| functional magnetic resonance imaging of auditory cortical fields in awake marmosets. | the primate auditory cortex is organized into a network of anatomically and functionally distinct processing fields. because of its tonotopic properties, the auditory core has been the main target of neurophysiological studies ranging from sensory encoding to perceptual decision-making. by comparison, the auditory belt has been less extensively studied, in part due to the fact that neurons in the belt areas prefer more complex stimuli and integrate over a wider frequency range than neurons in th ... | 2017 | 28830766 |
| larger cages with housing unit environment enrichment improve the welfare of marmosets. | the provision of adequate space for laboratory animals is essential not only for good welfare but accurate studies. for example, housing conditions for primates used in biomedical research may negatively affect welfare and thus the reliability of findings. in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), an appropriate cage size enables a socially harmonious family environment and optimizes reproductive potential. in this study, we investigated the effects of cage size on body weight (bw), behavior, an ... | 2017 | 28824049 |
| novel method of extracting motion from natural movies. | the visual system in primates can be segregated into motion and shape pathways. interaction occurs at multiple stages along these pathways. processing of shape-from-motion and biological motion is considered to be a higher-order integration process involving motion and shape information. however, relatively limited types of stimuli have been used in previous studies on these integration processes. | 2017 | 28802702 |
| development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify ly-354,740 in rat and marmoset plasma. | ly-354,740 (eglumegad) is a selective and potent agonist of the metabotropic glutamate group ii receptors (mglur2,3) that has already entered clinical trials as a potential anti-psychotic agent and therefore has well-documented pharmacokinetic (pk), safety and tolerability profiles in human. whereas its development as an anti-psychotic agent has not been pursued, ly-354,740 may have potential in other neuroscience-related fields, notably anxiety and neuro-protection. the common marmoset is a sma ... | 2017 | 28802219 |
| identification of plasmodium spp. in neotropical primates of maranhense amazon in northeast brazil. | in the brazilian amazon region, malaria caused by plasmodium malariae is considered to be a zoonosis because of cross-transfer of the parasite between humans and neotropical primates. to contribute information on this issue, we investigated occurrences of natural infection with plasmodium sp. among neotropical primates in the maranhense amazon (amazon region of the state of maranhão), in the northeastern region of brazil. blood samples were collected from 161 neotropical primates of six species ... | 2017 | 28796820 |
| cortical control of object-specific grasp relies on adjustments of both activity and effective connectivity: a common marmoset study. | the cortical mechanisms of grasping have been extensively studied in macaques and humans; here, we investigated whether common marmosets could rely on similar mechanisms despite strong differences in hand morphology and grip diversity. we recorded electrocorticographic activity over the sensorimotor cortex of two common marmosets during the execution of different grip types, which allowed us to study cortical activity (power spectrum) and physiologically inferred connectivity (phase-slope index) ... | 2017 | 28791721 |
| cross-species comparison of behavioral neurodevelopmental milestones in the common marmoset monkey and human child. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is an increasingly popular non-human primate species for developing transgenic and genomic edited models of neurological disorders. these models present an opportunity to assess from birth the impact of genetic mutations and to identify candidate predictive biomarkers of early disease onset. in order to apply findings from marmosets to humans, a cross-species comparison of typical development is essential. aiming to identify similarities, differences, and ... | 2017 | 28763098 |
| progesterone hydroxylation by cytochromes p450 2c and 3a enzymes in marmoset liver microsomes. | 1. common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are potentially useful nonhuman primate models for preclinical drug metabolism studies. however, the roles of marmoset cytochrome p450 (p450) isoforms in the oxidation of endobiotic progesterone have not been fully investigated. in this study, the roles of marmoset p450 isoforms in progesterone hydroxylation were extensively determined. 2. the activities of liver microsomes from individual marmosets with respect to progesterone 21/17α- and 16α/6β-hydroxyl ... | 2017 | 28762864 |
| assessment of behavioural deficits following ischaemic stroke in the marmoset. | stroke is a common and devastating disease worldwide. over the last two decades, many therapeutic approaches to ameliorate ischaemic stroke have been promising in animal studies but failed when transferred to the clinical situation. one of the possible explanations for these failures is the widespread use of animal models of cerebral ischemia that do not mimic the pathology encountered in the clinic. accordingly, many expert committees recommended the integration of higher order species such as ... | 2017 | 28760698 |
| identification and characterization of the tyrosinase gene (tyr) and its transcript variants (tyr_1 and tyr_2) in the crab-eating macaque (macaca fascicularis). | tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that regulates melanin biosynthesis and is encoded by the tyrosinase (tyr) gene. previous studies demonstrated that mutations in tyr could lead to oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (oca1) owing to the failure of melanin formation. although a previous study found that albinism in the rhesus monkey was derived from a mutation in tyr, the identification and characterization of this gene in non-human primates has not been achieved thus far. thus, using the rapid ... | 2017 | 28756020 |
| a b cell-driven autoimmune pathway leading to pathological hallmarks of progressive multiple sclerosis in the marmoset experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. | the absence of pathological hallmarks of progressive multiple sclerosis (ms) in commonly used rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) hinders the development of adequate treatments for progressive disease. work reviewed here shows that such hallmarks are present in the eae model in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). the minimal requirement for induction of progressive ms pathology is immunization with a synthetic peptide representing residues 34-56 from human myelin ... | 2017 | 28744286 |
| non-human primates as a model for aging. | there has been, and continues to be, a dramatic shift in the human population towards older ages necessitating biomedical research aimed at better understanding the basic biology of aging and age-related diseases and facilitating new and improved therapeutic options. as it is not practical to perform the breadth of this research in humans, animal models are necessary to recapitulate the complexity of the aging environment. the mouse model is most frequently chosen for these endeavors, however, t ... | 2017 | 28729086 |
