| melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 in zebrafish provoking higher interferon-promoter activity through signalling enhancing of its shorter splicing variant. | melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) is one of the three members in the retinoic acid-inducible gene i-like receptor (rlr) family, which are cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptors recognizing intracellular viruses. in the present study, mda5 and its spliced shorter forms, named as mda5a and mda5b, were identified in zebrafish. mda5a and mda5b can be up-regulated in cell lines following the infection of a negative ssrna virus, the spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv), and an intr ... | 0 | 24116956 |
| predictive factors of radiological progression after 2 years of remission-steered treatment in early arthritis patients: a post hoc analysis of the improved study. | to identify predictive factors of radiological progression in early arthritis patients treated by remission-steered treatment. | 2016 | 26925251 |
| effects of the lipid regulating drug clofibric acid on pparα-regulated gene transcript levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio) at pharmacological and environmental exposure levels. | in mammals, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα) plays a key role in regulating various genes involved in lipid metabolism, bile acid synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis, and is activated by a diverse group of compounds collectively termed peroxisome proliferators (pps). specific pps have been detected in the aquatic environment; however little is known on their pharmacological activity in fish. we investigated the bioavailability and persistence of the human pparα ligand c ... | 2015 | 25749508 |
| antibodies specific for carbamylated proteins precede the onset of clinical symptoms in mice with collagen induced arthritis. | the immune response to post-translationally modified antigens is a key characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. carbamylation is such a posttranslational modification. recently, we demonstrated that autoantibodies recognizing carbamylated proteins are present in sera of rheumatoid arthritis. the molecular mechanisms underlying the break of tolerance and hence the induction of anti-carp antibody responses are unknown as well as their appearance in mouse models for systemic arthritis. therefore we ... | 2014 | 25025869 |
| identification of distant agouti-like sequences and re-evaluation of the evolutionary history of the agouti-related peptide (agrp). | the agouti-like peptides including agrp, asip and the teleost-specific a2 (asip2 and agrp2) peptides have potent and diverse functional roles in feeding, pigmentation and background adaptation mechanisms. there are contradictory theories about the evolution of the agouti-like peptide family as well the nomenclature. here we performed comprehensive mining and annotation of vertebrate agouti-like sequences. we identified a2 sequences from salmon, trout, seabass, cod, cichlid, tilapia, gilt-headed ... | 2012 | 22815886 |
| effects of subchronic exposure to n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide on selected biomarkers in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | deet (n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide) is the most common active ingredient in the insect repellents commonly detected in european groundwater. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subchronic deet exposure on biochemical and haematological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione s-transferase, and the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). two specific pro ... | 2014 | 24795897 |
| transcriptome analysis of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) by paired-end rna sequencing. | the silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is among the most intensively pond-cultured fish species and is used in the wild to counteract water bloom in china. however, little genomic information is available for this species, especially regarding its ability to grow rapidly in water, even water contaminated with high concentrations of poisonous microcystin. in this study, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of the 17.10 million short-read sequences produced by the illumi ... | 2012 | 22279088 |
| therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional chinese medicine: an ethnopharmacological, biophysical chemical and medicinal review. | forty-four different animal biles obtained from both invertebrates and vertebrates (including human bile) have been used for centuries for a host of maladies in traditional chinese medicine (tcm) beginning with dog, ox and common carp biles approximately in the zhou dynasty (c. 1046-256 bce). overall, different animal biles were prescribed principally for the treatment of liver, biliary, skin (including burns), gynecological and heart diseases, as well as diseases of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth ... | 0 | 25110425 |
| cadmium induces liver cell apoptosis through caspase-3a activation in purse red common carp (cyprinus carpio). | caspase-3, the essential effector caspase, plays a pivotal role during caspase-dependent apoptosis. in this study, we isolated and characterized caspase-3a gene from common carp. the common carp caspase-3a comprising 273 amino acids showed 71.8% sequence similarity and 59.3% sequence identity to human caspase-3. it exhibited an evolutionarily conserved structure of mammalian caspase-3 genes, including a pro-domain, a large subunit, a small subunit and other motifs such as the pentapeptide active ... | 2013 | 24349509 |
| the il-10 homologue encoded by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 is essential neither for viral replication in vitro nor for virulence in vivo. | cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3), a member of the family alloherpesviridae, is the causative agent of a lethal disease in common and koi carp. cyhv-3 orf134 encodes an interleukin-10 (il-10) homologue. the present study was devoted to this orf. transcriptomic analyses revealed that orf134 is expressed as a spliced gene belonging to the early-late class. proteomic analyses of cyhv-3 infected cell supernatant demonstrated that the orf134 expression product is one of the most abundant proteins of th ... | 2013 | 23865540 |
