| genome-wide identification and analysis of the myb transcription factor superfamily in solanum lycopersicum. | myb proteins constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in the plant kingdom, members of which perform a variety of functions in plant biological processes. however, there are only very limited reports on the characterization of myb transcription factors in tomato (solanum lycopersicum). in our study, a total of 127 myb genes have been identified in the tomato genome. a complete overview of these myb genes is presented, including the phylogeny, gene structures, protein motifs, c ... | 2016 | 27279646 |
| comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat. | annexins are an evolutionarily conserved multigene family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins that play important roles in stress resistance and plant development. they have been relatively well characterized in model plants arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa), but nothing has been reported in hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) and barely (hordeum vulgare), which are the two most economically important plants. | 2016 | 27236332 |
| overexpression of wheat gene tamor improves root system architecture and grain yield in oryza sativa. | improved root architecture is an effective strategy to increase crop yield. we demonstrate that overexpression of transcription factor gene more root (tamor) from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) results in more roots and higher grain yield in rice (oryza sativa). tamor, encoding a plant-specific transcription factor belonging to the asymmetric leaves2/lateral organ boundaries (as2/lob) protein family, is highly conserved in wheat and its wild relatives. in this study, tissue expression patterns ind ... | 2016 | 27229732 |
| metabolism of l-arabinose in plants. | l-arabinose (l-ara) is a plant-specific sugar accounting for 5-10 % of cell wall saccharides in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa). l-ara occurs in pectic arabinan, rhamnogalacturonan ii, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan-protein (agp), and extensin in the cell walls, as well as in glycosylated signaling peptides like clavata3 and small glycoconjugates such as quercetin 3-o-arabinoside. this review focuses on recent advances towards understanding the generation of l-ara and t ... | 2016 | 27220955 |
| members of btb gene family of scaffold proteins suppress nitrate uptake and nitrogen use efficiency. | development of crops with improved nitrogen use efficiency (nue) is essential for sustainable agriculture. however, achieving this goal has proven difficult since nue is a complex trait encompassing physiological and developmental processes. we thought to tackle this problem by taking a systems biology approach to identify candidate target genes. first, we used a supervised machine-learning algorithm to predict a nue gene network in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). second, we identified bt2, ... | 2016 | 27208309 |
| albino leaf1 that encodes the sole octotricopeptide repeat protein is responsible for chloroplast development. | chloroplast, the photosynthetic organelle in plants, plays a crucial role in plant development and growth through manipulating the capacity of photosynthesis. however, the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development still remains elusive. here, we characterized a mutant with defective chloroplasts in rice (oryza sativa), termed albino leaf1 (al1), which exhibits a distinct albino phenotype in leaves, eventually leading to al1 seedling lethality. electronic microscopy observation demonstrated ... | 2016 | 27208287 |
| genome-wide characterization of soybean p 1b -atpases gene family provides functional implications in cadmium responses. | the p1b-atpase subfamily is an important group involved in transporting heavy metals and has been extensively studied in model plants, such as arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. emerging evidence indicates that one homolog in glycine max is also involved in cadmium (cd) stress, but the gene family has not been fully investigated in soybean. | 2016 | 27207280 |
| isomir bank: a research resource for tracking isomirs. | : next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology has revealed that micrornas (mirnas) are capable of exhibiting frequent differences from their corresponding mature reference sequences, generating multiple variants: the isoforms of mirnas (isomirs). these isomirs mainly originate via the imprecise and alternative cleavage during the pre-mirna processing and post-transcriptional modifications that influence mirna stability, their sub-cellular localization and target selection. although several tools ... | 2016 | 27153728 |
| genome-wide identification and characterization of novel lncrnas in populus under nitrogen deficiency. | long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) have been identified as important regulatory factors of gene expression in eukaryotic species, such as homo sapiens, arabidopsis thaliana, and oryza sativa. however, the systematic identification of potential lncrnas in trees is comparatively rare. in particular, the characteristics, expression, and regulatory roles of lncrnas in trees under nutrient stress remain largely unknown. a genome-wide strategy was used in this investigation to identify and characterize no ... | 2016 | 27138920 |
| analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements of respiratory burst oxidase homolog (rboh) gene families in arabidopsis and rice provides clues for their diverse functions. | nadph oxidase (nox) is a critical enzyme in the production of reactive oxygen species (ros). it catalyzes the production of apoplastic superoxide (o2(-)), that regulates a wide array of biological functions in different organisms. plant noxes are homologs of catalytic subunit of mammalian nadph oxidase and are well-known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (rbohs). in recent years, there has been growing interest to study plant noxes due to their versatile roles in plant systems. in the presen ... | 2016 | 27111707 |
| identification of reference genes for quantitative expression analysis using large-scale rna-seq data of arabidopsis thaliana and model crop plants. | in quantitative gene expression analysis, normalization using a reference gene as an internal control is frequently performed for appropriate interpretation of the results. efforts have been devoted to exploring superior novel reference genes using microarray transcriptomic data and to evaluating commonly used reference genes by targeting analysis. however, because the number of specifically detectable genes is totally dependent on probe design in the microarray analysis, exploration using micro ... | 2016 | 27040147 |
| acyl-coa-binding proteins (acbps) in plant development. | acyl-coa-binding proteins (acbps) play a pivotal role in fatty acid metabolism because they can transport medium- and long-chain acyl-coa esters. in eukaryotic cells, acbps are involved in intracellular trafficking of acyl-coa esters and formation of a cytosolic acyl-coa pool. in addition to these ubiquitous functions, more specific non-redundant roles of plant acbp subclasses are implicated by the existence of multigene families with variable molecular masses, ligand specificities, functional d ... | 2016 | 27023243 |
| role of lipid metabolism in plant pollen exine development. | pollen plays important roles in the life cycle of angiosperms plants. it acts as not only a biological protector of male sperms but also a communicator between the male and the female reproductive organs, facilitating pollination and fertilization. pollen is produced within the anther, and covered by the specialized outer envelope, pollen wall. although the morphology of pollen varies among different plant species, the pollen wall is mainly comprised of three layers: the pollen coat, the outer e ... | 2016 | 27023241 |
