drug interactions. | african green monkeys (vervets) have been proposed as an alternate species that might allow improved access and provide high-quality pharmacokinetic results comparable with other primates. however, no oral data are available in vervets to evaluate cross-species predictive performance. therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the use of the vervet to predict human oral pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. oral pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in the vervet for eight compounds: phe ... | 2009 | 19280525 |
| phenotypic similarities and differences between ul37-deleted pseudorabies virus and herpes simplex virus type 1. | in the absence of the tegument protein pul37, virion formation of pseudorabies virus (prv) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is severely impaired. non-enveloped nucleocapsids accumulate in clusters in the cytoplasm, whereas only a few enveloped particles can be detected. although a contribution of pul37 to nuclear egress of hsv-1 has been suggested, the nuclear stages of morphogenesis are not impaired in prv-deltaul37-infected cells. moreover, hsv-1 pul37 has been described as essential fo ... | 2009 | 19297610 |
| predator-specific landscapes of fear and resource distribution: effects on spatial range use. | although ecologists have long recognized that animal space use is primarily determined by the presence of predators and the distribution of resources, the effects of these two environmental conditions have never been quantified simultaneously in a single spatial model. here, in a novel approach, predator-specific landscapes of fear are constructed on the basis of behavioral responses of a prey species (vervet monkey; cercopithecus aethiops), and we show how these can be combined with data on res ... | 2009 | 19323238 |
| sequence-specific physical properties of african green monkey alpha-satellite dna contribute to centromeric heterochromatin formation. | satellite dna, a major component of eukaryotic centromeric heterochromatin, is potentially associated with the processes ensuring the faithful segregation of the genetic material during cell division. structural properties of alpha-satellite dna (as) from african green monkey (agm) were studied. atomic force microscopy imaging showed smaller end-to-end distances of as fragments than would be expected for the persistence length of random sequence dna. the apparent persistence length of the as was ... | 2009 | 19332128 |
| [absence of plasmodial infection among wild monkeys in northern senegal?]. | eighty-two wild monkeys belonging to the two species chlorocebus aethiops and erythrocebus patas were collected in the northern part of senegal, west africa. thick blood smears were performed and giemsa stained. slides were microscopically examined with a sensitivity of the method estimated at 2 parasites per mm3 of blood. no blood parasites were observed. this negative result is in line with previous studies which never showed evidences of malaria parasites in monkeys from african savannahs. th ... | 2009 | 19343914 |
| outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus in medical residents. | the present work documents an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis among ophthalmology residents, its influence in the presentation of the community cases, the use of molecular techniques for its diagnosis, and the implementation of successful control measures for its containment. | 2009 | 19365589 |
| the mucosal barrier and immune activation in hiv pathogenesis. | significant gastrointestinal pathology occurs in progressive hiv and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections. this review will examine the relationship between the detrimental events to the gastrointestinal tract during the acute phase of infection and disease progression through the chronic phase and, ultimately, aids. | 2008 | 19372990 |
| short hairpin-loop-structured oligodeoxynucleotides reduce hsv-1 replication. | the herpes simplex virus (hsv) is known as an infectious agent and widespread in the human population. the symptoms of hsv infections can range from mild to life threatening, especially in immune-compromised individuals. hsv infections are commonly treated with the guanosine analogue aciclovir, but reports of resistance are increasing. efforts are made to establish single-stranded antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (as) and small interfering ribonucleic acids (sirnas) for antiviral treatment. recen ... | 2009 | 19397793 |
| endocrine mechanisms of primate life history trade-offs: growth and reproductive maturation in vervet monkeys. | life history theory predicts that the timing of maturation will result from a trade-off between growth and the age of first reproduction. this trade-off and its mechanisms of action are still poorly understood in many species and have not been well studied at the individual level. this study examined hypothesized trade-offs between growth and reproductive maturation in wild populations of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) from kenya, east africa. individuals were sampled from four populati ... | 2009 | 19402037 |
| generalized tularemia in a vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) and a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) in a zoo. | generalized tularemia was diagnosed in a vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) and a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas), both of which died suddenly in the szeged zoo, szeged, hungary. macroscopic lesions in each animal included disseminated, grayish-white foci in the lungs, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidney. all focal lesions were characterized microscopically as purulent to pyogranulomatous to granulomatous inflammation with necrosis. francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains were is ... | 2009 | 19407096 |
| mechanistic variations among reverse transcriptases of simian immunodeficiency virus variants isolated from african green monkeys. | here we report enzymatic variations among the reverse transcriptases (rts) of five simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) strains, sab-1, 155-4, gri-1, 9063-2, and tan-1, which were isolated from four different species of naturally infected african green monkeys living in different regions across africa. first, sab-1 rt exhibits the most efficient dntp incorporation efficiency at low dntp concentrations, whereas the other four sivagm rt proteins display different levels of reduced polymerase activi ... | 2009 | 19408961 |
| acute toxicity study of a simian immunodeficiency virus-based lentiviral vector for retinal gene transfer in nonhuman primates. | a phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the safety of gene therapy for patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (amd) or retinoblastoma has been completed without problems. the efficacy of gene therapy for leber's congenital amaurosis (lca) was reported by three groups. gene therapy may thus hold promise as a therapeutic method for the treatment of intractable ocular diseases. however, it will first be important to precisely evaluate the efficiency and safety of alternative gene transfer v ... | 2009 | 19416079 |
| 7-o-methylkaempferol and -quercetin glycosides from the whole plant of nervilia fordii. | five new 7-o-methylkaempferol and -quercetin glycosides, namely, nervilifordins a-e (1-5), were isolated from the whole plant of nervilia fordii, together with seven known flavonoids (6, 7, and 9-13) and one known coumarin (8). their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including hsqc, hmbc, roesy, and chemical methods. compounds 1-3 and 6-13 were evaluated for their anti-herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) activity and cytotoxicity on african green monkey kidn ... | 2009 | 19422205 |
