| brucellosis in camels. | camels are highly susceptible to brucellosis caused by brucella melitensis and brucella abortus. difficulties can arise in diagnosis of camel brucellosis, especially as this disease provokes only few clinical signs in contrast to its clinical course in cattle. because none of the commonly used serological test can be perceived as a perfect test for brucella diagnosis in camel and most serological tests used for camels have been directly transposed from cattle without adequate validation, an inco ... | 2011 | 21632084 |
| morphological forms of trypanosoma evansi from blood of arabian camel (camelus dromedarius) in the riyadh metropolitan areas. | trypanosoma evansi is commonly referred to as haemoflagellate infesting camels and other vertebrates. it is causative agent of number of diseases. t. evansi has several morphological forms. we have detected three forms in the blood of camels, slender, transitional and intermediate. the present study is the first investigation on the morphological forms of t. evansi in arabian camels in saudi arabia. | 2011 | 21634239 |
| trypanosoma evansi in dromedary camel: with a case report of zoonosis in greater cairo, egypt. | trypanosoma evansi (steel, 1885) balbiani, is the cause of trypanosomiasis (surra) which multiples in the blood and body fluids. the incubation period varies from 7-15 days. the mortality rate was up to 20% and fatality rate may reach up to 100% in untreated camels. three hundred randomly selected camels were 200 males 4-6 years old and 100 females 10-15 years. they were examined clinically and diagnosed by giemsa stained blood smear, anti- trypanosomiasis-antibodies by elisa and urine thymol tu ... | 2011 | 21634243 |
| diagnosis of tuberculosis in camelids: old problems, current solutions and future challenges. | in spite of great efforts for its control and eradication, tuberculosis remains one of the most important zoonosis worldwide. its causative agents, the members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, have a wide host range that complicates the epidemiology of this disease. among susceptible species to these pathogens, camelids from the new world (llama, alpaca and vicuña) and old world (bactrian camel and dromedary) are acquiring an increasing importance in several european countries because ... | 2011 | 21635699 |
| factors influencing the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating dromedary camels in riyadh region, saudi arabia. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in camels in riyadh, saudi arabia and the factors influencing its incidence. a total of 740 quarter milk samples were collected from 47 camel herds belonging to majahim, maghatir, shu'l, and sufer breeds. california mastitis test (cmt) was used as a screening test for subclinical mastitis. samples giving negative or trace cmt scores (0) were assigned to healthy quarters, while those giving positive scores of 1+ to ... | 2011 | 21637994 |
| pathology and molecular diagnosis of paratuberculosis of camels. | camels are the prime source of meat and milk in many desert regions of the world including saudi arabia. paratuberculosis of camels, locally called silag, is a serious and invariably fatal disease in the arabian camel. six camels were used in this study. five camels with clinical paratuberculosis were used to study the pathology of the disease and confirm its aetiology. the sixth camel was clinically healthy and used as a control. the camels were examined clinically and bled for haematological a ... | 2011 | 21643659 |
| risk factors associated with prevalence and major bacterial causes of mastitis in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) under different production systems. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in desert environment of jhang (pakistan) from november 2008 to october 2009 on she-camels kept under pastoralist conditions to determine the prevalence of mastitis, impact of risk factors, and isolate the dominant mastitis-causing bacteria on total of 150 lactating she-camels by using clinical examination and surf field mastitis test. from the 150 she-camels examined, 69 (46%) were positive for mastitis at animal level, 12 (8%) clinical, and 57 (38%) subcli ... | 2011 | 21660648 |
| population genetics of trypanosoma evansi from camel in the sudan. | genetic variation of microsatellite loci is a widely used method for the analysis of population genetic structure of microorganisms. we have investigated genetic variation at 15 microsatellite loci of t. evansi isolated from camels in sudan and kenya to evaluate the genetic information partitioned within and between individuals and between sites. we detected a strong signal of isolation by distance across the area sampled. the results also indicate that either, and as expected, t. evansi is pure ... | 2011 | 21666799 |
| prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (camelus dromedaries) in iran. | gross and histopathologic lesions of the integumentary system were studied in 103 camels (camelus dromedarius) slaughtered in yazd province of iran. dermatophilosis was diagnosed in 14 (13.6%) of the studied camels. grossly, patchy thickening of the skin with dark brown scabs or crusts were observed on the rump, flanks, abdomen, shoulders, and neck. a heavy infestation with brown hard ticks was present on the lesions in almost all of the affected camels. on parasitology examination, all the tick ... | 2011 | 21667076 |
| alkhurma hemorrhagic fever in travelers returning from egypt, 2010. | to the editor: the report of 2 visitors from italy being infected by alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (ahfv) in southeastern egypt near the border with sudan (1) provides useful data to help clarify the evolutionary origin of these tick-borne flaviviruses. ahfv was first isolated in saudi arabia and is associated with camel ticks (2). it is a genetically close relative of kyasanur forest disease virus, which was first isolated in india in 1957. following the original isolation of kyasanur forest ... | 2011 | 21801660 |
| development of cys38 knock-out and humanized version of nbaahii10 nanobody with improved neutralization of aahii scorpion toxin. | during scorpion envenoming, highly toxic small polypeptides of the venom diffuse rapidly within the victim, causing serious medical problems. nanobodies (nbs), the recombinant single-domain antigen-binding fragments of camel-specific heavy-chain only antibodies, offer special advantages in therapy over classic antibody fragments due to their robustness and smaller size, matching the size of the scorpion toxins. recently, a potent aahii scorpion toxin-neutralizing nb was identified. however, this ... | 2011 | 21798998 |
| the investigation of probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional mongolian dairy products. | the aims of this study were to investigate the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from traditional mongolian dairy products, and to estimate the probiotic potential of the isolated strains. we collected 66 samples of the traditional mongolian dairy products tarag (n = 45), airag (n = 7), aaruul (n = 8), byasulag (n = 1) and eezgii (n = 5), from which 543 lab strains were isolated and identified based on 16s ribosomal dna sequence. the predominant species of those products were lact ... | 2011 | 21794017 |