| sumo proteases: uncovering the roles of desumoylation in plants. | plants have evolved to cope with changing environmental conditions. one way plants achieve this is through post-translational modification of target proteins by ubiquitination and sumoylation. these post-translational modifiers (pms) can alter stability, protein-protein interactions, and the overall fate of the protein. both of these systems have remarkable similarities in terms of the process leading to attachment of the pm to its substrate : having to undertake activation, conjugation, and fin ... | 2016 | 27012284 |
| transferring an optimized tap-toolbox for the isolation of protein complexes to a portfolio of rice tissues. | proteins are the cell's functional entities. rather than operating independently, they interact with other proteins. capturing in vivo protein complexes is therefore crucial to gain understanding of the function of a protein in a cellular context. affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry has proven to yield a wealth of information about protein complex constitutions for a broad range of organisms. for oryza sativa, the technique has been initiated in callus and shoots, but has not been ... | 2016 | 27003905 |
| [the application of genome editing in identification of plant gene function and crop breeding]. | plant genome can be modified via current biotechnology with high specificity and excellent efficiency. zinc finger nucleases (zfn), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (talen) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)/crispr-associated 9 (cas9) system are the key engineered nucleases used in the genome editing. genome editing techniques enable gene targeted mutagenesis, gene knock-out, gene insertion or replacement at the target sites during the endogenou ... | 2016 | 27001477 |
| molecular evolution and gene expression differences within the hd-zip transcription factor family of zea mays l. | homeodomain-leucine zipper (hd-zip) transcription factors regulate developmental processes and stress responses in plants, and they vary widely in gene number and family structure. in this study, 55 predicted maize hd-zip genes were systematically analyzed with respect to their phylogenetic relationships, molecular evolution, and gene expression in order to understand the functional diversification within the family. phylogenetic analysis of hd-zip proteins from zea mays, oryza sativa, arabidops ... | 2016 | 26979310 |
| ectopic expression of a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase gene ptcyp714a3 from populus trichocarpa reduces shoot growth and improves tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice. | in arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa, the cytochrome p450 (cyp) 714 protein family represents a unique group of cyp monooxygenase, which functions as a shoot-specific regulator in plant development through gibberellin deactivation. here, we report the functional characterizations of ptcyp714a3, an oscyp714d1/eui homologue from populus trichocarpa. ptcyp714a3 was ubiquitously expressed with the highest transcript level in cambium-phloem tissues, and was greatly induced by salt and osmotic str ... | 2016 | 26970512 |
| overexpression of the rice akt1 potassium channel affects potassium nutrition and rice drought tolerance. | potassium (k(+)) is the most important cationic nutrient for all living organisms and has roles in most aspects of plant physiology. to assess the impact of one of the main k(+) uptake components, the k(+) inward rectifying channel akt1, we characterized both loss of function and overexpression of osakt1 in rice. in many conditions, akt1 expression correlated with k(+) uptake and tissue k(+) levels. no salinity-related growth phenotype was observed for either loss or gain of function mutants. ho ... | 2016 | 26969743 |
| transcriptomes of plant gametophytes have a higher proportion of rapidly evolving and young genes than sporophytes. | reproductive traits in plants tend to evolve rapidly due to various causes that include plant-pollinator coevolution and pollen competition, but the genomic basis of reproductive trait evolution is still largely unknown. to characterize evolutionary patterns of genome wide gene expression in reproductive tissues in the gametophyte and to compare them to developmental stages of the sporophyte, we analyzed evolutionary conservation and genetic diversity of protein-coding genes using microarray-bas ... | 2016 | 26956888 |
| characterization of a small acyl-coa-binding protein (acbp) from helianthus annuus l. and its binding affinities. | acyl-coa-binding proteins (acbps) bind to acyl-coa esters and promote their interaction with other proteins, lipids and cell structures. small class i acbps have been identified in different plants, such as arabidopsis thaliana (atacbp6), brassica napus (bnacbp) and oryza sativa (osacbp1, osacbp2, osacbp3), and they are capable of binding to different acyl-coa esters and phospholipids. here we characterize haacbp6, a class i acbp expressed in sunflower (helianthus annuus) tissues, studying the s ... | 2016 | 26938582 |
| genome-wide identification and evolutionary analyses of the pp2c gene family with their expression profiling in response to multiple stresses in brachypodium distachyon. | the type-2c protein phosphatases (pp2cs), negatively regulating aba responses and mapk cascade pathways, play important roles in stress signal transduction in plants. brachypodium distachyon is a new model plant for exploring the functional genomics of temperate grasses, cereals and biofuel crops. to date, genome-wide identification and analysis of the pp2c gene family in b. distachyon have not been investigated. | 2016 | 26935448 |
| three-dimensional imaging of plant organs using a simple and rapid transparency technique. | clearing techniques eliminate factors that interfere with microscopic observation, including light scattering and absorption by pigments and cytoplasmic components. the techniques allow fluorescence-based detailed analyses of materials and characterization of the three-dimensional structure of organs. we describe a simple and rapid clearing and imaging method, termed 'tomei' (transparent plant organ method for imaging), which enables microscopic observation of intact plant organs. this method in ... | 2016 | 26928932 |
| computational identification and comparative analysis of mirna precursors in three palm species. | in the present study, mirna precursors in the genomes of three palm species were identified. analyzes of sequence conservation and biological function of their putative targets contribute to understand the roles of mirna in palm biology. micrornas are small rnas of 20-25 nucleotides in length, with important functions in the regulation of gene expression. recent genome sequencing of the palm species elaeis guineensis, elaeis oleifera and phoenix dactylifera have enabled the discovery of mirna ge ... | 2016 | 26919984 |
| bioinformatic identification and analysis of extensins in the plant kingdom. | extensins (exts) are a family of plant cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (hrgps) that are implicated to play important roles in plant growth, development, and defense. structurally, exts are characterized by the repeated occurrence of serine (ser) followed by three to five prolines (pro) residues, which are hydroxylated as hydroxyproline (hyp) and glycosylated. some exts have tyrosine (tyr)-x-tyr (where x can be any amino acid) motifs that are responsible for intramolecular or intermol ... | 2016 | 26918442 |
| atp binding cassette g transporters and plant male reproduction. | the function of atp binding cassette g (abcg) transporters in the regulation of plant vegetative organs development has been well characterized in various plant species. in contrast, their function in reproductive development particularly male reproductive development received considerably less attention till some abcg transporters was reported to be associated with anther and pollen wall development in arabidopsis thaliana and rice (oryza sativa) during the past decade. this mini-review summari ... | 2016 | 26906115 |
