| treatment and prevention options for respiratory syncytial virus infections. | although the therapeutic antiviral agents ribavirin and amantadine ameliorate illness caused by influenza a and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children, these agents are used infrequently because they are not cost-effective. research currently is directed toward defining the high-risk groups for which these antiviral drugs should be used. treatment of severe respiratory infection with specific immune globulin, either alone or in combination with antiviral drugs, is another therapeutic appr ... | 1994 | 8169754 |
| role of antibody and use of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune globulin to prevent severe rsv disease in high-risk children. | infants with cardiac disease or infants born prematurely with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia are at increased risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease. a recently developed rsv immune globulin (rsvig) was studied in a 3-year multicenter trial to determine safety and efficacy in the prevention of severe rsv disease in children who are at high risk of severe rsv illness. two hundred forty-nine children were studied; 102 had bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 87 had congenital heart ... | 1994 | 8169755 |
| bronchiolitis. | bronchiolitis, a lower respiratory tract illness most often caused by respiratory syncytial virus, generally affects children under two years of age, commonly during the winter months. necrosis of epithelial cells in the small airways leads to inflammation and airway obstruction, causing decreased oxygen saturation, with cough and wheezing. hospital admission should be considered for children with pulse oximetry levels less than 95 percent at rest. treatment consists of humidified oxygen, intrav ... | 1994 | 8172042 |
| salivary anti-rsv iga antibodies and respiratory infections during the first year of life in atopic and non-atopic infants. | salivary siga antibodies against rs virus were studied in 105 children during the first year of life. the infants were divided into groups according to their risk of atopy. at birth 13 neonates showed measurable amounts of siga to rs virus. in another 26 children specific antibodies were detected but in concentrations too low for quantitative analysis. during the first year of life this increased to 29 antibody-positive samples with measurable amounts of antibody and 39 with concentrations too l ... | 1994 | 8173639 |
| human monoclonal antibody fab fragments cloned from combinatorial libraries: potential usefulness in prevention and/or treatment of major human viral diseases. | currently, there is increased interest in the use of human viral antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy because recent advances in molecular immunology have made it possible to generate large numbers of human monoclonal antibodies of desired specificity and functional activity in short order. the strategy, developed particularly at the scripps research institute and at cambridge university is based on antigen selection of such antibodies from combinatorial libraries that express fabs on the surf ... | 1993 | 8173784 |
| synthesis and antiviral activities of 8-alkynyl-, 8-alkenyl-, and 8-alkyl-2'-deoxyadenosine analogues. | palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine with terminal alkynes in the presence of copper(i) iodide in dimethylformamide resulted in a series of 8-(1-alkyn-1-yl)-2'-deoxyadenosines. hydrogenation of alkynyl derivatives over 10% pd/c under atmospheric pressure gave 8-n-alkyl analogues in nearly quantitative yields. on partial saturation of heptynyl, pentynyl, and propynyl derivatives over lindlar catalyst, the corresponding cis-olefins were obtained along with minor amounts ... | 1994 | 8176708 |
| ribavirin therapy of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | | 1994 | 8177576 |
| immature neutrophils in the peripheral blood smear of children with viral infections. | | 1994 | 8177632 |
| analysis of respiratory syncytial virus f, g, and sh proteins in cell fusion. | recombinant expression of the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein, receptor-binding glycoprotein (g), and small hydrophobic (sh) protein was performed to determine the role(s) of these proteins in syncytia formation. these studies used a vaccinia virus expressing the bacteriophage (t7) rna polymerase gene and plasmid vectors containing the rsv genes under the control of a t7 promoter. within the context of this expression system, expression of any individual rsv gene, ... | 1994 | 8178462 |
| seroepidemiological study of respiratory virus infections among dental surgeons. | sera were collected from 50 practising dental surgeons and 50 control subjects matched for age (+/- 1 year) and sex. each participant completed a questionnaire including personal details and, in the case of dentists, information relating to protective work-wear and other cross-infection control measures employed within the surgery. the sera were examined by complement fixation tests for antibodies to influenza a, influenza b, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus. the dental group had a sig ... | 1994 | 8186035 |
| tumour necrosis factor-alpha and leukotriene e4 production in wheezy infants. | it is not clear why certain infants wheeze during viral upper respiratory tract infections (urtis) but it is possible that they have a tendency to mount an exaggerated inflammatory response leading to production of mediators that induce airway narrowing. we studied nasal tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) and urinary leukotriene e4 (lte4) production during infection and after recovery in 31 wheezy infants (median age 6.2 months). urinary lte4 production was not altered during wheezy episod ... | 1994 | 8187027 |
| evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv): potential for bedside diagnosis. | rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can assist clinicians in decisions regarding antiviral therapy with ribavirin as well as instituting infection control measures. the abbott testpack rsv is a rapid rsv detection immunoassay that can be performed on respiratory secretions in 20 to 30 minutes without special laboratory equipment. the purpose of this study was to evaluate housestaff performance of the testpack rsv at bedside as compared with laboratory testing of aliquo ... | 1994 | 8190574 |
| in vitro and in vivo inhibition of ortho- and paramyxovirus infections by a new class of sulfonic acid polymers interacting with virus-cell binding and/or fusion. | a series of sulfonic acid polymers were shown to be potent and selective inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus. the compounds inhibit the replication of rsv and influenza a virus in hela and mdck cells, at concentrations of 0.16 and 4.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, and are nontoxic to growing cells at concentrations of > 100 micrograms/ml. the mode of antiviral action of the sulfonic acid polymers can be ascribed to inhibition of virus-cell fusion (for influenza a ... | 1994 | 8192454 |
