| helicobacter pylori flagellins have very low intrinsic activity to stimulate human gastric epithelial cells via tlr5. | helicobacter pylori is a flagellated chronic pathogen, which colonizes the gastric mucus and mucosal cell surfaces. flagella and motility are essential for the survival of this bacterium in the stomach environment. flagellins of several bacterial species are potent activators of the human innate immune system by binding to toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5). the possible role of the two h. pylori flagellins flaa and flab in stimulation of the innate immune system and induction of il-8 release by human ... | 2003 | 14670447 |
| biosynthesis of o-antigens: genes and pathways involved in nucleotide sugar precursor synthesis and o-antigen assembly. | the o-antigen is an important component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. it is a repeat unit polysaccharide and consists of a number of repeats of an oligosaccharide, the o-unit, which generally has between two and six sugar residues. o-antigens are extremely variable, the variation lying in the nature, order and linkage of the different sugars within the polysaccharide. the genes involved in o-antigen biosynthesis are generally found on the chromosome as an o-antigen gene cluste ... | 2003 | 14670712 |
| limited boundaries for extensive horizontal gene transfer among salmonella pathogens. | recombination is thought to be rare within salmonella, as evidenced by absence of gene transfer among sarc strains that represent the broad genetic diversity of the eight primary subspecies of this common facultative intracellular pathogen. we adopted a phylogenetic approach to assess recombination within the muts gene of 70 sarb strains, a genetically homogeneous population of salmonella enterica subspecies i strains, which have in common the ability to infect warm-blooded animals. we report he ... | 2003 | 14671318 |
| transfer of salmonella and campylobacter from stainless steel to romaine lettuce. | the degree of transfer of campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was evaluated from a stainless steel contact surface to a ready-to-eat food (lettuce). stainless steel coupons (25 cm2) were inoculated with a 20-microl drop of either c. jejuni or salmonella typhimurium to provide an inoculum level of approximately 10(6) cfu/28 mm2. wet and dry lettuce (lactuca sativa var. longifolia) pieces (9 cm2) were placed onto the inoculated stainless steel surface for 10 s after th ... | 2003 | 14672218 |
| detection of salmonella enterica somatic groups c1 and e1 by pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | objectives of this study were to develop a pcr-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pcr-elisa) for identification of salmonella enterica somatic groups c1 and e1 and to evaluate this procedure along with a pcr-elisa procedure for s. enterica somatic groups b, c2, and d in a masked study. primers were selected from the rfb gene cluster, which is responsible for biosynthesis of o antigens of salmonella lipopolysaccharide. previously serogrouped salmonella isolates (n = 169) were used to determ ... | 2003 | 14672240 |
| pcrh of pseudomonas aeruginosa is essential for secretion and assembly of the type iii translocon. | pseudomonas aeruginosa harbors a type iii secretion system that translocates antihost effectors into an infected eukaryotic cell. pcrh is a key component of type iii secretion in this essential virulence strategy. in the absence of pcrh, p. aeruginosa is translocation deficient because of a specific reduction in presecretory stability and subsequent secretion of popb and popd, 2 proteins essential for the translocation process. pcrh exerts this chaperone function by binding directly to popb and ... | 2003 | 14673772 |
| increased lymphocyte subpopulations and macrophages in the ovaries and oviducts of laying hens infected with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) is a causative agent for human food poisoning cases throughout the world. the ovaries and the oviducts of the laying hens are the major sites of se colonization from which vertical transmission to eggs occurs. in this study, salmonella-induced changes in t lymphocytes, b lymphocytes and macrophages in the ovaries and oviducts were assessed after primary and secondary experimental inoculations of laying hen with se. statistically significant increases ... | 2003 | 14676008 |
| rtsa coordinately regulates dsba and the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type iii secretion system. | salmonella serovars cause a wide variety of diseases ranging from mild gastroenteritis to life-threatening systemic infections. an important step in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection is the invasion of nonphagocytic epithelial cells, mediated by a type iii secretion system (ttss) encoded on salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1). the spi1 ttss forms a needle complex through which effector proteins are injected into the cytosol of host cells, where they promote actin rearrangeme ... | 2004 | 14679226 |
| temporal dynamics of the cellular, humoral and cytokine responses in chickens during primary and secondary infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) infections cause systemic disease in the young chick, whereas in the older chicken the infection is mainly restricted to the intestine. chickens infected orally with s. typhimurium (f98) at 6 weeks of age and re-infected 10 weeks later were monitored for antibody production, t-cell proliferation and production of selected cytokines (interferon-gamma, interleukin-1beta and transforming growth factor-beta(4)). a strong coordinated antigen-sp ... | 2004 | 14681065 |
| clonal circulation of salmonella enterica serotype heidelberg in italy? | phenotypic and genetic characteristics of 21 strains of salmonella serotype heidelberg isolated in the years 1999-2003 from different sources in italy were studied. susceptibility patterns, plasmid analysis, and pfge were used as epidemiological markers. although non-homogeneous drug resistance patterns and plasmid profiles had been detected, pfge patterns suggest the hypothesis of a nationwide clonal spread of this serotype associated with poultry. | 2003 | 14684884 |
| difference and consensus of whole cell salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry spectra. | application of maldi-tof ms for characterization of strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. | 2004 | 14687211 |
| detection of tem-52 in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated in scotland. | | 2004 | 14688043 |
| salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi c carries an inactive shufflon. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi uses type ivb pili to facilitate bacterial self-association, but only when the pilv proteins (potential minor pilus proteins) are not synthesized. this pilus-mediated event may be important in typhoid fever pathogenesis. we initially show that s. enterica serovar paratyphi c strains harbor a pil operon very similar to that of serovar typhi. an important difference, however, is located in the shufflon which concludes the pil operon. in serovar typhi, the rci reco ... | 2004 | 14688076 |