| in silico assessment of primers for edna studies using primertree and application to characterize the biodiversity surrounding the cuyahoga river. | analysis of environmental dna (edna) enables the detection of species of interest from water and soil samples, typically using species-specific pcr. here, we describe a method to characterize the biodiversity of a given environment by amplifying edna using primer pairs targeting a wide range of taxa and high-throughput sequencing for species identification. we tested this approach on 91 water samples of 40 ml collected along the cuyahoga river (ohio, usa). we amplified edna using 12 primer pairs ... | 2016 | 26965911 |
| identification of deleterious mutations in myostatin gene of rohu carp (labeo rohita) using modeling and molecular dynamic simulation approaches. | the myostatin (mstn) is a known negative growth regulator of skeletal muscle. the mutated myostatin showed a double-muscular phenotype having a positive significance for the farmed animals. consequently, adequate information is not available in the teleosts, including farmed rohu carp, labeo rohita. in the absence of experimental evidence, computational algorithms were utilized in predicting the impact of point mutation of rohu myostatin, especially its structural and functional relationships. t ... | 2016 | 27019850 |
| intestinal immune responses of jian carp against aeromonas hydrophila depressed by choline deficiency: varied change patterns of mrna levels of cytokines, tight junction proteins and related signaling molecules among three intestinal segments. | this study aimed to investigate the effects of choline deficiency on intestinal inflammation of fish after aeromonas hydrophila infection and the potential molecular mechanisms. juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) were fed two diets containing choline at 165 (deficient group) and 607 mg/kg diet respectively for 65 days. choline deficiency decreased intestinal lysozyme activity, c3 and igm contents, increased acid phosphatase activity, downregulated mrna levels of antimicrobial peptide ... | 2017 | 28366783 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of toll-like receptors 5 and 22 from natural triploid carassius auratus. | innate immunity, as the most primitive and universal host defense in fish, constitutes an efficient first line of defense to combat invading microbes. toll-like receptors (tlrs) play essential roles in the innate immunity, and tlr5 and tlr22 are two important tlrs that can recognize flagellin and double stranded rna (dsrna), respectively. in this study, we identified and characterized two tlrs genes of qihe crucian carp (carassius auratus) (designated as catlr5 and catlr22). the full-length cdna ... | 2017 | 28259778 |
| comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy and aeromonas hydrophila-infected crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). | the comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (enr) and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (cip) were investigated in healthy and aeromonas hydrophila-infected crucian carp after a single oral (p.o.) administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg at 25 °c. the plasma concentrations of enr and of cip were determined by hplc. pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on mean enr concentrations by noncompartmental modeling. in healthy fish, the elimination half-life (t1/2λz ), maximum plasma concentratio ... | 2017 | 28205238 |
| serine protease inhibitor kazal-type 2 is expressed in the male reproductive tract of carp with a possible role in antimicrobial protection. | the presence of the low-molecular-mass serine protease inhibitor kazal-type (spink) is a characteristic feature of vertebrate semen. its main function is control of the serine protease in the acrosome, acrosin. here we showed for the first time that spink is present in the seminal plasma of carp, which have anacrosomal spermatozoa. using a three-step isolation procedure that consisted in gel filtration and rp-hplc and re-rp-hplc, we isolated this inhibitor and identified it as serine protease in ... | 2017 | 27867114 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of lrtlr4, analysis of its inductive expression and associated down-stream signaling molecules following lipopolysaccharide stimulation and gram-negative bacterial infection. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play key roles in innate immunity from lower to higher vertebrates. among various tlr types, tlr4 was reported to recognize lps in higher vertebrates resulting in the activation of down-stream signaling pathway. except in some teleosts, function of tlr4 in most fish species including rohu (labeo rohita) a commercially important fish species in the south-east asian countries remained unknown. to investigate it, full-length cdna of labeo rohita tlr4 (lrtlr4) was cloned, ... | 2017 | 27838566 |
| preliminary study on the relationship between dexamethasone and pathogen susceptibility on crucian carp (carassius auratus). | dexamethasone, a known immunosuppressant, can inhibit the immune response and increase the amount of pathogen in body, but the role of dexamethasone affecting susceptibility of crucian carp (carassius auratus) to pathogen is unclear. the effects of dexamethasone on susceptibility of crucian carp to aeromonas hydrophila were investigated in this study. the fish were divided into four groups randomly and injected intraperitoneally by dexamethasone for 0 day (group d), 3 days (group c), 6 days (gro ... | 2016 | 27744057 |
| plant polysaccharides used as immunostimulants enhance innate immune response and disease resistance against aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish. | plant polysaccharides (pps) are an important medicinal plant product, and play a major role in preventing and controlling infectious microbes in aquaculture. the present study investigated the effect of three pps; ficus carica polysaccharides (fcps), radix isatidis polysaccharides (rips), and schisandra chinensis polysaccharides (scps), used as feed additives, on innate immune responses and disease resistance against aeromonas hydrophila in crucian carp. results show that crucian carp fed with t ... | 2016 | 27794459 |