| proteolytic cleavage of stingray phospholipase a2: isolation and biochemical characterization of an active n-terminal form. | abstract: background: mammalian gib-pla2 are well characterized. in contrast, much less is known about aquatic ones. the aquatic world contains a wide variety of living species and, hence represents a great potential for discovering new lipolytic enzymes. the aim of this study was to check some biochemical and structural properties of a marine stingray phospholipase a2 (spla2). results: the effect of some proteolytic enzymes on spla2 was checked. chymotrypsin and trypsin were able to hydrolyze s ... | 2011 | 21791082 |
| ultrasonographic and macroscopic anatomy of the enucleated eyes of the buffalo (bos bubalis) and the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) of different ages. | with 1 figure and 2 tables summary: the ultrasonographic appearance and measurements of the normal buffalo and camel eye globes were described in 60 buffaloes (bos bubalis) aged 1 year (28 eyes) and 10 years (32 eyes), and in 51 humped camels (camelus dromedarius) aged 1 year (26 eyes) and 10 years (24 eyes). ocular measurements were recorded by a- and b-scan ultrasonographic examination of 40 buffalo eyes (18 young and 22 adult eyes) and 34 camel eyes (14 young and 20 adult eyes) using a kangh ... | 2011 | 21790742 |
| [genetic characterization of the brucella melitensis isolates from mongolia, russia, and azerbaijan]. | the goal of this work was to provide comparative genetic characterization of the human and animal brucella melitensis isolates from mongolia, russia and azerbaijan using current molecular-genetic typing methods. | 2011 | 21786630 |
| multi-ligand specificity of pathogen associated molecular pattern-binding site in peptidoglycan recognition protein. | peptidoglycan recognition protein, pgrp-s an innate immunity molecule that specifically interacts with microbial peptidoglycans and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns. we report here two structures of the unique tetrameric camel pgrp-s (cpgrp-s) complexed with (i) muramyl dipeptide (mdp) at 2.5å resolution and (ii) n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and ß-maltose at 1.7å resolution. the binding studies carried out using surface plasmon resonance indicated that cpgrp-s binds to mdp with a dis ... | 2011 | 21784863 |
| levels and trends of pcdd/fs and pcbs in camel milk (camelus bactrianus and camelus dromedarius) from kazakhstan. | to date, despite the fact it represents a very important part of the national dairy production, no data are available concerning the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in camel milk from the republic of kazakhstan. selected pcdds, pcdfs, and pcbs were measured in pools of milk from camels (n=15) located in various places of kazakhstan (almaty, atyrau, aralsk, shymkent) and sampled at two differe ... | 2011 | 21777936 |
| complex life cycle of pterygodermatites peromysci, a trophically transmitted parasite of the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus). | the aim of this study is to experimentally verify the intermediate host of a common gastrointestinal nematode, pterygodermatites peromysci, infecting the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus) and describe the complex life cycle. as with other nematodes in the family rictulariidae, adult worms reside in the small intestine of the host, and infective eggs are shed into the environment where they are ingested by scavenger insects. a field survey of common nocturnal insects on the forest floors o ... | 2011 | 21766236 |
| magnetosome expression of functional camelid antibody fragments (nanobodies) in magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. | numerous applications of conventional and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles, such as in diagnostics, immunomagnetic separations and magnetic cell labeling, require the immobilization of antibodies. this is usually accomplished by chemical conjugation, which however, has several disadvantages, such as poor efficiency and the need for coupling chemistry. here, we describe a novel strategy to display a functional camelid antibody fragment (nanobody) from an alpaca (lama pacos) on the surface of bacte ... | 2011 | 21764974 |
| some biochemical characteristics and preservation of epididymal camel spermatozoa (camelus dromedarius). | testicles were isolated from thirty five apparently healthy dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius), aged between 5 to 18 years, in a local slaughterhouse during the rutting season. epididymal fluid was collected from one epididymis for determination of twelve biochemical and antioxidant parameters using elisa commercial kits. spermatozoa were harvested from each region of the other epididymis (head, body and tail) and stored in shotor(®), green buffer(®) + 20% egg yolk and inra-96(®) extenders a ... | 2011 | 21762979 |
| natural burkholderia mallei infection in dromedary, bahrain. | we confirm a natural infection of dromedaries with glanders. multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of a burkholderia mallei strain isolated from a diseased dromedary in bahrain revealed close genetic proximity to strain dubai 7, which caused an outbreak of glanders in horses in the united arab emirates in 2004. | 2011 | 21762586 |
| asian lineage of peste des petits ruminants virus, africa. | interest in peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) has been stimulated by recent changes in its host and geographic distribution. for this study, biological specimens were collected from camels, sheep, and goats clinically suspected of having pprv infection in sudan during 2000-2009 and from sheep soon after the first reported outbreaks in morocco in 2008. reverse transcription pcr analysis confirmed the wide distribution of pprv throughout sudan and spread of the virus in morocco. molecular ty ... | 2011 | 21762576 |
| evidence against gb virus c infection in dromedary camels. | a recent publication described finding gb virus c (gbv-c) rna in 4 of 22 dromedary camel sera, and sequence analysis found that these viruses were phylogenetically clustered within human gbv-c isolates. since all other gb viruses to date form monophyletic groups according to their host species, the close relationship between the sequences generated from camel sera and human gbv-c isolates seemed implausible, leading us to conduct an independent analysis of the sequences. our investigation found ... | 2011 | 21757300 |
| immunological aspects of scorpion toxins: current status and perspectives. | significant progress has been made in immunological studies of scorpion toxins and several formats of antibodies directed against scorpion toxins have been reported. some of these are commonly used in a specific treatment against envenoming; others are primarily used for immuno-biochemical characterizations. the preparation protocol of the antibody or its fragments can be substantially different from one laboratory to another, which complicates a direct comparison of the potency of the antivenom ... | 2011 | 21756244 |
| hard ticks on one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) and their seasonal population dynamics in southeast, iran. | the primary objective of this study was to determine the diversity and intensity of ticks found on camels (camelus dromedarius) and their seasonal population dynamics in kerman, southeast of iran. for this purpose, a total of 426 tick specimens were collected from 217 infested camels in southeast of iran during activating seasons of ticks (april 2009 to march 2010). the species collected from camel were hyalomma dromedarii (84.7%), hyalomma marginatum (8.7%), hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (5.4%) ... | 2011 | 21720786 |
