| hepatitis e virus and hepatitis a virus exposures in an apparently healthy high-risk population in italy. | the prevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) and anti-hepatitis a virus (hav), as well as the possible links with socio-demographic and other viral risks factors, were evaluated in an inmates population. | 2012 | 23264095 |
| myasthenia gravis associated with acute hepatitis e infection in immunocompetent woman. | | 2014 | 24751295 |
| seroprevalence of seven zoonotic pathogens in pregnant women from the caribbean. | studies examining the prevalence of zoonotic agents in the caribbean are very limited. the objective of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of seven zoonotic agents among individuals residing on 10 english-speaking caribbean countries. sera from healthy, pregnant women were collected from antigua-barbuda, belize, bermuda, dominica, grenada, jamaica, montserrat, st. kitts-nevis, st. lucia, and st. vincent-grenadines and tested for the presence of igg antibodies to dengue virus, hepatitis ... | 2014 | 24914001 |
| the relationship between socioeconomic indices and potentially zoonotic pathogens carried by wild norway rats: a survey in rhône, france (2010-2012). | leptospira interrogans, hantaviruses (particularly seoul virus), hepatitis e virus (hev), and toxoplasma gondii are rat-associated zoonoses that are responsible for human morbidity and mortality worldwide. this study aimed to describe the infection patterns of these four pathogens in wild rats (rattus norvegicus) across socioeconomic levels in neighbourhoods in lyon, france. the infection or exposure status was determined using polymerase chain reaction or serology for 178 wild rats captured in ... | 2014 | 24838220 |
| prevalence of endemic pig-associated zoonoses in southeast asia: a review of findings from the lao people's democratic republic. | the increasing intensification of pork production in southeast asia necessitates an urgent requirement to better understand the dual impact of pig-associated zoonotic disease on both pig production and human health in the region. sharing porous borders with five countries and representing many regional ethnicities and agricultural practices, the lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) appears well placed to gauge the levels of pig-associated zoonoses circulating in the wider region. despite t ... | 2015 | 25802431 |
| cultural drivers and health-seeking behaviours that impact on the transmission of pig-associated zoonoses in lao people's democratic republic. | pig rearing is an important income source in the lao people's democratic republic (pdr), with many smallholder farmers using traditional free-range pig production systems. despite the potentially significant health risks posed by pig production regarding pig-associated zoonoses, information on the sociocultural drivers of these zoonoses is significantly lacking. this review summarises the existing sociocultural knowledge on eight pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in southeast asia: ... | 2015 | 25973203 |
| two uncommon causes of guillain-barré syndrome: hepatitis e and japanese encephalitis. | we are presenting two cases of guillain-barré syndrome where it is preceded by hepatitis e virus (hev) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection, respectively. our first case is a forty-three-year-old nondiabetic, nonhypertensive female who was initially diagnosed with acute hev induced viral hepatitis and subsequently developed acute onset ascending quadriparesis with lower motor neuron type of bilateral facial nerve palsies and respiratory failure. second patient was a 14-year-old young ... | 2015 | 26798531 |
| extended microbiological characterization of göttingen minipigs in the context of xenotransplantation: detection and vertical transmission of hepatitis e virus. | xenotransplantation has been proposed as a solution to the shortage of suitable human donors. pigs are currently favoured as donor animals for xenotransplantation of cells, including islet cells, or organs. to reduce the xenotransplantation-associated risk of infection of the recipient the pig donor should be carefully characterised. göttingen minipigs from ellegaard are often used for biomedical research and are regularly tested by their vendor for the presence of numerous bacteria, fungi, viru ... | 2015 | 26466154 |
| detection of emerging and re-emerging pathogens in surface waters close to an urban area. | current knowledge about the spread of pathogens in aquatic environments is scarce probably because bacteria, viruses, algae and their toxins tend to occur at low concentrations in water, making them very difficult to measure directly. the purpose of this study was the development and validation of tools to detect pathogens in freshwater systems close to an urban area. in order to evaluate anthropogenic impacts on water microbiological quality, a phylogenetic microarray was developed in the conte ... | 2015 | 26006125 |
| emerging zoonoses: the "one health approach". | zoonoses represent a public health risk recently pointed out by the spreading of previously unknown human infectious diseases emerging from animal reservoirs such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza caused by h5n1-virus. these outbreaks have shown that animal breeding activities can pose a significant public health risk. until now, the risk of zoonoses has probably been underestimated, particularly in occupational settings. the emergence or re-emergence of bacterial (mycobac ... | 2012 | 22953235 |
| ancient recombination events and the origins of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enteric, single-stranded, positive sense rna virus and a significant etiological agent of hepatitis, causing sporadic infections and outbreaks globally. tracing the evolutionary ancestry of hev has proved difficult since its identification in 1992, it has been reclassified several times, and confusion remains surrounding its origins and ancestry. | 2016 | 27733122 |
| ancient recombination events and the origins of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enteric, single-stranded, positive sense rna virus and a significant etiological agent of hepatitis, causing sporadic infections and outbreaks globally. tracing the evolutionary ancestry of hev has proved difficult since its identification in 1992, it has been reclassified several times, and confusion remains surrounding its origins and ancestry. | 2016 | 27733122 |
| recombinant hepatitis e virus like particles can function as rna nanocarriers. | assembled virus-like particles (vlps) without genetic material, with structure similar to infectious virions, have been successfully used as vaccines. we earlier described in vitro assembly, characterisation and tissue specific receptor dependent clathrin mediated entry of empty hev vlps, produced from escherichia coli expressed hev capsid protein (porf2). similar vlp's have been described as a potential candidate vaccine (hecolin) against hev. | 2015 | 26104584 |