| polysaccharides from marine macroalga, padina gymnospora improve the nonspecific and specific immune responses of cyprinus carpio and protect it from different pathogens. | immunostimulation by plant-derived compounds presents a fascinating alternative to vaccines and antibiotics in aquaculture. fish farmers are longing for immunostimulants that activate both specific and nonspecific immune responses of fish and protect fishes from all possible infections. in this study, we observed that polysaccharide fraction from marine macroalga, padina gymnospora stimulated the immune response of common carp cyprinus carpio (filed for patent, indian patent no. 201641027311 dat ... | 2016 | 27633680 |
| probiotic potential of autochthonous bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four freshwater teleosts. | in this study, a total of 121 bacterial strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four teleostean species, namely striped snakehead (channa striatus), striped dwarf catfish (mystus vittatus), orangefin labeo (labeo calbasu) and mrigal carp (cirrhinus mrigala), among which 8 isolates showed promising antibacterial activity against four potential fish pathogens, aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas salmonicida, aeromonas sobria and pseudomonas fluorescens and were non-hemolytic. the isol ... | 2017 | 27557836 |
| transcriptome signatures in common carp spleen in response to aeromonas hydrophila infection. | the common carp is an important aquaculture species that is worldwide distributed. nowadays, intensive rearing in aquaculture increases the susceptibility of fish to various pathogens such as aeromonas hydrophila, which has caused severe damage to carp production. however, systematic analysis on the host response of common carp against a. hydrophila is less studied. in order to better understand the common carp immune response process against bacteria at the global gene expression level, we exam ... | 2016 | 27521591 |
| molecular cloning of igz heavy chain isotype in catla catla and comparative expression profile of igz and igm following pathogenic infection. | immunoglobulins serve as a crucial arm of the adaptive immune system against detrimental pathogenic threats in teleosts. however, whether the novel ig isotype igz is present in the indian major carp, catla catla, has not yet been elucidated. the present study reports the presence of igz ortholog in c. catla (ccigz) and further demonstrates its comparative tissue specific expression with igm (ccigm) in response to bacterial and parasitic stimulation. the putative 139 amino acid sequence of igz he ... | 2016 | 27301776 |
| lactobacillus acidophilus attenuates aeromonas hydrophila induced cytotoxicity in catla thymus macrophages by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. | the pathogenesis of aeromonas hydrophila, a potent fish pathogen, is attributed to its ability to cause motile aeromonad septicaemia leading to apoptosis in a myriad of fish species, including freshwater carp catla catla. however, the underlying mechanism of antagonistic activity of probiotics against a. hydrophila induced apoptosis is not elucidated due to lack of appropriate in-vitro models. this study reported that the exposure of catla thymus macrophages (ctm) to a. hydrophila markedly induc ... | 2016 | 27262084 |
| detection of goldfish haematopoietic necrosis herpes virus (cyprinid herpesvirus-2) with multi-drug resistant aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish: first evidence of any viral disease outbreak in ornamental freshwater aquaculture farms in india. | this outbreak report details of a mortality event where cyprinid herpes virus-2 (cyhv-2) was detected in association with multidrug-resistant aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish, carassius auratus, from commercial farms. the goldfish exhibited large scale haemorrhages on the body, fins and gills, lepidorthosis, necrosed gills, protruded anus and shrunken eyes. white nodular necrotic foci in spleen and kidneys were noticed, along with necrosis and fusion of gill lamellae. transmission elec ... | 2016 | 27172876 |
| immune effects of the vaccine of live attenuated aeromonas hydrophila screened by rifampicin on common carp (cyprinus carpio l). | aeromonas hydrophila, as a strong gram-negative bacterium, can infect a wide range of freshwater fish, including common carp cyprinus carpio, and cause the huge economic loss. to create the effective vaccine is the best way to control the outbreak of the disease caused by a. hydrophila. in this study, a live attenuated a. hydrophila strain, xx1la, was screened from the pathogenic a. hydrophila strain xx1 cultured on medium containing the antibiotic rifampicin, which was used as a live attenuated ... | 2016 | 27155500 |
| antibacterial activity of litsea cubeba (lauraceae, may chang) and its effects on the biological response of common carp cyprinus carpio challenged with aeromonas hydrophila. | the aims of this study were to characterize the antibacterial activity and the chemotype of litsea cubeba leaf essential oil (eo) harvested in north vietnam and to investigate the biological effects induced by the leaf powder on growth, nonspecific immunity and survival of common carp (cyprinus carpio) challenged with aeromonas hydrophila. | 2016 | 27124660 |
| characterization and immune response expression of the rig-i-like receptor mda5 in common carp cyprinus carpio. | in this study, the full-length complementary (c)dna of common carp cyprinus carpio melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) was cloned. the complete open reading frame of c. carpio mda5 contained 2982 bp and encodes 993 amino acids. the deduced amino acids contained six functional domains: two caspase activation and recruitment domains (card), a conserved restriction domain of bacterial type iii restriction enzyme (resiii), a dexd/h box-containing domain (dexdc), a helicase super family ... | 2016 | 27108774 |