| current role of vaccination in preventing acute respiratory infections in children in developing countries. | acute respiratory infections (ari) cause more than four million childhood deaths each year in developing countries. in addition to standard case management, vaccines have a great potential for reducing these deaths. immunization against measles and pertussis, already reaching more than 70% of infants in developing countries, contributes to the prevention of more than one million childhood deaths. new conjugate vaccines against haemophilus influenzae type b, if shown to be effective against pneum ... | 1994 | 8193621 |
| comparison of antibody concentrations and protective activity of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin and conventional immune globulin. | relative to conventional immune globulins (ig, 13 lots), igs prepared from donors with high activity by microneutralization assay to respiratory syncytial virus (rsvig, 8 lots) had significantly higher neutralizing antibodies to 6 rsv strains (mean enrichment, 5.2-fold; range, 2.6- to 10.0-fold). in contrast, igg antibody concentrations to whole rsv, fusion protein, or glycoproteins of a and b strains were similar in rsvig and ig. treatment of cotton rats with rsvig at 0.5 g/kg 24 h before rsv c ... | 1994 | 8195619 |
| acute effects of inhaled nitric oxide in children with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. | to determine the physiologic effects of inhaled nitric oxide (no) on oxygenation and hemodynamics in children with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure, we studied the acute response to inhaled no during mechanical ventilation in 17 pediatric patients. diagnoses included adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) (10 patients), bronchopulmonary dysplasia with viral pneumonitis (6 patients), and acute pneumonitis, caused by respiratory syncytial virus, without chronic lung disease (1 patient). ga ... | 1994 | 8201471 |
| ribavirin administration via scavenger vacuum systems in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | | 1994 | 8201541 |
| infected cell types in ovine lung following exposure to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | sixteen adult sheep (ten females, six males obtained from a closed flock at national animal disease center, ames, ia) were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus strain 375 (brsv), and lung tissues were stained for viral antigen. two infected sheep were euthanatized at each of the following post-inoculation times: 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 144, and 192 hours. lung, nasal turbinates, trachea, right cranial bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, and spleen were collec ... | 1994 | 8203086 |
| field study of undifferentiated respiratory disease in housed beef calves. | a severe outbreak of undifferentiated respiratory disease affecting 119 of 144 (82.6 per cent) two- to five-month-old housed beef calves was studied by monitoring their clinical signs and rectal temperatures daily or every second day for two months. new cases of respiratory disease, which were first identified three weeks after the calves were housed, occurred over a period of 29 days. the cause of the outbreak was not conclusively determined although 20 per cent of the calves sampled showed ser ... | 1994 | 8203107 |
| mucosal microenvironment and mucosal response. | considerable investigative effort is currently being directed towards the use of oral immunization for the prevention of mucosal infections, including otitis media, in infancy and childhood. the development of immune response to mucosally introduced vaccines or environmental antigens is significantly influenced by the mucosal microflora, enzymatic activity, factors influencing epithelial permeability and the nature of vaccine antigens administered. studies carried out during the past several yea ... | 1994 | 8203721 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. | molecular epidemiologic studies have shown that during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemics several subgroups of viruses cocirculate. on the other hand, very similar strains can be found from widely separated countries at the same time. nosocomial outbreaks make no exception because multiple sources of virus have also been found within one outbreak. management of rsv infections has thus far varied largely but based on the recent reports some conclusions can be drawn. beta-sympathomimetics ... | 1994 | 8205168 |
| recovery of viruses other than cytomegalovirus from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | to determine the yield and diagnostic significance of performing viral cultures on specimens obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in immunocompromised patients. | 1994 | 8205876 |
| persistence of respiratory syncytial virus genome and protein after acute bronchiolitis in guinea pigs. | children with acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis often develop sequelae of recurrent wheezing and asthma. to determine whether rsv persists within the lung after resolution of acute bronchiolitis, we examined the lungs of guinea pigs 60 days after intranasal inoculation with either human rsv (n = 10) or uninfected cell culture supernatant (n = 11). evidence of viral persistence within the lung was determined by viral culture to test for replicating virus, immunohistochemistry ... | 1994 | 8205887 |
| linear antigenic and immunogenic regions of the respiratory syncytial virus p protein. | three linear antigenic regions on the p protein from human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup a (strain a2) were represented by peptides that reacted with monoclonal antibodies and with sera from humans with recent or previous rsv infection. the determinants were localized within three hydrophilic regions of the p protein: pro91 to asp110, ser161 to lys180 and glu221 to phe241. the role of individual amino acids in the epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies was determined. two monoclo ... | 1994 | 8207401 |
| the membrane-associated and secreted forms of the respiratory syncytial virus attachment glycoprotein g are synthesized from alternative initiation codons. | respiratory syncytial (rs) virus synthesizes two mature forms of its attachment glycoprotein g: an anchored type ii integral membrane form and a smaller form that is secreted into the medium. here we demonstrate that these two forms are synthesized as distinct primary translation products of a single species of g protein mrna by initiation at either of two different augs. mutant cdnas which eliminated one of the other of the two aug codons near the 5' end of the g gene open reading frame were co ... | 1994 | 8207828 |