| role of neutrophils in murine salmonellosis. | gastrointestinal infections with salmonella enterica serovars have different clinical outcomes that range from localized inflammation to a life-threatening systemic disease in the case of typhoid fever. using a mouse model of systemic salmonellosis, we investigated the contribution of neutrophils to the innate immune defense against salmonella after oral infection. neutrophil infiltration was dependent on the bacterial burden in various infected organs (peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, s ... | 2004 | 14688128 |
| a multistate outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype newport infection linked to mango consumption: impact of water-dip disinfestation technology. | fresh produce increasingly is recognized as an important source of salmonellosis in the united states. in december 1999, the centers for disease control and prevention detected a nationwide increase in salmonella serotype newport (sn) infections that had occurred during the previous month. sn isolates recovered from patients in this cluster had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns (which identified the outbreak strain), suggesting a common source. seventy-eight pati ... | 2003 | 14689335 |
| a fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism study of salmonella enterica serovar sofia, the major salmonella serovar isolated from chickens in australia. | fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) analysis was performed on 68 isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. salamae serovar sofia (s. sofia). fifty eight isolates were obtained over a period of approximately 15 years from a range of human, chicken industry and environmental sources throughout australia. a further ten isolates were identified from human and poultry sources in israel from 1972 to 1987. analysis of faflp profiles for fragments between 50 to 500 base pairs in leng ... | 2003 | 14695065 |
| ofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration versus disk diffusion zone diameter for salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates: problems in the detection of ofloxacin resistance. | using the guidelines of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls), a total of 421 blood culture isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhi obtained during 1991-2001 were tested for susceptibility to ofloxacin (ofx) by the disc diffusion method, and for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values of ofx by the agar dilution method. among 421 isolates, 248 were fully ofx-sensitive showing mics of 0.0125-0.075 microg/ml and inhibitory zone diameters ... | 2003 | 14695432 |
| chromosomal transferable multidrug resistance genes of salmonella enterica serovar infantis. | | 2003 | 14695434 |
| a microcantilever-based pathogen detector. | the ability to detect small amounts of materials, especially bacterial organisms, is important for medical diagnostics and national security issues. engineered micromechanical systems provide one approach for constructing multifunctional, highly sensitive, real-time, immunospecific biological detectors. we present qualitative detection of specific salmonella enterica strains using a functionalized silicon nitride microcantilever. detection is achieved due to a change in the surface stress on the ... | 2003 | 14696978 |
| the acnd genes of shewenella oneidensis and vibrio cholerae encode a new fe/s-dependent 2-methylcitrate dehydratase enzyme that requires prpf function in vivo. | the propionate utilization operons of several bacteria differ from each other in the occurrence of two genes, acnd and prpf, in place of or in addition to the prpd gene encoding an fe/s-independent 2-methylcitrate dehydratase enzyme. we cloned the acnd and prpf genes from two organisms, shewanella oneidensis and vibrio cholerae, and found that, together, the acnd and prpf proteins restored the ability of a prpd mutant strain of salmonella enterica to grow on propionate as a source of carbon and ... | 2004 | 14702315 |
| the sorbitol phosphotransferase system is responsible for transport of 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol into salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate is the first committed intermediate in the biosynthesis of the isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. supplementation of the growth medium with 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol has been shown to complement disruptions in the escherichia coli gene for 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase, the enzyme that synthesizes the immediate precursor of 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate. in order to be utilized in isoprenoid biosynthesis, ... | 2004 | 14702317 |
| pmrab, a two-component regulatory system of pseudomonas aeruginosa that modulates resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and addition of aminoarabinose to lipid a. | spontaneous polymyxin-resistant mutants of pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. the mutations responsible for this phenotype were mapped to a two-component signal transduction system similar to pmrab of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. lipid a of these mutants contained aminoarabinose, an inducible modification that is associated with polymyxin resistance. thus, p. aeruginosa possesses a mechanism that induces resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides in response to environmental co ... | 2004 | 14702327 |
| soft-tissue abscess caused by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis at the site of melanoma metastasis. | | 2004 | 14706095 |
| use of mixed infections to study cell invasion and intracellular proliferation of salmonella enterica in eukaryotic cell cultures. | epithelial cell lines are widely used as an in vitro model to study cell invasion by salmonella. in turn, phagocytic cell lines are used to study salmonella intracellular survival and proliferation. we describe a novel method, derived from the classical mixed infection procedure, to quantify invasion and proliferation defects in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. a eukaryotic cell culture is infected with two strains (e.g., a mutant and the wild-type). after infection, bacterial cells that ... | 2004 | 14706753 |
| propionyl-coenzyme a synthetases of ralstonia solanacearum and salmonella choleraesuis display atypical kinetics. | propionyl-coenzyme a synthetases (prpe) of salmonella choleraesuis and ralstonia solanacearum sharing 62% identity in amino acid sequence to each other were cloned, expressed in escherichia coli and purified. both enzymes catalyzed acetyl-, propionyl-, butyryl- and acrylyl-coenzyme a formation with the highest k(cat)/k(m) values for propionate. they displayed sigmoidal homotrophic autoactivation kinetics for propionate but not for the other acyl substrates tested. besides, substrate inhibition k ... | 2004 | 14706841 |