| in vitro host range, multiplication and virion forms of recombinant viruses obtained from co-infection in vitro with a vaccinia-vectored influenza vaccine and a naturally occurring cowpox virus isolate. | poxvirus-vectored vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer are currently under development. we hypothesized that the extensive use of poxvirus-vectored vaccine in future might result in co-infection and recombination between the vaccine virus and naturally occurring poxviruses, resulting in hybrid viruses with unpredictable characteristics. previously, we confirmed that co-infecting in vitro a modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) strain engineered to express influenza virus haemagglutinin ... | 2009 | 19435511 |
| knowing what counts: unbiased stereology in the non-human primate brain. | the non-human primate is an important translational species for understanding the normal function and disease processes of the human brain. unbiased stereology, the method accepted as state-of-the-art for quantification of biological objects in tissue sections, generates reliable structural data for biological features in the mammalian brain. the key components of the approach are unbiased (systematic-random) sampling of anatomically defined structures (reference spaces), combined with quantific ... | 2009 | 19444156 |
| characterization of cynomolgus and vervet monkey placental mhc class i expression: diversity of the nonhuman primate ag locus. | nonhuman primates are important animal models for the study of the maternal immune response to implantation within the decidua. the objective of this study was to define the placental expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules in the cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and vervet (african green) (chlorocebus aethiops) monkeys. early pregnancy (d36-42) cynomolgus and vervet placentas were obtained by fetectomy and prepared for histological evaluation. a pan-mhc class i mo ... | 2009 | 19468726 |
| the transmembrane domain of bst-2 determines its sensitivity to down-modulation by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpu. | bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (bst-2, also known as tetherin) restricts the production of a number of enveloped viruses by blocking virus release from the cell surface. this antiviral activity is counteracted by such viral factors as vpu of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). here, we report that vpu antagonizes human bst-2 but not bst-2 derived from african green monkeys. the determinants of susceptibility to vpu map to the transmembrane domain of bst-2. in accordance with this, e ... | 2009 | 19474106 |
| effect of p-glycoprotein-mediated efflux on cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in rhesus monkeys. | brain penetration of drugs which are subject to p-glycoprotein (pgp)-mediated efflux is attenuated, as manifested by the fact that the cerebrospinal fluid concentration (c(csf)), a good surrogate of the unbound brain concentration (c(ub)), is lower than the unbound plasma concentration (c(up)) for pgp substrates. in rodents, the attenuation magnitude of brain penetration by pgp-mediated efflux has been estimated by correlating the ratio of csf to plasma exposures (c(csf)/c(p)) with the unbound f ... | 2009 | 19481060 |
| human merkel cell polyomavirus infection i. mcv t antigen expression in merkel cell carcinoma, lymphoid tissues and lymphoid tumors. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) is a recently discovered human virus closely related to african green monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus. mcv dna is integrated in approximately 80% of merkel cell carcinomas (mcc), a neuroendocrine skin cancer linked to lymphoid malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). to assess mcv infection and its association with human diseases, we developed a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes endogenous and transfected mcv large t (lt) antigen. we ... | 2009 | 19499546 |
| endocrine-disrupting equivalents in industrial effluents discharged into yangtze river. | the endocrine-disrupting equivalents in effluents from three chemical industry wastewater treatment systems in the vicinity of yangtze river were determined by several transactivation reporter gene assays. transient transfections of african green monkey kidney cell line (cv-1) were used to determine the estrogenic, anti-androgenic and anti-thyroid equivalents in the effluents. organic extracts of the effluents contained compounds that were potent anti-androgens and the activities measured as an ... | 2009 | 19507023 |
| cd4 downregulation by memory cd4+ t cells in vivo renders african green monkeys resistant to progressive sivagm infection. | african green monkeys (genus chlorocebus) can be infected with species-specific simian immunodeficiency virus (sivagm) but do not develop aids. these natural hosts of siv, like sooty mangabeys, maintain high levels of siv replication but have evolved to avoid immunodeficiency. elucidating the mechanisms that allow natural hosts to coexist with siv without overt disease may provide crucial information for understanding aids pathogenesis. here we show that many cd4(+) t cells from african green mo ... | 2009 | 19525963 |
| characterization of francisella tularensis strains, comparing their carbon source utilization. | thirteen francisella tularensis strains were isolated from 22 seropositive brown hares (lepus europaeus) originating from different parts of hungary, and further two from a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) and vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops). the isolates were identified as f. tularensis ssp. holarctica on the basis of culture, morphological and biochemical characteristics. the identification was verified by polymerase chain reaction and the sequencing of the partial 16s rrna gene. utiliza ... | 2010 | 19538455 |
| two clusters of mutations map distinct receptor-binding sites of echovirus 11 for the decay-accelerating factor (cd55) and for canyon-binding receptors. | in this study we present the comparative sequence analysis of the parental haemagglutinating (daf+) and mutant non-haemagglutinating (daf-) clones of echovirus 11 (ev11) isolated from the prototype strain gregory. the sequence comparison revealed only a single amino acid substitution in the capsid protein vp2 of each mutant clone. these substitutions were located in the area of viral receptor-binding site for daf. since daf- mutants of ev11 did not interact with daf, they used an alternative rec ... | 2009 | 19540285 |
| a new world primate deficient in tetherin-mediated restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) does not replicate in primary cells of new world primates. to better understand this restriction, we expressed owl monkey (aotus nancymaae) cd4 and cxcr4 in the owl monkey kidney cell line, omk. an hiv-1 variant modified to evade the owl monkey restriction factor trim-cyp replicated efficiently in these cells but could not replicate in primary a. nancymaae cd4-positive t cells. to understand this difference, we examined apobec3g and tetherin orthologs ... | 2009 | 19553332 |
| effect of the alphagal epitope on the response to small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix in a nonhuman primate model. | the galalpha1,3galbeta1,4glcnac-r (gal) epitope is a major factor in the hyperacute rejection of pig organ transplants in primates. biologic scaffold materials used for tissue reconstruction and composed of xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ecm) may contain the gal epitope. however, the effect of this epitope upon the host response is controversial. the present study investigated the effect of the gal epitope upon the host response to a porcine-derived ecm in an african green monkey (cholrocaebus ... | 2009 | 19563260 |