| effects of dietary supplementations with the fibrous root of rhizoma coptidis and its main alkaloids on non-specific immunity and disease resistance of common carp. | the effects of fibrous root of rhizoma coptidis (frc) and its main alkaloids on non-specific immunity and disease resistance of common carp were investigated. the fish were randomly assigned to seven groups: normal control group (nc), groups treated with 12.5 g/kg frc (frc-l), 25 g/kg frc (frc-m), 50 g/kg frc (frc-h), 0.78 g/kg total alkaloids (ta), 0.78 g/kg berberine (bbr), and 0.78 g/kg coptisine (cop), respectively. results showed that the activities of myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and respirat ... | 2016 | 27090624 |
| genome wide identification of scavenger receptors class a in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and their expression following aeromonas hydrophila infection. | scavenger receptors class a (scaras) is a subgroup of diverse families of pattern recognition receptors that bind a range of ligands, and play important roles in innate immune processes through pathogens detection, adhesion, endocytosis, and phagocytosis. however, most studies of scaras have focused on mammals, and much less is known of scaras in fish species. in this study, we identified 7 scaras across the common carp genome, which were classified into four subclasses according to comparative ... | 2016 | 27041666 |
| effects of ala-gln feeding strategies on growth, metabolism, and crowding stress resistance of juvenile cyprinus carpio var. jian. | the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different l-alanyl-l-glutamine (ala-gln) feeding strategies on the growth performance, metabolism and crowding stress resistance related parameters in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) under crowded condition (80 g/l). juvenile jian carp (initial weight 26.1 ± 0.6 g) were distributed into five groups which fed with graded concentrations (0% or 1.0%) of ala-gln for eight weeks. control group (i, 0/0) fed with control diet (0% ... | 2016 | 26945938 |
| cloning and characterization of two duplicated interleukin-17a/f2 genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.): transcripts expression and bioactivity of recombinant il-17a/f2. | interleukin-17 (il-17) plays an important role in inflammation and host defense in mammals. in this study, we identified two duplicated il-17a/f2 genes in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) (ccil-17a/f2a and ccil-17a/f2b), putative encoded proteins contain 140 amino acids (aa) with conserved il-17 family motifs. expression analysis revealed high constitutive expression of ccil-17a/f2s in mucosal tissues, including gill, skin and intestine, their expression could be induced by aeromonas hydrophila ... | 2016 | 26921542 |
| complete genome sequence of fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila jbn2301. | aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most important fish pathogens in china. here, we report complete genome sequence of a virulent strain, a. hydrophila jbn2301, which was isolated from diseased crucian carp. | 2016 | 26823580 |
| antibacterial efficacy and pharmacokinetic evaluation of sanguinarine in common carp (cyprinus carpio) following a single intraperitoneal administration. | sanguinarine (sa), with antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities against fish pathogens, exhibits great potential commercial use in aquaculture. however, little information on pharmacokinetics of sa restricts further application in aquaculture. in this study, pharmacokinetics of sa in common carp (cyprinus carpio) following a single intraperitoneal administration [10 mg kg(-1) bw (body weight)] was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the peak concentration (cmax ) of sa ... | 2016 | 26763075 |
| roles of phagocytosis activating protein (pap) in aeromonas hydrophila infected cyprinus carpio. | cyprinus carpio (koi) is one of the most popular ornamental fish. a major problem for c. carpio farming is bacterial infections especially by aeromonas hydrophila. previously studies had shown that the phagocytosis activating protein (pap) gene was involved in the innate immune response of animals. therefore, we attempted to identify a role for the pap gene in the immunology of c. carpio. the expression of the pap was found in c. carpio whole blood and increased when the fish were stimulated by ... | 2016 | 26748248 |
| dietary myo-inositol modulates immunity through antioxidant activity and the nrf2 and e2f4/cyclin signalling factors in the head kidney and spleen following infection of juvenile fish with aeromonas hydrophila. | this study was conducted to investigate the effects of the dietary vitamin myo-inositol (mi), on the immunity and structural integrity of the head kidney and spleen following infection of fish with the major freshwater pathogen bacterial aeromonas hydrophila. the results demonstrated for the first time that mi deficiency depressed the lysozyme and acid phosphatase (acp) activities and the complement 3 (c3) and c4 contents in the head kidney and spleen compared with the optimal mi levels, indicat ... | 2016 | 26702562 |
| gut melatonin response to microbial infection in carp catla catla. | the purpose of present study was to demonstrate the response of gut melatoninergic system to aeromonas hydrophila infection for 3 or 6 days and search for its correlation with the activity of different antioxidative and digestive enzymes to focus their interplay under pathophysiological conditions in carp (catla catla). microscopic study of gut in infected fish revealed degenerative changes in the tunica mucosa and lamina propria layers with sloughed off epithelial cells in the lumen. the activi ... | 2016 | 26563281 |
| expression patterns of toll-like receptors in natural triploid carassius auratus after infection with aeromonas hydrophila. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play the important roles in the innate immune system. in the present study, we have cloned fragments of 13 members of tlr family in natural triploid qihe crucian carp (c. auratus) and investigated the expression profiles of these tlrs in spleen and head kidney at different time points after a. hydrophila infection. the results showed that the expressions of certain tlrs including tlr4, tlr5, and tlr22 were significantly up-regulated after infection, and the expression ... | 2015 | 26319889 |