| molecular characterization of plasmids with antimicrobial resistant genes in avian isolates of pasteurella multocida. | the complete nucleotide sequences of two plasmids from avian isolates of pasteurella multocida that caused outbreaks of fowl cholera in taiwan were determined. the entire sequences of the two plasmids, designated as pjr1 and pjr2, were 6792 bp and 5252 bp. sequence analysis showed that the plasmid pjr1 contained six major genes: the first gene (sulii) encoded a type ii sulfonamide resistant dihydropteroate synthase, the second gene (tetg) encoded a tetracycline resistance protein, the third gene ... | 2003 | 14708986 |
| detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by using a rapid, array-based immunosensor. | the multianalyte array biosensor (maab) is a rapid analysis instrument capable of detecting multiple analytes simultaneously. rapid (15-min), single-analyte sandwich immunoassays were developed for the detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, with a detection limit of 8 x 10(4) cfu/ml; the limit of detection was improved 10-fold by lengthening the assay protocol to 1 h. s. enterica serovar typhimurium was also detected in the following spiked foodstuffs, with minimal sample preparat ... | 2004 | 14711637 |
| use of antibiotic susceptibility patterns and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to compare historic and contemporary isolates of multi-drug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar newport. | recently, multi-drug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar newport reemerged as a public and animal health problem. the antibiotic resistance of 198 isolates and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns (pfge) of 139 isolates were determined. serovar newport isolates collected between 1988 and 2001 were included in the study. one hundred seventy-eight isolates were collected from the san joaquin valley in california and came from dairy cattle clinical samples, huma ... | 2004 | 14711658 |
| pet snakes as a reservoir for salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae (serogroup iiib): a prospective study. | reptile-associated salmonella infections are an increasing problem for humans. we have prospectively screened two breeding groups of 16 pet snakes for colonization with salmonella species. various serovars of s. enterica subsp. diarizonae were found in 81% of the snakes. to avoid transmission, strict hygienic precautions should be applied when reptiles are handled. | 2004 | 14711697 |
| effect of a 5 day enrofloxacin treatment on salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104 in the pig. | there are concerns that the use of enrofloxacin in livestock production may contribute to the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in zoonotic bacteria. the objective of our study was to investigate the effect of a single 5 day enrofloxacin treatment on salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104 in a pig model. | 2004 | 14711838 |
| adaptive resistance to biocides in salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157 and cross-resistance to antimicrobial agents. | the mechanisms by which bacteria resist killing by antibiotics and biocides are still poorly defined, although repeated exposure to sublethal concentrations of antibacterial agents undoubtedly contributes to their development. this study aimed both to investigate the potential of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157 for adaptive resistance to commonly used biocides and to determine any cross-resistance to antibiotics. strains were repeatedly passaged in media containing increasing conce ... | 2004 | 14715734 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of serogroup d nontyphoidal salmonella in a university hospital in taiwan. | the incidence of serogroup d salmonella has been increasing in taiwan. most of these isolates belonged to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and showed a relatively higher rate of resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim than to other antimicrobial agents. the results of molecular experiments indicated that genes responsible for the resistance were located on plasmids. the resistance may occur via horizontal gene transfer. furthermore, the first identification of ciprofloxacin and ceftri ... | 2004 | 14715794 |
| a rapid and automated fiber optic-based biosensor assay for the detection of salmonella in spent irrigation water used in the sprouting of sprout seeds. | recent outbreaks of foodborne illness have been linked to the consumption of contaminated sprouts. the spent irrigation water used to irrigate sprouts can carry many microorganisms, including pathogenic strains of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. these pathogens are believed to originate from the seeds. the u.s. food and drug administration recommends that sprout producers conduct microbiological testing of spent irrigation water from each production lot at least 48 h after seeds have g ... | 2004 | 14717350 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance linked to gyra, gyrb, and parc mutations in salmonella enterica typhimurium isolates in humans. | we report two cases of infection with clonally unrelated, high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant, b-lactamase-producing strains of salmonella enterica typhimurium. resistance was caused by four topoisomerase mutations, in gyra, gyrb, and parc and increased drug efflux. ciprofloxacin treatment failed in one case. in the second case, reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins occurred after initial treatment with these drugs and may explain the treatment failure with ceftriaxone. | 2003 | 14718091 |
| diversity of salmonella serovars in feedyard and nonfeedyard playas of the southern high plains in the summer and winter. | to compare salmonella isolates cultured from feedyard and nonfeedyard (control) playas (ie, temporary shallow lakes) of the southern high plains. | 2004 | 14719700 |
| brain abscess caused by salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. | a 44-month-old boy with chronic granulomatous disease has been suffering from fever and skin rash for 7 days prior to admission. the blood culture obtained on admission revealed salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae. he received intravenous ceftriaxone therapy during his hospital stay and oral cefixime after discharge. unfortunately, the same symptoms recurred 2 weeks after discontinuing cefixime and the culture from the aspirate of a skin nodule yielded the same microorganism again. he receiv ... | 2003 | 14723260 |