| the use of acellular dermal matrix to prevent capsule formation around implants in a primate model. | implant-based breast reconstruction is a popular option after mastectomy, but capsular contracture may detract from long-term outcomes. the authors have observed that breast implants covered with acellular dermal matrix (alloderm) are less likely to develop a capsule in the area where the implant is in direct contact with the acellular matrix. the authors tested this observation experimentally by comparing capsular formation around implants in the presence and absence of alloderm in primates. | 2009 | 19568048 |
| enhanced cholinergic response in pancreata of nonhuman primates with impaired glucose tolerance shown on [18f]fluorobenzyltrozamicol positron emission tomography. | islet cell adaptation to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus may be due in part to increased stimulation of beta cells by the autonomic nervous system. the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ach) mediates insulin release via m3 muscarinic receptors on islet beta cells. the vesicular ach transporter (vacht) receptor correlates with cholinergic activity in vivo. the positron emission tomography (pet) radiotracer (+)-4-[18f]fluorobenzyltrozamicol ([18f]fbt) binds to the vach ... | 2009 | 19580359 |
| passive diffusion of naltrexone into human and animal cells and upregulation of cell proliferation. | naltrexone (ntx) is a potent opioid antagonist that promotes cell proliferation by upregulating dna synthesis through displacement of the tonically active inhibitory peptide, opioid growth factor (ogf) from its receptor (ogfr). to investigate how ntx enters cells, ntx was fluorescently labeled [1-(n)-fluoresceinyl ntx thiosemicarbazone; fntx] to study its uptake by living cultured cells. when human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line (scc-1) was incubated with fntx for as little as 1 ... | 2009 | 19605761 |
| dissecting the non-human primate brain in stereotaxic space. | the use of non-human primates provides an excellent translational model for our understanding of developmental and aging processes in humans(1-6). in addition, the use of non-human primates has recently afforded the opportunity to naturally model complex psychiatric disorders such as alcohol abuse(7). here we describe a technique for blocking the brain in the coronal plane of the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabeus) in the intact skull in stereotaxic space. the method described here provi ... | 2009 | 19609252 |
| lessons learned from the natural hosts of hiv-related viruses. | the fact that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) causes a deadly disease in humans whereas its simian counterparts, the simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs), are virtually nonpathogenic in their natural hosts remains a fundamental mystery of modern medicine. arguably, the pathogenesis of hiv infection will remain poorly understood until the mechanisms responsible for the aids resistance of natural siv hosts are fully explained. over the past few years, some key features of natural siv infectio ... | 2009 | 19630581 |
| mechanism of introduction of exogenous genes into cultured cells using deae-dextran-mma graft copolymer as non-viral gene carrier. | comparative investigations were carried out regarding the efficiency of introduction of exogenous genes into cultured cells using a cationic polysaccharide deae-dextran-mma (methyl methacrylate ester) graft copolymer (2-diethylaminoethyl-dextran-methyl methacrylate graft copolymer; ddmc) as a nonviral carrier for gene introduction. the results confirmed that the gene introduction efficiency was improved with ddmc relative to deae-dextran. comparative investigations were carried out using various ... | 2009 | 19633632 |
| rapid real-time pcr assays for detection of klebsiella pneumoniae with the rmpa or maga genes associated with the hypermucoviscosity phenotype: screening of nonhuman primates. | the relationship of mucoviscosity-associated (maga) and/or regulator of mucoid phenotype (rmpa) genes to the klebsiella pneumoniae hypermucoviscosity (hmv) phenotype has been reported. we previously demonstrated that rmpa+ k. pneumoniae can cause serious disease in african green monkeys and isolated rmpa+ and maga+ hmv k. pneumoniae from other species of non-human primates. to rapidly screen african green monkeys/non-human primates for these infections, we developed three real-time pcr assays. t ... | 2009 | 19644019 |
| passage of dengue virus type 4 vaccine candidates in fetal rhesus lung cells selects heparin-sensitive variants that result in loss of infectivity and immunogenicity in rhesus macaques. | three dengue virus type 4 (denv-4) vaccine candidates containing deletions in the 3' noncoding region were prepared by passage in dbs-frhl-2 (frhl) cells. unexpectedly, these vaccine candidates and parental denv-4 similarly passaged in the same cells failed to elicit either viremia or a virus-neutralizing antibody response. consensus sequence analysis revealed that each of the three viruses, as well as the parental denv-4 when passaged in frhl cells, rapidly acquired a single glu327-gly substitu ... | 2009 | 19656873 |
| effect of b-cell depletion on viral replication and clinical outcome of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in a natural host. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected african nonhuman primates do not progress to aids in spite of high and persistent viral loads (vls). some authors consider the high viral replication observed in chronic natural siv infections to be due to lower anti-siv antibody titers than those in rhesus macaques, suggesting a role of antibodies in controlling viral replication. we therefore investigated the impact of antibody responses on the outcome of acute and chronic sivagm replication in afri ... | 2009 | 19656874 |
| toward an aids vaccine: lessons from natural simian immunodeficiency virus infections of african nonhuman primate hosts. | the design of an effective aids vaccine has eluded the efforts of the scientific community to the point that alternative approaches to classic vaccine formulations have to be considered. we propose here that hiv vaccine research could greatly benefit from the study of natural simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections of african nonhuman primates. natural siv hosts (for example, sooty mangabeys, african green monkeys and mandrills) share many features of hiv infection of humans; however, the ... | 2009 | 19661993 |
| identification of brain transcriptional variation reproduced in peripheral blood: an approach for mapping brain expression traits. | genome-wide gene expression studies may provide substantial insight into gene activities and biological pathways differing between tissues and individuals. we investigated such gene expression variation by analyzing expression profiles in brain tissues derived from eight different brain regions and from blood in 12 monkeys from a biomedically important non-human primate model, the vervet (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). we characterized brain regional differences in gene expression, focusing on t ... | 2009 | 19692348 |