| identification of critical residues in hepatitis e virus macro domain involved in its interaction with viral methyltransferase and orf3 proteins. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of hepatitis in normal and organ transplant individuals. hev open reading frame-1 encodes a polypeptide comprising of the viral nonstructural proteins as well as domains of unknown function such as the macro domain (x-domain), v, duf3729 and y. the macro domain proteins are ubiquitously present from prokaryotes to human and in many positive-strand rna viruses, playing important roles in multiple cellular processes. towards understanding the function of th ... | 2016 | 27113483 |
| molecular biology and replication of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a single-stranded, positive-sense rna virus, is responsible for acute hepatitis e epidemics in many developing countries, and the virus is also endemic in some industrialized countries. hepatitis e is a recognized zoonotic disease, and several animal species, including pigs, are potential reservoirs for hev. the genome of hev contains three open reading frames (orfs). orf1 encodes the nonstructural proteins, orf2 encodes the capsid protein, and orf3 encodes a small multi ... | 2012 | 26038426 |
| molecular biology and infection of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a viral pathogen transmitted primarily via fecal-oral route. in humans, hev mainly causes acute hepatitis and is responsible for large outbreaks of hepatitis across the world. the case fatality rate of hev-induced hepatitis ranges from 0.5 to 3% in young adults and up to 30% in infected pregnant women. hev strains infecting humans are classified into four genotypes. hev strains from genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic, whereas those from genotypes 1 and 2 have no known anim ... | 2016 | 27656178 |
| sequence analysis reveals a conserved extension in the capping enzyme of the alphavirus supergroup, and a homologous domain in nodaviruses. | members of the alphavirus supergroup include human pathogens such as chikungunya virus, hepatitis e virus and rubella virus. they encode a capping enzyme with methyltransferase-guanylyltransferase (mtase-gtase) activity, which is an attractive drug target owing to its unique mechanism. however, its experimental study has proven very difficult. | 2015 | 25886938 |
| hepatitis e: molecular virology and pathogenesis. | hepatitis e virus is a single, positive-sense, capped and poly a tailed rna virus classified under the family hepeviridae. enteric transmission, acute self-limiting hepatitis, frequent epidemic and sporadic occurrence, high mortality in affected pregnants are hallmarks of hepatitis e infection. lack of an efficient culture system and resulting reductionist approaches for the study of replication and pathogenesis of hev made it to be a less understood agent. early studies on animal models, sub-ge ... | 2013 | 25755485 |
| mutagenic effects of ribavirin on hepatitis e virus-viral extinction versus selection of fitness-enhancing mutations. | hepatitis e virus (hev), an important agent of viral hepatitis worldwide, can cause severe courses of infection in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. to date, hev infections can only be treated with ribavirin (rbv). major drawbacks of this therapy are that rbv is not approved for administration to pregnant women and that the virus can acquire mutations, which render the intra-host population less sensitive or even resistant to rbv. one of the proposed modes of action of rbv is a direc ... | 2016 | 27754363 |
| changes in the cellular proteins of a549 infected with hepatitis e virus by proteomics analysis. | our understanding of hepatitis e virus (hev) has changed enormously over the past 30 years, from a waterborne infection causing outbreaks of acute hepatitis in developing countries to an infection of global distribution causing a range of hepatic and extra-hepatic illness. however, the key proteins playing important parts in the virus infection were still unknown. understanding the changes of cellular proteins in these cells exposed to hev is helpful for elucidating molecular mechanisms associat ... | 2014 | 25175408 |
| endemicity of zoonotic diseases in pigs and humans in lowland and upland lao pdr: identification of socio-cultural risk factors. | in lao people's democratic republic pigs are kept in close contact with families. human risk of infection with pig zoonoses arises from direct contact and consumption of unsafe pig products. this cross-sectional study was conducted in luang prabang (north) and savannakhet (central-south) provinces. a total of 59 villages, 895 humans and 647 pigs were sampled and serologically tested for zoonotic pathogens including: hepatitis e virus (hev), japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and trichinella spira ... | 2016 | 27070428 |
| seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of hepatitis e virus in household-raised pig population in the philippines. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a significant public health concern in asia, and swine is an important source of sporadic hev infection in human. however, no epidemiological data are available regarding hev infection among the swine or human population in the philippines. to assess the hev infection status among pigs in rural areas, we investigated the molecular characteristics and seroprevalence of hev among household-raised pigs in san jose, tarlac province, the philippines. | 2015 | 25622684 |
| serologic study of pig-associated viral zoonoses in laos. | we conducted a serologic survey of four high-priority pig-associated viral zoonoses, japanese encephalitis virus (jev), hepatitis e virus (hev), nipah virus (niv), and swine influenza virus (siv), in laos. we collected blood from pigs at slaughter during may 2008-january 2009 in four northern provinces. japanese encephalitis virus hemagglutination inhibition seroprevalence was 74.7% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 71.5-77.9%), jev igm seroprevalence was 2.3% (95% ci = 1.2-3.2%), and hev seroprev ... | 0 | 22665622 |
| hepatitis e vaccine to prevent morbidity and mortality during epidemics. | recurrent, large, waterborne epidemics of hepatitis e virus (hev) occur regularly after monsoon rains contaminate water supplies in asia or during humanitarian crises in africa. these epidemics commonly affect thousands of persons, and it has a high mortality in pregnant women who become infected. although a subunit hev vaccine has been developed by chinese investigators and was found to be highly effective and safe in a large clinical trial, this vaccine is only available in china. until it is ... | 2014 | 25734166 |
| calculation of evolutionary correlation between individual genes and full-length genome: a method useful for choosing phylogenetic markers for molecular epidemiology. | individual genes or regions are still commonly used to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among viral isolates. the genomic regions that can faithfully provide assessments consistent with those predicted with full-length genome sequences would be preferable to serve as good candidates of the phylogenetic markers for molecular epidemiological studies of many viruses. here we employed a statistical method to evaluate the evolutionary relationships between individual viral genes and full-lengt ... | 2013 | 24312527 |