| heterologous expression of atwrky57 confers drought tolerance in oryza sativa. | drought stress is a severe environmental factor that greatly restricts plant distribution and crop production. recently, we have found that overexpressing atwrky57 enhanced drought tolerance in arabidopsis thaliana. in this study, we further reported that the arabidopsis wrky57 transcription factor was able to confer drought tolerance to transgenic rice (oryza sativa) plants. the enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic rice was resulted from the lower water loss rates, cell death, malondialdehy ... | 2016 | 26904091 |
| the arabidopsis transcriptional regulator dpb3-1 enhances heat stress tolerance without growth retardation in rice. | the enhancement of heat stress tolerance in crops is an important challenge for food security to facilitate adaptation to global warming. in arabidopsis thaliana, the transcriptional regulator dna polymerase ii subunit b3-1 (dpb3-1)/nuclear factor y subunit c10 (nf-yc10) has been reported as a positive regulator of dehydration-responsive element binding protein 2a (dreb2a), and the overexpression of dpb3-1 enhances heat stress tolerance without growth retardation. here, we show that dpb3-1 inter ... | 2016 | 26841113 |
| the della protein slr1 integrates and amplifies salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-dependent innate immunity in rice. | gibberellins are a class of tetracyclic plant hormones that are well known to promote plant growth by inducing the degradation of a class of nuclear growth-repressing proteins, called dellas. in recent years, ga and dellas are also increasingly implicated in plant responses to pathogen attack, although our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is still limited, especially in monocotyledonous crop plants. aiming to further decipher the molecular underpinnings of ga- and della-modulated plant ... | 2016 | 26829979 |
| different sets of post-embryonic development genes are conserved or lost in two caryophyllales species (reaumuria soongorica and agriophyllum squarrosum). | reaumuria soongorica and sand rice (agriophyllum squarrosum) belong to the clade of caryophyllales and are widely distributed in the desert regions of north china. both plants have evolved many specific traits and adaptation strategies to cope with recurring environmental threats. however, the genetic basis that underpins their unique traits and adaptation remains unknown. in this study, the transcriptome data of r. soongorica and sand rice were compared with three other species with previously ... | 2016 | 26815143 |
| frequent chloroplast rna editing in early-branching flowering plants: pilot studies on angiosperm-wide coexistence of editing sites and their nuclear specificity factors. | rna editing by cytidine-to-uridine conversions is an essential step of rna maturation in plant organelles. some 30-50 sites of c-to-u rna editing exist in chloroplasts of flowering plant models like arabidopsis, rice or tobacco. we now predicted significantly more rna editing in chloroplasts of early-branching angiosperm genera like amborella, calycanthus, ceratophyllum, chloranthus, illicium, liriodendron, magnolia, nuphar and zingiber. nuclear-encoded rna-binding pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) ... | 2016 | 26809609 |
| osvil1 controls flowering time in rice by suppressing oslf under short days and by inducing ghd7 under long days. | osvil1 is associated with a prc2-like complex through its fibronectin type iii domain to activate flowering by suppressing oslf under sd and delay flowering by inducing ghd7 under ld. polycomb repressive complex 2 (prc2) inhibits the expression of target genes by modifying histone proteins. although several genes that epigenetically regulate flowering time have been identified in arabidopsis thaliana and rice (oryza sativa), the molecular mechanism by which prc2 affects flowering time has not be ... | 2016 | 26795142 |
| h3k36ac is an evolutionary conserved plant histone modification that marks active genes. | in eukaryotic cells, histones are subject to a large number of posttranslational modifications whose sequential or combinatorial action affects chromatin structure and genome function. we identified acetylation at lys-36 in histone h3 (h3k36ac) as a new chromatin modification in plants. the h3k36ac modification is evolutionary conserved in seed plants, including the gymnosperm norway spruce (picea abies) and the angiosperms rice (oryza sativa), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), and arabidopsis (arabi ... | 2016 | 26764380 |
| constitutive expression of osiaa9 affects starch granules accumulation and root gravitropic response in arabidopsis. | auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (aux/iaa) genes are early auxin response genes ecoding short-lived transcriptional repressors, which regulate auxin signaling in plants by interplay with auxin response factors (arfs). most of the aux/iaa proteins contain four different domains, namely domain i, domain ii, domain iii, and domain iv. so far all aux/iaa mutants with auxin-related phenotypes identified in both arabidopsis and rice (oryza sativa) are dominant gain-of-function mutants with mutations in doma ... | 2015 | 26734051 |
| selecting superior de novo transcriptome assemblies: lessons learned by leveraging the best plant genome. | whereas de novo assemblies of rna-seq data are being published for a growing number of species across the tree of life, there are currently no broadly accepted methods for evaluating such assemblies. here we present a detailed comparison of 99 transcriptome assemblies, generated with 6 de novo assemblers including clc, trinity, soap, oases, abyss and nextgene. controlled analyses of de novo assemblies for arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa transcriptomes provide new insights into the strength ... | 2016 | 26731733 |
| osbri1 activates br signaling by preventing binding between the tpr and kinase domains of osbsk3 via phosphorylation. | many plant receptor kinases transduce signals through receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (rlcks); however, the molecular mechanisms that create an effective on-off switch are unknown. the receptor kinase br insensitive1 (bri1) transduces brassinosteroid (br) signal by phosphorylating members of the br-signaling kinase (bsk) family of rlcks, which contain a kinase domain and a c-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (tpr) domain. here, we show that the br signaling function of bsks is conserved in ara ... | 2016 | 26697897 |
| high-resolution mapping of h4k16 and h3k23 acetylation reveals conserved and unique distribution patterns in arabidopsis and rice. | histone acetylation and deacetylation are key epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms that play critical roles in eukaryotes. acetylation of histone 4 lysine 16 (h4k16ac) is implicated in many cellular processes. however, its biological function and relationship with transcription are largely unexplored in plants. we generated first genome-wide high-resolution maps of h4k16ac in arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. we showed that h4k16ac is preferentially enriched around the transcription start ... | 2015 | 26646900 |
| detection and isolation of plant-associated bacteria scavenging atmospheric molecular hydrogen. | high-affinity hydrogen (h2 )-oxidizing bacteria possessing group 5 [nife]-hydrogenase genes are important contributors to atmospheric h2 uptake in soil environments. although previous studies reported the occurrence of a significant h2 uptake activity in vegetation, there has been no report on the identification and diversity of the responsible microorganisms. here, we show the existence of plant-associated bacteria with the ability to consume atmospheric h2 that may be a potential energy source ... | 2016 | 26636257 |