| utah optrode array customization using stereotactic brain atlases and 3-d cad modeling for optogenetic neocortical interrogation in small rodents and nonhuman primates. | as the optogenetic field expands, the need for precise targeting of neocortical circuits only grows more crucial. this work demonstrates a technique for using solidworks(®) computer-aided design (cad) and readily available stereotactic brain atlases to create a three-dimensional (3-d) model of the dorsal region of area visual cortex 4 (v4d) of the macaque monkey (macaca fascicularis) visual cortex. the 3-d cad model of the brain was used to customize an [formula: see text] utah optrode array (uo ... | 2017 | 28721358 |
| three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic analysis of quadrupedal walking in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the common marmoset has recently gained a great deal of attention as an experimental primate model for biological science and medical research. to use the common marmoset for development of novel treatments and rehabilitation for locomotor disorders, it is crucial to understand fundamental baseline characteristics of locomotion in this species. therefore, in the present study we performed kinematic and kinetic analyses of quadrupedal locomotion in this animal. a total of 14 common marmosets walk ... | 2017 | 28711711 |
| a technological framework for running and analyzing animal head turning experiments. | head turning experiments are widely used to test the cognition of both human infants and non-human animal species. monitoring head turns allows researchers to non-invasively assess attention to acoustic or visual stimuli. in the majority of head turning experiments, the head direction analyses have been accomplished manually, which is extremely labor intensive and can be affected by subjectivity or other human errors and limitations. in the current study, we introduce an open-source computer pro ... | 2017 | 28710717 |
| marmoset pulmonary cytochrome p450 2f1 oxidizes biphenyl and 7-ethoxycoumarin and hepatic human p450 substrates. | 1. a potentially useful animal model for preclinical studies is the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). in this study, using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from marmoset livers, we identified a novel cytochrome p450 (p450) 2f1 cdna with an open reading frame of 1473 bp. 2. high sequence identities of 92-94% with primate p450 2 f amino acid sequences were indicated by deduced amino acid sequences of p450 2f1 cdna. phylogenetic analysis indicates that marmoset p450 2f1 is more c ... | 2017 | 28689458 |
| effects of aging and rifampicin pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of human cytochrome p450 probes caffeine, warfarin, omeprazole, metoprolol and midazolam in common marmosets genotyped for cytochrome p450 2c19. | 1. the pharmacokinetics were investigated for human cytochrome p450 probes after single intravenous and oral administrations of 0.20 and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively, of caffeine, warfarin, omeprazole, metoprolol and midazolam to aged (10-14 years old, n = 4) or rifampicin-treated/young (3 years old, n = 3) male common marmosets all genotyped as heterozygous for a cytochrome p450 2c19 variant. 2. slopes of the plasma concentration-time curves after intravenous administration of warfarin and midazolam ... | 2017 | 28686070 |
| extra-ovarian gonadotropin negative feedback revealed by aromatase inhibition in female marmoset monkeys. | while the ovary produces the majority of estradiol (e2) in mature female primates, extra-ovarian sources contribute to e2 synthesis and action, including brain e2 regulating hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh). in ovary-intact female rodent models, aromatase inhibition (ai) induces a pcos-like hypergonadotropic hyperandrogenism due to absent e2-mediated negative feedback. in order to examine the role of extra-ovarian e2 on nonhuman primate gonadotropin regulation, the present stud ... | 2017 | 28679622 |
| hepatic expression of cytochrome p450 enzymes in non-human primate species. | cytochromes p450 (p450) largely remain to be characterized in great apes. comparative immunochemical detection of drug metabolizing forms of p450s 1a, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2j, 3a, 4a, and 4f in liver microsomes from chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons, cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, and common marmosets were carried out. | 2017 | 28664555 |
| computed tomography of the abdomen in eight clinically normal common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | the aim of this study was to provide a detailed anatomical description of the abdomen in the clinically normal common marmoset by means of computed tomography (ct). eight clinically healthy mature common marmosets ranging from 12 to 48 months and 235 to 365 g bodyweight were anesthetized and pre- and post-contrast ct examinations were performed using different ct settings in dorsal recumbency. abdominal organs were identified and visibility noted. diagnostic quality abdominal images could be obt ... | 2017 | 28653415 |
| induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons from adult common marmoset fibroblasts. | the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus; cj) is an advantageous nonhuman primate species for modeling age-related disorders, including parkinson's disease, due to their shorter life span compared to macaques. cj-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (cj-ipscs) from somatic cells are needed for in vitro disease modeling and testing regenerative medicine approaches. here we report the development of a novel cj-ipsc line derived from adult marmoset fibroblasts. the cj-ipscs showed potent pl ... | 2017 | 28635509 |
| representations of time-varying cochlear implant stimulation in auditory cortex of awake marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | electrical stimulation of the auditory periphery organ by cochlear implant (ci) generates highly synchronized inputs to the auditory system. it has long been thought such inputs would lead to highly synchronized neural firing along the ascending auditory pathway. however, neurophysiological studies with hearing animals have shown that the central auditory system progressively converts temporal representations of time-varying sounds to firing rate-based representations. it is not clear whether th ... | 2017 | 28634306 |
| the effect of infant vocalization in alloparental responsiveness of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | among mammals, alloparental care can be influenced by hormones as well as by previous experience and sensory stimuli from the infants, such as sight and sound, smell, and physical contact with the infant. to determine the responsiveness of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) nonreproductive females and males with and without previous experience in caretaking to infant sensory cues, we exposed 12 females and 12 males to vocalization recordings for 10 min under two conditions: (1) exposure to adu ... | 2017 | 28631840 |
| diffusion-weighted tractography in the common marmoset monkey at 9.4t. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small new world primate that is becoming increasingly popular in the neurosciences as an animal model of preclinical human disease. with several major disorders characterized by alterations in neural white matter (e.g., multiple sclerosis, alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia), proposed to be transgenically modeled using marmosets, the ability to isolate and characterize reliably major white matter fiber tracts with mri will be of use for evaluating st ... | 2017 | 28615334 |