| evaluation of an indirect serum elisa and a bacteriological faecal culture test for diagnosis of salmonella serotype dublin in cattle using latent class models. | to evaluate a conventional bacteriological test based on faecal culture and an indirect serum elisa for detection of s. dublin infected cattle. to compare the predictive values of the two tests in relation to the prevalence. | 2004 | 14723692 |
| salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, japan. | | 2003 | 14725308 |
| changes in salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg viability caused by nacl-induced osmotic stress is related to dna relaxation by the h-ns protein during host infection. | the nacl sensitivity of salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg strains depends on their origin. we found previously that food- and patient-origin isolates in an outbreak were, respectively, nacl-resistant and nacl-sensitive, and the nacl-resistant strain of food-origin isolates became nacl-sensitive after passage of the strain through mice [fems microbiol. lett. 212 (2002) 87]. here, we report that this phenotypic difference is mainly dependent on topological changes regulated by h-ns, a bacter ... | 2004 | 14726232 |
| the conserved cys-x1-x2-cys motif present in the ttca protein is required for the thiolation of cytidine in position 32 of trna from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the modified nucleoside 2-thiocytidine (s(2)c) has so far been found in trna from organisms belonging to the phylogenetic domains archaea and bacteria. in the bacteria escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, s(2)c is present in position 32 of only four trna species-, and. an in-frame deletion of an s. enterica gene (designated ttca, for "two-thio-cytidine") was constructed, and such a mutant has no detectable s(2)c in its trna. the ttca protein family is characterized by th ... | 2004 | 14729701 |
| formation of thiolated nucleosides present in trna from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium occurs in two principally distinct pathways. | trna from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium contains five thiolated nucleosides, 2-thiocytidine (s(2)c), 4-thiouridine (s(4)u), 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm(5)s(2)u), 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (cmnm(5)s(2)u), and n-6-(4-hydroxyisopentenyl)-2-methylthioadenosine (ms(2)io(6)a). the levels of all of them are significantly reduced in cells with a mutated iscs gene, which encodes the cysteine desulfurase iscs, a member of the isc machinery that is responsible for [fe-s] ... | 2004 | 14729702 |
| reduced transaminase b (ilve) activity caused by the lack of yjgf is dependent on the status of threonine deaminase (ilva) in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the yjgf/yer057c/uk114 family is a highly conserved class of proteins that is represented in the three domains of life. thus far, a biochemical function demonstrated for these proteins in vivo or in vitro has yet to be defined. in several organisms, strains lacking a yjgf homolog have a defect in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. this study probes the connection between yjgf and isoleucine biosynthesis in salmonella enterica. in strains lacking yjgf the specific activity of transaminase b, ... | 2004 | 14729707 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella isolated from cattle, swine and poultry (2001-2002): report from the japanese veterinary antimicrobial resistance monitoring program. | the japanese veterinary antimicrobial resistance monitoring (jvarm) program was established in 1999 to examine the susceptibility of bacteria from food-producing animals to antimicrobial agents. this study tested the susceptibility of salmonella isolates collected during 2001-2002 to 20 antimicrobials. materials and methods: mics of antimicrobial agents were determined using the nccls agar dilution method, and interpreted according to breakpoints obtained from the bimodal mic distributions. | 2004 | 14729740 |
| antibiotic resistance genes, integrons and multiple antibiotic resistance in thirty-five serotypes of salmonella enterica isolated from humans and animals in the uk. | to examine 397 strains of salmonella enterica of human and animal origin comprising 35 serotypes for the presence of aadb, aphai-iab, aada1, aada2, bla(carb(2)) or pse1, bla(tem), cat1, cat2, dhfr1, flor, stra, sul1, sul2, teta(a), teta(b) and teta(g) genes, the presence of class 1 integrons and the relationship of resistance genes to integrons and antibiotic resistance. | 2004 | 14729766 |
| changes in circulating insulin-like growth factor-i, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, and leptin in weaned pigs infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | one of the hallmarks of the pathophysiology of enteric disease in young pigs is reduced growth performance. this reduction in growth is associated with changes in the endocrine somatotropic growth axis. our laboratory previously demonstrated that circulating insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) was reduced in pigs infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) while circulating growth hormone remained unchanged. the objective of the current study was to determine if infec ... | 2004 | 14732452 |
| typhoid fever. | typhoid fever is caused by infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhi. the completion of the genome sequence of two salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates is leading to new insights into the biology of this pathogen. approximately 16 million cases occur worldwide each year. the lack of culture facilities in endemic areas and the poor performance of the widal test means the disease is frequently unconfirmed. simple new serologic tests are being developed and show promise. resistance to ... | 2004 | 14733846 |
| antimicrobial resistance of commensal escherichia coli from dairy cattle associated with recent multi-resistant salmonellosis outbreaks. | the use of antimicrobial drugs in livestock is suspected to contribute to bacterial antimicrobial resistance (ar) development. dairy farms experiencing recent outbreaks of salmonellosis involving multi-resistant (mr) salmonella strains were compared to control farms with respect to ar among bovine commensal e. coli isolates. for most antimicrobials tested, the percentage of ar e. coli isolated from salmonellosis-affected farms was significantly higher than that from control farms. calf e. coli f ... | 2004 | 14738782 |
| genetic analysis and complete primary structure of microcin l. | escherichia coli lr05, in addition to producing mccb17, j25, and d93, secretes microcin l, a newly discovered microcin that exhibits strong antibacterial activity against related enterobacteriaceae, including salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis. microcin l was purified using a two-step procedure including solid-phase extraction and reverse-phase c(18) high-performance liquid chromatography. a 4,901-bp region of the dna plasmid of e. coli lr05 was sequenced revealing that the ... | 2004 | 14742202 |