| associations between viral infections and respiratory disease in artificially reared calves. | market-purchased, week-old, dairy bred calves entering a commercial calf-rearing unit were blood sampled at six-week intervals until three months old. viral infections were monitored by elisa for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenzavirus-3, bovine adenovirus subgroup 1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the immunoperoxidase test was used to detect bvdv in serum. the total immunoglobulin concentration in the initial blood sample was measured ... | 1993 | 8212494 |
| vaccination with a heterologous respiratory syncytial virus chimeric fg glycoprotein demonstrates significant subgroup cross-reactivity. | a subunit vaccine candidate, termed fg, is a chimeric glycoprotein composed of the extracellular domains of the fusion (f) glycoprotein and the attachment (g) glycoproteins of a subgroup a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). two subgroups, a and b, of rsv differ primarily within the g glycoprotein. therefore, it has been suggested that a subunit vaccine composed of the g glycoprotein would need to contain the g glycoproteins from both rsv subgroups. we have engineered a second chimeric glycoprote ... | 1993 | 8212825 |
| structure and sequence comparison of bovine respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. | the fusion (f) proteins of 10 strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were compared by radioimmunoprecipitation with fractionation on sds-polyacrylamide gels. two different molecular weights (15 kda and 20 kda) of the f2 proteins were demonstrated among the brsv strains tested. to delineate the molecular basis for differences in the molecular weights of f2 subunits among the brsv strains, the nucleotide sequences of the f genes of fs1 and vc464 strains were determined from cdna clon ... | 1993 | 8212860 |
| controlled trial to evaluate protection of high-risk infants against respiratory syncytial virus disease by using standard intravenous immune globulin. | we performed a randomized, controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin (respiratory syncytial virus [rsv] neutralizing [nt] antibody titer of 1:950 in 5% solution) to evaluate protection against rsv-induced disease over two respiratory virus seasons. forty-nine children (mean age at enrollment, 4.5 months) with severe congenital heart disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia were randomized as follows. twenty-four patients were followed as controls and received no immune globulin. twenty-five p ... | 1993 | 8215279 |
| [outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus at a neonatal intensive care unit in mexico city]. | rsv can be spread in hospital wards, being thus responsible for increased morbidity and mortality among infected patients. we describe an rsv outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). methods. as soon as the first rsv cases were detected in the nicu, every patient, as well as the personnel taking care of them, were tested; nasal washes for viral isolation, and nasopharyngeal swabs for viral antigen detection by immunofluorescence, were collected. results. twelve patients were hospitaliz ... | 1993 | 8216868 |
| molecular biology and evolution of filoviruses. | the family filoviridae contains extremely pathogenic human viruses causing a fulminating, febrile hemorrhagic disease. filoviruses are enveloped, filamentous particles with a nonsegmented negative-strand rna genome showing the gene arrangement 3'-np-vp35-vp40-gp-vp30-vp24-l-5'. genes are flanked by highly conserved transcriptional signals and are generally separated by variable intergenic regions. they are transcribed into monocistronic polyadenylated messenger rnas which contain relatively long ... | 1993 | 8219816 |
| presence of respiratory syncytial virus genomic sequences in middle ear fluid and its relationship to expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. | the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and several cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in middle ear effusions and mucosal tissues was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. rsv genomic sequences were detected in 23 (52.7%) of 44 middle ear effusions tested. the sequences were detectable at an even higher rate (82.4%) in effusions of children in whom infectious virus was detected in the nasopharynx. all samples with the rsv genome contained the mrna for interleukin-1 beta and -6 ... | 1993 | 8228363 |
| immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice with respiratory syncytial virus-specific immune serum. | the effects of passive respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune serum given as preinoculation prophylaxis, postinoculation prophylaxis, and as therapy on d 5 after inoculation were evaluated in an illness model of rsv infection in balb/c mice. pre- and postinoculation prophylaxis reduced rsv replication in lung after primary rsv infection and prevented illness. day 5 treatment did not affect peak titer of rsv in lung but resulted in more rapid recovery from illness than seen in untreated mice. p ... | 1993 | 8233720 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced cytokine production by a human bronchial epithelial cell line. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection in infants and young children, but the pathogenesis of rsv-induced inflammation is not well defined. we hypothesized that in vitro infection of a human bronchial epithelial cell line (beas) would induce production of proinflammatory cytokines. beas cells were infected with rsv, and cells and supernatants were assayed for cytokine mrna and protein changes at several time points after infection. cytokine mrna ... | 1993 | 8238534 |
| respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults. | to study the role of respiratory viruses in exacerbations of asthma in adults. | 1993 | 8241910 |
| ribavirin in clinical practice. | | 1993 | 8244474 |
| respiratory syncytial virus lung infection in infants: immunoregulatory role of infected alveolar macrophages. | thirteen previously healthy children with acute onset of severe lower respiratory tract signs and symptoms underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) for diagnostic purposes. bal samples were assessed for viral, bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal cultures. cytospin preparations of bal cells were assessed for expression of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), hla-dr, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor proteins. purified alveolar macrophages from 2 rsv-infected children wer ... | 1993 | 8245538 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 5'-deoxypyrazofurin. | in searching for derivatives of pyrazofurin that could display antiviral properties by means that do not require c-5' phosphorylation, 5'-deoxypyrazofurin (3) has been synthesized in six steps from methyl5-deoxy-2,3-o-isopropylidene-beta-d-ribofuranoside (4). compound 3 was evaluated for antiviral activity against a large number of viruses including herpes-, pox-, myxo-, toga-, arena-, rhabdo-, picorna-,reo-, and retroviruses. compound 3 proved active against respiratory syncytial virus (in hela ... | 1993 | 8246242 |