| genome-wide identification and analysis of the vq motif-containing protein family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis). | previous studies have showed that the vq motif-containing proteins in arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa play an important role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. however, little is known about the functions of the vq genes in brassica rapa (chinese cabbage). in this study, we performed genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the vq genes in chinese cabbage, especially under adverse environment. we identified 57 vq genes and classified them in ... | 2015 | 26633387 |
| development of primer pairs from diverse chloroplast genomes for use in plant phylogenetic research. | variation in the chloroplast dna sequence is useful for plant phylogenetic studies. however, the number of variable sequences provided by chloroplast dna for suggested genes or genomic regions in plant phylogenetic analyses is often inadequate. to identify conserved regions that can be used to design primers and amplify variable sequences for use in plant phylogenetic studies, the complete chloroplast genomic sequences of six plant species (including oryza sativa, arabidopsis thaliana, glycine m ... | 2015 | 26600547 |
| genomic and post-translational modification analysis of leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases in brassica rapa. | among several receptor-like kinases (rlks), leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases (lrr-rlks) are a major group of genes that play crucial roles in growth, development and stress responses in plant systems. given that they have several functional roles, it is important to investigate their roles in brassica rapa. in the present study, 303 lrr-rlks were identified in the genome of b. rapa and comparative phylogenetic analysis of 1213 combined lrr-rlks of b. rapa, arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sa ... | 2015 | 26588465 |
| smax1-like/d53 family members enable distinct max2-dependent responses to strigolactones and karrikins in arabidopsis. | the plant hormones strigolactones and smoke-derived karrikins are butenolide signals that control distinct aspects of plant development. perception of both molecules in arabidopsis thaliana requires the f-box protein more axillary growth2 (max2). recent studies suggest that the homologous suppressor of max2 1 (smax1) in arabidopsis and dwarf53 (d53) in rice (oryza sativa) are downstream targets of max2. through an extensive analysis of loss-of-function mutants, we demonstrate that the arabidopsi ... | 2015 | 26546447 |
| strigolactone signaling in arabidopsis regulates shoot development by targeting d53-like smxl repressor proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. | strigolactones (sls) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones that control many aspects of plant development, including shoot branching, leaf shape, stem secondary thickening, and lateral root growth. in rice (oryza sativa), sl signaling requires the degradation of dwarf53 (d53), mediated by a complex including d14 and d3, but in arabidopsis thaliana, the components and mechanism of sl signaling involving the d3 ortholog more axillary growth2 (max2) are unknown. here, we show that sl-dependent regul ... | 2015 | 26546446 |
| chloroplasts in anther endothecium of zea mays (poaceae). | although anthers of zea mays, oryza sativa, and arabidopsis thaliana have been studied intensively using genetic and biochemical analyses in the past 20 years, few updates to anther anatomical and ultrastructural descriptions have been reported. for example, no transmission electron microscopy (tem) images of the premeiotic maize anther have been published. here we report the presence of chloroplasts in maize anthers. | 2015 | 26526813 |
| uniprotkb/swiss-prot, the manually annotated section of the uniprot knowledgebase: how to use the entry view. | the universal protein resource (uniprot, http://www.uniprot.org ) consortium is an initiative of the sib swiss institute of bioinformatics (sib), the european bioinformatics institute (ebi) and the protein information resource (pir) to provide the scientific community with a central resource for protein sequences and functional information. the uniprot consortium maintains the uniprot knowledgebase (uniprotkb), updated every 4 weeks, and several supplementary databases including the uniprot refe ... | 2016 | 26519399 |
| plant abc transporters: time for biochemistry? | atp-binding cassette (abc) proteins form a large and ubiquitous family, most members of which are membrane-associated primary transporters. plant genomes code for a particularly large number of these abc proteins, with more than 120 genes present in both arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa (rice). although plant abc transporters were initially identified as detoxifiers, sequestering xenobitotics into the vacuole, they were later found to be involved in a wide range of essential physiological p ... | 2015 | 26517906 |
| engineering monolignol p-coumarate conjugates into poplar and arabidopsis lignins. | lignin acylation, the decoration of hydroxyls on lignin structural units with acyl groups, is common in many plant species. monocot lignins are decorated with p-coumarates by the polymerization of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates. the acyltransferase involved in the formation of these conjugates has been identified in a number of model monocot species, but the effect of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates on lignification and plant growth and development has not yet been examined in plants that d ... | 2015 | 26511914 |
| enhanced sucrose loading improves rice yield by increasing grain size. | yield in cereals is a function of grain number and size. sucrose (suc), the main carbohydrate product of photosynthesis in higher plants, is transported long distances from source leaves to sink organs such as seeds and roots. here, we report that transgenic rice plants (oryza sativa) expressing the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) phloem-specific suc transporter (atsuc2), which loads suc into the phloem under control of the phloem protein2 promoter (ppp2), showed an increase in grain yield of ... | 2015 | 26504138 |
| structure of a eukaryotic sweet transporter in a homotrimeric complex. | eukaryotes rely on efficient distribution of energy and carbon skeletons between organs in the form of sugars. glucose in animals and sucrose in plants serve as the dominant distribution forms. cellular sugar uptake and release require vesicular and/or plasma membrane transport proteins. humans and plants use proteins from three superfamilies for sugar translocation: the major facilitator superfamily (mfs), the sodium solute symporter family (ssf; only in the animal kingdom), and sweets. sweets ... | 2015 | 26479032 |
| mining microsatellite markers from public expressed sequence tags databases for the study of threatened plants. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are widely used in population genetic studies but their classical development is costly and time-consuming. the ever-increasing available dna datasets generated by high-throughput techniques offer an inexpensive alternative for ssrs discovery. expressed sequence tags (ests) have been widely used as ssr source for plants of economic relevance but their application to non-model species is still modest. | 2015 | 26463180 |
| callose synthesis during reproductive development in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. | callose, a linear β-1,3-glucan molecule, plays important roles in a variety of processes in angiosperms, including development and the response to biotic and abiotic stress. despite the importance of callose deposition, our understanding of the roles of callose in rice reproductive development and the regulation of callose biosynthesis is limited. glucan synthase-like genes encode callose synthases (gsls), which function in the production of callose at diverse sites in plants. studies have shown ... | 2016 | 26451709 |