| first canadian salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolate harboring an integron. | | 2004 | 14742240 |
| immunogenicity against human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles is strongly enhanced by the phopc phenotype in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | recombinant salmonella strains have been widely used to deliver heterologous antigens and induce immune responses in vaccinated animals and humans. it remains to be established, however, how these bacteria mount an immune response; this has prevented the rational design of vaccines. here we report for the first time that a particular genetic program, phopc, is necessary for recombinant salmonella strains to induce an antibody response to a heterologous antigen, the human papillomaviruses type 16 ... | 2004 | 14742517 |
| role of the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 effector proteins sipa, sopb, sope, and sope2 in salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium colitis in streptomycin-pretreated mice. | salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium (serovar typhimurium) induces enterocolitis in humans and cattle. the mechanisms of enteric salmonellosis have been studied most extensively in calf infection models. the previous studies established that effector protein translocation into host cells via the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) type iii secretion system (ttss) is of central importance in serovar typhimurium enterocolitis. we recently found that orally streptomycin-pretre ... | 2004 | 14742523 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium rama, intracellular oxidative stress response, and bacterial virulence. | escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium have evolved genetic systems, such as the soxr/s and mara regulons, to detoxify reactive oxygen species, like superoxide, which are formed as by-products of metabolism. superoxide also serves as a microbicidal effector mechanism of the host's phagocytes. here, we investigate whether regulatory genes other than soxr/s and mara are active in response to oxidative stress in salmonella and may function as virulence determinants. we identif ... | 2004 | 14742546 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium requires nonsterol precursors of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway for intracellular proliferation. | we have previously shown that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection perturbs the host cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. here we show that inhibiting the first step of this pathway (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase) reduces the growth of intracellular s. enterica serovar typhimurium and has no effect on extracellular bacterial growth. selectively inhibiting synthesis of downstream sterol components has no effect on infection, suggesting that the effect of statins on hos ... | 2004 | 14742551 |
| the ferritin-like dps protein is required for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium oxidative stress resistance and virulence. | resistance to phagocyte-derived reactive oxygen species is essential for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pathogenesis. salmonella can enhance its resistance to oxidants through the induction of specific genetic pathways controlled by soxrs, oxyr, sigma(s), sigma(e), slya, and reca. these regulons can be found in a wide variety of pathogenic and environmental bacteria, suggesting that evolutionarily conserved mechanisms defend against oxidative stress both endogenously generated by aerobi ... | 2004 | 14742565 |
| increased burden of illness associated with antimicrobial-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infections. | this study investigated the burden of illness associated with 440 cases of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infection identified in canada between december 1999 and november 2000. we categorized case subjects' infections by definitive phage type 104 (dt104) and antimicrobial-resistance patterns. these variables were then investigated as risk factors for hospitalization. hospitalization was more likely to occur among case subjects whose infections were resistant to at least ampicillin, ch ... | 2004 | 14745694 |
| treatment of experimental sepsis-induced immunoparalysis with tnf. | following a severe septic abdominal infection induced by sublethal cecal ligation and puncture (clp) in mice, a phase of depressed immune reactivity occurred two days after clp characterized by a reduced capacity to produce tnf. to determine whether this reduced tnf production causes immunoparalysis as determined by increased susceptibility to bacterial infection and whether therapeutic tnf substitution can be beneficial during this phase, a super-infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhi ... | 2003 | 14748511 |
| effect of iron limitation on the growth and cytotoxin production of salmonella choleraesuis sc-5. | this study investigated the effect of iron limitation on the growth and cytotoxin production of salmonella choleraesuis and examined the iron-accruing capability of various salmonella strains. it was found that the growth of s. choleraesuis sc-5 was retarded by the presence of iron-chelating agents, 2,2'-dipyridyl or ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylactic acid (edda). addition of 2,2'-dipyridyl to trypticase soy broth (tsb) resulted in a smaller maximum population of s. choleraesuis noted at th ... | 2004 | 14751684 |
| prevalence of salmonella shedding in faeces by captive chelonians. | | 2004 | 14758834 |
| molecular characterisation of an outbreak strain of multiresistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 in the uk. | a major national outbreak of multiresistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (mr dt104) occurred in england and wales in the summer of 2000. isolates of mr dt104 were characterised by antimicrobial resistance type (r-type), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), plasmid profiling and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) analysis. results of r-type, pfge and faflp showed that summer 2000 outbreak-associated isolates were indistinguishable f ... | 2004 | 14759239 |
| h-ns represses salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dsba expression during exponential growth. | disulfide bond formation catalyzed by disulfide oxidoreductases occurs in the periplasm and plays a major role in the proper folding and integrity of many proteins. in this study, we were interested in elucidating factors that influence the regulation of dsba, a gene coding for the primary disulfide oxidoreductase found in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. strains with mutations created by transposon mutagenesis were screened for strains with altered expression of dsba. a mutant (nlm2173) ... | 2004 | 14761985 |