| mucosal immunization with a subunit respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in mice. | the protective efficacy of mucosal immunization with purified respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein (f) using cholera toxin (ct) as an adjuvant was assessed in mice. intranasal vaccination with f+ct induced f-specific serum igg and nasal iga and resulted in 75% protection from nasal virus replication compared with control mice. intranasal ct+f with simultaneous parenteral f provided complete protection equivalent to intranasal live virus immunization. | 1993 | 8249433 |
| incidence of episodes of acute asthma and acute bronchitis in general practice 1976-87. | the incidence of episodes of acute asthma and acute bronchitis was analysed for an 11-year period and studied in relation to epidemiological data on viral illness and virus isolation data. between 1976 and 1987, the weekly returns service estimates of the incidence of acute asthmatic episodes in england and wales increased from 10.2 to 27.1 per 100,000 patients per week (all ages). the increase was most marked in children up to the age of 14 years. acute bronchitis attack rates (all ages) increa ... | 1993 | 8251231 |
| utility of a respiratory virus panel containing a monoclonal antibody pool for screening of respiratory specimens in nonpeak respiratory syncytial virus season. | an indirect immunofluorescence respiratory virus panel containing monoclonal antibodies directed against respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, adenovirus, and influenza viruses a and b was used to screen specimens in the nonpeak respiratory syncytial virus seasons in 1989 and 1990. the results indicate that the respiratory virus panel is fairly sensitive (79%) and very specific (99%) for the detection of respiratory viruses directly in clinical specimens during thes ... | 1993 | 8253993 |
| dynamics of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections: a longitudinal epidemiological study in dairy herds. | to study the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections during the year, the incidences of primary infections and reinfections were monitored by titrating antibodies to bovine rsv (brsv) in cattle above 2 months of age in 6 dairy herds in the netherlands. from august 1990 until september 1991, 884 cattle were sampled at one-month intervals. a total of 155 cattle, most under two years of age, had a primary antibody response. antibody rises were found in 259 cattle of all ages. t ... | 1993 | 8257292 |
| update: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1993. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a common cause of community-wide outbreaks of acute respiratory disease, is associated with an estimated 90,000 hospitalizations and 4500 deaths from lower respiratory tract disease in both infants and young children in the united states. outbreaks usually occur from late fall or early winter through spring. since 1989, rsv activity in the united states has been monitored by the national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system (nrevss), a voluntary, l ... | 1993 | 8259109 |
| [interstitial respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in hairy-cell leukemia]. | | 1993 | 8259358 |
| treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection with recombinant interferon alfa-2a. | a prospective randomised, double blind, controlled trial was conducted in 52 infants to determine whether recombinant interferon alfa-2a (inf-alpha-2a) would reduce the morbidity of acute bronchiolitis and the respiratory syncytial virus shedding time. all infants had a positive direct antigen immunofluorescence test for respiratory syncytial virus. inf-alpha-2a (50,000 iu/kg/day) or placebo was administered by daily intramuscular injection for three consecutive days. sixteen infants received in ... | 1993 | 8259875 |
| detection of alpha-interferon in nasopharyngeal secretions and sera in children infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | we investigated the relationship between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen and interferon (ifn) in nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) and sera obtained from 252 patients infected with rsv. a total of 146 (57.9%) of 252 patients had ifn in nps with a mean titer of 28 units/ml and ifn was detected in 164 (71.6%) of 229 patients in the acute stage sera with a mean titer of 28 units/ml. ifn activities were neutralized with antiserum to ifn-alpha. rsv antigen in nps decreased on day 5 and later ... | 1993 | 8265283 |
| epidemiological study of enzootic pneumonia in dairy calves in saskatchewan. | a field study involving 325 calves from 17 dairy herds in saskatchewan was conducted to determine the risk of enzootic pneumonia and to assess its association with a number of factors. two different case definitions of pneumonia were used in the analyses: the first was based on producers' treatment risk (case1) and the second was based on semimonthly clinical examinations of calves by the research veterinarian (case2). the risk of pneumonia based on case1 was 39% and on case2 was 29%. the measur ... | 1993 | 8269363 |
| structural difference in the fusion protein among strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | the polypeptides of different strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were compared. altered electrophoretic migrations were observed in the g, f, p, m and 22 kda polypeptides. the molecular weight of the f2 fragment in human rsv (long strain) and bovine rsv (a51908 and md-x strains) was approximately 20 kda whereas it was approximately 15.5 kda in caprine rsv and bovine rsv (fs-1 and vc-464 strains). the size difference of the f2 subunit was due to difference in the extent of glycos ... | 1993 | 8273280 |
| analysis of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein gene defines a subgroup of ungulate rsv. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been isolated from sheep suffering from respiratory tract disease. since the greatest differences between bovine rsv and human rsv are found on the attachment g protein, we have determined the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the g gene of ovine rsv. the latter contained 838 nucleotides and had a major open reading frame encoding a protein of 263 residues, and shared 73% nucleotide sequence identity with that of bovine rsv. the deduced amino ac ... | 1993 | 8277288 |