| production of hepatitis e virus-like particles presenting multiple foreign epitopes by co-infection of recombinant baculoviruses. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes not only endemics via a fecal-oral route but also sporadic cases via zoonotic transmission or blood transfusion. hev-like particles (hev-lp) produced by using a baculovirus expression system are considered a candidate for mucosal vaccines for hev infection. in this study, we attempted to produce a chimeric hev-lp presenting various foreign epitopes on its surface. expression of the recombinant capsid proteins carrying a myc- or flag-tag inserted between amino acid ... | 2016 | 26905478 |
| identical consensus sequence and conserved genomic polymorphism of hepatitis e virus during controlled interspecies transmission. | high-throughput sequencing of bile and feces from two pigs experimentally infected with human hepatitis e virus (hev) of genotype 3f revealed the same full-length consensus sequence as in the human sample. twenty-nine percent of polymorphic sites found in hev from the human sample were conserved throughout the infection of the heterologous host. the interspecies transmission of hev quasispecies is the result of a genomic negative-selection pressure on random mutations which can be deleterious to ... | 2012 | 22457521 |
| a novel multiplex isothermal amplification method for rapid detection and identification of viruses. | a rapid multiplex isothermal amplification assay has been developed for detection and identification of multiple blood-borne viruses that infect millions of people world-wide. these infections may lead to chronic diseases or death if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. sets of virus-specific oligonucleotides and oligofluorophores were designed and used in a reverse-transcription loop-mediated multiplexed isothermal amplification reaction for detection and gel electrophoretic identifica ... | 2015 | 26643761 |
| convergent transcription of interferon-stimulated genes by tnf-α and ifn-α augments antiviral activity against hcv and hev. | ifn-α has been used for decades to treat chronic hepatitis b and c, and as an off-label treatment for some cases of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. tnf-α is another important cytokine involved in inflammatory disease, which can interact with interferon signaling. because interferon-stimulated genes (isgs) are the ultimate antiviral effectors of the interferon signaling, this study aimed to understand the regulation of isg transcription and the antiviral activity by ifn-α and tnf-α. in this st ... | 2016 | 27150018 |
| cross talk between nucleotide synthesis pathways with cellular immunity in constraining hepatitis e virus replication. | viruses are solely dependent on host cells to propagate; therefore, understanding virus-host interaction is important for antiviral drug development. since de novo nucleotide biosynthesis is essentially required for both host cell metabolism and viral replication, specific catalytic enzymes of these pathways have been explored as potential antiviral targets. in this study, we investigated the role of different enzymatic cascades of nucleotide biosynthesis in hepatitis e virus (hev) replication. ... | 2016 | 26926637 |
| hepatitis e: an underdiagnosed, emerging infection in nonendemic regions. | although hepatitis e virus (hev) is the primary cause of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis and jaundice in developing countries, locally acquired hev infections are increasing in nonendemic countries. as such, hev is emerging as an underdiagnosed cause of infection. this report describes three clinically variable cases of hev infection with unusual clinical presentations. these cases highlight the fact that hev should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained ... | 2015 | 26807386 |
| novel approach for detection of hepatitis e virus infection in german blood donors. | the risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis e virus (hev) infections by contaminated blood products remains unknown. in the present study, we evaluated and compared different nucleic acid amplification technique (nat) methods for the detection of hev in blood components. minipools of a total of 16,125 individual blood donors were screened for the presence of hev rna using the highly sensitive realstar hev rt-pcr kit, revealing a minimum detection limit of 4.66 iu/ml. thirteen donors were hev r ... | 2012 | 22675127 |
| dengue and hepatitis e virus infection in pregnant women in eastern sudan, a challenge for diagnosis in an endemic area. | dengue fever and hepatitis e virus infection are both a public health problem in developing countries due to poor sanitation. infection with viral hepatitis and dengue fever can present with similar clinical such and fever, headache and abortion. this study was conducted in port-sudan city in the eastern part of the country. elisa and real time pcr tests were used to detect the infection. a total number of 39 pregnant women with a mean age 26 ±7.8 were included in the study. all of them had feve ... | 2014 | 25995787 |
| cutthroat trout virus-towards a virus model to support hepatitis e research. | cutthroat trout virus (ctv) is a non-pathogenic fish virus belonging to the hepeviridae family, and it is distantly related to hepatitis e virus (hev). here, we report the development of an efficient cell culture system where ctv can consistently replicate to titers never observed before with a hepevirus. by using the rainbow trout gill (rtgill-w1) cell line, ctv reaches 10(10) geq/ml intracellularly and 10⁸ geq/ml extracellularly within 5-6 days in culture. we additionally established a qpcr sy ... | 2016 | 27775612 |
| enhanced replication of hepatitis e virus strain 47832c in an a549-derived subclonal cell line. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen with increasing importance. the lack of efficient cell culture systems hampers systematic studies on its replication cycle, virus neutralization and inactivation. here, several cell lines were inoculated with the hev genotype 3c strain 47832c, previously isolated from a chronically infected transplant patient. at 14 days after inoculation the highest hev genome copy numbers were found in a549 cells, followed by plc/prf/5 cells, whereas hepg2/c3a, huh-7 ... | 2016 | 27690085 |
| the hepatitis e virus intraviral interactome. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging virus causing epidemic acute hepatitis in developing countries as well as sporadic cases in industrialized countries. the life cycle of hev is still poorly understood and the lack of efficient cell culture systems and animal models are the principal limitations for a detailed study of the viral replication cycle. here we exhaustively examine all possible intraviral protein-protein interactions (ppis) of hev by systematic yeast two-hybrid (y2h) and lumpis sc ... | 2015 | 26463011 |