| viremia and antibody response in green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) infected with dengue virus type 2: a potential model for vaccine testing. | the increasingly limited availability and high cost of the hitherto most commonly used monkey species in dengue vaccine research has augmented the importance of identifying alternative suitable models for these studies. in this study we examined the capacity of green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) to develop dengue viremia, and thus provide a potential model for dengue vaccine testing. monkeys were inoculated with two different doses of dengue virus type 2. all animals in both groups bec ... | 2009 | 19714858 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm from african green monkeys does not antagonize endogenous levels of african green monkey tetherin/bst-2. | the vpu accessory gene that originated in the primate lentiviral lineage leading to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is an antagonist of human tetherin/bst-2 restriction. most other primate lentivirus lineages, including the lineage represented by simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm from african green monkeys (agms), do not encode vpu. while some primate lineages encode gene products other than vpu that overcome tetherin/bst-2, we find that sivagm does not antagonize physiologically relevant ... | 2009 | 19726508 |
| efficient transduction of non-human primate motor neurons after intramuscular delivery of recombinant aav serotype 6. | retrograde transport of viral vectors in the rodent spinal cord provides a powerful means to administer a therapeutic transgene from the innervated musculature. with the aim of scaling up this approach to non-human primates, we have injected recombinant adeno-associated vectors (raav) serotype 6 expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) into the gastrocnemius muscle of african green monkeys to determine whether this results in efficient transgene delivery to lumbar motor neurons. cell ... | 2010 | 19727139 |
| immunization of young african green monkeys with oprf epitope 8-opri-type a- and b-flagellin fusion proteins promotes the production of protective antibodies against nonmucoid pseudomonas aeruginosa. | there is currently no approved vaccine against pseudomonas aeruginosa, the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients and a major pathogen in ventilated and burn patients. in a previous study, we demonstrated the immunization of mice with oprf(311-341)-opri-type a- and b-flagellin fusion proteins dramatically enhanced clearance of nonmucoid p. aeruginosa. the goal of the current study was to evaluate the ability of oprf(311-341)-opri-flagellins to elicit the producti ... | 2009 | 19744586 |
| an emerging pollutant contributing to the cytotoxicity of mswi ash wastes: strontium. | in this study, we used the multiple toxicity characteristic leaching procedure to test the long-term leaching behavior of bottom ash, scrubber residue, and baghouse ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator (mswi). we used the short-term viability percentage of african green monkey kidney cells (vero cells) as a bioindicator to investigate the cytotoxicity of the leachates from the mswi ash wastes. we found that strontium was a significant contributor to the cytotoxicity of the bottom ash. | 2010 | 19762147 |
| polyomaviruses of nonhuman primates: implications for research. | polyomaviruses are a family of small nonenveloped dna viruses that infect birds and mammals. at least 7 nonhuman primate polyomaviruses that occur in macaques, african green monkeys, marmosets baboons, and chimpanzees have been described, as well as 4 polyomaviruses that occur in humans. simian virus 40 (sv40), which infects macaques, was the first nonhuman primate polyomavirus identified as a contaminant of early polio vaccines. primate polyomaviruses cause inapparent primary infections but per ... | 2008 | 19793457 |
| the long-lived nature of clostridium perfringens iota toxin in mammalian cells induces delayed apoptosis. | mono-adp ribosylation of actin by bacterial toxins, such as clostridium perfringens iota or clostridium botulinum c2 toxins, results in rapid depolymerization of actin filaments and cell rounding. here we report that treatment of african green monkey kidney (vero) cells with iota toxin resulted in delayed caspase-dependent death. unmodified actin did not reappear in toxin-treated cells, and enzyme-active toxin was detectable in the cytosol for at least 24 h. c2 toxin showed comparable, long-live ... | 2009 | 19805536 |
| a novel human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) with separated p and c genes is useful for generating c gene mutants for evaluation as live-attenuated virus vaccine candidates. | a novel recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 1 (rhpiv1), rhpiv1-c+p, in which the overlapping open reading frames of the c and p genes were separated in order to introduce mutations into the c gene without affecting p, was generated. infectious rhpiv1-c+p was readily recovered and replicated as efficiently as hpiv1 wild type (wt) in vitro and in african green monkeys (agms). rhpiv1-c+p expressed increased levels of c protein and, surprisingly, activated the type i ifn and apoptosis respons ... | 2010 | 19857454 |
| the nature of australia antigen and its relation to antigen-antibody complex formation. | there is considerable data to support the hypothesis that australia antigen is an infectious agent that causes hepatitis in man. (a) association with acute viral hepatitis. (b) association with chronic hepatitis. (c) virus-like appearance under the electron microscope (200-a particles). (d) transmission of au(1) from man to man. (e) transmission and passage of partially purified au(1) to an animal host (infant african green monkey). (f) localization [with fluorescent anti-au(1)] of au(1) in the ... | 1971 | 19867378 |
| experimental poliomyelitis in cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus (the green african monkey) by oral and other routes. | the green african monkey, cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus, has been infected with experimental poliomyelitis after feeding artificially contaminated food. this species is also highly susceptible to intracerebral, intranasal, and intraabdominal inoculations. in one experiment with a human stool from a case of poliomyelitis, cercopithecus was more susceptible to intranasal and to intraabdominal inoculation than macaca mulatta. | 1941 | 19871089 |
| susceptibility of cebus capucina (the south american ringtail monkey) and cercopithecus cephus (the african mustache monkey) to poliomyelitis virus. | 1. the south american ringtail monkey, cebus capucina, has been infected with the virus of poliomyelitis as found in ultracentrifuged concentrates from poliomyelitic human stools. 2. this species was also found susceptible to poliomyelitis virus found in rhesus and cynomolgus monkey cords, representing early generations of virus derived from two different human sources and from flies trapped in an epidemic area. 3. the hartford strain of poliomyelitis has been successfully established in differe ... | 1943 | 19871327 |
| do females pay attention to secondary sexual coloration in vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops)? | several primate species show sexual dichromatism with males displaying conspicuous coloration of the pelage or skin. studies of scrotal coloration in male vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) suggest that it is an important intrasexual signal, with relatively dark, colourful males dominating paler males. to date, no studies have examined the influence of male colour on intersexual social interactions in vervet monkeys. the primary goal of the present study was to evaluate whether female vervet ... | 2010 | 19876610 |