| mitochondrial distribution, atp-gsh contents, calcium [ca2+] oscillation during in vitro maturation of dromedary camel oocytes. | dromedary camel oocytes have the ability to spontaneous parthenogenetic activation and development in vivo and in vitro. the present study was conducted to investigate changes in mitochondrial distribution, adenosine triphosphate (atp), and glutathione (gsh) contents and [ca(2+)] oscillation during in vitro maturation and spontaneous parthenogentic activation of dromedary camel oocytes. dromedary camel cumulus-oocyte complexes (cocs) were matured in tcm199 medium supplemented with 10% fcs + 10 + ... | 2011 | 21820723 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of cdna encoding a putative stress-induced heat-shock protein from camelus dromedarius. | heat shock proteins are ubiquitous, induced under a number of environmental and metabolic stresses, with highly conserved dna sequences among mammalian species. camelus dromedaries (the arabian camel) domesticated under semi-desert environments, is well adapted to tolerate and survive against severe drought and high temperatures for extended periods. this is the first report of molecular cloning and characterization of full length cdna of encoding a putative stress-induced heat shock hspa6 prote ... | 2011 | 21845074 |
| high affinity nanobodies against the trypanosome brucei vsg are potent trypanolytic agents that block endocytosis. | the african trypanosome trypanosoma brucei, which persists within the bloodstream of the mammalian host, has evolved potent mechanisms for immune evasion. specifically, antigenic variation of the variant-specific surface glycoprotein (vsg) and a highly active endocytosis and recycling of the surface coat efficiently delay killing mediated by anti-vsg antibodies. consequently, conventional vsg-specific intact immunoglobulins are non-trypanocidal in the absence of complement. in sharp contrast, mo ... | 2011 | 21698216 |
| vulvar pythiosis in two captive camels (camelus dromedarius). | two camels (camelus dromedarius), 3- and 4-years-old, respectively, from an eastern tennessee wildlife farm presented with persistent weight loss and large vulvar masses. an initial biopsy of the vulvar mass of one of the camels performed by a local veterinarian showed eosinophilic dermatitis. an allergic or parasitic dermatitis was suspected. the two camels were treated with one dose of sodium iodide (66 mg/kg, in 1.0 l of normosolr, iv) and ivermectin 1% (200 ug/kg po). upon presentation at th ... | 2011 | 21696258 |
| ultrasonographic evaluation of abdominal distension in 52 camels (camelus dromedarius). | the purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in the evaluation of abdominal distension in 52 camels (camelus dromedarius). the conditions included trypanosomiasis (n=35), intestinal obstruction (n=12) and ruptured urinary bladder (n=5). fifteen clinically normal camels were included as controls. transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography was carried out on all camels. in animals with trypanosomiasis, ultrasonographic findings included accumulation of massiv ... | 2011 | 21840025 |
| teasing apart tangrams: testing hippocampal pattern separation with a collaborative referencing paradigm. | the hippocampus and the medial temporal lobe cortex [medial temporal lobe cortices (mtlc)] both contribute to long-term memory. although their contributions are thought to be dissociable, the nature of the representations that each region supports remains unclear. the complementary learning systems (cls) modeling approach suggests that hippocampus represents overlapping information in a sparser and therefore more separated fashion than mtlc. we tested this prediction using a collaborative refere ... | 2011 | 21830250 |
| determination of free phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity of methanolic extracts obtained from leaves and flowers of camel thorn (alhagi maurorum). | the present study comprises the determination of some phenolic acids from the leaves and flowers of alhagi maurorum by hplc-dad, confirmed by lc-ms-apci. the antioxidant properties and measurements of the total phenolic contents of the extracts were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) free radical scavenging and folin-ciocalteu methods, respectively. it was found that the leaf extract had higher antioxidant potential (83.5%) than the flower extract (72.3%). the antioxidant propertie ... | 2011 | 21834635 |
| selenium and copper status of camels in al-jouf area (saudi arabia). | in order to understand the changes in copper and selenium status in camel dam and calf around the calving period, blood samples were collected in 26 she-camel before delivery and after as well as their calves after birth. the mean values for the mother and their newborn were respectively 70.3ôçë-¦ôçë19.8 and 58.6ôçë-¦ôçë13.9-á++g/100-áml for copper, 5.3ôçë-¦ôçë3.7 and 4.6ôçë-¦ôçë1.7-á++g/100-áml for selenium. no change was observed for copper, but selenium increased after parturition in 81% of t ... | 2011 | 21698520 |
| effect of season on contractile and metabolic properties of desert camel muscle (camelus dromedarius). | thirty fattened one humped desert camels were used to examine the effect of season on contractile and metabolic properties of longissimus thoracis (lt) muscle. ten camels were slaughtered according to seasons of the year (winter, summer and autumn). season significantly influenced muscle chemical composition, ultimate ph (phu) and color. activities of metabolic enzymes were higher during autumn season compared to summer and winter for phosphofructokinase (+64% compared to both seasons) and for i ... | 2011 | 21737209 |
| camel milk: an alternative for cow's milk allergy in children. | treatment of cow's milk allergy (cma) in children includes avoidance of cow's milk and providing a milk substitute. this study was designed to determine whether cma children could safely consume camel's milk as an alternative, and skin-prick test (spt) to camel's milk could be a reliable tool in selecting them. between april 2007 and february 2010, children with confirmed cma seen at the allergy-immunology clinic, hamad medical corp., were enrolled into this prospective cohort study. subjects ha ... | 2011 | 21703103 |
| unique strategies to control reproduction in camels. | the reproductive efficiency of camels is low under natural pastural conditions and so the use of artifical insemination and embryo transfer are becoming increasingly important to improve their breeding potential. methods to control their reproductive cycle are therefore essential. this review describes characteristics of the ovarian follicular wave pattern in camels and exogenous hormonal control of ovulation. it also summarizes the difficulties involved with artifical insemination and analyzing ... | 2010 | 21755692 |
| risk factors for symptoms of gastrointestinal illness in rural town isiolo, kenya. | this study assesses risk factors for food-borne gastrointestinal illness indicated by diarrhoea and/or vomiting using 14-day recalls among children and young adults. the study was set in isiolo, a rural town of kenya, inhabited mainly by pastoralists of different ethnic groups. the preparation methods of milk at the household level were also investigated. the study was cross-sectional and involved 900 participants from randomly selected households. they were interviewed using a structured questi ... | 2011 | 21824377 |