| quantitative proteomics identifies host factors modulated during acute hepatitis e virus infection in the swine model. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute enterically transmitted hepatitis. in industrialized countries, it is a zoonotic disease, with swine being the major reservoir of human hev contamination. the occurrence and severity of the disease are variable, with clinical symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to self-limiting acute hepatitis, chronic infection, or fulminant hepatitis. in the absence of a robust cell culture system or small-animal models, the hev life cycle and pathological process remain unc ... | 2014 | 25320303 |
| hepatitis a and e seroprevalence and associated risk factors: a community-based cross-sectional survey in rural amazonia. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are both transmitted by the faecal-oral route, and represent common causes of acute hepatitis in developing countries. the endemicity of hav infection has shifted from high to moderate in brazil. human cases of hev infection seem to be rare, although the virus has been detected in swine livestock and effluents of slaughterhouses. this study was to determine the epidemiology of hepatitis a and e in one of the largest agricultural settlements in ... | 2014 | 25149658 |
| hepatitis e virus in pork production chain in czech republic, italy, and spain, 2010. | we evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in the pork production chain in czech republic, italy, and spain during 2010. a total of 337 fecal, liver, and meat samples from animals at slaughterhouses were tested for hev by real-time quantitative pcr. overall, hev was higher in italy (53%) and spain (39%) than in czech republic (7.5%). hev was detected most frequently in feces in italy (41%) and spain (39%) and in liver (5%) and meat (2.5%) in czech republic. of 313 sausages sampled at ... | 0 | 22840221 |
| hepatitis e virus in 3 types of laboratory animals, china, 2012-2015. | we found seroprevalences for hepatitis e virus (hev) of 7.5%, 18.5%, and 83.3% in specific pathogen-free (spf) laboratory rabbits, monkeys, and pigs, respectively, in china. hev rna was detected in 4.8% of spf rabbits, and 11 rabbits had latent infections. screening for hev in spf animals before relevant experiments are conducted is recommended. | 2016 | 27314902 |
| markers for ongoing or previous hepatitis e virus infection are as common in wild ungulates as in humans in sweden. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen with zoonotic spread, infecting both domestic and wild animals. about 17% of the swedish population is immune to hev, but few cases are reported annually, indicating that most infections are subclinical. however, clinical hepatitis e may also be overlooked. for identified cases, the source of infection is mostly unknown. in order to identify whether hev may be spread from wild game, the prevalence of markers for past and/or ongoing infection was invest ... | 2016 | 27657108 |
| assessment of domestic pigs, wild boars and feral hybrid pigs as reservoirs of hepatitis e virus in corsica, france. | in corsica, extensive pig breeding systems allow frequent interactions between wild boars and domestic pigs, which are suspected to act as reservoirs of several zoonotic diseases including hepatitis e virus (hev). in this context, 370 sera and 166 liver samples were collected from phenotypically characterized as pure or hybrid wild boars, between 2009 and 2012. in addition, serum and liver from 208 domestic pigs belonging to 30 farms were collected at the abattoir during the end of 2013. anti-he ... | 2016 | 27556478 |
| wildlife reservoir for hepatitis e virus, southwestern france. | pigs are a reservoir for hepatitis e virus (hev). to determine the relative contribution of game to the risk for human hev infection in southwestern france, we tested wildlife samples. hev rna was in 3.3% of wildlife livers, indicating that in this region, eating game meat is as risky as eating pork. | 0 | 26079541 |
| serologic and molecular survey for hepatitis e virus in wild boar (sus scrofa) in central italy. | the aim of this study was to further investigate the role of wild boar (sus scrofa) as a reservoir for hepatitis e virus (hev). sixty-four blood and faecal samples collected from wild boar hunted in central italy in 2011-2012 were examined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rt-pcr analysis. positive rt-pcr samples were further examined by nucleotide sequence determination and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. thirty-six sera (56.2%) were positive for hev-specific antibodies, and s ... | 2015 | 26199731 |
| hepatitis e virus. | | 2015 | 26557817 |
| hepatitis e virus in yellow cattle, shandong, eastern china. | | 0 | 27869603 |
| companion animals as a source of viruses for human beings and food production animals. | companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viru ... | 2016 | 27522300 |
| detection of pathogenic viruses in sewage provided early warnings of hepatitis a virus and norovirus outbreaks. | most persons infected with enterically transmitted viruses shed large amounts of virus in feces for days or weeks, both before and after onset of symptoms. therefore, viruses causing gastroenteritis may be detected in wastewater, even if only a few persons are infected. in this study, the presence of eight pathogenic viruses (norovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, aichi virus, parechovirus, hepatitis a virus [hav], and hepatitis e virus) was investigated in sewage to explore whether their ... | 2014 | 25172863 |
| hepatitis virus infections in poultry. | viral hepatitis in poultry is a complex disease syndrome caused by several viruses belonging to different families including avian hepatitis e virus (hev), duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv), duck hepatitis a virus (dhav-1, -2, -3), duck hepatitis virus types 2 and 3, fowl adenoviruses (fadv), and turkey hepatitis virus (thv). while these hepatitis viruses share the same target organ, the liver, they each possess unique clinical and biological features. in this article, we aim to review the common an ... | 2016 | 27610716 |
| [infectious and neoplasic complications after kidney transplantation]. | infections and malignancies are the expected complications of immunosuppressive therapy, which non-specifically impairs cellular and humoral immune responses in renal transplant recipients. infections were usually frequent and severe during the early post-transplant period (first year). recent diagnostic methods (molecular biology) and availability of new antivirals, antifungal and antibiotic drugs made rapid diagnosis and systematic preventive strategies much easier and this resulted in a signi ... | 2016 | 27686031 |