| estrogenic activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb. | plant-derived estrogen-like compounds, or phytoestrogens, are given much attention due to their potential therapeutic use. in this study, xanthorrhizol, a natural sesquiterpenoid isolated from the rhizome of curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb. (zingiberaceae), was evaluated for its estrogenic activity. it has been known that compounds acting as ligands for estrogen receptors (ers) are considered to possess estrogenic activity. therefore, the gal-4/er transactivation assay in transiently transfected afric ... | 2009 | 19881304 |
| the orf59 dna polymerase processivity factor homologs of old world primate rv2 rhadinoviruses are highly conserved nuclear antigens expressed in differentiated epithelium in infected macaques. | orf59 dna polymerase processivity factor of the human rhadinovirus, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), is required for efficient copying of the genome during virus replication. kshv orf59 is antigenic in the infected host and is used as a marker for virus activation and replication. | 2009 | 19922662 |
| newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccines expressing the hemagglutinin or neuraminidase protein of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus protect against virus challenge in monkeys. | h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) causes periodic outbreaks in humans, resulting in severe infections with a high (60%) incidence of mortality. the circulating strains have low human-to-human transmissibility; however, widespread concerns exist that enhanced transmission due to mutations could lead to a global pandemic. we previously engineered newcastle disease virus (ndv), an avian paramyxovirus, as a vector to express the hpaiv hemagglutinin (ha) protein, and we showed that ... | 2010 | 19923177 |
| characterization of novel polyomaviruses from bornean and sumatran orang-utans. | serological screening of sera from orang-utans demonstrated a high percentage of sera that cross-reacted with antigens of the polyomavirus (pyv) simian virus 40. analysis of archival dna samples from 71 bornean and eight sumatran orang-utans with a broad-spectrum pcr assay resulted in the detection of pyv infections in 11 animals from both species. sequence analysis of the amplicons revealed considerable differences between the pyvs from bornean and sumatran orang-utans. the genome from two pyvs ... | 2010 | 19923267 |
| nonpathogenesis of simian immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with reduced inflammation and recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to lymph nodes, not to lack of an interferon type i response, during the acute phase. | divergent toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) and tlr9 signaling has been proposed to distinguish pathogenic from nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection in primate models. we demonstrate here that increased expression of type i interferon in pathogenic rhesus macaques compared to nonpathogenic african green monkeys was associated with the recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the lymph nodes and the presence of an inflammatory environment early after infection, instead of a diffe ... | 2010 | 19939930 |
| characterization of a novel embryonic stem cell line from an icsi-derived blastocyst in the african green monkey. | several cell types from the african green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops), such as red blood cells, primary culture cells from kidney, and the vero cell line, are valuable sources for biomedical research and testing. embryonic stem (es) cells that are established from blastocysts have pluripotency to differentiate into these and other types of cells. we examined an in vitro culture system of zygotes produced by icsi in african green monkeys and attempted to establish es cells. culturing with and ... | 2010 | 19955206 |
| comparative analysis of muscle architecture in primate arm and forearm. | a comparative study of myological morphology, i.e. muscle mass (mm), muscle fascicle length and muscle physiological cross-sectional area (an indicator of the force capacity of muscles), was conducted in nine primate species: human (homo sapiens), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gibbon (hylobates spp.), papio (papio hamadryas), lutong (trachypithecus francoisi), green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops), macaque monkey (macaca spp.), capuchin monkey (cebus albifrons) and squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureu ... | 2010 | 19958344 |
| nonpathogenic siv infection of african green monkeys induces a strong but rapidly controlled type i ifn response. | african green monkeys (agms) infected with the agm type of siv (sivagm) do not develop chronic immune activation and aids, despite viral loads similar to those detected in humans infected with hiv-1 and rhesus macaques (rms) infected with the rm type of siv (sivmac). because chronic immune activation drives progressive cd4+ t cell depletion and immune cell dysfunctions, factors that characterize disease progression, we sought to understand the molecular basis of this agm phenotype. to this end, ... | 2009 | 19959873 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 2 v protein inhibits interferon production and signaling and is required for replication in non-human primates. | in wild-type human parainfluenza virus type 2 (wt hpiv2), one gene (the p/v gene) encodes both the polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (p) and the accessory v protein. we generated a hpiv2 virus (rhpiv2-v(ko)) in which the p/v gene encodes only the p protein to examine the role of v in replication in vivo and as a potential live attenuated virus vaccine. preventing expression of v protein severely impaired virus recovery from cdna and growth in vitro, particularly in ifn-competent cells. rhpiv2 ... | 2010 | 19969320 |
| gaucher disease patient with myoclonus epilepsy and a novel mutation. | the n188s mutation in gaucher disease is associated with myoclonus epilepsy. we performed genetic analysis on a patient with progressive myoclonus epilepsy, who had received antiepileptic drugs for over 10 years. we detected n188s/g199d on the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase. mutant proteins carrying each mutation were expressed in cos-1 cells (a commonly used cell line which derives from kidney cells of the african green monkey). measurements of enzymatic activity and western blotting analysis ... | 2010 | 20004867 |
| rapid method for sv40 titration. | sv40 titer is determined traditionally by the conventional plaque assay. plaques appear after several rounds of infection and the assay takes around two weeks, which may delay research. a simpler assay was developed, based on detection of t-antigen in the infected cells by flow cytometry. cells grown in 6-well plates are infected with serial dilutions of the viral stock, harvested 48h post-infection, stained and analyzed for t-antigen using a flow cytometer. the viral titer is calculated based o ... | 2010 | 20005903 |
| inhibition of adaptive immune responses leads to a fatal clinical outcome in siv-infected pigtailed macaques but not vervet african green monkeys. | african green monkeys (agm) and other natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) do not develop an aids-like disease following siv infection. to evaluate differences in the role of siv-specific adaptive immune responses between natural and nonnatural hosts, we used siv(agmver90) to infect vervet agm and pigtailed macaques (ptm). this infection results in robust viral replication in both vervet agm and pigtailed macaques (ptm) but only induces aids in the latter species. we delayed the ... | 2009 | 20011508 |