| visual discrimination and reversal learning in aged common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) have been suggested as a new model for analysis of age-related changes and neurodegenerative diseases. however, the effects of age on learning and memory processes are not well defined within this species. therefore, we employed visual discrimination and reversal learning tasks to evaluate learning and memory in four aged common marmosets relative to a younger cohort. we found that aged marmosets commit significantly more errors in initial stages of visual d ... | 2017 | 28602996 |
| targeted patching and dendritic ca(2+) imaging in nonhuman primate brain in vivo. | nonhuman primates provide an important model not only for understanding human brain but also for translational research in neurological and psychiatric disorders. however, many high-resolution techniques for recording neural activity in vivo that were initially established for rodents have not been yet applied to the nonhuman primate brain. here, we introduce a combination of two-photon targeted patching and dendritic ca(2+) imaging to the neocortex of adult common marmoset, an invaluable primat ... | 2017 | 28588297 |
| an eye tracking system for monitoring face scanning patterns reveals the enhancing effect of oxytocin on eye contact in common marmosets. | eye tracking systems are used to investigate eyes position and gaze patterns presumed as eye contact in humans. eye contact is a useful biomarker of social communication and known to be deficient in patients with autism spectrum disorders (asds). interestingly, the same eye tracking systems have been used to directly compare face scanning patterns in some non-human primates to those in human. thus, eye tracking is expected to be a useful translational technique for investigating not only social ... | 2017 | 28586711 |
| experimental models of autoimmune demyelinating diseases in nonhuman primates. | human idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (iidd) are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune inflammatory and demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (cns). these include multiple sclerosis (ms), the most common chronic iidd, but also rarer disorders such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem) and neuromyelitis optica (nmo). great efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of ms, leading to the development of a few effective treatments. nonetheless, iid ... | 2017 | 28583039 |
| relationship between immunoglobulin deposition and early lesions of progressive glomerulonephropathy in young common marmosets. | the authors previously investigated progressive glomerulonephropathy in 2- to 11-year-old common marmosets and characterized age-related changes of the renal glomeruli and development of tubulointerstitial lesions. in this study, immunoglobulin deposition and ultrastructural changes of the glomeruli were investigated in 5 young marmosets from 6 months to 3 years of age with pre-onset or early glomerulonephropathy. in all animals, the foot processes of podocytes were effaced, and igm was deposite ... | 2017 | 28578628 |
| 3d reconstruction of brain section images for creating axonal projection maps in marmosets. | the brain of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is becoming a popular non-human primate model in neuroscience research. because its brain fiber connectivity is still poorly understood, it is necessary to collect and present connection and trajectory data using tracers to establish a marmoset brain connectivity database. | 2017 | 28577985 |
| faecal transplantation for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection in a marmoset. | the common marmoset has been used as an experimental animal for various purposes. because its average weight ranges from 250 to 500 g, weight loss quickly becomes critical for sick animals. therefore, effective and non-stressful treatment for chronic diseases, including diarrhoea, is essential. | 2017 | 28569200 |
| vocal learning via social reinforcement by infant marmoset monkeys. | for over half a century now, primate vocalizations have been thought to undergo little or no experience-dependent acoustic changes during development [1]. if any changes are apparent, then they are routinely (and quite reasonably) attributed to the passive consequences of growth. indeed, previous experiments on squirrel monkeys and macaque monkeys showed that social isolation [2, 3], deafness [2], cross-fostering [4] and parental absence [5] have little or no effect on vocal development. here, w ... | 2017 | 28552359 |
| hunger enhances consistent economic choices in non-human primates. | hunger and thirst are fundamental biological processes that drive consumption behavior in humans and non-human animals. while the existing literature in neuroscience suggests that these satiety states change how consumable rewards are represented in the brain, it remains unclear as to how they change animal choice behavior and the underlying economic preferences. here, i used combined techniques from experimental economics, psychology, and neuroscience to measure food preferences of marmoset mon ... | 2017 | 28539584 |
| altered detrusor contractility in mptp-treated common marmosets with bladder hyperreflexia. | bladder hyperreflexia is a common non-motor feature of parkinson's disease. we now report on the contractility of the isolated primate detrusor strips devoid of nerve input and show that following mptp, the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contraction was increased. these responses were unaffected by dopamine d1 and d2 receptor agonists a77636 and ropinirole respectively. contractions by exogenous carbachol, histamine or atp were similar and no differences in the magnitude of noradrenaline ... | 2017 | 28520722 |
| oxidative injury and iron redistribution are pathological hallmarks of marmoset experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | oxidative damage and iron redistribution are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis (ms), but these aspects are not entirely replicated in rodent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) models. here, we report that oxidative burst and injury as well as redistribution of iron are hallmarks of the ms-like pathology in the eae model in the common marmoset. active lesions in the marmoset eae brain display increased expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleoti ... | 2017 | 28505283 |
| a geometrically adjustable receive array for imaging marmoset cohorts. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is an increasingly popular animal model for translational neuroscience studies, during which anatomical and functional mri can be useful investigative tools. to attain the requisite snr for high-resolution acquisitions, the radiofrequency coil must be optimized for the marmoset; however, relatively few custom coils have been developed that maximize snr and are compatible with accelerated acquisitions. for the study of large populations of animals, the het ... | 2017 | 28499849 |
| regio- and stereo-selective oxidation of a cardiovascular drug, metoprolol, mediated by cytochrome p450 2d and 3a enzymes in marmoset livers. | a β-blocker, metoprolol, is one of the in vivo probes for human cytochrome p450 (p450) 2d6. investigation of nonhuman primate p450 enzymes helps to improve the accuracy of the extrapolation of pharmacokinetic data from animals into humans. common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are a potential primate model for preclinical research, but the detailed roles of marmoset p450 enzymes in metoprolol oxidation remain unknown. in this study, regio- and stereo-selectivity of metoprolol oxidations by a var ... | 2017 | 28495902 |