| introns structure patterns of variation in nucleotide composition in arabidopsis thaliana and rice protein-coding genes. | plant genomes present a continuous range of variation in nucleotide composition (g + c content). in coding regions, g + c-poor species tend to have unimodal distributions of g + c content among genes within genomes and slight 5'-3' gradients along genes. in contrast, g + c-rich species display bimodal distributions of g + c content among genes and steep 5'-3' decreasing gradients along genes. the causes of these peculiar patterns are still poorly understood. within two species (arabidopsis thali ... | 2015 | 26450849 |
| genetic and biochemical mechanisms of pollen wall development. | the pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell wall matrix that surrounds male gametophytes and plays an essential role in plant reproduction. uncovering the mechanisms that control the synthesis and polymerization of the precursors of pollen wall components has been a major research focus in plant biology. we review current knowledge on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying pollen wall development in eudicot model arabidopsis thaliana and monocot model rice (oryza sativa), focu ... | 2015 | 26442683 |
| from arabidopsis to cereal crops: conservation of chloroplast protein degradation by autophagy indicates its fundamental role in plant productivity. | autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process leading to the degradation of intracellular components in eukaryotes, which is important for nutrient recycling especially in response to starvation conditions. nutrient recycling is an essential process that underpins productivity in crop plants, such that remobilized nitrogen derived from older organs supports the formation of new organs or grain-filling within a plant. we extended our understanding of autophagy in a model plant, arabidopsis tha ... | 2015 | 26440746 |
| sequential solvent induced phase transition extraction for profiling of endogenous phytohormones in plants by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | in the current study, a novel method for high-throughput and sensitive determination of 12 phytohormones in plants was developed by using sequential solvent induced phase transition extraction (sipte) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (uplc-ms/ms). in sequential sipte, 0.1% formic acid (v/v) and 50mm nahco3 aqueous solution were used for enrichment and purification of alkaline and acidic phytohormones from the acetonitrile extract of plant tissues in s ... | 2015 | 26439536 |
| identification, classification, and expression profiles of heat shock transcription factors in tea plant (camellia sinensis) under temperature stress. | in vascular plants, heat shock transcription factors (hsfs) regulate heat stress response by regulating the expression of heat shock proteins. this study systematically and comprehensively analyzed the hsf family in tea plant [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. a total of 16 cshsfs were identified from the transcriptome database of tea plant and analyzed for their phylogenetic relationships, motifs, and physicochemical characteristics. on the basis of the phylogenetic comparison of tea plant wit ... | 2016 | 26431998 |
| plantdhs: a database for dnase i hypersensitive sites in plants. | gene expression is regulated by orchestrated binding of regulatory proteins to promoters and other cis-regulatory dna elements (cres). several plant databases have been developed for mapping promoters or dna motifs associated with promoters. however, there is a lack of databases that allow investigation for all cres. here we present plantdhs (http://plantdhs.org), a plant dnase i hypersensitive site (dhs) database that integrates histone modification, rna sequencing, nucleosome positioning/occup ... | 2016 | 26400163 |
| two atp binding cassette g transporters, rice atp binding cassette g26 and atp binding cassette g15, collaboratively regulate rice male reproduction. | male reproduction in higher plants requires the support of various metabolites, including lipid molecules produced in the innermost anther wall layer (the tapetum), but how the molecules are allocated among different anther tissues remains largely unknown. previously, rice (oryza sativa) atp binding cassette g15 (abcg15) and its arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) ortholog were shown to be required for pollen exine formation. here, we report the significant role of osabcg26 in regulating the deve ... | 2015 | 26392263 |
| comparative genomic analysis of the wrky iii gene family in populus, grape, arabidopsis and rice. | wrky iii genes have significant functions in regulating plant development and resistance. in plant, wrky gene family has been studied in many species, however, there still lack a comprehensive analysis of wrky iii genes in the woody plant species poplar, three representative lineages of flowering plant species are incorporated in most analyses: arabidopsis (a model plant for annual herbaceous dicots), grape (one model plant for perennial dicots) and oryza sativa (a model plant for monocots). | 2015 | 26350041 |
| the polyamine oxidase from lycophyte selaginella lepidophylla (selpao5), unlike that of angiosperms, back-converts thermospermine to norspermidine. | in the phylogeny of plant polyamine oxidases (paos), clade iii members from angiosperms, such as arabidopsis thaliana pao5 and oryza sativa pao1, prefer spermine and thermospermine as substrates and back-convert both of these substrates to spermidine in vitro. a clade iii representative of lycophytes, selpao5 from selaginella lepidophylla, also prefers spermine and thermospermine but instead back-converts these substrates to spermidine and norspermidine, respectively. this finding indicates that ... | 2015 | 26348400 |
| deciphering the roles of acyl-coa-binding proteins in plant cells. | lipid trafficking is vital for metabolite exchange and signal communications between organelles and endomembranes. acyl-coa-binding proteins (acbps) are involved in the intracellular transport, protection, and pool formation of acyl-coa esters, which are important intermediates and regulators in lipid metabolism and cellular signaling. in this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of plant acbp families from a cellular and developmental perspective. plant acbps have been exte ... | 2016 | 26340904 |
| implications of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in soybean drought stress tolerance. | ethylene is a phytohormone known for inducing a triple response in seedlings, leaf abscission and other responses to various stresses. several studies in model plants have evaluated the importance of this hormone in crosstalk signaling with different metabolic pathways, in addition to responses to biotic stresses. however, the mechanism of action in plants of agricultural interest, such as soybean, and its participation in abiotic stresses remain unclear. | 2015 | 26335593 |
| nicotiana sylvestris calcineurin b-like protein nsylcbl10 enhances salt tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis. | nicotiana sylvestris calcineurin b-like protein nsylcbl10 improves tolerance to high-salt stress through better maintenance of na (+) balance. the calcineurin b-like (cbl) proteins represent a unique group of plant calcium sensors and play an important role in regulating the response of a plant cell to the stress. although many studies have been made in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa) and poplar (populus trichocarpa), the characterization and elucidation of the functions ... | 2015 | 26318216 |