| aids progression is associated with the emergence of il-17-producing cells early after simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | il-17 is a potent effector cytokine involved in inflammatory response and antimicrobial defense. we report that siv infection of rhesus macaques (rms) results in the emergence of il-17-expressing cells during the acute phase. this subpopulation appears at day 14 postinfection concomitantly with an increase in tgf-beta and il-18 expression. this subset, which exhibits phenotypic markers of nk t cells (nkt), rather than th17 cd4 cells, persists during the chronic phase and is higher in noncontroll ... | 2010 | 20018630 |
| the toxicity of soman in the african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops). | abstract this study determines soman toxicity in african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) and is the first step in exploring the suitability of this species as a model for nerve agent studies. male african green monkeys were surgically implanted with telemetry devices to monitor electroencephalographic (eeg) and electrocardiographic (ecg) activity. blood was taken at various times to measure whole blood acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity and cardiac troponin i (ctni). blood ache activity r ... | 2007 | 20020948 |
| epidemiology of invasive klebsiella pneumoniae with hypermucoviscosity phenotype in a research colony of nonhuman primates. | invasive klebsiella pneumoniae with hypermucoviscosity phenotype (hmv k. pneumoniae) is an emerging human pathogen that, over the past 20 y, has resulted in a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by pyogenic liver abscesses sometimes complicated by bacteremia, meningitis, and endophthalmitis. infections occur predominantly in taiwan and other asian countries, but hmv k. pneumoniae is considered an emerging infectious disease in the united states and other western countries. in 2005, fatal mu ... | 2009 | 20034435 |
| the brca-1 binding protein brap2 is a novel, negative regulator of nuclear import of viral proteins, dependent on phosphorylation flanking the nuclear localization signal. | this study describes for the first time the ability of the novel brca1-binding protein 2 (brap2) to inhibit the nuclear import of specific viral proteins dependent on phosphorylation. ectopic expression of brap2 in transfected african green monkey kidney cos-7 cells was found to significantly reduce nuclear localization signal (nls)-dependent nuclear accumulation of either simian virus sv40 large-tumor antigen (t-ag) or human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase processivity factor ppul44; this was al ... | 2010 | 20040518 |
| lymphotropic polyomavirus is detected in peripheral blood from immunocompromised and healthy subjects. | lymphotropic polyomavirus (lpv) was isolated from a b-lymphoblastoid cell line of an african green monkey. this virus shares some characteristics with human polyomaviruses, but it is antigenically distinct from bk virus (bkv) and jc virus (jcv). seroepidemiological studies revealed that human sera react in the presence of lpv antigens, and, recently, the viral genome was amplified in the peripheral blood from patients affected with hiv-related leukoencephalopathies. | 2010 | 20042367 |
| development and ultrastructure of cystoisospora canis nemeséri, 1959 (syn, isospora canis) monozoic cysts in two noncanine cell lines. | cystoisospora canis is a coccidial parasite of the intestinal tract that can cause severe disease in dogs. clinical signs include watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss. extraintestinal stages of cystoisospora spp. have been demonstrated in the mesenteric lymph nodes of paratenic hosts. information on the biology of extraintestinal stages of canine cystoisospora species is limited. the current study examined the development of c. canis in 2 noncanine cell lines and the ultrastructure ... | 2009 | 20049986 |
| senile systemic amyloidosis in an aged savannah monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) with tenosynovial degeneration. | senile systemic amyloidosis (ssa) is a rather common disease in elderly people, but it is very rare in animals, including nonhuman primates. pathological examination of a 26-year-old male savannah monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) revealed systemic amyloidosis with severe cardiac fibrosis, and tenosynovial degeneration of the elbow and knee joints. the amyloid deposits were observed predominantly in the heart, lung, intestine and tenosynovium, and were positive for transthyretin (ttr) in immunohis ... | 2010 | 20075604 |
| sivagm containing the shiv89.6p envelope gene replicates poorly and is non-pathogenic. | sivagm does not induce disease in its african green monkey (agm) host. in comparison, the hybrid simian-human immunodeficiency virus shiv89.6p that carries the hiv env gene induces disease in rhesus macaques more rapidly than the sivmac parent virus. to address the possibility that this enhancement of disease by hiv env would also occur when present in sivagm, a full-length sivagm/89.6penv chimeric lentivirus genome (termed shiv-mp) was constructed. shiv-mp replicated similarly to sivagm in simi ... | 2010 | 20097401 |
| rnaa is conserved in mammalian cells. | rna activation (rnaa) is a newly discovered mechanism of gene activation triggered by small double-stranded rnas termed 'small activating rnas' (sarnas). thus far, rnaa has only been demonstrated in human cells and is unclear whether it is conserved in other mammals. | 2010 | 20107511 |
| contribution of ring domain to retrovirus restriction by trim5alpha depends on combination of host and virus. | the anti-retroviral restriction factor trim5alpha contains the ring domain, which is frequently observed in e3 ubiquitin ligases. it was previously proposed that trim5alpha restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) via proteasome-dependent and -independent pathways. here we examined the effects of ring domain mutations on retrovirus restriction by trim5alpha in various combinations of virus and host species. simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from macaque (sivmac) successfully av ... | 2010 | 20110098 |
| optical design of a laser system for nuclear fusion research. | high power laser improvements, high quality aspheric lenses, and sharp focusing on a solid deuterium target enable us to get numerous nuclear fusion reactions inside the deuterium plasma. since maiman successfully built the first light amplifier in 1960 [nature 187, 493 (1960)] and terhune performed air breakdown experiments in 1962 ["optical third harmonic generation," comptes rendus de la 3ème conférence internationale d'electronique quantique, paris, 11-15 février 1963, p. grivet and n. bloem ... | 1971 | 20111172 |
| polymorphisms of the bk virus subtypes and their influence on viral in vitro growth efficiency. | the major capsid protein, vp1, of the human polyomavirus bk (bkv) is structurally divided into five outer loops, referred to as bc, de, ef, gh, and hi. the bc loop includes a short region, named the bkv subtyping region, spanning nucleotides 1744-1812 and characterized by non-synonymous nucleotide polymorphisms that have been used to classify different strains of bkv into four subtypes. the aim of this study was to determine if the nucleotide changes clustered within the bkv subtyping region may ... | 2010 | 20138933 |
| growth restriction of an experimental live attenuated human parainfluenza virus type 2 vaccine in human ciliated airway epithelium in vitro parallels attenuation in african green monkeys. | human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) are common causes of severe pediatric respiratory viral disease. we characterized wild-type hpiv2 infection in an in vitro model of human airway epithelium (hae) and found that the virus replicates to high titer, sheds apically, targets ciliated cells, and induces minimal cytopathology. replication of an experimental, live attenuated hpiv2 vaccine strain, containing both temperature sensitive (ts) and non-ts attenuating mutations, was restricted >30-fold compa ... | 2010 | 20139039 |