| non-human primate orthologues of tmprss2 cleave and activate the influenza virus hemagglutinin. | the cellular serine protease tmprss2, a member of the type ii transmembrane serine protease (ttsp) family, cleaves and activates the hemagglutinin of influenza a viruses (fluav) in cell culture and is essential for spread of diverse fluav in mice. non-human primates (nhp), in particular rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, serve as animal models for influenza and experimental fluav infection of common marmosets has recently also been reported. however, it is currently unknown whether the nhp ortholog ... | 2017 | 28493964 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of marmoset aldehyde oxidase. | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), new world monkeys, are a promising primate model for preclinical drug metabolism studies because of the similarities of cytochrome p450 (p450) enzyme function to those of humans. despite an increasing number of drug candidates catalyzed by non-p450 enzymes, drug metabolizing enzymes other than p450s have been hardly identified or characterized in marmosets. in this study, we identified aldehyde oxidase (aox) 1 gene by marmoset genome analysis. aox1 cdna was ... | 2017 | 28487309 |
| muscle architectural properties in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, is a small new world monkey that has recently gained attention as an important experimental animal model in the field of neuroscience as well in rehabilitative and regenerative medicine. this attention reflects the closer phylogenetic relationship between humans and common marmosets compared to that between humans and other experimental animals. when studying the neuronal mechanism behind various types of neurological motor disorders using the common marm ... | 2017 | 28484857 |
| functional characterization and tissue expression of marmoset cytochrome p450 2e1. | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) have attracted increasing attention as a useful small non-human primate model in preclinical research. however, studies on marmoset cytochrome p450 (p450) 2e enzyme have scarcely been conducted. in this study, the full-length cdna encoding p450 2e1 enzyme was isolated from marmoset livers by reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr). marmoset p450 2e1 amino acid sequences were highly identical (>88%) to those of cynomolgus monkey and human p ... | 2017 | 28474789 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in non-human primates. | due to a sporadic occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in non-human primates (nhp), the susceptibility of different nhp to map should be investigated. | 2017 | 28444886 |
| trialling nutrient recommendations for slow lorises (nycticebus spp.) based on wild feeding ecology. | slow loris (nycticebus spp.) captive diets have been based on routine and anecdotes rather than scientific fact. the growing body of evidence contradicts the high fruit diet supported by such anecdotes. non-human primate nutrient requirements are grouped into new (based on the common marmoset callithrix jacchus) or old world (based on rhesus macaques macaca mulatta) primates. slow lorises are known to suffer from many health ailments in captivity such as dental disease, obesity, wasting and kidn ... | 2017 | 28444791 |
| terfenadine t-butyl hydroxylation catalyzed by human and marmoset cytochrome p450 3a and 4f enzymes in livers and small intestines. | 1. roles of human cytochrome p450 (p450) 3a4 in oxidation of an antihistaminic drug terfenadine have been previously investigated in association with terfenadine-ketoconazole interaction. several antihistamine drugs have been recently identified as substrates for multiple p450 enzymes. in this study, overall roles of p450 3a4, 2j2, and 4f12 enzymes in terfenadine t-butyl hydroxylation were investigated in small intestines and livers from humans, marmosets, and/or cynomolgus monkeys. 2. human liv ... | 2017 | 28436281 |
| common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) as a primate model for behavioral neuroscience studies. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has been proposed as a suitable bridge between rodents and larger primates. they have been used in several types of research including auditory, vocal, visual, pharmacological and genetics studies. however, marmosets have not been used as much for behavioral studies. | 2017 | 28400103 |
| audience affects decision-making in a marmoset communication network. | an audience can have a profound effect on the dynamics of communicative interactions. as a result, non-human primates often adjust their social decision-making strategies depending on the audience composition at a given time. here we sought to test how the unique vocal behaviour of multiple audience members affected decisions to communicate. to address this issue, we developed a novel experimental paradigm in which common marmosets directly interacted with multiple 'virtual monkeys' (vms), each ... | 2017 | 28100720 |
| effects of the 5-ht1a receptor agonists buspirone and 8-oh-dpat on pupil size in common marmosets. | as pupil size is affected by psychotropic drugs in all mammals, it has been used as a well-established clinical indicator for the preclinical and clinical development of novel drugs. it has been reported that activation of the serotonin (5-ht)1a receptor differently affects pupil response in rodents (mydriasis) and humans (miosis). thus, it is important to establish a quantitative system for measuring pupil size using other species, such as nonhuman primates. common marmosets have recently attra ... | 2017 | 27922541 |
| oxidation of r- and s-omeprazole stereoselectively mediated by liver microsomal cytochrome p450 2c19 enzymes from cynomolgus monkeys and common marmosets. | racemic omeprazole has been used for clinically treating gastric acid-related diseases and also as a typical human cytochrome p450 (p450) 2c19 probe substrate in preclinical studies. s-omeprazole has been developed as a single enantiomer medicine, which has been reported not to be associated with polymorphic human p450 2c19 phenotypes. in this study, 5-hydroxylation and sulfoxidation activities, with respect to stereoselective r- and s-omeprazole oxidations by liver microsomes from experimental ... | 2016 | 27641812 |
| differences in toxicological and pharmacological responses mediated by polymorphic cytochromes p450 and related drug-metabolizing enzymes. | research over the past 30 years has elucidated the roles of polymorphic human liver cytochrome p450 (p450) enzymes associated with toxicological and/or pharmacological actions. thalidomide exerts its various pharmacological and toxic actions in primates through multiple mechanisms, including nonspecific modification of many protein networks after bioactivation by autoinduced human p450 enzymes. to overcome species differences between rodents, currently, nonhuman primates and/or mouse models with ... | 2017 | 27750412 |
| a sexually dimorphic area of the dorsal hypothalamus in mice and common marmosets. | we found a novel sexually dimorphic area (sda) in the dorsal hypothalamus (dh) of mice. the sda-dh was sandwiched between 2 known male-biased sexually dimorphic nuclei, the principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the calbindin-sexually dimorphic nucleus, and exhibited a female-biased sex difference in neuronal cell density. the density of neurons in the sda-dh was increased in male mice by orchidectomy on the day of birth and decreased in female mice by treatment with te ... | 2016 | 27726418 |
| oral r-(-)-11-o-valeryl-n-n-propylnoraporphine reverses motor deficits in mptp-treated marmosets. | the d1/d2 dopamine agonist apomorphine has poor oral bioavailability, necessitating subcutaneous administration in the treatment of parkinson's disease (pd). acute subcutaneous injection is used as rescue therapy from "off" periods, whereas continuous subcutaneous infusion is used to increase "on" periods and to reduce dyskinesia when oral treatment fails. an orally active derivative of apomorphine would avoid the need for parenteral administration. we now describe the effects of the orally acti ... | 2016 | 27133947 |