| genetic and structural characterization of the core region of the lipopolysaccharide from serratia marcescens n28b (serovar o4). | the gene cluster (waa) involved in serratia marcescens n28b core lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthesis was identified, cloned, and sequenced. complementation analysis of known waa mutants from escherichia coli k-12, salmonella enterica, and klebsiella pneumoniae led to the identification of five genes coding for products involved in the biosynthesis of a shared inner core structure: [l,d-heppiiialpha(1-->7)-l,d-heppiialpha(1-->3)-l,d-heppialpha(1-->5)-kdopi(4<--2)alphakdopii] (l,d-hepp, l-glycer ... | 2004 | 14761992 |
| invb is required for type iii-dependent secretion of sopa in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the salmonella effector protein sopa is translocated into host cells via the spi-1 type iii secretion system (ttss) and contributes to enteric disease. we found that the chaperone invb binds to sopa and slightly stabilizes it in the bacterial cytosol and that it is required for its transport via the spi-1 ttss. | 2004 | 14762020 |
| disruption of type iii secretion in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by external guide sequences. | the type iii secretion system involved in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium invasion of host cells has been disrupted using inducibly expressed oligonucleotide external guide sequences (egss) complementary to invb or invc mrna. these egss direct single site cleavage in these mrnas by endogenous rnase p, and their expression in salmonella results in invc mrna and invc protein depletion, decreased type iii secretion and interference with host cell invasion. comparison of these effects with t ... | 2004 | 14762212 |
| diversity of phage types among archived cultures of the demerec collection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains. | the existence of several thousand salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 and lt7 cultures originally collected by m. demerec and sealed in agar stab vials for 33 to 46 years is a resource for evolutionary and mutational studies. cultures from 74 of these vials, descendants of cells sealed and stored in nutrient agar stabs several decades ago, were phage typed by the callow and felix, lilleengen, and anderson systems. among 53 lt2 archived strains, 16 had the same phage type as the nonarchiv ... | 2004 | 14766539 |
| structure and biological activity of the short-chain lipopolysaccharide from bartonella henselae atcc 49882t. | the facultative intracellular pathogen bartonella henselae is responsible for a broad range of clinical manifestations, including the formation of vascular tumors as a result of increased proliferation and survival of colonized endothelial cells. this remarkable interaction with endotoxin-sensitive endothelial cells and the apparent lack of septic shock are considered to be due to a reduced endotoxic activity of the b. henselae lipopolysaccharide. here, we show that b. henselae atcc 49882(t) pro ... | 2004 | 14766898 |
| crystal structure of yeast acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase in complex with amp. | acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase (acs) belongs to the family of amp-forming enzymes that also includes acyl-coa synthetases, firefly luciferase, and nonribosomal peptide synthetases. acs catalyzes the two-step activation of acetate to acetyl-coa: formation of an acetyl-amp intermediate from acetate and atp and the transfer of the acetyl group to coa. in mammals, the acetyl-coa product is used for biosynthesis of long chain fatty acids as well as energy production. we have determined the crystal stru ... | 2004 | 14769018 |
| notes on salmonella cholerae suis-kunzendorf infection; report of a case treated with chloromycetin. | | 1950 | 14783799 |
| [attempt at attenuation of suipestiferic virus through passage in the organism of hyperimmunized animals]. | | 1950 | 14800477 |
| terramycin hydrochloride in the treatment of salmonella choleraesuis bacteremia. | | 1951 | 14827638 |
| [resistance of experimental infection with salmonella cholerae suis var. kunzendorf of guinea pigs vaccinated and treated with chloramphenicol]. | | 1951 | 14895645 |
| urease production by salmonella choleraesuis. | | 1952 | 14902723 |
| bacteremia due to salmonella choleraesuis, variety kunzendorf (paratyphoid c), complicated by ruptured aortic aneurysm. | | 1952 | 14929366 |
| fresh garlic: a possible vehicle for salmonella virchow. | a sustained increase in salmonella enterica serovar virchow notifications in south eastern australia between september 1997 and may 1998 instigated a case-control study and environmental investigations. cases were defined as having locally acquired culture-confirmed s. virchow phage-type 8 infection and diarrhoeal disease. matched controls were selected by progressive digit dialling based on cases' telephone numbers. an exposure and food history questionnaire was administered by telephone. phage ... | 2003 | 14959768 |
| reduced minimum inhibitory concentration of chloramphenicol for salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | ciprofloxacin replaced chloramphenicol (c), the best choice of antibiotic in the treatment of enteric fever, when c-resistant enteric fever emerged and caused outbreaks in different parts of the world. c-sensitive s. enterica serovar typhi emerged again due to withdrawal of the antibiotic pressure. | 2004 | 14960797 |
| in vivo characterization of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785 for use as a defined competitive exclusion agent against bacterial pathogens in poultry. | to test the efficacy of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785 in reducing the colonization and shedding of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis, escherichia coli o78:k80 and clostridium perfringens in poultry. | 2004 | 14962040 |
| modulation of anti-pathogenic activity in canine-derived lactobacillus species by carbohydrate growth substrate. | to investigate the effect of various carbon sources on the production of extracellular antagonistic compounds against two escherichia coli strains and salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium by three canine-derived lactobacilli strains. | 2004 | 14962135 |
| epidemiology of salmonella enterica serotype typhi infections in korea for recent 9 years: trends of antimicrobial resistance. | the aim of this study is to characterize the epidemiological features of typhoid fever, categorized as class 1 notifiable disease in korea and to analyze the recent change of antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolated nationwide. we retrospectively analyzed the 1,692 culture-proven cases from 1992 to 2000, using the data of the korean national institute of health. the overall incidence of culture-proven typhoid fever was 0.41 per 100,000 population. it occurred all o ... | 2004 | 14966335 |