| suppression of adaptive immune responses during primary siv infection of sabaeus african green monkeys delays partial containment of viremia but does not induce disease. | one of the most puzzling observations in hiv research is the lack of pathogenicity in most nonhuman primate species that are natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection. despite this, natural hosts experience a level of viremia similar to humans infected with hiv or macaques infected with siv. to determine the role of adaptive immune responses in viral containment and lack of disease, we delayed the generation of cellular and humoral immune responses by administering anti-cd8- ... | 2010 | 20147699 |
| identification of human specific gene duplications relative to other primates by array cgh and quantitative pcr. | in order to identify human lineage specific (hls) copy number differences (cnds) compared to other primates, we performed pair wise comparisons (human vs. chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan) by using cdna array comparative genomic hybridization (cgh). a set of 23 genes with hls duplications were identified, as well as other lineage differences in gene copy number specific of chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan. each species has gained more copies of specific genes rather than losing gene copies. el ... | 2010 | 20153417 |
| alterations in cytokines and effects of dexamethasone immunosuppression during subclinical infections of invasive klebsiella pneumoniae with hypermucoviscosity phenotype in rhesus (macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) macaques. | invasive klebsiella pneumoniae with the hypermucoviscosity phenotype (hmv k. pneumoniae) is an emerging human pathogen that also has been attributed to fatal multisystemic disease in african green monkeys at our institution. combining a cluster of subclinically infected macaques identified in march and april 2008 and the animals documented during a subsequent survey of more than 300 colony nonhuman primates yielded a total of 9 rhesus macaques and 6 cynomolgus macaques that were subclinically in ... | 2010 | 20158951 |
| meta-analysis of supramaximal effects in in vitro estrogenicity assays. | in scientific literature, several estrogenic compounds are reported to induce responses in vitro that are significantly higher than that of estradiol (e2). these supramaximal (spmx) estrogenic effects do not occur consistently and seem to differ depending on the cellular models applied. this study analyzes the possible underlying causes, mechanisms, and drivers for spmx estrogenic effects in in vitro functional assays reported in the peer-reviewed literature. for the 21 natural and industrial ch ... | 2010 | 20176621 |
| simian varicella virus pathogenesis. | because varicella zoster virus (vzv) is an exclusively human pathogen, the development of an animal model is necessary to study pathogenesis, latency, and reactivation. the pathological, virological, and immunological features of simian varicella virus (svv) infection in nonhuman primates are similar to those of vzv infection in humans. both natural infection of cynomolgus and african green monkeys as well as intrabronchial inoculation of rhesus macaques with svv provide the most useful models t ... | 2010 | 20186611 |
| immunogenicity and some safety features of a vegf-based cancer therapeutic vaccine in rats, rabbits and non-human primates. | we have developed a cancer vaccine candidate (hereafter denominated cigb-247), based on recombinant modified human vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) as antigen, and the adjuvant vssp (very small sized proteoliposomes of neisseria meningitidis outer membrane). in mice, previous work of our group had shown that vaccination with cigb-247 extended tumor-take time, slowed tumor growth, and increased animal survival. immunization elicited anti-human and murine vegf-neutralizing antibodies, and ... | 2010 | 20197134 |
| changes in ranging and agonistic behavior of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) after predator-induced group fusion. | socio-ecological theory predicts that group fusion in female-philopatric primate species will be rare because females experience increased costs by associating with non-relatives. indeed, fusion has been reported only 14 times in only 4 female-philopatric cercopithecines despite many years of observation. here, we describe changes in ranging and agonistic behavior of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) after the fusion of two groups, the sole group fusion during 11 years of observation, indu ... | 2010 | 20213654 |
| establishing a model spinal cord injury in the african green monkey for the preclinical evaluation of biodegradable polymer scaffolds seeded with human neural stem cells. | given the involvement of post-mitotic neurons, long axonal tracts and incompletely elucidated injury and repair pathways, spinal cord injury (sci) presents a particular challenge for the creation of preclinical models to robustly evaluate longitudinal changes in neuromotor function in the setting in the presence and absence of intervention. while rodent models exhibit high degrees of spontaneous recovery from sci injury, animal care concerns preclude complete cord transections in non-human prima ... | 2010 | 20219534 |
| induction of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 by sars-cov infection, interferon alfacon 1 and interferon inducer in human bronchial epithelial calu-3 cells and balb/c mice. | the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is poorly understood. several mechanisms involving both direct effects on target cells and indirect effects via the immune system might exist. sars-cov has been shown in vitro to induce changes of cytokines and chemokines in various human and animal cells. we previously reported that interferon (ifn) alfacon-1 was more active against sars-cov infection in human bronchial epithelial calu-3 cells than in african green mon ... | 2010 | 20231782 |
| a new blood spirochaete in the grivet monkey; ceropithecus aethiops. | | 1947 | 20291370 |
| attempts to infect african green monkeys by oral administration of poliomyelitis virus. | | 1947 | 20292044 |
| hematological, biochemical, respiratory, cardiovascular and electroneurophysiological parameters in african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). its use in non-clinical toxicological studies. | the purpose of this study is to better characterize the hematological, biochemical, respiratory, cardiovascular and electroneurophysiological parameters in young adult cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus of both sexes. the rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys are widely used as experimental primate models. however, only few articles have been published testing toxicological effects of pharmaceuticals on african green monkey. | 2010 | 20345770 |
| opposite effects of two different strains of equine herpesvirus 1 infection on cytoskeleton composition in equine dermal ed and african green monkey kidney vero cell lines: application of scanning cytometry and confocal-microscopy-based image analysis in a quantitative study. | viruses can reorganize the cytoskeleton and restructure the host cell transport machinery. during infection viruses use different cellular cues and signals to enlist the cytoskeleton for their mission. however, each virus specifically affects the cytoskeleton structure. thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the cytoskeletal changes in homologous equine dermal (ed) and heterologous vero cell lines infected with either equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) strain rac-h or jan-e. we found that rac-h ... | 2010 | 20349252 |