| assembly of enveloped respiratory syncytial virus particles within the cytoplasm of infected vero cells. | electron microscopic examination of syncytia induced by a bovine respiratory syncytial virus strain in vero cell cultures revealed the presence in the cytoplasm of assembled enveloped virus particles within inclusions of variable sizes. moreover, budding virus particles were shown occasionally in the intracytoplasmic vesicles. these particles were filamentous in form, about 80-120 nm in diameter, variable in length, containing 12 nm diameter nucleocapsids, and looked like the extracellular parti ... | 1994 | 8279956 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1993. | | 1994 | 8283571 |
| clinical severity of respiratory syncytial virus group a and b infection in sydney, australia. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has two major antigenic groups, a and b. there is disagreement as to whether or not there is a difference in the clinical severity of disease caused by the two rsv groups. this 3-year prospective study of infants and children with rsv-positive bronchiolitis examines the relative virulence of rsv groups a and b and assesses the role that breast-feeding may have in modifying the clinical severity of infection. clinical severity was graded i (ventilated, severe), i ... | 1993 | 8284117 |
| meteorological variables and occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus in uruguay. | | 1993 | 8284518 |
| epidemiology and etiology of pneumonia in children in hong kong. | the epidemiologic and etiologic features of cases of pneumonia among 1,740 children admitted to a teaching hospital in hong kong over a 3-year period were studied. of the patients, 23% were < 1 year old and 69% were < 5 years old. the incidence of pneumonia requiring admission to the hospital was 6.4 episodes per 1,000 children per year for those < 5 years of age. the overall case fatality rate was 0.15% among patients who did not have severe underlying disease before contracting pneumonia. a ba ... | 1993 | 8286635 |
| production of acute bronchiolitis in guinea-pigs by human respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of acute bronchiolitis in young children, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of paediatric asthma. the present studies were designed to develop a model of acute rsv bronchiolitis in young guinea-pigs, that could be used to study the mechanisms of the acute bronchiolitis and its sequelae. anaesthetized, one month old guinea-pigs received either 4 x 10(3) plaque forming units of long strain human rsv or uninfected cell culture medium ... | 1993 | 8287949 |
| [etiology of epidemic parotitis]. | blood samples of 204 acute parotitis patients in a fifteen month period (1991-1992) were systematically examined for igm, iga, igg antibodies of mumps and parainfluenza-virus 1, 2, 3 (piv) by immunofluorescent test (ift) and, in special cases several other virological examinations have been done. the etiological role of mumps-virus, parainfluenza-virus 1, 2, 3, one of the other viruses was confirmed in 76.0%, 1.5%, 6.3%, 1.5%, 4.9% of the cases, respectively. the etiology remained unknown in 9.8 ... | 1994 | 8290235 |
| reliable confirmation of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using brsv nucleocapsid protein expressed in insect cells. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in the baculovirus expression system was evaluated as a source of antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antibodies. the recombinant n protein was purified from infected-cell extracts by sucrose gradient centrifugation and used in the elisa for the detection of antibodies to various rsv strains. the elisa was compared with the virus neutralization (vn) ... | 1993 | 8308106 |
| [acute parotitis in children previously vaccinated against mumps]. | children who had previously received morbilli-(mumps) rubella (mmr) vaccine developed parotid swelling which was diagnosed as acute parotitis 7 days to 2 years following inoculation. blood samples from each of the patients were tested for the following virological parameters: mumps-virus, parainfluenza-viruses (piv) type 1., 2., 3., respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), epstein barr virus capsid antigen (ebvca) igm, iga, igg immunofluorescent test (ift) and ebvca igm, igg elisa (human); epstein bar ... | 1994 | 8309684 |
| a comparison in chimpanzees of the immunogenicity and efficacy of live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) temperature-sensitive mutant vaccines and vaccinia virus recombinants that express the surface glycoproteins of rsv. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children. the present study compares the level of attenuation, genetic stability and efficacy of three conditional-lethal temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the rsv a2 wild-type virus, designated ts-1, ts-1-ng1, and ts-4, in seronegative chimpanzees and also compares their efficacy with that of vaccinia virus recombinants that express the surface glycoproteins of rsv. each of the ts mutants was ... | 1993 | 8310760 |
| bronchiolitis following infection in adults and children. | since its recognition as a clinical entity in the 1940s, our knowledge of bronchiolitis has grown with respect to the breadth of disease, epidemiology, treatment, and long-term effects. bronchiolitis occurs most commonly in infants and children in association with a predictably small number of respiratory pathogens. our knowledge of the association of bronchiolitis to subsequent wheezing is in a state of evolution. rarely, bronchiolitis may progress to a chronic obstructive process, bronchioliti ... | 1993 | 8313669 |
| bronchiolitis in children. | bronchiolitis is an acute inflammation of the airways. in infancy, it usually results from viral infection, with rsv the most common agent. the clinical syndrome is characterized by symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection and obstruction. in most patients, the duration of illness is 1 week, but bronchiolitis can cause serious morbidity in patients with pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease. in addition, patients may be left with serious sequelae, including pbar and ob. rsv causes direct dam ... | 1993 | 8313675 |
| sensitivity of nci-h292 human lung mucoepidermoid cells for respiratory and other human viruses. | nci-h292 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells from human lungs were shown in an earlier report to be a fully adequate substitute for primary rhesus monkey kidney (mk) cells for the isolation and propagation of the human paramyxoviruses. although sensitivity for ortho- and paramyxoviruses was the principal reason for using mk cells, the cells were also sensitive to many other viruses, which constituted another important value of mk cells. that mk cells supported the initial isolation and growth of so m ... | 1993 | 8314992 |
| cytoplasmic inclusions of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells: formation of inclusion bodies in transfected cells that coexpress the nucleoprotein, the phosphoprotein, and the 22k protein. | immunofluorescence staining and immunoelectron microscopy of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus-infected cells revealed the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions that were specifically labeled with monoclonal antibodies directed against the nucleoprotein (np), the phosphoprotein (p), or the 22k protein. transient expression of these three proteins with the vaccinia-t7 system, either individually or in different combinations, demonstrated that coexpression of np and p was sufficient to induce the form ... | 1993 | 8317099 |