| protective efficacy of recombinant hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) of aeromonas hydrophila in common carp (cyprinus carpio). | motile aeromonad septicemia (mas) caused by aeromonas hydrophila is one of the common bacterial causes of fish mortalities. prophylactic vaccination against this and other diseases is essential for continued growth of aquaculture. the type vi secretion system (t6ss) plays a crucial role in the virulence of a. hydrophila. the hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) is an integral component of the t6ss apparatus and is considered a hallmark of t6ss function. here, the t6ss effector hcp was expressed ... | 2015 | 26093203 |
| ontogeny, tissue distribution and expression analysis of igz in rohu, labeo rohita in response to various stimuli. | this study reports presence of igz transcripts, its ontogeny, tissue distribution and expression following various stimulations/infections in rohu. the derived rohu igz sequence clustered together with igz of ctenopharyngodon idella and cyprinus carpio in phylogenetic analysis. igz expression was detected at early developmental stages with higher expression at 1 day post-fertilization, and higher in anterior kidney and lower in skin tissues of juveniles. an inductive expression of igz was observ ... | 2015 | 26055084 |
| establishment and characterization of fin-derived cell line from ornamental carp, cyprinus carpio koi, for virus isolation in india. | cyprinus carpio koi fin (cckf) cell line was established and characterized from the caudal fin tissue of ornamental common carp, c. carpio koi. this cell line has been maintained in l-15 medium supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum (fbs) and subcultured more than 52 times over a period of 24 mo. the cckf cell line consisted of epithelial cells and was able to grow at temperatures between 22 and 35°c with an optimum temperature of 28°c. the growth rate of these cells increased as the proporti ... | 2015 | 25990269 |
| [molecular cloning and expression patterns of two tumor necrosis factor al pha genes in crucian carp (carassius carassius)]. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is a potent inflammatory cytokine produced during inflammation. in this study, two crucian carp tnf-alpha genes, tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2 were cloned and sequenced. the tnfalpha-1 was 720 bp and-consisted of a 699 bp opening reading frame encoding 232 amino acids and tnfalpha-2 was 793 bp and contained an open reading frame of 687 bp which encoded 228 amino acids. the genomic structure of both genes consists of4 exons and 3 introns similar to other known tnf-alpha ge ... | 2015 | 25916118 |
| effect of dietary arginine on the immune response and gene expression in head kidney and spleen following infection of jian carp with aeromonas hydrophila. | this study was conducted to test the hypothesis that elevated dietary arginine enhances immunity of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). fish were fed graded levels of dietary arginine for 9 weeks. subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection of aeromonas hydrophila. head kidney and spleen weights, as well as erythrocyte and leukocyte counts were significantly influenced by dietary arginine levels. a similar trend was also observed for hemagglutination titre, serum lysozy ... | 2015 | 25721332 |
| enhancement of secondary metabolites from bacillus licheniformis xy-52 on immune response and expression of some immune-related genes in common carp, cyprinus carpio. | this study was undertaken to isolate active secondary metabolites from immunostimulatory bacillus licheniformis xy-52 and evaluate their activities at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% doses supplementation with feed on immune response in common carp at weeks 1, 2, and 3. by applying chromatography techniques and successive recrystallization, two purified metabolites were obtained and identified by spectral data (mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance) as: cyclo-(phe-tyr) and cyclo-(phe-gly). t ... | 2015 | 25703710 |
| effect of dietary astaxanthin against aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp, cyprinus carpio. | the effect of astaxanthin at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg(-1) incorporated in basal feed on immune response and disease resistance in cyprinus carpio against aeromonas hydrophila was investigated. when fed with 25 mg kg(-1) diet, the cumulative mortality was 35% whereas it was 10% and 20% with 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) diets. with all enriched diets the growth rate increased significantly from week 1 to 4 when compared with control. however, the specific growth rate (sgr), feed conversion ratio (fcr), an ... | 2014 | 25462460 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of mannose binding lectin homologue from snow trout (schizothorax richardsonii). | the teleost fishes depend on their innate immune system for first line of defense. mannose binding lectin (mbl) is a member of the collectin family of proteins that plays an important role in the innate immune response in many vertebrates including fish. the present study was thus carried out to identify and characterize mbl homologue from snow trout. the cdna of snow trout mbl homologue (galactose binding; sch-gbl) was cloned and characterized. the obtained cdna (778-bp) contains 762 bp long or ... | 2015 | 25430628 |
| effect of euphorbia hirta plant leaf extract on immunostimulant response of aeromonas hydrophila infected cyprinus carpio. | the main objective of the present study is to improve the immune power of cyprinus carpio by using euphorbia hirta plant leaf extract as immunostimulants. the haematological, immunological and enzymatic studies were conducted on the medicated fish infected with aeromonas hydrophila pathogen. the results obtained from the haematological studies show that the rbc count, wbc count and haemoglobin content were increased in the infected fish at higher concentration of leaf extract. the feeds with lea ... | 2014 | 25405077 |