| a crispr/cas9 toolbox for multiplexed plant genome editing and transcriptional regulation. | the relative ease, speed, and biological scope of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)/crispr-associated protein9 (cas9)-based reagents for genomic manipulations are revolutionizing virtually all areas of molecular biosciences, including functional genomics, genetics, applied biomedical research, and agricultural biotechnology. in plant systems, however, a number of hurdles currently exist that limit this technology from reaching its full potential. for example, sig ... | 2015 | 26297141 |
| overexpression of bax inhibitor-1 links plasma membrane microdomain proteins to stress. | bax inhibitor-1 (bi-1) is a cell death suppressor widely conserved in plants and animals. overexpression of bi-1 enhances tolerance to stress-induced cell death in plant cells, although the molecular mechanism behind this enhancement is unclear. we recently found that arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) bi-1 is involved in the metabolism of sphingolipids, such as the synthesis of 2-hydroxy fatty acids, suggesting the involvement of sphingolipids in the cell death regulatory mechanism downstream o ... | 2015 | 26297139 |
| mutation of fdc2 gene encoding a ferredoxin-like protein with c-terminal extension causes yellow-green leaf phenotype in rice. | ferredoxins (fds) are small iron-sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a wide range of metabolic reactions. besides fds, there is a type of fd-like proteins designated as fdc, which have conserved elements of fds, but contain a significant c-terminal extension. so far, only two fdc genes of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) have been identified in higher plants and thus the functions of fdc proteins remain largely unknown. in this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 501ys ... | 2015 | 26259181 |
| biochemical characterization and selective inhibition of β-carotene cis-trans isomerase d27 and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase ccd8 on the strigolactone biosynthetic pathway. | the first three enzymatic steps of the strigolactone biosynthetic pathway catalysed by β-carotene cis-trans isomerase dwarf27 (d27) from oryza sativa and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases ccd7 and ccd8 from arabidopsis thaliana have been reconstituted in vitro, and kinetic assays have been developed for each enzyme, in order to develop selective enzyme inhibitors. recombinant osd27 shows a uv-visible λmax at 422 nm and is inactivated by silver(i) acetate, consistent with the presence of an iron-s ... | 2015 | 26257333 |
| comprehensive evolutionary and expression analysis of fcs-like zinc finger gene family yields insights into their origin, expansion and divergence. | plant evolution is characterized by frequent genome duplication events. expansion of habitat resulted in the origin of many novel genes and genome duplication events which in turn resulted in the expansion of many regulatory gene families. the plant-specific fcs-like zinc finger (flz) gene family is characterized by the presence of a fcs-like zinc finger (flz) domain which mediates the protein-protein interaction. in this study, we identified that the expansion of flz gene family size in differe ... | 2015 | 26252898 |
| a chemical genetic strategy identify the phostin, a synthetic molecule that triggers phosphate starvation responses in arabidopsis thaliana. | plants display numerous strategies to cope with phosphate (pi)-deficiency. despite multiple genetic studies, the molecular mechanisms of low-pi-signalling remain unknown. to validate the interest of chemical genetics to investigate this pathway we discovered and analysed the effects of phostin (psn), a drug mimicking pi-starvation in arabidopsis. we assessed the effects of psn and structural analogues on the induction of pi-deficiency responses in mutants and wild-type and followed their accumul ... | 2016 | 26243630 |
| a non-radioactive method for small rna detection by northern blotting. | small non-coding rnas are essential regulators of gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. high-throughput sequencing has revealed thousands of predicted small rnas; however, only a few of these have been well characterized. northern blotting is the most convincing method for small rna validation. | 2014 | 26224555 |
| a novel gene, ozone-responsive apoplastic protein1, enhances cell death in ozone stress in rice. | a novel protein, ozone-responsive apoplastic protein1 (osorap1), was characterized, which was previously suggested as a candidate gene underlying ozt9, a quantitative trait locus for ozone stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa). the sequence of osorap1 was similar to that of ascorbate oxidase (ao) proteins. it was localized in the apoplast, as shown by transient expression of an osorap1/green fluorescent protein fusion construct in nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal and mesophyll cells, but d ... | 2015 | 26220952 |
| comprehensive identification and expression analysis of hsp90s gene family in solanum lycopersicum. | heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) is a protein produced by plants in response to adverse environmental stresses. in this study, we identified and analyzed hsp90 gene family members using a bioinformatic method based on genomic data from tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.). the results illustrated that tomato contains at least 7 hsp90 genes distributed on 6 chromosomes; protein lengths ranged from 267-794 amino acids. intron numbers ranged from 2-19 in the genes. the phylogenetic tree revealed that hsp9 ... | 2015 | 26214462 |
| a transcriptome-wide study on the microrna- and the argonaute 1-enriched small rna-mediated regulatory networks involved in plant leaf senescence. | leaf senescence is an important physiological process during the plant life cycle. however, systemic studies on the impact of micrornas (mirnas) on the expression of senescence-associated genes (sags) are lacking. besides, whether other argonaute 1 (ago1)-enriched small rnas (srnas) play regulatory roles in leaf senescence remains unclear. in this study, a total of 5,123 and 1,399 ago1-enriched srnas, excluding mirnas, were identified in arabidopsis thaliana and rice (oryza sativa), respectively ... | 2016 | 26206233 |
| widespread noncoding circular rnas in plants. | a large number of noncoding circular rnas (circrnas) with regulatory potency have been identified in animals, but little attention has been given to plant circrnas. we performed genome-wide identification of circrnas in oryza sativa and arabidopsis thaliana using publically available rna-seq data, analyzed and compared features of plant and animal circrnas. circrnas (12037 and 6012) were identified in oryza sativa and arabidopsis thaliana, respectively, with 56% (10/18) of the sampled rice exoni ... | 2015 | 26204923 |
| rna interference knockdown of brassinosteroid insensitive1 in maize reveals novel functions for brassinosteroid signaling in controlling plant architecture. | brassinosteroids (brs) are plant hormones involved in various growth and developmental processes. the br signaling system is well established in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa) but poorly understood in maize (zea mays). brassinosteroid insensitive1 (bri1) is a br receptor, and database searches and additional genomic sequencing identified five maize homologs including duplicate copies of bri1 itself. rna interference (rnai) using the extracellular coding region of a ma ... | 2015 | 26162429 |
| conserved regulatory mechanism controls the development of cells with rooting functions in land plants. | land plants develop filamentous cells-root hairs, rhizoids, and caulonemata-at the interface with the soil. members of the group xi basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors encoded by lotus japonicus roothairless1-like (lrl) genes positively regulate the development of root hairs in the angiosperms lotus japonicus, arabidopsis thaliana, and rice (oryza sativa). here we show that auxin promotes rhizoid and caulonema development by positively regulating the expression of pplrl1 and pplr ... | 2015 | 26150509 |