| Protocol for high-resolution electrophoresis separation of myosin heavy chain isoforms in bovine skeletal muscle. | In this short communication we describe a specific protocol for SDS-PAGE separation of adult bovine myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) isoforms. The conditions defined in this protocol allow a good separation with a good reproducibility of the four MyHC isoforms (MyHC I, IIa, IIx, IIb) identified in adult skeletal muscle of this species. This procedure uses mini-gel electrophoresis system and does not involve preparation of gradient separating gels. In addition, this protocol can also be applied to the e ... | 2011 | 21688279 |
| Topographical anatomy and desensitization of the pudendal nerve in adult male dromedary camels. | The objectives of this study were to describe the topographical anatomy of the pudendal nerve and to develop techniques of its blocking in adult male dromedary camels. Two cadavers and 30 adult male dromedary camels were used for the description of topographical anatomy and pudendal nerve block techniques, respectively. Results revealed that the pudendal nerve arises from the ventral branches of the 2(nd) and 3(rd) sacral spinal nerves. The nerve had three divisions; dorsal, middle, and ventral. ... | 2011 | 21705059 |
| The pharmacokinetics of hydrochlorothiazide in the camel. | | 2011 | 21906084 |
| Effect of cigarette menthol content on mainstream smoke emissions. | The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act empowered the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to study "the impact of the use of menthol in cigarettes on the public health, including such use among children, African Americans, Hispanics and other racial and ethnic minorities," and develop recommendations. Current scientific evidence comparing human exposures between menthol and nonmenthol smokers shows mixed results. This is largely because of the many differences between commercial ... | 2011 | 21888394 |
| development of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of eimeria macusaniensis in camel id feces. | objective-to test the ability of a nested pcr assay to detect eimeria macusaniensis at various stages of infection in alpacas. animals-4 healthy adult alpacas with no detectable e macusaniensis. procedures-alpacas were inoculated with 2 × 10(4) sporulated oocysts. serial fecal samples collected during the next 38 days were tested via sucrose flotation and pcr assay. results-oocyst passage was detected via fecal flotation in all 4 alpacas 31 to 35 days after inoculation. three had positive ... | 2012 | 22204283 |
| assessment of cooked alpaca and llama meats from the statistical analysis of data collected using an 'electronic nose'. | as part of an eu-funded project to assist in developing the production chain of meat from camelids in south america we have investigated the possibility of using an electronic nose to distinguish between the different types of meat of commercial interest. on-site monitoring of freshly cooked camelid meat using a bloodhound electronic nose has been carried out in peru and bolivia. sampling was carried out using inert, collapsible plastic bags. linear discriminant analysis of data generated by the ... | 2001 | 22061919 |
| monoclonal antibodies for the identification and purification of vnar domains and ignar immunoglobulins from the horn shark heterodontus francisci. | in addition to conventional antibodies, cartilaginous fish have evolved a distinctive type of immunoglobulin, designated as ignar, which lacks the light polypeptide chains and is composed entirely by heavy chains. ignar molecules can be manipulated by molecular engineering to produce the variable domain of a single heavy chain polypeptide (vnars). these, together with the vhh camel domains, constitute the smallest naturally occurring domains able to recognize an antigen. their special features, ... | 2011 | 21851231 |
| chemical composition and quality of camel meat. | l. dorsi, semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles from the camel had similar moisture, protein and fat content, but significantly (p < 0·05) different ash content. these muscles had also similar sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein concentrations. l. dorsi muscle had the highest content of collagen but a higher solubility of hydroxyproline than semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles. it also had a brighter red colour. water-holding capacity was not significantly different between the thr ... | 1990 | 22055364 |
| Potent neutralization of influenza a virus by a single-domain antibody blocking m2 ion channel protein. | Influenza A virus poses serious health threat to humans. Neutralizing antibodies against the highly conserved M2 ion channel is thought to offer broad protection against influenza A viruses. Here, we screened synthetic Camel single-domain antibody (VHH) libraries against native M2 ion channel protein. One of the isolated VHHs, M2-7A, specifically bound to M2-expressed cell membrane as well as influenza A virion, inhibited replication of both amantadine-sensitive and resistant influenza A viruses ... | 2011 | 22164266 |
| a long life among ruminants: giraffids and other special cases. | in order to investigate differences in the relative maximum longevity and other life history parameter between ruminant species, we collated data on mean body mass, maximum longevity, gestation period and newborn mass in wild ruminant and camelid species. among ruminants, giraffids (giraffe giraffa camelopardalis and okapi okapia johnstoni) have particularly high longevities, long gestation periods, and low intrauterine growth rates. a particularly high absolute and relative longevity is also ac ... | 2011 | 22045457 |
| effects of age on fatty acid composition of the hump and abdomen depot fats of the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius). | this study aimed to quantify concentrations of fatty acids in the hump and abdomen fats of three different age groups of camel. hump and abdomen fats were extracted from eight each of one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) of three age groups: group 1 (<1 year old), group 2 (1-3 years old) and group 3 (>3 years old). the fatty acid methyl ester concentrations of these fats were determined by gas-liquid chromatography (glc). the percentage of fat in the hump (h) and abdomen (a) fats was signific ... | 2002 | 22061418 |
| Purification and biochemical characterization of an organic-solvent-tolerant thioredoxin from dromedary pancreas. | We purified to homogeneity and characterized a heat stable thioredoxin which catalyzes thiol/disulfide exchange reaction, for the first time from dromedary pancreas. The purification involved heat and acidic treatment (90 °C; pH 2.5), precipitation by ammonium sulphate and ethanol, respectively followed by sequential column chromatography reverse HPLC column, and it resulted in an apparently pure protein after a 217-fold purification with a final yield of 55% of the initial thioredoxin activity. ... | 2012 | 22081312 |
| a note on the influence of heat treatment, salting and smoking on the acceptability of camel meat products. | the present study was conducted to assess the effect of selected processing operations on the acceptability of camel meat products in dire dawa, eastern ethiopia. a total of eight camel meat products were prepared at two levels of salting, smoking, frying and cooking. they were evaluated by a sensory panel using a preference test. the results showed that the fully fried samples were not significantly different in preference to the smoked (2.5% salt, 3 h smoking) samples and were more acceptable ... | 1999 | 22063462 |