| occupational exposure to zoonotic agents among agricultural workers in lombardy region, northern italy. | this study was conducted in northern italy with the aim of defining the risk of agricultural workers' contact with biological agents through the determination of serum antibodies against selected zoonotic agents. immunity against tetanus was also investigated. | 2013 | 24364433 |
| hepatitis e virus detection and quantification by an rt-qpcr assay calibrated to the world health organization standard for hev rna. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has emerged as a cause of chronic hepatitis among immunocompromised patients. molecular assays have become important tools for the diagnosis and management of these chronically-infected patients. a reverse transcription, real-time pcr (rt-qpcr) assay utilizing pleiades probe chemistry and an rna internal control for simultaneous detection and quantification of hev rna in human serum was developed based on adaptation of a previously described and broadly reactive primer se ... | 2017 | 28228493 |
| evaluation of viral inactivation of pseudorabies virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and porcine parvovirus in pancreatin of porcine origin. | pancreatin is a substance containing enzymes, principally amylase, lipase, and protease. it is obtained from bovine or porcine pancreas and used in the treatment of pancreatic endocrine insufficiency in humans. regulations and safety concerns mandate viral clearance (virus removal or inactivation) in biopharmaceuticals such as pancreatin. a virus validation study was performed to evaluate virus clearance achieved in the final step of drying under vacuum by testing a panel of four animal viruses: ... | 2014 | 25110118 |
| travelers lowering their guard: a bacterial, viral and protozoan co-infection after a five-day journey in india. | we present a case of concurrent infections by campylobacter jejuni, giardia intestinalis and hepatitis e virus acquired during a 5-days travel to india by an italian traveller : professionals responsible for pre- and post-travel care should underline food and water precautions and prescribe an adequate diagnostic work-up in symptomatic patients. | 2016 | 27378368 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus and other livestock-related pathogens in iowa streams. | manure application is a source of pathogens to the environment. through overland runoff and tile drainage, zoonotic pathogens can contaminate surface water and streambed sediment and could affect both wildlife and human health. this study examined the environmental occurrence of gene markers for livestock-related bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogens and antibiotic resistance in surface waters within the south fork iowa river basin before and after periods of swine manure application on agri ... | 2016 | 27318519 |
| prevalence of campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, and hepatitis e virus in swine livers collected at an abattoir. | we investigated the prevalence of campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, and hepatitis e virus (hev) in swine liver. we collected swine livers from 110 pigs at an abattoir from september 2011 to march 2012 [corrected] . pathogens were detected in the liver samples of 19 (17.3%) pigs. campylobacter spp. were isolated from the liver samples of 14 (12.7%) pigs. in 10 of the 14 campylobacter-positive pigs, bacteria were present in the internal regions of the liver. salmonella s ... | 2013 | 23514917 |
| guillain-barré syndrome associated with acute hepatitis e infection. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is a neurological emergency that warrants prompt diagnosis and treatment. occasionally, the clinical, laboratory and electrophysiological features are neither typical nor diagnostic. it requires a high index of suspicion and clinical judgement for early diagnosis and commencement of treatment in those scenarios. some pathogens are potential triggers of this serious neurological disease, including: campylobacter jejuni, mycoplasma pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus. alth ... | 2012 | 22285113 |
| [hepatitis e virus-associated aplastic anemia. report of a case]. | hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (haaa) is a well-recognized clinical syndrome in which marrow failure follows the development of hepatitis; it can be observed in up to 5% in the aplastic anemia in west europe and north american countries and 10% in the east asia. although hepatotropic and other viruses were suspected of causing haaa, this hypothesis was rarely confirmed. currently, the infection with hepatitis e virus represents the first cause of acute hepatitis in the world. its genotype ... | 2015 | 26117610 |
| multiplex real-time rt-pcr for detecting chikungunya virus and dengue virus. | to develop diagnostic test for detection chikungunya virus (chikv and dengue virus (denv) infection. | 2012 | 22546647 |
| fatal disease associated with swine hepatitis e virus and porcine circovirus 2 co-infection in four weaned pigs in china. | in recent decades, porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) infection has been recognized as the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and has become a threat to the swine industry. hepatitis e virus (hev) is another high prevalent pathogen in swine in many regions of the world. pcv2 and hev are both highly prevalent in pig farms in china. | 2015 | 25889526 |
| the detection rate of enteric viruses and clostridium difficile in a waste water treatment plant effluent. | waste water treatment plant (wwtp) is considered as an important source of surface water contamination by enteric pathogens. in this study, we describe the occurrence of enteric viruses (group a rotaviruses, noroviruses, astroviruses, sapoviruses, hepatitis a virus, and hepatitis e virus) and clostridium difficile in the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant during a 1-year period. enteric viruses were simultaneously and efficiently concentrated in a single step using methacrylate monolithic ... | 2015 | 25663146 |
| [the new microbiological hazards in food]. | this paper describes the new microbiological hazards in food. for protecting human health, nowadays food safety authorities face with many challenges, that years ago were largely unheard. in 2011 verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o104:h4 has been isolated in germany. strain came from fenugreek sprouts originated from egypt. it was characterized by unique features such as presence of enteroaggregative escherichia coli genes (aata, aggr, aap, agga, aggc) and resistance to most antibiotics. in pol ... | 2012 | 23631259 |
| the added value of hepatitis e diagnostics in determining causes of hepatitis in routine diagnostic settings in the netherlands. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is endemic in europe and an underdiagnosed and emerging (public) health issue. in recent years commercial enzyme immunoassays (eias) that detect antibodies to hev more adequately, became available. we investigated the added value of this hev serology in the diagnostic work flow to detect viral causes of recent hepatitis. | 2017 | 28285979 |