| inhibition of foodborne bacteria by the lactoperoxidase system in a beef cube system. | biopreservatives are being developed to inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens and thus improve food safety. the lactoperoxidase system (lps) is a naturally occurring system that has potential for use as an antimicrobial agent in foods. growth of single strains of the pathogens staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa and beef microflora were assessed on lps ... | 2004 | 14967562 |
| antimicrobial activity of a low-molecular-weight chitosan obtained from cellulase digestion of chitosan. | a water-soluble chitosan hydrolysate with high activity against escherichia coli was obtained during cellulase digestion of chitosan for 18 h. this 18-h hydrolysate is composed of low-molecular-weight chitosan (lmwc), with a molecular weight of 12.0 kda, and chitooligosaccharides, which are composed of sugars with a degree of polymerization of 1 to 8. lmwc has a strong activity at 100 ppm against many pathogens and yeast species, including bacillus cereus, e. coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudom ... | 2004 | 14968977 |
| microtubule motors control membrane dynamics of salmonella-containing vacuoles. | infection of host cells by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) leads to the formation of specialised membrane-bound compartments called salmonella-containing vacuoles (scvs). bacteria remain enclosed by the vacuolar membrane as they divide, and by translocating effector proteins across the vacuolar membrane through the spi-2 type iii secretion system, they interfere with host cell processes in ways that promote bacterial growth. one such effector is sifa, which is required t ... | 2004 | 14970261 |
| effect of dietary mannanoligosaccharide and sodium chlorate on the growth performance, acute-phase response, and bacterial shedding of weaned pigs challenged with salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. | a 28-d experiment evaluated the growth, acute-phase response, and bacterial shedding patterns in pigs (n = 96; initially 6.8 +/- 1.3 kg) fed mannanoligosaccharides (mannan) and sodium chlorate (chlorate) before and after oral challenge with salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (st). the negative control diet contained no antimicrobial (con), and the positive control contained carbadox (carb; 55 ppm). test diets contained (as-fed basis) mannan (1,500 ppm) or chlorate (800 ppm). pigs were fed ... | 2004 | 14974536 |
| effect of disinfectants on the metabolism of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | antimicrobial activity of 19 commercially manufactured disinfectant substances on a salmonella enteritidis strain was determined. the substances represented 8 quaternary ammonium salts (qas) and 10 qas combined with other additives. the antimicrobial efficacy was characterized by influencing the growth of bacterial cells expressed as mic and ed50 values as well as by the inhibition of the incorporation rate of 14c-adenine and 14c-leucine. according to their efficacy the disinfectants were divide ... | 2003 | 14976722 |
| the dnak/dnaj chaperone machinery of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is essential for invasion of epithelial cells and survival within macrophages, leading to systemic infection. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, similar to various facultative intracellular pathogens, has been shown to respond to the hostile conditions inside macrophages of the host organism by inducing stress proteins, such as dnak. dnak forms a chaperone machinery with the cochaperones dnaj and grpe. to elucidate the role of the dnak chaperone machinery in the pathogenesis of s. enterica serovar typhimurium, we first constructed an insertional mutation in the dnak-dnaj operon of pathogenic strai ... | 2004 | 14977940 |
| faecal shedding and intestinal colonization of salmonella enterica in in-bred chickens: the effect of host-genetic background. | considerable and reproducible differences were observed in the amount and duration of faecal excretion when in-bred lines of chickens were infected orally with s. enterica serovar typhimurium at 6 weeks of age after being given a gut flora preparation when newly hatched. similar but less pronounced results were observed with s. enteritidis or s. infantis. differences in the viable numbers of the inoculated bacteria in caecal contents were detectable within 24 h of inoculation. no major differenc ... | 2004 | 14979597 |
| estimation of the salmonella enterica prevalence in finishing swine. | the study objective was to evaluate three methods of salmonella enterica prevalence estimation in swine herds (faecal culture, culture of abattoir-collected samples, and serum elisa). from each of six swine herds, we necropsied approximately 100 finishing pigs (> 70 kg); one-half on farm and the other half at the abattoir, after transport and approximately 2.5 h holding. we collected the same samples for s. enterica culture at both locations (1 g faecal, 10 g caecal contents, ileocaecal lymph no ... | 2004 | 14979598 |
| tetracycline and streptomycin resistance genes, transposons, and plasmids in salmonella enterica isolates from animals in italy. | fifty-eight multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica strains of 20 serotypes, isolated from animal sources in italy, were analyzed for tet(a) and stra-strb, conferring tetracycline and streptomycin resistance, respectively. the stra and strb genes were highly prevalent in salmonella strains of our collection, being detected in 84% of the streptomycin-resistant strains. in many strains, the stra and strb genes were linked to a particular tn5393-derivative transposon characterized by the presence o ... | 2004 | 14982782 |
| structure-function discrimination of the n- and c- catalytic domains of human angiotensin-converting enzyme: implications for cl- activation and peptide hydrolysis mechanisms. | human somatic angiotensin i-converting enzyme (sace) has two active sites present in two sequence homologous protein domains (ace_n and ace_c) possessing several biochemical features that differentiate the two active sites (i.e. chloride ion activation). based on the recently solved x-ray structure of testis angiotensin-converting enzyme (tace), the 3d structure of ace_n was modeled. electrostatic potential calculations reveal that the ace_n binding groove is significantly more positively charge ... | 2003 | 14983080 |
| a child with salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b infection acquired from a fish tank. | | 2004 | 14984347 |
| role of tolc and parc mutation in high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt204. | to study the role of tolc and of parc mutation in high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in clonal clinical strains of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium phage type dt204 (s. typhimurium dt204). | 2004 | 14985270 |