| rescue of a 7502-nucleotide (49.3% of full-length) synthetic analog of respiratory syncytial virus genomic rna. | a cdna was constructed to encode an internally-truncated version of negative-sense genomic rna (vrna) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) containing (in 3' to 5' order) the 3' vrna leader region, the complement of the open reading frame for bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) under the control of rsv gene-start and gene-end signals, an intergenic nucleotide, the complete l gene including the gene-start and gene-end signals, and the 5' vrna trailer region. the encoded vrna analog ... | 1993 | 8317100 |
| sp-303 small-particle aerosol treatment of influenza a virus infection in mice and respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. | a natural plant product, sp-303, was administered by small-particle aerosol to influenza a/hk virus-infected mice and rsv-infected cotton rats. aqueous sp-303 at 2 mg/ml in the collison nebulizer reservoir generated an aerosol with an output of 26 micrograms/l and a particle size distribution of 1.4 microns +/- 4.6 (mmad +/- gsd). sp-303 at a dosage of 0.5-9.4 mg/kg per day administered for 3-4 days significantly increased both the rate and duration of survival of mice lethally infected with inf ... | 1993 | 8317921 |
| [pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus diagnosed by transtracheal aspiration in an adult]. | a healthy-looking 44-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever and hemosputum. the chest roentgenogram on admission showed patchy infiltrates of the segment 3 and 8 of the right lung. laboratory studies showed a leukocyte count of 9700/microliters, erythrocytes sedimentation rate of 55 mm/hour and c reactive protein of 8.7 mg/dl. the arterial po2 was 71.9 torr while the patient was breathing room air. transtracheal aspiration was performed on admission, and strains and cu ... | 1993 | 8320466 |
| predictors of outcome of severe respiratory syncytial virus-associated respiratory failure treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. | to examine the extracorporeal life support organization registry data base for all infants and children with respiratory syncytial virus-associated respiratory failure managed with extracorporeal life support, to delineate predictors of outcome. | 1993 | 8320624 |
| lack of detectable enhanced pulmonary histopathology in cotton rats immunized with purified f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) when challenged at 3-6 months after immunization. | the cotton rat model has been used to evaluate the potential for immunogens to induce respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-enhanced pulmonary histopathology. a recent study evaluated purified f protein in this model when animals were challenged intranasally with rsv 3 or 6 months after immunization. the authors concluded that the purified f protein was associated with the same level of histopathological changes as observed with the positive control, a formalin-inactivated rsv immunogen. three patho ... | 1993 | 8322482 |
| a lamb model for human respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. the development of an animal model of rsv disease serves to better understanding the pathophysiology of airway disease from rsv infection in infants and children. groups of six lambs were inoculated intratracheally (it) or intranasally (in) with a human strain of rsv (h-rsv). for controls 8 lambs received it virus-free cell lysate. tachypnea and fever were observed significantly more o ... | 1993 | 8327277 |
| hospitalization of jewish and bedouin infants in southern israel for bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | we conducted a prospective study to determine the clinical picture and impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis of pediatric patients less than 2 years of age belonging to two different ethnic groups in southern israel: jews and bedouins. all patients younger than 2 years of age hospitalized for bronchiolitis during a typical rsv season were enrolled. during the study period 120 patients with bronchiolitis were hospitalized, and 83 (69%) were rsv-pos ... | 1993 | 8327298 |
| relationship between viral antibodies and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in 495 unselected children and adolescents. | the purpose of this study was to investigate whether recent and previous subclinical viral respiratory infection can explain the presence of increased bronchial responsiveness to histamine. we studied a randomly selected population of 495 children and adolescents, aged 7-16 years, from copenhagen. if the subjects had had symptoms of respiratory infection recently, the examination was postponed for at least 6 weeks. bronchial hyperresponsiveness (bhr) to inhaled histamine was found in 79 (16%) of ... | 1993 | 8328659 |
| [effect of the humoral immune response on the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection]. | direct cytopathic effects and components of the humoral immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. using synthetic peptides as an analytical tool, it could be demonstrated that the primary immune response of young children is directed against other epitopes compared to the situation in adults. rsv-specific antibodies are not only considered to possess protective properties but also to contribute to the pathogenesis of the infection. in our ... | 1993 | 8335338 |
| membrane orientation and oligomerization of the small hydrophobic protein of human respiratory syncytial virus. | previous work has demonstrated that the small hydrophobic (sh) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a2 strain is a 64 amino acid integral membrane protein that accumulates intracellularly as an unglycosylated major species (sh0), a minor species truncated at the amino terminus and two n-glycosylated species one of which contains a further addition of polylactosamine. in this study, the membrane orientation of sh0 was mapped by trypsinization of intact rsv-infected cells followed by ... | 1993 | 8336126 |
| respiratory syncytial virus as a cause of fever and petechiae in infants. | | 1993 | 8344046 |
| new developments in the diagnosis of viral diseases. | major technical advances have occurred, especially in the last 5 years, in the laboratory diagnosis of viral infections. immunologic detection of immediate early antigens in specimens such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood inoculated into shell vial cell cultures, particularly for herpesvirus (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus), has provided results 16 to 48 hours after inoculation rather than the several days required for recognition of cytopathic effects in ... | 1993 | 8345165 |