| guillain-barré syndrome following acute co-super-infection of hepatitis e virus and cytomegalovirus in a chronic hepatitis b virus carrier. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is a rare neurological complication of hepatitis b. gbs presence in acute hepatitis e virus (hev) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is also sporadically reported. here, a rare case of gbs in a chronic hepatitis b virus carrier co-infected with hev and cmv was reported. based on the analysis on the progress of the manifestations and virus serological detection results, it could be concluded that gbs might mostly likely result from super-infection of hev and cmv. th ... | 2017 | 27358107 |
| indications of liver biopsy in the era of noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis. | liver biopsy (lb) has been used as diagnostic modality in liver diseases (ld). over last two decades, there has been remarkable improvement in understanding of natural history, molecular diagnostics of viral hepatitis, genetic of ld, and also limitations of lb. there is current trend in avoiding lb in the management of various lds. | 2015 | 26900273 |
| hepatitis e virus as a cause of acute hepatitis in the netherlands. | recent studies indicate that 27% of dutch blood donors have evidence of past infection with hev. however, the low number of diagnosed hev infections indicates either an asymptomatic course or under diagnosis. | 2016 | 26840767 |
| performance of a new rapid test for detecting anti-hepatitis e virus immunoglobulin m in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are widespread in both developing and developed countries. it is, therefore, important to assess the performance of systems for rapidly detecting anti-hev immunoglobulin m antibodies in human sera. | 2015 | 26305830 |
| clinical & immunological profile of newly diagnosed patients with youth onset diabetes mellitus. | there has been a rise in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the younger population of india. there are limited data available on the immunological profile of youth onset diabetes mellitus (dm) especially in type 2. therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and immunological profile of youth onset dm in north india. | 2014 | 25366202 |
| acute viral hepatitis - should the current screening strategy be modified? | the epidemiology of viral hepatitis has changed. since the introduction of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis a and b in 1980s, the incidence of acute infections caused by these viruses has been declining in the uk. at the same time, hepatitis e virus (hev) has been recognised as an increasingly important cause of acute hepatitis, but testing is not widely available. | 2014 | 24472576 |
| serological cross reactivity to cmv and ebv causes problems in the diagnosis of acute hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an important public health concern as a major cause of enterically-transmitted hepatitis worldwide. the detectable window of viraemia is narrow, and hev igm and igg rise simultaneously in acute infection. furthermore, previous investigators have shown hev igm false positive reactions occur against ebv, cmv and potentially hepatitis a. a retrospective analysis of hev serology testing was performed at a london tertiary referral hospital over a 3-year period. a ... | 2014 | 24402843 |
| diagnostic performance of selected commercial hev igm and igg elisas for immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is recognised as an emerging pathogen in industrialised countries. the currently commercially available hev-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) are primarily designed for the detection of antibodies against genotypes 1 (burma) and 2 (mexico) and may not sensitively detect hev genotypes 3 or 4. | 2013 | 24210958 |
| atypical presentation of cytomegalovirus infection in a liver transplant patient. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is the most common viral infection in solid organ transplant recipients. symptomatic infection usually presents with fever, pneumonia, colitis, or cytopenia. we describe a case of symptomatic cmv infection in a liver transplant recipient presenting with atypical symptoms of only persistent nausea and vomiting, in the absence of classical symptoms and signs; thus, highlighting the importance of high index of suspicion of cmv in immunocompromised patients, keeping in mind the ... | 2011 | 25755388 |
| seroprevalence of parvovirus b19, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus antibodies in haemophiliacs treated exclusively with clotting-factor concentrates considered safe against human immunodeficiency and hepatitis c viruses. | clotting-factor concentrates (cfc) are a potential source of transmission of blood-borne viruses. newer physical and chemical methods (pasteurization, wet-heating, solvent/detergent treating) developed to inactivate viruses are effective against hiv, hbv and hcv. however, it is not clear if these methods protect against other pathogenic viruses such as parvovirus b19, cytomegalovirus (cmv), hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev). to evaluate the safety of current cfc we have studied ... | 1995 | 27214319 |
| [new viral risks in blood transfusion by 2016]. | viral safety remains a major concern in transfusion of blood products. over years, the control measures applied to blood products were made more and more sophisticated; however, the number of infectious agents, and notably of viruses, that can be transmitted by transfusion is increasing continuously. the aim of this review paper is to actualize that published in the same journal by the same authors in 2011 with more details on some of actual vs virtual viral threats that were identified recently ... | 2016 | 26781857 |
| occurrence and prevalence of selected zoonotic agents: echinococcus multilocularis, trichinella spiralis and hepatitis e virus (hev) in the population of polish hunters--results of the study conducted in 2010-2012. | in poland the development of the knowledge concerning zoonotic pathogens, of which free-living animals are the reservoir of is gaining in importance both in epidemiological aspect as well as in the context of prevention for improving public health. dietary habits such as the consumption of forest undergrowth products and wild game meat, and the way of those products being prepared (in the process of barbequing) pose a risk factors of infection with the foodborne pathogens such as echinococcus mu ... | 2015 | 27139343 |
| giv noroviruses and other enteric viruses in bivalves: a preliminary study. | we evaluated the presence of the enteric viruses: norovirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, astrovirus, hepatitis a virus, and hepatitis e virus in bivalves using nested pcr methods and cell culture assays. noroviruses gii.4 and giv.1, adenoviruses types 1 and 2, hepatitis a, and echovirus type 7 were detected in the shellfish tested, which were often co-infected. this is the first study to detect such a high level of viral contamination in italian mussels (up to four different viral groups in a singl ... | 2012 | 22378550 |