| chondrosarcoma in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | a 4-year 10-month-old, intact female dromedary camel had progressive left carpal joint swelling and lameness for 7 months. radiographs showed multifocal lytic lesions in the carpal and proximal metacarpal bones. surgical biopsy of the synovial capsule and carpal bones suggested neoplasia, and the camel was subsequently euthanized. at necropsy, a white to pale pink, firm, multilobulated, soft tissue mass was located on the palmar aspect of the left carpal joint. two smaller masses were present on ... | 2011 | 21908303 |
| analysis and comparison of proteomic profiles of tear fluid from human, cow, sheep, and camel eyes. | to investigate the tear proteome profiles of human, cow, sheep, and camel comparatively and to explore the difference of tear protein profiles among different species. | 2011 | 22025569 |
| an overview of brucellosis. | brucellosis is the most important zoonotic disease caused by brucella species comprising gram negative, facultative, intracellular pathogens. the true incidence of human brucellosis is unknown for most countries of the world including bangladesh. but brucellosis is not uncommon in our country. due to its increasing incidence in many countries of the world it is an important issue now days. domestic animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, camel, buffalo and dogs serve as a reservoir hosts. tr ... | 2011 | 22081201 |
| the desert camel as a meat animal. | fifty-two mature, fattened male camels were used for determining live animal and carcase measurements, carcase yield and characteristics. the average slaughter weight of mature, fattened desert camels was 456 kg, while the mean empty body weight was 404·8 kg. the camel carcase dressed out as 55·8% and 63·6% of live and empty body weight, respectively. the mean carcase composition was 56% meat,19% bone and 13·7% fat. of the body components of the camel, the head, hide and liver represented 3·5, 8 ... | 1989 | 22055021 |
| comparison of fresh beef and camel meat proteolysis during cold storage. | the objective of this research was to determine the difference in myofibrillar fragmentation of camel meat and beef during postmortem aging. semitendinosus muscle was excised at slaughter and muscle ph was measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72h postmortem. myofibril fragmentation index was measured on 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postmortem. also, myofibrils isolated from semitendinosus muscles of camel and cattle at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days postmortem storage were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polya ... | 2008 | 22063614 |
| Nanobodies®: new ammunition to battle viruses. | In 1989, a new type of antibody was identified, first in the sera of dromedaries and later also in all other species of the Camelidae family. These antibodies do not contain a light chain and also lack the first constant heavy domain. Today it is still unclear what the evolutionary advantage of such heavy chain-only antibodies could be. In sharp contrast, the broad applicability of the isolated variable antigen-binding domains (VHH) was rapidly recognized, especially for the development of thera ... | 2011 | 21939690 |
| Immunohistochemical studies on the poll gland of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the rutting season. | The poll glands are subcutaneous exocrine glands located on the back of the neck behind the ears in male camels. The function of poll glands is not well known, though they are thought to play a role during the rutting season. The presence, location and degree of immunolocalization of microfilaments and intermediate filament systems: actin and cytokeratins (Cks) and also S100 protein were studied in the poll glands in sexually mature one-humped camels during the rutting season. These proteins wer ... | 2011 | 21855116 |
| Nanobody-coupled microbubbles as novel molecular tracer. | Camelid-derived single-domain antibody-fragments (~15kDa), called nanobodies, are a new class of molecular tracers that are routinely identified with nanomolar affinity for their target and that are easily tailored for molecular imaging and drug delivery applications. We hypothesized that they are well-suited for the design of targeted microbubbles (µBs) and aimed to develop and characterize eGFP- and VCAM-1-targeted µBs. Anti-eGFP (cAbGFP4) and anti-VCAM-1 (cAbVCAM1-5) nanobodies were site-spec ... | 2011 | 22197777 |
| The antiplatelet activity of camel urine. | For centuries, camel urine has been used for medicinal purposes and anecdotally proclaimed as a cure for a wide range of diseases. However, the apparent therapeutic actions of camel urine have yet to be subjected to rigorous scientific scrutiny. Recent preliminary studies from the authors' laboratory have indicated that camel urine possesses potent antiplatelet activity, not found in human or bovine urines, suggesting a possible role for camel urine in inhibiting platelet function. The goal of t ... | 2011 | 21854200 |
| nutrient composition of najdi-camel meat. | the proximate composition, amino-acid composition, and inorganic nutrients of different wholesale cuts and organs of 18 (six each at eight, 16, and 26 months) najdi male camels have been determined. skeletal muscles contained 68·8-76% moisture; 19·4-20·5% protein; 4·1-10·6% fat, and 1·0-1·1% ash. in proximate composition, camel meat is generally similar to beef. significant differences (p < 0·05) in moisture, fat, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and zinc were found between samples. the meat ... | 1995 | 22059764 |
| Bush Animal Attacks: Management of complex injuries in a resource-limited setting. | ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Though animal-related injuries and fatalities have been documented throughout the world, the variety of attacks by wild animals native to rural East Africa are less commonly described. Given the proximity of our northwestern Tanzania hospital to Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and the Serengeti National Park, and presentation of several patients attacked by bush animals and suffering a variety of complex injuries, we sought to report the pattern of attacks and surgical ... | 2011 | 22189007 |
| effects of age on composition and quality of muscle longissimus thoracis of the omani arabian camel (camelus dromedaries). | the aim of this study was to determine the effects of age on chemical composition and quality characteristics of the arabian one-humped camel's meat. samples of longissimus thoracis (between the 10th and the 13th rib of the left side) were randomly collected from 21 omani intact male camels of three different age groups: group 1 (1-3 years), group 2 (3-5 years) and group 3 (6-8 years). samples were chilled (1-3°c) for 48h. moisture, crude protein, fat and ash were determined on freeze dried grou ... | 2006 | 22062561 |