| antibacterial activity of various plants extracts against antibiotic-resistant aeromonas hydrophila. | aeromonas hydrophila cause one of the most important diseases in fishes and lead to economic losses, and may be contaminated human beings. | 2014 | 25368797 |
| characterization of myeloid-specific peroxidase, keratin 8, and dual specificity phosphatase 1 as innate immune genes involved in the resistance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection. | myeloid-specific peroxidase (mpo), keratin 8 (krt-8), and dual specificity phosphatase 1 (dusp-1) are believed to play essential roles in innate immunity. through suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) analysis, we previously identified mpo, krt-8, and dusp-1 as the three genes that were the most significantly upregulated in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) that survived cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) infection. here, we have further characterized these three genes and their respon ... | 2014 | 25312688 |
| characterization, expression and antibacterial properties of apolipoproteins a from carp (cyprinus carpio l.) seminal plasma. | apolipoproteins a are multifunctional proteins that, in addition to contributing to lipid metabolism and transport, are associated with the innate immune system in fish. using a three step isolation procedure consisting of affinity chromatography on blue-sepharose, delipidation and reverse phase hplc we isolated apolipoproteins from carp seminal plasma and identified them as apoa-i and apo-14 kda. moreover, we provided the full-length cdna sequence of apoa-i encoding 257 amino acids including a ... | 2014 | 25251775 |
| survival of fish-pathogenic strains of aeromonas hydrophila under starvation. | abstract the survival of aeromonas hydrophila under low-nutrient conditions was investigated in this study. the behavior of three strains isolated from common carp cyprinus carpio (china) and channel catfish ictalurus punctatus (usa) was compared when cells were starved at different temperatures (4, 15, 25, and 35°c) over a 4-week period. temperature played a major role in cell survival, and cell viability decreased rapidly at 4°c. conversely, cells stored at 15°c did not lose viability over tim ... | 2014 | 25229491 |
| dietary supplementation of probiotics affects growth, immune response and disease resistance of cyprinus carpio fry. | the effects of dietary bacillus coagulans (mtcc 9872), bacillus licheniformis (mtcc 6824) and paenibacillus polymyxa (mtcc 122) supplementation on growth performance, non-specific immunity and protection against aeromonas hydrophila infection were evaluated in common carp, cyprinus carpio fry. laboratory maintained b. coagulans, b. licheniformis and p. polymyxa were used to study antagonistic activity against fish pathogenic bacteria by agar well diffusion assay. healthy fish fry were challenged ... | 2014 | 25160796 |
| analysis of immune-related ests and differential expression analysis of few important genes in lines of rohu (labeo rohita) selected for resistance and susceptibility to aeromonas hydrophila infection. | a total of 137,629 contigs generated via de novo transcriptome assembly from resistant and susceptible lines of rohu (first generation) raised against aeromoniasis were further analyzed in terms of defence-related genes. out of 1,939 contigs showing homology to genes involved in immune processes, 1,866 were further categorised into different functional subgroups. comparative analysis revealed five genes for the first time in any carp species out of which apolipoprotein h, septin 4 isoform 3 and ... | 2014 | 25081649 |
| toll-like receptor 22 in labeo rohita: molecular cloning, characterization, 3d modeling, and expression analysis following ligands stimulation and bacterial infection. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a class of innate immune receptors that sense pathogens or their molecular signatures and activate signaling cascades to induce a quick and non-specific immune response in the host. among various types of tlrs, tlr22 is exclusively present in teleosts and amphibians and is expected to play the distinctive role in innate immunity. this report describes molecular cloning, three-dimensional (3d) modeling, and expression analysis of tlr22 in rohu (labeo rohita), the mo ... | 2014 | 25064133 |
| a linkage map of transcribed single nucleotide polymorphisms in rohu (labeo rohita) and qtl associated with resistance to aeromonas hydrophila. | production of carp dominates world aquaculture. more than 1.1 million tonnes of rohu carp, labeo rohita (hamilton), were produced in 2010. aeromonas hydrophila is a bacterial pathogen causing aeromoniasis in rohu, and is a major problem for carp production worldwide. there is a need to better understand the genetic mechanisms affecting resistance to this disease, and to develop tools that can be used with selective breeding to improve resistance. here we use a 6 k snp array to genotype 21 full-s ... | 2014 | 24984705 |
| immune response and disease resistance of carotenoids supplementation diet in cyprinus carpio against aeromonas hydrophila. | the effect of carotenoid-supplementation diet on immune response and disease resistance in common carp, cyprinus carpio against aeromonas hydrophila at weeks 1, 2, and 4 is reported. the cumulative mortality was 10% when fish were fed with 50 or 100 mg kg(-1) supplementation diets while the un-supplementation diet treated group suffered 90% mortality against the pathogen. the phagocytic activity and complement activity significantly increased with 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) diet groups from weeks 2 an ... | 2014 | 24954837 |
| immune responses and protective efficacy of recombinant outer membrane protein r (rompr)-based vaccine of aeromonas hydrophila with a modified adjuvant formulation in rohu (labeo rohita). | despite the importance and success of developing a candidate vaccine against aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the vaccine-induced immunoprotection in indian major carp, labeo rohita, primarily due to lack of information on most of the immune related genes of the species. in this study, a novel candidate antigen recombinant outer membrane protein r (rompr) of a. hydrophila was evaluated as a vaccine candidate along with a modified adjuvant ... | 2014 | 24937805 |