| hepatitis e virus derived from different sources exhibits different behaviour in virus inactivation and/or removal studies with plasma derivatives. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes viral hepatitis, and is considered a risk factor for blood products. although some hev inactivation/removal studies have been reported, detailed investigations of different manufacturing steps as heat treatment, partitioning during cold ethanol fractionation, low ph treatment, and virus filtration have yet to be reported for plasma-derived medicinal products. in this study, human serum- and swine faeces-derived hevs, with and without detergent treatment, were used. ... | 2016 | 27461242 |
| detection and characterization of potentially zoonotic viruses in faeces of pigs at slaughter in germany. | pigs can harbour a variety of viruses in their gastrointestinal tract. some of them are closely related to human viruses and are therefore suspected to have a zoonotic potential. only little is known about the presence of those viruses in pigs at slaughter. however, by contamination of meat with zoonotic viruses during the slaughtering process, food-borne transmission to humans may be possible. here we analyzed 120 faecal samples of pigs at slaughter from 3 different geographical regions of germ ... | 2014 | 24247020 |
| feeding of the probiotic bacterium enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 differentially affects shedding of enteric viruses in pigs. | effects of probiotic bacteria on viral infections have been described previously. here, two groups of sows and their piglets were fed with or without feed supplementation of the probiotic bacterium enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415. shedding of enteric viruses naturally occurring in these pigs was analyzed by quantitative real-time rt-pcr. no differences between the groups were recorded for hepatitis e virus, encephalomyocarditis virus and norovirus. in contrast, astrovirus was exclusively detect ... | 2012 | 22838386 |
| construction and characterization of an infectious cdna clone of rat hepatitis e virus. | rat hepatitis e virus (hev) is related to human hev and has been detected in wild rats worldwide. here, the complete genome of rat hev strain r63/deu/2009 was cloned downstream of the t7 rna polymerase promoter and capped genomic rna generated by in vitro transcription was injected into nude rats. rat hev rna could be detected in serum and faeces of rats injected intrahepatically, but not in those injected intravenously. rat hev rna-positive faecal suspension was intravenously inoculated into nu ... | 2015 | 25634930 |
| [prokaryotic expression and characterization of truncated mutant capsid protein of genotype iv hepatitis e virus]. | a truncated mutant of the open reading frame 2 (orf2, aa384-606) was amplified from cdna of genotype iv hepatitis e virus (hev) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), subcloned to expression plasmid pto-t7, and expressed in escherichia coli. sds-page and western blotting were used to detect and identify the recombinant protein, namely rp24. after washing of inclusion bodies, dissolving in denaturing agents, refoldeding by dialysis, ion exchange chromatography and gel chromatography, dynamic light s ... | 2014 | 25007574 |
| a one-step dipstick assay for the on-site detection of nucleic acid. | we have developed a one-step nucleic acid dipstick assay (nada) for visually detecting polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products within 3min. "one-step" means that there were no additional procedures between amplification and detection. | 2013 | 24161476 |
| a novel astrovirus species in the gut of yaks with diarrhoea in the qinghai–tibetan plateau, 2013. | the yak (bos grunniens) is an iconic symbol in the high-altitude region of the qinghai–tibetan plateau. diarrhoea is a common disease in yaks, resulting in major economic losses. to investigate the diversity of viral species, we reported the metagenomics-derived virome in a pooled faecal sample of 20 diarrhoeic yaks. the nine viruses found in the pooled diarrhoeic samples, in order of abundance of nucleic acid sequence, were influenza a virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), rotavirus, ungu ... | 2015 | 26419604 |
| designing, construction and expression of a recombinant fusion protein comprising the hepatitis e virus orf2 and rotavirus nsp4 in the baculovirus expression system. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) accounts for hepatitis e infection with relatively high mortality rate in pregnant women that can lead to fulminant hepatitis. the baculovirus expression system (bes) has the capability to produce high-level recombinant proteins and could be useful for vaccine designing. | 2016 | 28138375 |
| inactivation of viruses and bacteriophages as models for swine hepatitis e virus in food matrices. | hepatitis e virus has been recognised as a food-borne virus hazard in pork products, due to its zoonotic properties. this risk can be reduced by adequate treatment of the food to inactivate food-borne viruses. we used a spectrum of viruses and bacteriophages to evaluate the effect of three food treatments: high pressure processing (hpp), lactic acid (la) and intense light pulse (ilp) treatments. on swine liver at 400 mpa for 10 min, hpp gave log10 reductions of ≥4.2, ≥5.0 and 3.4 for feline cali ... | 2017 | 27783334 |
| pathogenic escherichia coli and enteric viruses in biosolids and related top soil improvers in italy. | to investigate the presence of genomic traits associated with a set of enteric viruses as well as pathogenic escherichia coli in top soil improvers (tsi) from italy. | 2017 | 27684893 |
| preparation and evaluation of ms2 bacteriophage-like particles packaging hepatitis e virus rna. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the pathogen causing hepatitis e (he). it arouses global public health concern since it is a zoonotic disease. the objective of this letter is to report a cost-effective internal control prepared for monitoring procedures of hev reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr detection. a selected conserved hev rna fragment was integrated into the downstream of the truncated ms2 bacteriophage genome based on armored rna technology. the resulting ms2-hev gene harbored by the pet-28b-ms2 ... | 2016 | 27664054 |
| evaluation of the microbiological quality of reclaimed water produced from a lagooning system. | the use of lagooning as a complementary natural method of treating secondary effluents of wastewater treatment plants has been employed as an affordable and easy means of producing reclaimed water. however, using reclaimed water for some purposes, for example, for food irrigation, presents some risks if the effluents contain microbial pathogens. classical bacterial indicators that are used to assess faecal contamination in water do not always properly indicate the presence of bacterial or viral ... | 2016 | 27194016 |