| Joe Camel in a Bottle: Diageo, the Smirnoff Brand, and the Transformation of the Youth Alcohol Market. | I have documented the shift in youth alcoholic beverage preference from beer to distilled spirits between 2001 and 2009. I have assessed the role of distilled spirits industry marketing strategies to promote this shift using the Smirnoff brand marketing campaign as a case example. I conclude with a discussion of the similarities in corporate tactics across consumer products with adverse public health impacts, the importance of studying corporate marketing and public relations practices, and th ... | 2011 | 22095339 |
| establishment and application of a polymerase chain reaction for the identification of beef. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based method for the identification of beef by amplification of bovine 1.709 satellite dna was established. the method not only was able to amplify raw beef dna, but also cooked or autoclaved meat dna. the sequence selected for amplification consisted of a 218 bp dna fragment lying in the 1.709 satellite dna of bovine. a pair of synthetic oligonucleotides flanking this sequence were used as printers, and genomic dna extracted from beef samples employed as templa ... | 1999 | 22061857 |
| camelus dromedarius putative cytochrome p450 enzyme cyp2e1: complete coding sequence and phylogenetic tree. | this study determined the full-length sequence of cyp2e1, one of six cytochrome p450 genes previously examined in camel tissues by western blotting and semi-quantitative pcr. the camelus dromedarius cyp2e1 has an open reading frame of 1,473 bp, and the cdna encodes a protein of 490 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 54.8 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence showed the highest identity with bos taurus (88%), sus scrofa (87%), and homo sapiens (83%). in a phylogenetic analysis, the c. ... | 2011 | 21964519 |
| botulinum neurotoxins and botulism: a novel therapeutic approach. | specific treatment is not available for human botulism. current remedial mainstay is the passive administration of polyclonal antibody to botulinum neurotoxin (bont) derived from heterologous species (immunized animal or mouse hybridoma) together with supportive and symptomatic management. the antibody works extracellularly, probably by blocking the binding of receptor binding (r) domain to the neuronal receptors; thus inhibiting cellular entry of the holo-bont. the antibody cannot neutralize th ... | 2011 | 22069720 |
| occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in bactrian camel in iran. | a study on naturally acquired gastrointestinal helminthic parasites in bactrian camel was carried out in ardabil province, northwest of iran, which is the main site of this species in iran. this species has importance in iran due to its low population. a total of 25 faecal samples (25% of population) were examined by clayton lane method to determine the egg count of different types of helminths in different age groups. helminth eggs were found in 13 (52%) of the faecal samples (0-191 e ... | 2011 | 22041757 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera from camels (camelus dromedarius) in riyadh province, saudi arabia. | from april to december 2010, blood samples were collected from 412 healthy camels in riyadh province, saudi arabia and used to evaluate serological screening for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii infection by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). of the 412 camels, antibodies to n. caninum were found in sixteen in titers of 1:20 and in seven in titers of 1:40 using whole n. caninum tachyzoites as ifat slide (vmrd inc., pullman, wa 99163, usa). antibodies to t. gondii were found in n ... | 2011 | 21980764 |
| molecular identification of animal isolates of echinococcus granulosus from iran using four mitochondrial genes. | mitochondrial genes have more power than nuclear genes in reconstructing phylogenetic relationships among closely related species because of their faster sequence evolution. the aim of this study was to use the complete or near-complete sequences from three mitochondrial genes (cox1, nad1 and atp6) and partial sequences of the 12s rrna gene to infer relationships among isolates of echinococcus granulosus from iran. two hundred and twenty-nine isolates of e. granulosus were collected from cattle, ... | 2011 | 22166311 |
| impact of albumin on drug delivery - new applications on the horizon. | over the past decades, albumin has emerged as a versatile carrier for therapeutic and diagnostic agents, primarily for diagnosing and treating diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and infectious diseases. market approved products include fatty acid derivatives of human insulin or the glucagon-like-1 peptide (levemir(®) and victoza(®)) for treating diabetes, the taxol albumin nanoparticle abraxane(®) for treating metastatic breast cancer which is also under clinical investigation in further tum ... | 2011 | 21959118 |
| affinity transfer to a human protein by cdr3 grafting of camelid vhh. | vhh is the binding domain of the igg heavy chain. some vhhs have an extremely long cdr3 that contributes to antigen binding. we studied the antigen binding ability of cdr3 by grafting a cdr3 from an antigen-binding vhh onto a nonbinding vhh. cab-ca05-(1ri8), the cdr3-grafted vhh, had an antigen-binding ability. to find a human scaffold protein acceptable for vhh cdr3 grafting, we focused on the conserved structure of vhh, especially the n-terminal and c-terminal amino acid residues of the cdr3 l ... | 2011 | 21910150 |
| home and other nontraffic injuries among children and youth in a high-income middle eastern country: a trauma registry study. | a trauma registry in the united arab emirates was used to ascertain nontraffic injuries of 0- to 19-year-olds. the registry's value for prevention was assessed. a total of 292 children and youth with nontraffic injuries were admitted for >24 hours at surgical wards of the main trauma hospital in al ain region during 36 months in 2003-2006. injuries were analyzed by external cause, location, body part, and severity. nontraffic represented 60% (n = 292) of child and youth injuries. incidence/100 0 ... | 2011 | 22199149 |
| camel bite injuries in united arab emirates: a 6 year prospective study. | purpose: to prospectively study the incidence, mechanism, distribution of injury, and outcome of patients admitted to al-ain hospital with camel bite injuries in al-ain, united arab emirates. methodology: all patients admitted to al-ain hospital with a camel bite were prospectively studied during the period of october 2001-october 2007. patient's demography, mechanism of injury including behaviour of the camel, distribution and severity of injury, and outcome were studied. results: 33 patients w ... | 2011 | 22186231 |
| dual beneficial effect of an interloop disulfide bond for single domain antibody fragments. | functional heavy-chain antibodies (hcabs) in camelids have their antigen-binding fragment comprised in a single domain, named vhh (variable domain of heavy-chain of hcab). the vhh harbors remarkable amino acid substitutions in the framework region-2 (fr-2) to generate an antigen-binding domain that functions in absence of a light chain partner. the substitutions provide a more hydrophilic, hence more soluble, character to the vhh but decrease the intrinsic stability of the domain. here we invest ... | 2011 | 22128183 |