| copy number variation at the gl7 locus contributes to grain size diversity in rice. | copy number variants (cnvs) are associated with changes in gene expression levels and contribute to various adaptive traits. here we show that a cnv at the grain length on chromosome 7 (gl7) locus contributes to grain size diversity in rice (oryza sativa l.). gl7 encodes a protein homologous to arabidopsis thaliana longifolia proteins, which regulate longitudinal cell elongation. tandem duplication of a 17.1-kb segment at the gl7 locus leads to upregulation of gl7 and downregulation of its nearb ... | 2015 | 26147619 |
| genome-wide nucleosome occupancy and positioning and their impact on gene expression and evolution in plants. | the fundamental unit of chromatin is the nucleosome that consists of a protein octamer composed of the four core histones (hs; h3, h4, h2a, and h2b) wrapped by 147 bp of dna. nucleosome occupancy and positioning have proven to be dynamic and have a critical impact on expression, regulation, and evolution of eukaryotic genes. we developed nucleosome occupancy and positioning data sets using leaf tissue of rice (oryza sativa) and both leaf and flower tissues of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). ... | 2015 | 26143253 |
| histone h2b monoubiquitination mediated by histone monoubiquitination1 and histone monoubiquitination2 is involved in anther development by regulating tapetum degradation-related genes in rice. | histone h2b monoubiquitination (h2bub1) is an important regulatory mechanism in eukaryotic gene transcription and is essential for normal plant development. however, the function of h2bub1 in reproductive development remains elusive. here, we report rice (oryza sativa) histone monoubiquitination1 (oshub1) and oshub2, the homologs of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) hub1 and hub2 proteins, which function as e3 ligases in h2bub1, are involved in late anther development in rice. oshub mutants exh ... | 2015 | 26143250 |
| screening relevant genes of tolerance to low phosphorus in maize using cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism. | soil contains a large amount of phosphorus, but plants cannot absorb most of this phosphorus effectively. low inorganic phosphorus has been singled out as a major constraint that leads to a perpetually low zea mays (maize) grain yield. the fundamental approach to solving this problem is to screen new genes of low phosphorous (lp) tolerance. consequently, the exploration and utilization of lp-tolerant genes are of great significance in plants. the maize inbred line 178 is an inbred lp-tolerant li ... | 2015 | 26125772 |
| succinate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial complex ii) is a source of reactive oxygen species in plants and regulates development and stress responses. | reactive oxygen species (ros) are signaling molecules that regulate plant development and responses to stresses. mitochondria are the source of most ros in heterotrophic cells, and mitochondrial complex i and complex iii are regarded as the main sites of ros production in plant mitochondria. recent studies have demonstrated that succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) also contributes to mitochondrial ros production. however, the ability of sdh to generate ros in plants is unclear. the aim of this study w ... | 2015 | 26082998 |
| completion of tricin biosynthesis pathway in rice: cytochrome p450 75b4 is a unique chrysoeriol 5'-hydroxylase. | flavones are ubiquitously accumulated in land plants, but their biosynthesis in monocots remained largely elusive until recent years. recently, we demonstrated that the rice (oryza sativa) cytochrome p450 enzymes cyp93g1 and cyp93g2 channel flavanones en route to flavone o-linked conjugates and c-glycosides, respectively. in tricin, the 3',5'-dimethoxyflavone nucleus is formed before o-linked conjugations. previously, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylases belonging to the cyp75a subfamily were believed t ... | 2015 | 26082402 |
| integrative comparison of the role of the phosphate response1 subfamily in phosphate signaling and homeostasis in rice. | phosphorus (p), an essential macronutrient for all living cells, is indispensable for agricultural production. although arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) phosphate response1 (phr1) and its orthologs in other species have been shown to function in transcriptional regulation of phosphate (pi) signaling and pi homeostasis, an integrative comparison of phr1-related proteins in rice (oryza sativa) has not previously been reported. here, we identified functional redundancy among three phr1 orthologs ... | 2015 | 26082401 |
| momilactone sensitive proteins in arabidopsis thaliana. | the labdane-related diterpenoid, momilactone b has potent growth inhibitory activity and was demonstrated to play a particularly critical role in the allelopathy of rice (oryza sativa l.). however, there is limited information available about the mode of action of momilactone b on the growth inhibition. the present research describes the effects of momilactone b on protein expression in the early development of arabidopsis thaliana seedling, which was determined by two-dimensional electrophoresi ... | 2015 | 26058145 |
| genome-wide survey and expression analysis of the pub family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinesis). | u-box proteins are widely distributed among eukaryotic organisms and show a higher prevalence in plants than in other organisms. plant u-box (pub) proteins play crucial regulatory roles in various developmental and physiological processes. previously, 64 and 77 pub genes have been identified in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa), respectively. in this study, 101 putative pub genes were identified in the chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis line chiifu-401-42) ge ... | 2015 | 26054324 |
| cross-species network analysis uncovers conserved nitrogen-regulated network modules in rice. | in this study, we used a cross-species network approach to uncover nitrogen (n)-regulated network modules conserved across a model and a crop species. by translating gene network knowledge from the data-rich model arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) to a crop, rice (oryza sativa), we identified evolutionarily conserved n-regulatory modules as targets for translational studies to improve n use efficiency in transgenic plants. to uncover such conserved n-regulatory network modules, we first generat ... | 2015 | 26045464 |
| a gibberellin-mediated della-nac signaling cascade regulates cellulose synthesis in rice. | cellulose, which can be converted into numerous industrial products, has important impacts on the global economy. it has long been known that cellulose synthesis in plants is tightly regulated by various phytohormones. however, the underlying mechanism of cellulose synthesis regulation remains elusive. here, we show that in rice (oryza sativa), gibberellin (ga) signals promote cellulose synthesis by relieving the interaction between slender rice1 (slr1), a della repressor of ga signaling, and na ... | 2015 | 26002868 |
| maohuzi6/ethylene insensitive3-like1 and ethylene insensitive3-like2 regulate ethylene response of roots and coleoptiles and negatively affect salt tolerance in rice. | ethylene plays important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. the ethylene signaling pathway has been studied extensively, mainly in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). however, the molecular mechanism of ethylene signaling is largely unknown in rice (oryza sativa). previously, we have isolated a set of rice ethylene-response mutants. here, we characterized the mutant maohuzi6 (mhz6). through map-based cloning, we found that mhz6 encodes ethylene insensitive3-like1 (oseil1), ... | 2015 | 25995326 |