| development and evaluation of two subunit vaccine candidates containing antigens of hepatitis e virus, rotavirus, and astrovirus. | hepatitis e virus (hev), rotavirus (rv), and astrovirus (astv) are important pathogens that transmit through a common fecal-oral route, causing hepatitis (hev) and gastroenteritis (rv and astv) respectively in humans. in this study, we developed and evaluated two subunit vaccine candidates that consisted of the same protruding or spike protein antigens of the three viruses in two formats, a fusion of the three antigens into one molecule (fused vaccine) vs. a mixture of the three free antigens to ... | 2016 | 27194006 |
| production and characterization of a brazilian candidate antigen for hepatitis e virus genotype 3 diagnosis. | hepatitis e, caused by hepatitis e virus (hev), is a viral infectious pathology of great importance in the public health. hepatitis e outbreaks were registered in developing countries with poor or no sanitation, where drinking water was contaminated with fecal material, but also in many industrialized countries probably due to consumption of hev-positive swine meat. in this study, we present the development and characterization of a recombinant antigen from orf2 hev genotype 3. viral rna was ext ... | 2016 | 26832642 |
| impaired monocyte-macrophage functions and defective toll-like receptor signaling in hepatitis e virus-infected pregnant women with acute liver failure. | acute viral hepatitis resulting due to hepatitis e viral infection (avh-e) is often serious in pregnancy and could result in acute liver failure (alf). the role of monocytes and macrophages (mono-macs) in the pathogenesis of avh-e and development of alf-e in pregnancy is unclear. we investigated the functions of mono-macs in pregnant (p), avh-e (n = 44), alf-e (n = 12), healthy controls (hc; n = 20) and compared with nonpregnant (np) avh-e (n = 10), alf-e (n = 5), and hc (n = 10). we also recrui ... | 2015 | 26331854 |
| factors affecting detection of hepatitis e virus on canadian retail pork chops and pork livers assayed using real-time rt-pcr. | we collected 599 canadian retail pork chops and 283 pork livers routinely (usually weekly) from april 2011 to march 2012 using the canadian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance (cipars) retail sampling platform. samples were assayed using validated real-time (q) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nested classical rt-pcr for the detection of hepatitis e virus (hev), porcine enteric calicivirus (pec) and rotavirus (rv). the presence of escherichia ... | 2016 | 26192650 |
| experimental evaluation of faecal escherichia coli and hepatitis e virus as biological indicators of contacts between domestic pigs and eurasian wild boar. | domestic pigs and eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) share several important viral and bacterial pathogens. therefore, direct and indirect contacts between domestic pigs and wild boar present a risk of pathogen spillover and can lead to long-term perpetuation of infection. biological indicators could be a powerful tool to understand and characterize contacts between wild boar and domestic pigs. here, faecal escherichia coli and hepatitis e virus (hev) were explored as potential biological indicator ... | 2017 | 26190581 |
| [cloning and expression and preliminary antigenicity identification for the diagnostic antigen of hepatitis e virus]. | to clone, express and purify thioredoxin (named as n5), a specific diagnostic antigen of hepatitis e virus (hev), and to initially evaluate its antigenicity and serological test performance. | 2015 | 25975408 |
| a review of the current status of relevant zoonotic pathogens in wild swine (sus scrofa) populations: changes modulating the risk of transmission to humans. | many wild swine populations in different parts of the world have experienced an unprecedented demographic explosion that may result in increased exposure of humans to wild swine zoonotic pathogens. interactions between humans and wild swine leading to pathogen transmission could come from different ways, being hunters and game professionals the most exposed to acquiring infections from wild swine. however, increasing human settlements in semi-natural areas, outdoor activities, socio-economic cha ... | 2017 | 25953392 |
| lessons from hepatitis e vaccine design. | acute hepatitis e is still a major public health issue, especially in developing countries, and hepatitis e virus (hev) infection will likely only be preventable through prophylactic vaccines. in this review, we describe the lessons learnt from developing the first commercial hepatitis e vaccine (hecolin), launched to market in china in 2012. the antigenicity and immunogenicity of vlp immunogens concomitant with the scalable escherichia coli system and our large-scale clinical verification resul ... | 2015 | 25913817 |
| design and production of a multiepitope construct derived from hepatitis e virus capsid protein. | the aim of this study was to design a high density multiepitope protein, which can be a promising multiepitope vaccine candidate against hepatitis e virus (hev). initially, conserved and antigenic helper t-lymphocyte (htl) epitopes in the hev capsid protein were predicted by in silico analysis. subsequently, a multiepitope comprising four htl epitopes with high-affinity binding to the hla molecules was designed, and repeated four times as high density multiepitope construct. this construct was s ... | 2015 | 25784455 |
| the development of a recombinant hepatitis e vaccine hev 239. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is one of the main causes of acute hepatitis worldwide. a recombinant hepatitis e vaccine, hev 239, has been licensed in china for immunizing adults of 16 y old and above. the vaccine antigen contains porf2 aa 368 - 606 of the hev genotype 1 expressed in e. coli. the quality of the vaccine is controlled through a combination of biophysical, biochemical and immunochemical methods. the vaccine is well tolerated in adults. the efficacy of the hev 239 vaccine agains ... | 2015 | 25714510 |
| hepatitis e virus enters liver cells through a dynamin-2, clathrin and membrane cholesterol-dependent pathway. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) causes large outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries. in the developed world, hev occurrence has increased as a result of zoonotic transmission from swine. the cellular aspects of hev infection, especially the determinants of entry, are poorly understood. in the absence of a robust in vitro culture system for hev, it is not possible to produce high titre infectious virus that can be labeled for tracking its internalization. we hav ... | 2015 | 25615268 |
| codon-optimized expression and purification of truncated orf2 protein of hepatitis e virus in escherichia coli. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a causative agent of acute hepatitis among people of different age groups and has high mortality rate of up to 30% among pregnant women. therefore, primary prevention of hev infection is essential. | 2014 | 25368796 |