| generation and characterization of a functional nanobody against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2; angiogenesis cell receptor. | vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (vegfr2) is an important tumor-associated receptor and blockade of the vegf receptor signaling can lead to the inhibition of neovascularization and tumor metastasis. nanobodies are the smallest intact antigen binding fragments derived from heavy chain-only antibodies occurring in camelids. here, we describe the identification of a vegfr2-specific nanobody, named 3vgr19, from dromedaries immunized with a cell line expressing high levels of vegfr2. we ... | 2011 | 22208996 |
| prevalence study of bovine viral diarrhea virus by evaluation of antigen capture elisa and rt-pcr assay in bovine, ovine, caprine, buffalo and camel aborted fetuses in iran. | abstract: bovine viral diarrhea virus is a pestivirus in the family flaviviridae that cause abortions and stillbirths in livestock and its traditional diagnosis is based on cell culture and virus neutralization test. in this study, for more sensitive, specific detection and determined the prevalence of virus in aborted bovine, ovine, caprine, buffalo and camel fetuses the antigen capture elisa and rt-pcr were recommended. from the total of 2173 aborted fetuses, 347 (15.96%) and 402 (18.49%) were ... | 2011 | 22018096 |
| ultrastructure features of camel cornea - collagen fibril and proteoglycans. | introduction the uniform distribution of collagen fibrils and proteoglycans maintain the transparency of normal cornea. we describe the ultrastructural features of camel cornea including collagen fibrils and proteoglycans (pgs). methods camel corneas (of 6-, 8-, and 10-month-old animals) were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde containing cuprolinic blue in sodium acetate buffer and processed for electron microscopy. the 'analysis ls professional' program was used to analyze the collagen fibril diame ... | 2011 | 22051149 |
| enhancement of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor transcytosis by biparatopic vhh. | the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pigr) ensures the transport of dimeric immunoglobulin a (diga) and pentameric immunoglobulin m (pigm) across epithelia to the mucosal layer of for example the intestines and the lungs via transcytosis. per day the human pigr mediates the excretion of 2 to 5 grams of diga into the mucosa of luminal organs. this system could prove useful for therapies aiming at excretion of compounds into the mucosa. here we investigated the use of the variable domain of came ... | 2011 | 22022593 |
| the yield and nutritional value of meat from african ungulates, camelidae, rodents, ratites and reptiles. | the current knowledge of the yield and nutritional (proximate and fatty acid) composition of meat derived from african ungulates, camelidae, rodents, ratites and reptiles is reviewed. although most of the species discussed give low cholesterol levels consistent with their low meat lipid contents, the tegu lizard gives a very low level (18.2mg/100g tissue). the fatty acid profiles of the various species all have low saturated fatty acids and high polyunsaturated fatty acids resulting in favourabl ... | 2008 | 22063174 |
| nanobodies® specific for respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein protect against infection by inhibition of fusion. | despite the medical importance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections, there is no vaccine or therapeutic agent available. prophylactic administration of palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal rsv fusion (f) protein-specific antibody, can protect high-risk children. previously, we have demonstrated that rsv can be neutralized by picomolar concentrations of a camelid immunoglobulin single-variable domain that binds the rsv protein f (f-vhhb nanobodies). here, we investigated the mechanism b ... | 2011 | 21998474 |
| gross and histopathological studies on pulmonary lesions of camel (camelus dromedarius) slaughtered at addis ababa abattoir, ethiopia. | this study was carried out with the aim of identifying types of gross and histopathological lesions in lungs of camels slaughtered between october 2009 and april 2010 at addis ababa abattoir enterprise, ethiopia. all camels were originated from borana and kereyu areas. a total of 387 slaughtered camel lungs were inspected during the study period. of which, one or more gross lesions were encountered on 300 lungs. lesions were further subjected for detail gross and histopathological examinations. ... | 2011 | 21909867 |
| fatty acid composition of the meat and fat of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | the fatty acid composition of lean raw meat taken from the hind leg of seven young (1-3 years of age) male one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) has been determined by capillary gas-liquid chromatography; fat samples taken from the hump of these seven camels were also analysed. the saturated fatty acids in the meat account for 51·5% of the total fatty acids, while the monosaturated and polyunsaturated chains constitute 29·9 and 18·6%, respectively. the major fatty acids in camel meat are palmi ... | 1994 | 22059419 |
| isolation and culture of preantral follicles for retrieving oocytes for the embryo production: present status in domestic animals. | the development of efficient ovarian preantral follicle (pf) isolation and culture systems provide a large number of oocytes for the manipulation and embryo production. it also helps for understanding the mechanisms of follicle and oocyte development. isolation and culture protocols for pfs were developed for many domestic species like cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, horse, camel, dog and cats; however, embryo production from oocytes derived from in vitro grown pfs was reported only in pigs, ... | 2011 | 22008238 |
| reference values for the genitalia of male dromedary before and after puberty using caliper and ultrasonography in subtropics. | the aim of the present study was to characterize the dynamic changes of the testes and the pelvic genitalia in vivo in male dromedary. eighty-one clinically healthy male dromedaries aged 1.5 to 12 years were assigned for the present study. testicular length, breadth, and depth as well as epididymal head and tail were measured using caliper and ultrasonography. the pelvic genitalia, including bulbourethral gland, prostate, and pelvic urethra were examined using ultrasonography. the results reveal ... | 2011 | 22056018 |
| south american camelid illegal traffic detection by means of molecular markers. | south american camelids comprise the wild species guanaco and vicuña and their respective domestic relatives llama and alpaca. the aim of the present study was to determine by dna analysis to which of these species belong a herd of camelids confiscated from a llama breeder but alleged to be alpacas by the prosecution, and to evaluate the usefulness of mitochondrial and autosomal dna markers to solve judicial cases involving camelid taxa. cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase i mitochondrial genes ... | 2011 | 21982877 |
| Advanced colorectal cancer with double-hump camel-like appearance. | | 2011 | 21951098 |
| Inhibitory Effects of Native/Recombinant Full-Length Camel Lactoferrin and its N/C lobes on Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Huh7.5 Cells. | Lactoferrin was suggested to have anti-viral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV). The objective of this study was to compare effects of recombinant camel lactoferrin (rcLf), native camel lactoferrin (ncLf), and their N/C fragments on HCV infection in Huh7.5 cells. ncLf was purified from camel milk, and N/C-lobes were proteolytically generated. rcLf and its fragments were synthesized by Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. All proteins but the C-lobe of rcLf were soluble. The inhibitory ... | 2011 | 22052996 |