| edaravone is a free radical scavenger that protects against laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice and common marmosets. | choroidal neovascularization (cnv) is a main characteristic in exudative type of age-related macular degeneration (amd). our study aimed to evaluate the effects of edaravone, a free radical scavenger on laser-induced cnv. cnv was induced by laser photocoagulation to the subretinal choroidal area of mice and common marmosets. edaravone was administered either intraperitoneally twice a day for 2 weeks or intravenously just once after laser photocoagulation. the effects of edaravone on laser-induce ... | 2016 | 27018216 |
| human plasma concentrations of cytochrome p450 probe cocktails extrapolated from pharmacokinetics in mice transplanted with human hepatocytes and from pharmacokinetics in common marmosets using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. | 1. the pharmacokinetic data of cytochrome p450 probes in humans can be extrapolated from corresponding data in cynomolgus monkeys, dogs and minipigs using simplified physiologically based pharmacokinetic (pbpk) modeling. in this study, the modeling methodology was further adapted to estimate human plasma concentrations of p450 probes based on data from mice transplanted with human hepatocytes or based on data from marmosets. 2. using known species allometric scaling factors, the observed plasma ... | 2016 | 26916082 |
| flibanserin-stimulated partner grooming reflects brain metabolism changes in female marmosets. | female sexual interest and arousal disorder is personally distressing for women. to better understand the mechanism of the candidate therapeutic, flibanserin, we determined its effects on an index of brain glucose metabolism. | 2015 | 26635207 |
| mismatch negativity in common marmosets: whole-cortical recordings with multi-channel electrocorticograms. | mismatch negativity (mmn) is a component of event-related potentials (erps) evoked by violations of regularity in sensory stimulus-series in humans. recently, the mmn has received attention as a clinical and translatable biomarker of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, and for the development animal models of these psychiatric disorders. in this study, we investigated the generation of mmn in common marmosets, which are an important non-human primate model with genetic manipulability. w ... | 2015 | 26456147 |
| behavioral and neurophysiological effects of ro 10-5824, a dopamine d4 receptor partial agonist, in common marmosets. | growing evidence suggests that dopamine d4 receptors (d4rs) are involved in controlling executive functions. we have previously demonstrated that ro 10-5824, a d4r partial agonist, improves the performance of common marmosets in the object retrieval detour (ord) task. however, the neural mechanisms underlying this improvement are unknown. | 2015 | 26041337 |
| opposite effects of male and female helpers on social tolerance and proactive prosociality in callitrichid family groups. | across a broad variety of primate species (including lemurs, new world monkeys, old world monkeys, and apes), proactive prosociality and social tolerance are linked to allomaternal care, reaching the highest levels in the cooperatively breeding callitrichid monkeys and humans. however, considerable variation exists within callitrichids, and the aim of this study was to identify factors that explain this variation. male and female callitrichids pursue different reproductive strategies, leading ma ... | 2015 | 25881136 |
| transposition and its generalization in common marmosets. | whether animals use relational cues in transposition tests has long been considered a controversial issue. in the present study, we examined whether common marmosets could generalize relational responses to untrained stimulus pairs and further apply these generalizations to unknown shapes. the subjects were trained to perform simple discrimination tasks using a pair of stimuli. the stimuli differed in size, and the subjects were required to select the larger or smaller of the 2 sizes, depending ... | 2014 | 25545979 |
| characterization of major histocompatibility complex class i allele polymorphisms in common marmosets. | currently, little information is available for major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-i that conditions the t-cell response of marmosets. in this study, 471 clones of mhc-i cdna sequences were isolated from 12 marmosets. twenty full-length sequences of class i g (caja-g) alleles were obtained from these marmosets, 15 of them were novel. among these 20 caja-g alleles, 10 were found in individual animals while the rests were in two to four marmosets, but none was common to all animals. ten marmose ... | 2014 | 25355647 |
| individual variability in visual discrimination and reversal learning performance in common marmosets. | detailed information about the characteristics of learning behavior in marmosets is useful for future marmoset research. we trained 42 marmosets in visual discrimination and reversal learning. all marmosets could learn visual discrimination, and all but one could complete reversal learning, though some marmosets failed to touch the visual stimuli and were screened out. in 87% of measurements, the final percentage of correct responses was over 95%. we quantified performance with two measures: ons ... | 2015 | 25315397 |
| video demonstrations seed alternative problem-solving techniques in wild common marmosets. | studies of social learning and tradition formation under field conditions have recently gained momentum, but suffer from the limited control of socio-ecological factors thought to be responsible for transmission patterns. the use of artificial visual stimuli is a potentially powerful tool to overcome some of these problems. here, in a field experiment, we used video images of unfamiliar conspecifics performing virtual demonstrations of foraging techniques. we tested 12 family groups of wild comm ... | 2014 | 25187646 |
| aquaporin 4-dependent expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and tenascin-c in activated astrocytes in stab wound mouse brain and in primary culture. | we previously reported that aquaporin 4 (aqp4) has a neuroimmunological function via astrocytes and microglial cells involving osteopontin. aqp4 is a water channel localized in the endofoot of astrocytes in the brain, and its expression is upregulated after a stab wound to the mouse brain or the injection of methylmercury in common marmosets. in this study, the correlation between the expression of aqp4 and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) or tenascin-c (tn-c) in reactive ... | 2015 | 25174305 |
| effects of lurasidone on ketamine-induced joint visual attention dysfunction as a possible disease model of autism spectrum disorders in common marmosets. | infants with autism have difficulties performing joint visual attention (jva), defined as following another person's pointing gesture and gaze. some non-human primates (nhps) can also perform jva. most preclinical research on autism spectrum disorders (asd) has used rodents as animal models of this social interaction disorder. however, models using rodents fail to capture the complexity of social interactions that are disrupted in asd. therefore, jva impairment in nhps might be a more useful mod ... | 2014 | 25169254 |