| priming immunization determines t helper cytokine mrna expression patterns in lungs of mice challenged with respiratory syncytial virus. | defining the mechanism for the vaccine-enhanced illness associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is critical for advancing rsv vaccine development. previous studies in which infants were vaccinated with formalin-inactivated alum-precipitated whole virus did not protect from rsv infection, and those infected had a high incidence of severe illness. in contrast, previous clinical trials evaluating live attenuated rsv showed no associated vaccine-enhanced illness. we have used a mouse model ... | 1993 | 8345194 |
| restricted replication of respiratory syncytial virus in human alveolar macrophages. | the cellular factors that regulate infection and replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in human alveolar macrophages were examined. rsv-exposed alveolar macrophages demonstrated a time-dependent expression of viral glycoproteins, maximal by 24 h post-infection resulting in infection of approx. 38% of the cells. essentially all (33%) of these freshly isolated alveolar macrophages replicated rsv as shown by infectious centre assays. this rsv-permissive subpopulation of alveolar macropha ... | 1993 | 8345347 |
| inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by detergents and disinfectants. | the activity of a number of detergents and disinfectants against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was evaluated in an in vitro assay system. equal volumes of rsv and serial 10-fold dilutions of the test agents were mixed at 4 degrees c for 5 minutes. the rsv titer in each mixture was compared with that of untreated rsv alone. in 14 experiments with input rsv titers ranging from 2.6 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(7) plaque-forming units/ml, a 10-fold dilution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (generic bleach) ina ... | 1993 | 8346001 |
| [detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen in respiratory secretions]. | | 1993 | 8347712 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in lower respiratory tract and asthma attack in hospitalized children in north hokkaido, japan. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is severe and life-threatening in some infants. to investigate the epidemiology of rsv infection in hospitalized children in north hokkaido, japan, we tried to detect rsv antigen in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) from those children with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) and asthma attack. from april 1991 to march 1992, 317 patients were hospitalized in our pediatric ward for the treatment of lrti and asthma attack. the presence of rsv antigen i ... | 1993 | 8351991 |
| increased prevalence of antibodies to adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in polymyalgia rheumatica. | serum antibodies to a panel of 13 viruses and to mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci were tested in 17 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (pmr) and in 17 age- and sex-matched controls with osteoarthritis seen in the same rheumatological clinic. antibodies to adenovirus (adv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were significantly more prevalent in pmr. these antibodies were titred in 26 patients with pmr, including those evaluated in the pilot study (17 women, 9 men, mean age 72.5 ye ... | 1993 | 8353986 |
| infectious complications in heart-lung transplantation. analysis of 200 episodes. | infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in heart-lung transplant recipients. this study was designed to assess the frequency, type, and timing of infection in heart-lung transplant recipients. | 1993 | 8357286 |
| antibody responses of children to the c-terminal peptide of the sh protein of respiratory syncytial virus and the immunological characterization of this protein. | the sh protein of rsv, a small integrated hydrophobic membrane protein, consists of 64 amino acid residues in the polypeptide of subgroup a and 65 amino acid residues in the polypeptide of subgroup b. we synthesized five peptides, representing the sh protein of each rsv subgroup comprised of the following amino acid residues: 2-16, 12-26, 35-49, 45-60, and for subgroup a, 51-64 and for subgroup b, 51-65. peptides 2-16 and 51-64/65 represented the n-terminal and c-terminal ends of the protein, re ... | 1993 | 8360632 |
| paramyxoviruses and paget's disease. | using the technique of in situ hybridisation, we extended our initial studies of the occurrence of canine distemper and measles virus in paget's disease. bone samples from untreated patients and patients treated with 3-amino-hydroxypropylidene 1,1 bisphosphonate pamidronate (apd) were examined for canine distemper nucleocapsid (cdv-n), measles nucleocapsid (mv-n), respiratory syncytial virus fusion (rsv-f), and simian virus 5 haemoglutinin-neuraminidase (sv5-hn) sequences using 35s-labelled sens ... | 1993 | 8360634 |
| american academy of pediatrics committee on infectious diseases: use of ribavirin in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | | 1993 | 8361820 |
| respiratory syncytial virus. | a great deal of medical research and subsequent literature has been devoted to understanding and defining rsv as a dangerous respiratory pathogen. careful assessment and preventative measures are the hallmarks of nursing care for the infants or young children with rsv. acknowledging this seasonal virus and recognizing its potential effects, particularly on children and their families, is fundamental to the provision of effective pediatric health care. this appreciation is imperative in creating ... | 1993 | 8367331 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein gene. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects humans and animals including ruminants. among the 10 genes coded for in the viral genome, the putative attachment glycoprotein g gene has been the most variable among strains. human rsv have been divided to two subgroups based on immunological and base sequence data on the attachment glycoprotein g and its gene, respectively. it has been suggested that similar antigenic diversity also exists among bovine rsv (brsv) isolates. in this study, we report on t ... | 1993 | 8372453 |
| characteristic differences in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products of ovine, bovine, and human respiratory syncytial viruses. | in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) and dna hybridizations using primers and an oligonucleotide probe to the fusion (f) protein mrna of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), all the brsv isolates and a goat isolate could be distinguished from prototype isolates of human respiratory syncytial viruses (hrsv) and ovine (sheep and bighorn sheep) respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv). however, rt-pcr amplifications with primers to sequences of the hrsv f protein mrna resul ... | 1993 | 8373845 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and the sudden infant death syndrome. | | 1993 | 8374197 |