| droughtdb: an expert-curated compilation of plant drought stress genes and their homologs in nine species. | plants are sessile and therefore exposed to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. drought is the major abiotic stress restricting plant growth worldwide. a number of genes involved in drought stress response have already been characterized, mainly in the model species arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. however, with the aim to produce drought tolerant crop varieties, it is of importance to identify the respective orthologs for each species. we have developed droughtdb, a manually curated ... | 2015 | 25979979 |
| isolation of intact mitochondria from the model plant species arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. | the study of mitochondrial composition, biogenesis, and metabolism requires the isolation of intact functional mitochondria, often in relatively large quantities sufficient for downstream biochemical and proteomic analysis. here we describe techniques optimized for the isolation of functional mitochondria from a variety of tissues from the model monocot and dicot species arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa). | 2015 | 25910723 |
| genome-wide exploration of the molecular evolution and regulatory network of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades upon multiple stresses in brachypodium distachyon. | brachypodium distachyon is emerging as a widely recognized model plant that has very close relations with several economically important poaceae species. mapk cascade is known to be an evolutionarily conserved signaling module involved in multiple stresses. although the gene sequences of mapk and mapkk family have been fully identified in b. distachyon, the information related to the upstream mapkkk gene family especially the regulatory network among mapks, mapkks and mapkkks upon multiple stres ... | 2015 | 25886731 |
| genome-wide survey of the soybean gata transcription factor gene family and expression analysis under low nitrogen stress. | gata transcription factors are transcriptional regulatory proteins that contain a characteristic type-iv zinc finger dna-binding domain and recognize the conserved gata motif in the promoter sequence of target genes. previous studies demonstrated that plant gata factors possess critical functions in developmental control and responses to the environment. to date, the gata factors in soybean (glycine max) have yet to be characterized. thus, this study identified 64 putative gata factors from the ... | 2015 | 25886477 |
| the presence of fucogalactoxyloglucan and its synthesis in rice indicates conserved functional importance in plants. | the predominant structure of the hemicellulose xyloglucan (xyg) found in the cell walls of dicots is a fucogalactoxyg with an xxxg core motif, whereas in the poaceae (grasses and cereals), the structure of xyg is less xylosylated (xxggn core motif) and lacks fucosyl residues. however, specialized tissues of rice (oryza sativa) also contain fucogalactoxyg. orthologous genes of the fucogalactoxyg biosynthetic machinery of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) are present in the rice genome. expressio ... | 2015 | 25869654 |
| copper-induced hydrogen peroxide upregulation of a metallothionein gene, osmt2c, from oryza sativa l. confers copper tolerance in arabidopsis thaliana. | metallothioneins (mts) are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins found in numerous genera and species, but their functions in abiotic stress tolerance remain unclear. here, a mt gene from oryza sativa, osmt2c, was isolated and characterized, encoding a type 2 mt, and observed expression in the roots, leaf sheathes, and leaves, but only weak expression in seeds. osmt2c was upregulated by copper (cu) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) treatments. excessive cu elicited a rapid and su ... | 2015 | 25867584 |
| bottlenecks in carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in rice endosperm are influenced by the precursor-product balance. | the profile of secondary metabolites in plants reflects the balance of biosynthesis, degradation and storage, including the availability of precursors and products that affect the metabolic equilibrium. we investigated the impact of the precursor-product balance on the carotenoid pathway in the endosperm of intact rice plants because this tissue does not normally accumulate carotenoids, allowing us to control each component of the pathway. we generated transgenic plants expressing the maize phyt ... | 2016 | 25857664 |
| rice flavin-binding, kelch repeat, f-box 1 (osfkf1) promotes flowering independent of photoperiod. | in the facultative long-day (ld) plant arabidopsis thaliana, flavin-binding, kelch repeat, f-box 1 (fkf1) is activated by blue light and promotes flowering through the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of constans under inductive ld conditions. by contrast, the facultative short day (sd) plant rice (oryza sativa) flowers early under inductive sd and late under non-inductive ld conditions; the regulatory function of osfkf1 remains elusive. here we show that osfkf1 mutants flower l ... | 2015 | 25850808 |
| axillary meristem formation in rice requires the wuschel ortholog tillers absent1. | axillary shoot formation is a key determinant of plant architecture. formation of the axillary shoot is regulated by initiation of the axillary meristem or outgrowth of the axillary bud. here, we show that rice (oryza sativa) tillers absent1 (tab1; also known as os wus), an ortholog of arabidopsis thaliana wus, is required to initiate axillary meristem development. we found that formation of the axillary meristem in rice proceeds via a transient state, which we term the premeristem, characterize ... | 2015 | 25841039 |
| sex-biased gene expression in dioecious garden asparagus (asparagus officinalis). | sex chromosomes have evolved independently in phylogenetically diverse flowering plant lineages. the genes governing sex determination in dioecious species remain unknown, but theory predicts that the linkage of genes influencing male and female function will spur the origin and early evolution of sex chromosomes. for example, in an xy system, the origin of an active y may be spurred by the linkage of female suppressing and male promoting genes. garden asparagus (asparagus officinalis) serves as ... | 2015 | 25817071 |
| in silico analysis of the genes encoding proteins that are involved in the biosynthesis of the rms/max/d pathway revealed new roles of strigolactones in plants. | strigolactones were described as a new group of phytohormones in 2008 and since then notable large number of their functions has been uncovered, including the regulation of plant growth and development, interactions with other organisms and a plant's response to different abiotic stresses. in the last year, investigations of the strigolactone biosynthesis pathway in two model species, arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa, resulted in great progress in understanding the functions of four enzymes ... | 2015 | 25815594 |
| highly specific gene silencing in a monocot species by artificial micrornas derived from chimeric mirna precursors. | artificial micrornas (amirnas) are used for selective gene silencing in plants. however, current methods to produce amirna constructs for silencing transcripts in monocot species are not suitable for simple, cost-effective and large-scale synthesis. here, a series of expression vectors based on oryza sativa mir390 (osmir390) precursor was developed for high-throughput cloning and high expression of amirnas in monocots. four different amirna sequences designed to target specifically endogenous ge ... | 2015 | 25809382 |