| increased meningeal t and plasma cell infiltration is associated with early subpial cortical demyelination in common marmosets with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | subpial cortical demyelination (scd) accounts for the greatest proportion of demyelinated cortex in multiple sclerosis (ms). scd is already found in biopsy cases with early ms and in marmosets with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), but the pathogenesis of scd is not well understood. the objective of this study was to investigate whether and, if so, which meningeal inflammatory cells were associated with early scd in marmosets with eae. immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze ... | 2015 | 25041171 |
| potential of a smartphone as a stress-free sensor of daily human behaviour. | behaviour is one of the most powerful objective signals that connotes psychological functions regulated by neuronal network systems. this study searched for simple behaviours using smartphone sensors with three axes for measuring acceleration, angular speed and direction. we used quantitative analytic methodology of pattern recognition for work contexts, individual workers and seasonal effects in our own longitudinally recorded data. our 13 laboratory members were involved in the care of common ... | 2015 | 24933187 |
| marmoset monkeys evaluate third-party reciprocity. | many non-human primates have been observed to reciprocate and to understand reciprocity in one-to-one social exchanges. a recent study demonstrated that capuchin monkeys are sensitive to both third-party reciprocity and violation of reciprocity; however, whether this sensitivity is a function of general intelligence, evidenced by their larger brain size relative to other primates, remains unclear. we hypothesized that highly pro-social primates, even with a relatively smaller brain, would be sen ... | 2014 | 24850892 |
| gsk356278, a potent, selective, brain-penetrant phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that demonstrates anxiolytic and cognition-enhancing effects without inducing side effects in preclinical species. | small molecule phosphodiesterase (pde) 4 inhibitors have long been known to show therapeutic benefit in various preclinical models of psychiatric and neurologic diseases because of their ability to elevate camp in various cell types of the central nervous system. despite the registration of the first pde4 inhibitor, roflumilast, for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the therapeutic potential of pde4 inhibitors in neurologic diseases has never been fulfilled in the clinic du ... | 2014 | 24784567 |
| cd20+ b cell depletion alters t cell homing. | depleting mabs against the pan b cell marker cd20 are remarkably effective in the treatment of autoimmune-mediated inflammatory disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. the primary objective of this study was to find a mechanistic explanation for the remarkable clinical effect of the anti-cd20 mabs in a representative nonhuman primate autoimmune-mediated inflammatory disorder model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in common marmosets, allowing detailed analysi ... | 2014 | 24696233 |
| adenosine a₂a-receptor antagonist istradefylline enhances the motor response of l-dopa without worsening dyskinesia in mptp-treated common marmosets. | the adenosine a₂a-receptor antagonist istradefylline decreases off time in patients with parkinson's disease who are already treated with optimal doses of dopaminergic medication but can cause an increase in non-troublesome dyskinesia. preclinical experiments have shown that a₂a antagonists are most effective in potentiating motor function when combined with sub-maximal doses of l-dopa. however, the effects of combining istradefylline with sub-optimal l-dopa treatment on established dyskinesia h ... | 2014 | 24681641 |
| auditory artificial grammar learning in macaque and marmoset monkeys. | artificial grammars (ag) are designed to emulate aspects of the structure of language, and ag learning (agl) paradigms can be used to study the extent of nonhuman animals' structure-learning capabilities. however, different ag structures have been used with nonhuman animals and are difficult to compare across studies and species. we developed a simple quantitative parameter space, which we used to summarize previous nonhuman animal agl results. this was used to highlight an under-studied ag with ... | 2013 | 24285889 |
| characterization of circulating natural killer cells in neotropical primates. | despite extensive use of nonhuman primates as models for infectious diseases and reproductive biology, imprecise phenotypic and functional definitions exist for natural killer (nk) cells. this deficit is particularly significant in the burgeoning use of small, less expensive new world primate species. using polychromatic flow cytometry, we identified peripheral blood nk cells as cd3-negative and expressing a cluster of cell surface molecules characteristic of nk cells (i.e., nkg2a, nkp46, nkp30) ... | 2013 | 24244365 |
| cholinergic manipulation of motor disability and l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated common marmosets. | anti-cholinergic drugs are used in the treatment of parkinson’s disease (pd) and they can improve motor disability in some patients and may alter the expression of dyskinesia. we report the effects of anticholinergic and pro-cholinergic agents administered alone and combined with l-dopa, on motor function in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated common marmosets. administration of atropine to mptp-treated marmosets, not previously exposed to l-dopa, improved motor disabilit ... | 2014 | 23959162 |
| lack of secondary pathology in the thalamus after focal cerebral ischemia in nonhuman primates. | remote regions such as the thalamus undergo secondary degeneration after cerebral ischemia. in rodents, the pathology in the thalamus is characterized by a robust inflammatory reaction, β-amyloid (aβ) accumulation and calcification. here we studied whether nonhuman primates subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao) display a similar pathology. common marmosets (n=4) were subjected to transient mcao for 3 h. two sham-operated animals served as controls. all animals underwent mri examin ... | 2013 | 23810737 |
| socially adjusted synchrony in the activity profiles of common marmosets in light-dark conditions. | synchronized state of activity and rest might be attained by mechanisms of entrainment and masking. most zeitgebers not only act to entrain but also to mask circadian rhythms. although the light-dark (ld) cycle is the main zeitgeber of circadian rhythms in marmosets, social cues can act as weaker zeitgebers. evidence on the effects of social entrainment in marmosets has been collected in isolated animals or in pairs where activity is not individually recorded. to characterize the synchronization ... | 2013 | 23767997 |
| effects of a dopamine d1 agonist on ketamine-induced spatial working memory dysfunction in common marmosets. | it is considered that functional deficiency of the nmda receptors in the prefrontal cortex (pfc) is one of the causes of the cognitive impairment observed in schizophrenia. as non-human primates display more developed pfc than rodents, they are considered to be useful experimental animals for improving the predictive validity of models used to discover new drugs for treating cognitive dysfunction. the aim of this study was to develop a convenient model of the cognitive impairment observed in sch ... | 2013 | 23608483 |
| a new non-human primate model of photochemically induced cerebral infarction. | rat models of photochemically induced cerebral infarction have been readily studied, but to date there are no reports of transcranial photochemically induced infarctions in the marmoset. in this report, we used this non-human primate as a model of cerebral thrombosis and observed the recovery process. | 2013 | 23527298 |