| cbiz, an amidohydrolase enzyme required for salvaging the coenzyme b12 precursor cobinamide in archaea. | the existence of a pathway for salvaging the coenzyme b(12) precursor dicyanocobinamide (cbi) from the environment was established by genetic and biochemical means. the pathway requires the function of a previously unidentified amidohydrolase enzyme that converts adenosylcobinamide to adenosylcobyric acid, a bona fide intermediate of the de novo coenzyme b(12) biosynthetic route. the cbiz gene of the methanogenic archaeon methanosarcina mazei strain göl was cloned, was overproduced in escherichi ... | 2004 | 14990804 |
| the tricarballylate utilization (tcurabc) genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. | the genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 encoding functions needed for the utilization of tricarballylate as a carbon and energy source were identified and their locations in the chromosome were established. three of the tricarballylate utilization (tcu) genes, tcuabc, are organized as an operon; a fourth gene, tcur, is located immediately 5' to the tcuabc operon. the tcuabc operon and tcur gene share the same direction of transcription but are independently transcribed. the tcur ... | 2004 | 14996793 |
| dna amplification and rearrangements in archival salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 cultures. | variations in genome size and gene order were observed in archival salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium cultures stored for over 40 years. in one strain, microarray analysis revealed a large, stable amplification. pcr analysis of the same strain revealed a genomic duplication that underwent a translocation. other strains had smaller duplications and deletions. these results demonstrate that storage in stabs over time at room temperature not only allows for further bacterial growth but also ma ... | 2004 | 14996798 |
| identification of an archaeal type ii isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase in methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus. | isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp):dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of the fundamental five-carbon homoallylic and allylic diphosphate building blocks required for biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds. two different isomerases have been reported. the type i enzyme, first characterized in the late 1950s, is widely distributed in eukaryota and eubacteria. the type ii enzyme was recently discovered in streptomyces sp. strain cl190. open reading frame 48 (orf48) in the ar ... | 2004 | 14996812 |
| isolation and characterization of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (fabg) mutants of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | fabg, beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase, performs the nadph-dependent reduction of beta-ketoacyl-acp substrates to beta-hydroxyacyl-acp products, the first reductive step in the elongation cycle of fatty acid biosynthesis. we report the first documented fabg mutants and their characterization. by chemical mutagenesis followed by a tritium suicide procedure, we obtained three conditionally lethal temperature-sensitive fabg mutants. the escherichia coli [fabg (ts)] mutant contains ... | 2004 | 14996818 |
| the eutd gene of salmonella enterica encodes a protein with phosphotransacetylase enzyme activity. | the eutd protein of salmonella enterica is homologous to the catalytic domain of the phosphotransacetylase (pta) enzyme. the pta-like activity level of the eutd enzyme compared favorably to that of other pta enzymes. high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry verified that acetyl-coenzyme a was the product of the reaction. the eutd protein restored growth of an s. enterica pta strain on acetate as the source of carbon and energy. | 2004 | 14996820 |
| postmarketing safety surveillance for typhoid fever vaccines from the vaccine adverse event reporting system, july 1990 through june 2002. | vaccines against salmonella enterica serotype typhi are used for prophylaxis of international travelers and have potential use as counterbioterrorism agents. the vaccine adverse event reporting system (vaers) cannot usually establish causal relationships between vaccines and reported adverse events without further research but has successfully detected unrecognized side effects of vaccine. we reviewed reports to vaers for us-licensed typhoid fever vaccines for the period of july 1990 through jun ... | 2004 | 14999618 |
| harmonization of antimicrobial susceptibility testing among veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the five nordic countries. | a total of 100 bacterial strains (25 escherichia coli, 25 salmonella enterica, 25 staphylococcus aureus, and 25 enterococcus strains) and four reference strains were tested for susceptibility toward 8-12 antimicrobial agents in 12 veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the five nordic countries using routine methodology. in addition, the 25 enterococcus strains were identified to species level. a total of 22,598 (97.2%) out of 23,259 test results were in accordance when the data were categorized ... | 2003 | 15000745 |
| rapid screening method for the detection of antimicrobial substances. | bioluminescence is phenomenon where living organisms produce light and this production is directly dependent on metabolic activity of the organism. genes encoding enzymes, luciferases, responsible for light production can be cloned into indicator strains, thus allowing sensitive detection of antimicrobial activity. this study utilized bacterial luciferase genes cloned into staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium indicator strains and showed that the de ... | 2004 | 15003685 |
| random amplified polymorphic dna and phenotyping analysis of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates collected from humans and poultry in uruguay from 1995 to 2002. | molecular and phenotyping techniques were applied to study salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strains both from human cases of infection and of avian origin isolated in uruguay from 1995 to 2002. a group of 62 isolates was subjected to random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay and analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns. twenty-one of these strains were further characterized by phage typing and analysis of their protein expression profiles. rapd fingerprinting with five different pri ... | 2004 | 15004068 |
| salmonella enterica serovar london infections associated with consumption of infant formula. | epidemiologic studies were conducted on 31 cases of salmonella group e infection detected in 2000 through a laboratory-based pathogen surveillance in gangwon province, korea. data were collected on the environmental exposures and the patients' foods, including the brand(s) of milk consumed before the onset of diarrhea. the patients' medical records were also reviewed. all of the patients were infants under 10 months of age except one 7-year old child. surprisingly, all of the infants were fed wi ... | 2004 | 15004867 |