| lung infections in children. | airway infections in children is a considerably broad topic. this discussion focuses on several common nonbacterial causes of lower respiratory tract infection in children, including respiratory syncytial virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia pneumoniae. in addition, the occurrence of two important bacterial causes of lower respiratory illness (bordetella pertussis and mycobacterium tuberculosis) is increasing. this review focuses on current information on the prophylaxis, treatment, and d ... | 1993 | 8374645 |
| immunogenicity of purified f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus: clinical and immune responses to subsequent natural infection in children. | purified f glycoprotein from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv, subgroup a antigenic type) was evaluated in 18- to 36-month-old children as a vaccine. children had been previously infected with rsv during natural outbreaks of the virus. single injections of 5, 20, or 50 micrograms of protein resulted in greater than eightfold increases in elisa and neutralizing antibodies. second doses of vaccine did not result in further boosts in antibody. neutralizing antibodies increased not only to the a2 an ... | 1993 | 8376814 |
| sequence variability of the glycoprotein gene of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | sequence variation in the attachment glycoprotein g of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was determined. the nucleotide sequences of the g mrnas of the a51908, vc464 and fs-1 strains of brsv were compared with the published sequence of the brsv strain 391-2. nucleotide sequence alignment showed that overall they are highly conserved, with 90 to 97% identity. in addition, the coding region of strain a51908 was longer by 18 nucleotides at the 3' end. an 84 to 95% level of identity was obse ... | 1993 | 8376974 |
| acute lower respiratory illnesses during the first three years of life: potential roles for various etiologic agents. the group health medical associates. | lower respiratory tract illnesses (lris) occurring during the first 3 years of life among children enrolled in the tucson children's respiratory study have been studied for evidence of viral, mycoplasmal and chlamydia trachomatis infections. this report examines those from whom adequate acute and convalescent sera were available at the time of the lri. two groups were compared: those in whom culture and/or antigen detection yielded an etiologic agent (n = 110); and those who did not (culture neg ... | 1993 | 8380234 |
| monitoring both serum amyloid protein a and c-reactive protein as inflammatory markers in infectious diseases. | we examined serum amyloid protein a (saa) and c-reactive protein (crp) as inflammatory markers of viral and bacterial infections. both acute-phase reactants increased in the acute stage and thereafter decreased in the convalescent stage. in viral infections, the mean serum concentrations of saa during the acute stage were 141 mg/l in infections with adenovirus, 77 mg/l with measles virus, 63 mg/l with influenza virus, 55 mg/l with parainfluenza virus, 31 mg/l with respiratory syncytial virus, an ... | 1993 | 8381732 |
| isolation of seven respiratory viruses in shell vials: a practical and highly sensitive method. | the isolation of respiratory viruses in shell vials was compared with isolation in tube cultures in order to determine the sensitivity of the former, rapid method. twenty of 21 influenza virus and 15 of 15 parainfluenza virus isolates were recovered in shell vials. one hundred twenty-seven of 138 respiratory syncytial virus isolates were detected in shell vials, but only 10 of 21 adenovirus isolates were positive by the rapid method. shell vials are very effective for the diagnosis of respirator ... | 1993 | 8381816 |
| report of a workshop on respiratory viral infections: epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. | an international workshop to review the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory viral infections was held in turku, finland, in may 1991. this workshop emphasized the following points. (1) in epidemiological studies of influenza virus, serological, clinical, and gene-sequencing methods have been used to produce a full picture of genetic evolution. less complete information exists about other viruses, although new data on respiratory syncytial virus are emerging. (2) too ... | 1993 | 8383547 |
| rescue of synthetic analogs of genomic rna and replicative-intermediate rna of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | the genome of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) is a single negative-sense rna strand (vrna) that is 15,463 nucleotides in length. a cdna was constructed to encode an 898-nucleotide, internally deleted version of piv3 vrna, piv3-cat vrna, in which the viral genes were replaced with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene. the cat gene was flanked in turn by sequences representing (i) nontranslated sequences of the first and last genes in the piv3 genome, (ii) pi ... | 1993 | 8386276 |
| rhinovirus infection associated with serious illness among pediatric patients. | rhinovirus is an important cause of respiratory infection among all age groups, but it is primarily thought of as being responsible for upper respiratory tract infection. rhinovirus was isolated from the respiratory tract of 48 pediatric patients who were hospitalized (40) or seen in a pediatric emergency room (8) during the period of july, 1985, through december, 1988. twenty-eight (58%) of the patients presented during the spring and early summer. forty-one (86%) of the 48 patients were less t ... | 1993 | 8387179 |
| human herpesvirus-6 infections in infants admitted to hospital. | virological studies were carried out on 3 to 36-month-old patients admitted to the children's hospital of the university of modena with febrile syndrome from september 1990 to february 1991. virological tests were carried out for human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza viruses a and b. viral infections were confirmed in 60.7% patien ... | 1993 | 8387570 |
| viral pneumonias. the increasing importance of a high index of suspicion. | viral pneumonias account for at least 17% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia in children and in adults. although patients with viral pneumonia appear less ill clinically than those with bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonias can be fatal. antiviral therapy is available for pneumonias caused by respiratory syncytial virus, influenza a virus, and cytomegalovirus. several vaccines are important tools for the prevention of influenza a and b pneumonia. | 1993 | 8388105 |