| effects of lurasidone on executive function in common marmosets. | cognitive impairment is one of the major symptoms of schizophrenia, and is considered largely due to dysfunctions in the prefrontal cortex (pfc). lurasidone, a novel atypical antipsychotic agent with high binding affinity for dopamine d2, serotonin 5-ht7, 5-ht2a and 5-ht1a receptors has been reported to have superior efficacy in rodents' models of cognitive impairment. however, the beneficial effect of lurasidone on cognitive impairment has not been evaluated in non-human primates. in this study ... | 2013 | 23454675 |
| high-performance metabolic profiling with dual chromatography-fourier-transform mass spectrometry (dc-ftms) for study of the exposome. | studies of gene-environment (g × e) interactions require effective characterization of all environmental exposures from conception to death, termed the exposome. the exposome includes environmental exposures that impact health. improved metabolic profiling methods are needed to characterize these exposures for use in personalized medicine. in the present study, we compared the analytic capability of dual chromatography-fourier-transform mass spectrometry (dc-ftms) to previously used liquid chrom ... | 2013 | 26229523 |
| involvement of the autonomic nervous system in diurnal variation of corrected qt intervals in common marmosets. | our previous study has shown that the corrected qt (qtc) interval of the electrocardiogram is longer during the dark period than during the light period in telemetered common marmosets. in the present study, we investigated the involvement of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activities in the changes of qtc interval associated with the light-dark cycle.telemetry transmitters were implanted in six common marmosets to continuously record the electrocardiogram. the qt intervals obtained were ... | 2013 | 23363785 |
| strength of hand preference and dual task performance by common marmosets. | study of avian and piscine species has shown that animals with stronger lateralization of the brain are able to perform two tasks presented simultaneously better than can animals with weaker lateralization. we investigated whether this might apply also to primates by testing common marmosets to see whether there is a relationship between the strength of hand preference, as an indicator of strength of brain lateralization, and the ability to carry out two tasks simultaneously. a model predator wa ... | 2013 | 23053795 |
| conditions for quantitative evaluation of injured spinal cord by in vivo diffusion tensor imaging and tractography: preclinical longitudinal study in common marmosets. | conventional magnetic resonance imaging (mri) can detect hemorrhage, edema, syrinx, and spinal cord atrophy, but not axonal disruption after spinal cord injury (sci). we previously demonstrated that diffusion tensor tractography (dtt) could depict axonal disruption after hemisection sci in common marmosets. in the present study, to determine the relationship between dtt results and functional recovery after contusive sci, we performed longitudinal dtt, behavioral, and histological analyses befor ... | 2012 | 22922169 |
| evaluation of dopamine d₂/d₃ and serotonin 5-ht₂a receptor occupancy for a novel antipsychotic, lurasidone, in conscious common marmosets using small-animal positron emission tomography. | lurasidone is a novel antipsychotic drug with potent binding affinity for dopamine d(2) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-ht)(2a), 5-ht(7), and 5-ht(1a) receptors. previous pharmacological studies have revealed that lurasidone exhibits a preferable profile (potent antipsychotic activity and lower incidence of catalepsy) to other antipsychotic drugs, although the contribution of receptor subtypes to this profile remains unclear. | 2013 | 22868411 |
| diffusion tensor imaging and tractography of the spinal cord: from experimental studies to clinical application. | diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging provides detailed information about biological structures. in particular, diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion tensor tractography (dtt) are powerful tools for evaluating white matter fibers in the central nervous system. we previously established a reproducible spinal cord injury model in adult common marmosets and showed that dtt could be used to trace the neural tracts in the intact and injured spinal cord of these animals in vivo. recently, man ... | 2013 | 22868199 |
| evolution of hla-drb genes. | the hla region shows diversity concerning the number and content of drb genes present per haplotype. similar observations are made for the equivalent regions in other primate species. to elucidate the evolutionary history of the various hla-drb genes, a large panel of intron sequences obtained from humans, chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and common marmosets has been subjected to phylogenetic analyses. special attention was paid to the presence and absence of particular transposable elements and/o ... | 2012 | 22826457 |
| linkage between the midline cortical serotonergic system and social behavior traits: positron emission tomography studies of common marmosets. | serotonin is known to play an important role not only in regulating emotional behaviors, but also in the formation of social behavior traits. to determine the location and serotonin function of brain areas involved in social behavior traits, we tested serotonin transporter (sert) binding and neural activity linked with the social behaviors of common marmosets with positron emission tomography using [(11)c]-3-amino-4-(2-dimetylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile and [(18)f]fluorodeoxyglucose ... | 2013 | 22791806 |
| a major metabolite of bupropion reverses motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated common marmosets. | the atypical antidepressant, bupropion, causes a partial reversal of motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated primates. however, its monoamine uptake blocking actions are believed to be mediated by the major metabolites, racemic (-)-(2r,3r)-2-(3-chlorophenyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-morphinol) (r,r-hydroxybupropion) and (+)-(2s,3s)-2-(3-chlorophenyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-morphinol) (s,s-hydroxybupropion). therefore, we have evaluated the ability of enantiomers to improve locom ... | 2011 | 21522056 |
| conditioned sexual arousal in a nonhuman primate. | conditioning of sexual arousal has been demonstrated in several species from fish to humans but has not been demonstrated in nonhuman primates. controversy exists over whether nonhuman primates produce pheromones that arouse sexual behavior. although common marmosets copulate throughout the ovarian cycle and during pregnancy, males exhibit behavioral signs of arousal, demonstrate increased neural activation of anterior hypothalamus and medial preoptic area, and have an increase in serum testoste ... | 2011 | 21029736 |
| the partial dopamine agonist pardoprunox (slv308) administered in combination with l-dopa improves efficacy and decreases dyskinesia in mptp treated common marmosets. | dopamine agonist treatment in early parkinson's disease (pd) induces less dyskinesia than l-dopa. however, once dyskinesia has developed, dopamine agonists administered with l-dopa exacerbate involuntary movements. the dopamine partial d2/d3 agonist pardoprunox reverses motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (mptp)-treated primates without hyperactivity, indicating that pardoprunox may alleviate dyskinesia without compromising l-dopa's beneficial actions. th ... | 2010 | 20843474 |