| cyclohexene, diketopiperazine, lactone and phenol derivatives from the sea fan-derived fungi nigrospora sp. psu-f11 and psu-f12. | nigrosporanenes a (1) and b (2), two new cylohexene derivatives, and tyrosol (3) were isolated from the sea fan-derived fungus nigrospora sp. psu-f11, whereas five known compounds: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), aplysiopsene d (5), 3-isochromanone (6), (-)-drimenin (7) and diketopiperazine derivative (8), were obtained from the fungus nigrospora sp. psu-f12. their structures were established by spectroscopic evidence. we also tested their cytotoxic (on african green monkey kidney fibroblast and brea ... | 2010 | 20361301 |
| bile tolerant lactobacillus reuteri isolated from pig feces inhibits enteric bacterial pathogens and porcine rotavirus. | lactic acid producing bacterial strain probio-16 was isolated from the swine excrements under anaerobic conditions and characterized by morphology and biochemical characteristics. the strain was further identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing and phylogeneitc analysis. the antimicrobial activity of the strain was assayed by testing for growth inhibition of thirteen pathogenic microorganisms. the strain was tested for antiviral activity against porcine rotavirus in vitro in african green monkey ep ... | 2010 | 20396947 |
| evaluation of miosis, behavior and cholinesterase inhibition from low-level, whole-body vapor exposure to soman in african green monkeys (chlorocebus sabeus). | relatively little is known about the effects of very low-level exposures to nerve agents where few signs or symptoms are present. | 2010 | 20412376 |
| experimental depletion of cd8+ cells in acutely sivagm-infected african green monkeys results in increased viral replication. | in vivo cd8+ cell depletions in pathogenic siv infections identified a key role for cellular immunity in controlling viral load (vl) and disease progression. however, similar studies gave discordant results in chronically-infected sms, leading some authors to propose that in natural hosts, siv replication is independent of cellular immunity. to assess the role of cellular immune responses in the control of siv replication in natural hosts, we investigated the impact of cd8+ cell depletion during ... | 2010 | 20459829 |
| clinicopathologic characterization of naturally occurring diabetes mellitus in vervet monkeys. | diabetes mellitus (dm) is a group of chronic metabolic diseases characterized by persistent fasting hyperglycemia, and it can be of either polygenic or monogenic origin. animal models have played an important role in elucidating the pathophysiology of the polygenic type 1 and type 2 dm forms; however, useful animal models of the monogenic forms do not exist. the authors describe 4 cases of naturally occurring dm in vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus), 1 of which has clinicopathologic f ... | 2010 | 20460450 |
| uridine uptake by nerve cells of the grivet monkey and its relation to cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid concentration. | following intravenous injection of tritiated uridine to a grivet monkey, the uptake in nerve cell nuclei was determined autoradiographically in different brain regions, in the choroid plexus, liver and kidney. it is shown (1) that there are obvious differences in the labelling in different brain areas, and (2) that the labelling, compared with earlier results in mice, is the same in some regions but different in others. the uridine labelling was inversely related to the microspectrophotometrical ... | 1983 | 20487981 |
| development of an acute and highly pathogenic nonhuman primate model of nipah virus infection. | nipah virus (niv) is an enigmatic emerging pathogen that causes severe and often fatal neurologic and/or respiratory disease in both animals and humans. amongst people, case fatality rates range between 40 and 75 percent and there are no vaccines or treatments approved for human use. guinea pigs, hamsters, cats, ferrets, pigs and most recently squirrel monkeys (new world monkey) have been evaluated as animal models of human niv infection, and with the exception of the ferret, no model recapitula ... | 2010 | 20502528 |
| rvx-208: a small molecule that increases apolipoprotein a-i and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in vitro and in vivo. | the aim of this study was to determine whether a novel small molecule rvx-208 affects apolipoprotein (apo)a-i and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c) levels in vitro and in vivo. | 2010 | 20513599 |
| ratio of hcv structural antigens in protein-based vaccine formulations is critical for functional immune response induction. | hcv (hepatitis c virus) infection is among the leading causes of chronic liver disease, but currently there is no vaccine available. data have accumulated about the importance of targeting different hcv antigens in vaccine candidate preparations. here, a surface response study to select the optimal ratio of recombinant hcv structural antigens in a vaccine preparation, capable of generating in vivo functional cellular immune response in mice, was performed. the immunogenicity of the selected hcv ... | 2010 | 20515441 |
| clinical chemistry and hematology values in a caribbean population of african green monkeys. | hematology and clinical chemistry (hcc) reference values are critical in veterinary practice and in vivo pre-clinical research, enabling detection of health abnormalities, response to therapeutic intervention or adverse toxicological effects, as well as monitoring of clinical management. | 2010 | 20524957 |
| th17 cells and hiv infection. | this review summarizes the recent literature about the potential perturbation and role of th17 cells in hiv pathogenesis. we discuss the recent findings on th17 deficiency in hiv/simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection and how this deficiency may impact the mucosal host defenses, potentially contributing to chronic immune activation. | 2010 | 20543592 |
| th17 cells in natural siv hosts. | to summarize our current understanding of the regulation of th17 cells in pathogenic and nonpathogenic lentiviral infections. | 2010 | 20543595 |
| besnoitia neotomofelis n. sp. (protozoa: apicomplexa) from the southern plains woodrat ( neotoma micropus). | certain species of the protozoan genus besnoitia cause clinical disease in livestock and wildlife. in the present paper a new species, besnoitia neotomofelis is described from the southern planes woodrat (neotoma micropus). the parasite was detected by bioassay of woodrat tissues in outbred swiss webster mice in an attempt to isolate toxoplasma gondii. initially, the organism was misdiagnosed as t. gondii because it was highly pathogenic for mice and its tachyzoites resembled t. gondii tachyzoit ... | 2010 | 20561393 |
| new world hantaviruses activate ifnlambda production in type i ifn-deficient vero e6 cells. | hantaviruses indigenous to the new world are the etiologic agents of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps). these viruses induce a strong interferon-stimulated gene (isg) response in human endothelial cells. african green monkey-derived vero e6 cells are used to propagate hantaviruses as well as many other viruses. the utility of the vero e6 cell line for virus production is thought to owe to their lack of genes encoding type i interferons (ifn), rendering them unable to mount an efficient ... | 2010 | 20567522 |