| A molecular survey on cystic echinococcosis in Sinnar area, Blue Nile state (Sudan). | Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by the cestodes of the Echinococcus species. Its life cycle involves dogs and other canids as definitive hosts for the intestinal tapeworm, as well as domestic and wild ungulates as intermediate hosts for the tissue-invading metacestode (larval) stage. The disease has a special impact on disadvantaged pastoralist communities and is listed now among the three top priority neglected tropical disease (NTD). Therefore, CE is a neglected disease even in ... | 2011 | 22040487 |
| effects of undenatured whey protein supplementation on cxcl12- and ccl21-mediated b and t cell chemotaxis in diabetic mice. | long and persistent uncontrolled diabetes tends to degenerate the immune system and leads to an increased incidence of infection. whey proteins (wps) enhance immunity during early life and have a protective role in some immune disorders. in this study, the effects of camel wp on the chemotaxis of b and t cells to cxcl12 and ccl21 in diabetic mice were investigated. | 2011 | 22070978 |
| Morphometric differentiation between camel and sheep strains of Echinococcus granulosus using computer image analysis system (CIAS). | To find importance of morphometric criterion of larval rostellar hook of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) and the easy and reliable method for distinguish sheep and camel strains in epidemiologic studies. | 2012 | 22182645 |
| biological activity of camel milk casein following enzymatic digestion. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis with digestive enzymes of camel whole casein and beta-casein (β-cn) on their antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ace)-inhibitory properties. peptides in each hydrolysate were fractionated with ultra-filtration membranes. the antioxidant activity was determined using a trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (teac) scale. after enzymatic hydrolysis, both antioxidant and ace-inhibitory activities of camel whole ... | 2011 | 21910944 |
| evaluation of glycoproteins purified from adult and larval camel ticks (hyalomma dromedarii) as a candidate vaccine. | in order to identify antigens that can help prevent camel tick infestations, three major glycoproteins (glps) about 97, 66 and 40 kda in size were purified from adult and larval egyptian ticks, hyalomma (h.) dromedarii, using a single-step purification method with con-a sepharose. the purified glps were evaluated as vaccines against camel tick infestation in rabbits. the rabbits received three intramuscular inoculations of glps (20 µg/animal) on days 0, 14, and 28. in the immunoblot analysis, se ... | 2011 | 21897098 |
| Diagnostic Value of Animal-Side Antibody Assays for Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti Infection in South American Camelids. | Tuberculosis (TB) in South American camelids (SAC) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti. Two serological methods, rapid testing (RT) and the dual-path platform (DPP) assay, were evaluated using naturally infected SAC. The study population included 156 alpacas and 175 llamas in Great Britain, Switzerland, and the United States. TB due to M. bovis (n = 44) or M. microti (n = 8) in 35 alpacas and 17 llamas was diagnosed by gross pathology examination and culture. Control animal ... | 2011 | 22012976 |
| histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study of the lymph nodes of the one humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | prescapular, femoral, mesenteric, mediastinal and splenic lymph nodes from nine camels of one to 12 years of age were studied. there were no obvious structural differences between these different lymph nodes or between the ages. the lymph nodes were surrounded by a capsule formed of two layers, an outer thicker layer of connective tissue and an inner thinner layer mainly of smooth muscles. trabeculae extended from the inner layer of the capsule dividing the parenchyma characteristically into inc ... | 2011 | 22169326 |
| Functional organization of hsp70 cluster in camel (Camelus dromedarius) and other mammals. | Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a molecular chaperone providing tolerance to heat and other challenges at the cellular and organismal levels. We sequenced a genomic cluster containing three hsp70 family genes linked with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region from an extremely heat tolerant animal, camel (Camelus dromedarius). Two hsp70 family genes comprising the cluster contain heat shock elements (HSEs), while the third gene lacks HSEs and should not be induced by heat shock ... | 2011 | 22096537 |
| Identification of meat species by PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial COI gene. | Meat authenticity verification is pertinent for economical, religious or public health concerns. The present study investigates the use of PCR-RFLP of a part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene for identification of species origin of raw meat samples of cow, chicken, turkey, sheep, pig, buffalo, camel and donkey. PCR yielded a 710-bp fragment in all species. The amplicons were digested with seven restriction endonucleases (Hind II, Ava II, Rsa I, Taq I, Hpa II, Tru 1I ... | 2012 | 21996288 |
| comparison of diagnostic tests for the detection of brucella spp. in camel sera. | abstract: background: brucellosis in livestock causes enormous losses for economies of developing countries and poses a severe health risk to consumers of dairy products. little information is known especially on camel brucellosis and its impact on human health. for surveillance and control of the disease, sensitive and reliable detection methods are needed. although serological tests are the mainstay of diagnosis in camel brucellosis, these tests have been directly transposed from cattle witho ... | 2011 | 22145943 |
| prevalence of listeria species in camel sausages from retail markets in aydin province in turkey and rapd analysis of listeria monocytogenes isolates. | samples were taken from 100 camel sausages from the different retail markets in aydin province in the south-west of turkey and they were tested for the presence of listeria spp by biochemical methods. samples were enriched using listeria enrichment broth and they were inoculated onto listeria selective agar. listeria monocytogenes was isolated from nine samples (9%), listeria innocua from 14 samples (14%) and listeria welshimeri from two samples(2%). a 701 bp fragment of listeriolysin o sequence ... | 2006 | 21851683 |
| bovine neonatal pancytopenia-like syndrome in dromedaries. | | 2011 | 21856672 |
| a review of the growth, and of the carcass and meat quality characteristics of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedaries). | the dromedary camel is a good source of meat especially in areas where the climate adversely affects the performance of other meat animals. this is because of its unique physiological characteristics, including a great tolerance to high temperatures, solar radiation, water scarcity, rough topography and poor vegetation. the average birth weight of camels is about 35kg, but it varies widely between regions, breeds and within the same breed. the meat producing ability of camels is limited by modes ... | 2008 | 22063567 |