| draft genome sequence of aeromonas hydrophila strain ae34, isolated from a septicemic and moribund koi carp (cyprinus carpio koi), a freshwater aquarium fish. | aeromonas hydrophila is an important opportunistic pathogen that infects a variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals, including humans. we report here the draft genome sequence of a. hydrophila ae34, a multidrug-resistant isolate from the kidney of a moribund koi carp (ciprinus carpio koi) with signs of hemorrhagic septicemia. | 2014 | 24926056 |
| effect of choline on antioxidant defenses and gene expressions of nrf2 signaling molecule in the spleen and head kidney of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). | the present work evaluates the effects of various levels of dietary choline on antioxidant defenses and gene expressions of nrf2 signaling molecule in spleen and head kidney of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). fish were fed with six different experimental diets containing graded levels of choline at 165 (choline-deficient control), 310, 607, 896, 1167 and 1820 mg kg(-1) diet for 65 days. at the end of the feeding trail, fish were challenged with aeromonas hydrophila and mortalitie ... | 2014 | 24751923 |
| comparative study of seasonal variation in bacterial flora concomitant with farm raised fingerlings of cyprinus carpio at tarai region of uttarakhand. | the bacterial infection is an important economic and limiting factor in intensive fish production. the present study focuses on investigation of the bacterial population associated with farmed common carp fingerlings, its environment and limnological quality of pond, during winter and summer season. it was found that the bacterial count in the pond sediment (6.40 cfu x 10(4)) was about 10 times higher in comparison of pond water (6.93 cfu x 10(3)). further, the intestinal bacterial count was abo ... | 2014 | 24665763 |
| effect of seeds of achyranthes aspera on the immune responses and expression of some immune-related genes in carp catla catla. | evaluation of functional mechanism of immunostimulant in fish is essential for realizing their therapeutic potential. the impact of dietary supplementation of seeds of achyranthes aspera on the immune system of catla catla was studied. catla (37.73 ± 6.7 g) were fed with test diets containing 0.5 (d1) and 1.0% (d2) seeds of a. aspera and control diet (d3) for 50 days. then fish were immunized with heat-killed aeromonas hydrophila. blood and tissue samples were collected after 7 days of immunizat ... | 2014 | 24657259 |
| purification and molecular characterization of igm in olive barb, puntius sarana. | in the present article, immunoglobulin (ig) of puntius sarana (a vulnerable medium carp species) was purified by affinity chromatography, characterized, and identified as only igm type with a native molecular weight of 879 kda having one heavy (88 kda) and one light (26 kda) chain. further, the developed rabbit antisera against igm was found to be quite specific to p. sarana igm and used in elisa to measure the antibody titer in p. sarana at different time periods, against an antigen (hemocyanin ... | 2014 | 24654823 |
| different expression profiles of interleukin 11 (il-11), intelectin (itln) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5a (pnp 5a) in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in response to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 and aeromonas hydrophila. | interleukin 11 (il-11), intelectin (itln) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5a (pnp5a) play important roles in innate immunity. in a previous study to identify differentially expressed immune-related genes, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) assay was used to characterize differentially expressed genes in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) infected with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) in which il-11, itln and pnp5a were identified to be the three most significantly up-regulated ... | 2014 | 24636855 |
| a study on genetic variability of pathogenic aeromonas hydrophila strains and the varied responses of the strains towards phyto-extracts. | the present study evaluated genetic variation in aeromonas hydrophila strains using pcr-rapd and their varied susceptibility to phyto-extract. four strains of aeromonas hydrophila isolated from skin infections of common freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio were characterized by various biochemical methods, physiological tests and pcr- rapd. antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts of three medicinal plants, ocimum sanctum, adathoda vasica and calendula officinalis were tested against the four str ... | 2013 | 24511738 |
| the effect of β-glucan on formation and functionality of neutrophil extracellular traps in carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) has been characterised as a novel antimicrobial host defence strategy of neutrophils besides phagocytosis and degranulation, which may lead to entrapment and subsequent immobilisation and/or killing of bacterial pathogens. here we studied the effect of the feed additive β-glucan, namely macrogard(®), on the formation and functionality of nets in carp. therefore, common carp (cyprinus carpio) head kidney and kidney cells were isolated and tre ... | 2014 | 24434196 |
| effects of three strains of intestinal autochthonous bacteria and their extracellular products on the immune response and disease resistance of common carp, cyprinus carpio. | the study isolated three strains of intestinal autochthonous bacteria aeromonas veronii ba-1, vibrio lentus ba-2, and flavobacterium sasangense ba-3 from the intestinal tract of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). to reveal the effects of these three strains of bacteria on the innate immunity of carp, the lysozyme, complement c3, total serum protein, albumin and globulin levels, respiratory burst activity, phagocytic activity by blood leucocytes and the expression of il-1b, lysozyme-c, and tnf-α ... | 2014 | 24161775 |