| pardoprunox reverses motor deficits but induces only mild dyskinesia in mptp-treated common marmosets. | long-acting full dopamine d(2) agonists produce less dyskinesia in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated primates and in parkinson's disease than effective antiparkinsonian doses of levodopa. they do not however, prevent priming for dyskinesia expression on subsequent levodopa exposure. in contrast, the effects of partial d(2) receptor agonists on dyskinesia are unclear. we now examine the ability of the partial d(2) agonist pardoprunox (slv308) to improve motor function an ... | 2010 | 20721904 |
| synthetic studies on selective adenosine a2a receptor antagonists. part ii: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel benzofuran derivatives. | based on the previously reported lead compound, a series of benzofuran derivatives were prepared to study their antagonistic activities to a(2a) receptor. the replacement of the phenyl group at the 4-position with a heterocyclic ring improved the pk profile and aqueous solubility. from these studies, we discovered a potent new a(2a) antagonist, 12a, which has both a good oral bioavailability and in vivo efficacy on motor disability in mptp-treated common marmosets. | 2010 | 20483600 |
| pramipexole combined with levodopa improves motor function but reduces dyskinesia in mptp-treated common marmosets. | reduced expression of dyskinesia is observed in levodopa-primed mptp-treated common marmosets when dopamine agonists are used to replace levodopa. we now investigate whether a combination of the d-2/d-3 agonist pramipexole and levodopa also reduces dyskinesia intensity while maintaining the reversal of motor disability. drug naïve, non-dyskinetic mptp-treated common marmosets were treated daily for up to 62 days with levodopa (12.5 mg/kg plus carbidopa 12.5 mg/kg p.o. bid) or pramipexole (0.04-0 ... | 2010 | 20108359 |
| continuous rotigotine administration reduces dyskinesia resulting from pulsatile treatment with rotigotine or l-dopa in mptp-treated common marmosets. | we previously showed that continuous infusion of rotigotine resulted in less dyskinesia than repeated pulsatile rotigotine administration or repeated oral administration of l-dopa in mptp-treated marmosets. now we investigate whether continuous rotigotine delivery modifies established dyskinesia induced by prior exposure to repeated pulsatile administration of l-dopa or rotigotine in mptp-treated common marmosets. repeated oral administration of l-dopa or subcutaneous bolus administration of rot ... | 2010 | 19833125 |
| cooperatively breeding cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus) do not donate rewards to their long-term mates. | this study tested the hypothesis that cooperative breeding facilitates the emergence of prosocial behavior by presenting cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus) with the option to provide food rewards to pair-bonded mates. in experiment 1, tamarins could provide rewards to mates at no additional cost while obtaining rewards for themselves. contrary to the hypothesis, tamarins did not demonstrate a preference to donate rewards, behaving similar to chimpanzees in previous studies. in experiment 2, t ... | 2009 | 19685964 |
| antiphonal call timing in marmosets is behaviorally significant: interactive playback experiments. | studies of primate vocal communication systems have generally focused on vocalizations and the information they convey to conspecifics. but the vocalizations are not the only sources of information. aspects of each species vocal behaviors are likely to be communicatively rich as well. during vocal interactions, for example, the latency delay between the calls could communicate an important message to the signal receiver, such as an interest and willingness to socialize. here we employed novel, i ... | 2009 | 19597736 |
| social learning and mother's behavior in manipulative tasks in infant marmosets. | high levels of social tolerance are considered to promote social learning, as they allow direct observation of a manipulating conspecific and facilitate scrounging. owing to tolerance toward infants, infancy is thought to be especially suited for learning socially transmitted behaviors. despite this, few studies have investigated social learning of infants, particularly in manipulative tasks where observation might be most helpful. here, we investigated (1) the influence of social learning on ta ... | 2009 | 19319974 |
| prediction of drug-induced qt interval prolongation in telemetered common marmosets. | drug-induced qt interval prolongation is a critical issue in development of new chemical entities, so the pharmaceutical industry needs to evaluate risk as early as possible. common marmosets have been in the limelight in early-stage development due to their small size, which requires only a small amount of test drug. the purpose of this study was to determine the utility of telemetered common marmosets for predicting drug-induced qt interval prolongation. telemetry transmitters were implanted i ... | 2008 | 18670163 |
| a novel adenosine a(1) and a(2a) receptor antagonist asp5854 ameliorates motor impairment in mptp-treated marmosets: comparison with existing anti-parkinson's disease drugs. | recent evidence indicates that adenosine a(2a) receptor antagonists hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of parkinson's disease (pd). a study on the novel adenosine a(1) and a(2a) receptor dual antagonist 5-[5-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]-1-isopropylpyridine-2(1h)-one (asp5854) showed it to be effective in various rodents models of pd and cognition. in the present study, we further investigated the potential of asp5854 as an anti-pd drug using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydr ... | 2008 | 18657577 |
| comparative analysis of monoamine oxidase intronic polymorphisms in primates. | monoamine oxidases (maos) are involved in the degradation of various biogenic amines such as dopamine and serotonin. two isozymic genes, maoa and maob, have been identified, both of which are located on the x chromosome. in humans, intron 2 of both maos contains dinucleotide repeats, main2 and mbin2, that have been suggested as candidate genes for mood disorders and parkinson's disease. in this study, we surveyed the corresponding regions in nonhuman primates. the main2 and mbin2 regions were am ... | 2008 | 18495383 |
| continuous delivery of ropinirole reverses motor deficits without dyskinesia induction in mptp-treated common marmosets. | l-dopa treatment of parkinson's disease induces a high incidence of motor complications, notably dyskinesia. longer acting dopamine agonists, e.g. ropinirole, are thought to produce more continuous dopaminergic stimulation and less severe dyskinesia. however, standard oral administration of dopamine agonists does not result in constant plasma drug levels, therefore, more continuous drug delivery may result in both prolonged reversal of motor deficits and reduced levels of dyskinesia. therefore, ... | 2008 | 18321484 |
| in vivo tracing of neural tracts in the intact and injured spinal cord of marmosets by diffusion tensor tractography. | in spinal cord injury, axonal disruption results in motor and sensory function impairment. the evaluation of axonal fibers is essential to assess the severity of injury and efficacy of any treatment protocol, but conventional methods such as tracer injection in brain parenchyma are highly invasive and require histological evaluation, precluding clinical applications. previous advances in magnetic resonance imaging technology have led to the development of diffusion tensor tractography (dtt) as a ... | 2007 | 17978040 |