| effect of dietary supplemented andrographolide on growth, non-specific immune parameters and resistance against aeromonas hydrophila in labeo rohita (hamilton). | the present study evaluated the effect of dietary andrographolide (ec 50%) on growth, non-specific immune parameters and disease resistance against aeromonas hydrophila infection in indian major carp, labeo rohita fingerlings. fishes were fed with formulated diet containing andrographolide as t0 (0.00%), t1 (0.05%), t2 (0.10%), t3 (0.20%), t4 (0.40%) and t5 (0.80%) for 42 days. fishes were challenged with a. hydrophila 42 days post feeding and relative percentage survival (rps) was recorded over ... | 2013 | 23973382 |
| mhc class iiα alleles associated with resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in purse red common carp, cyprinus carpio linnaeus. | | 2014 | 23952645 |
| beta-glucan feeding differentiated the regulation of mrna expression of claudin genes and prevented an intestinal inflammatory response post aeromonas hydrophila intubation in common carp, cyprinus carpio l. | | 2014 | 23944989 |
| characterization and expression analysis of common carp cyprinus carpio tlr5m. | tlr5 is responsible for the recognition of bacterial flagellin in vertebrates. in this study, we cloned the tlr5m gene of common carp using the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. the tlr5m cdna was 3182 bp in length and contained a 2658-bp open reading frame, which encoded a protein of 885 amino acids (aa). the entire coding region of the tlr5m gene was successfully amplified from genomic dna and contained a single exon. the aa sequence of carp tlr5m showed the highest similarity (8 ... | 2013 | 23930591 |
| dietary choline modulates immune responses, and gene expressions of tor and eif4e-binding protein2 in immune organs of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). | the present work evaluates the effects of various levels of dietary choline on immune parameters, immune-related gene expression and protection against aeromonas hydrophila (ah) in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). fish were fed with six different experimental diets containing graded levels of choline at 165 (choline-deficient control), 310, 607, 896, 1167 and 1820 mg kg(-1) diet for 65 days. at the end of the feeding trail, fish were challenged with ah and mortalities were recorde ... | 2013 | 23774323 |
| effects of dietary isoleucine on the immune response, antioxidant status and gene expression in the head kidney of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). | this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary isoleucine (ile) on the immune response, antioxidant status and gene expression in the head kidney of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). six semi-purified isonitrogenous diets (4.2, 7.0, 9.5, 11.9, 13.9 and 16.9 g ile kg(-1) diet) were fed to jian carp (6.9 ± 0.03 g) for 60 days. the results showed that ile supplementation improved the head kidney index, red and white blood cell counts, anti-hydroxyl radical capacity and th ... | 2013 | 23742869 |
| establishment and characterization of a fin cell line from blunt snout bream, megalobrama amblycephala. | this study established and characterized a new cell line (maf) from the fin of blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala), a freshwater fish cultivated in china. maf cells proliferated well in medium 199 supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum at 28 °c and have been subcultured more than 95 times in almost a year. maf cells were revived at 90-95 % viability after 3-6 months of storage in liquid nitrogen. karyotyping indicated that the modal chromosome number of maf cells was 48. the maf cell ... | 2013 | 23532304 |
| effects of mannan oligosaccharide on the physiological responses, hsp70 gene expression and disease resistance of allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) under aeromonas hydrophila infection. | we evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide (mos) on the resistance to aeromonas hydrophi1a infection in allogynogenetic crucian carp. the fish were randomly divided into five groups: a control group was fed with basal diet, and four treatment groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 60, 120, 240, 480 mg/kg mos for 10 weeks, respectively. we then challenged the fish with a. hydrophi1a and recorded the mortality and the changes in serum cortisol, t3, t4, lys ... | 2013 | 23481213 |
| evaluation of probiotic bacteria against aeromonads syndrome in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in simple axenic larviculture. | evaluation of probiotics, bacillus firmus and b. coagulans against aeromonas hydrophila in axenic common carp larviculture was conducted. the highest egg hatching rate was obtained from the axenic system + probiotic bacteria (ap) (98.33%), followed by axenic system (a) (96.67%); axenic system + probiotic + a. hydrophila (ac) (93.33%); non-axenic system (na) (93.33%); and axenic system + a. hydrophila (ah) (83.33%). 100% survival rate (sr) was obtained from all treatments, except ah (90%). the hi ... | 2013 | 25141734 |
| β-glucan protects neutrophil extracellular traps against degradation by aeromonas hydrophila in carp (cyprinus carpio). | a novel host innate immune defence mechanism against invading pathogens, namely the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (nets), has recently been discovered. these nets are described as dna fibres released by dying neutrophils, which are able to entrap and kill various microbes. here we studied the effect of the feed additive β-glucan, namely macrogard(®), on the degradation of nets by the important fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila. therefore, common carp (cyprinus carpio) head kidney ... | 2012 | 22959188 |
| evaluation of two outer membrane proteins, aha1 and ompw of aeromonas hydrophila as vaccine candidate for common carp. | aeromonas hydrophila is an important fish pathogen responsible for huge economic losses in aquaculture sector. the bacterial outer membrane proteins (omps), especially adhesins play a key role in the virulence of the bacteria and are considered potential vaccine candidates. we evaluated the immunogenicity of two important outer membrane proteins namely aha1 and ompw of a. hydrophila. these proteins were over-expressed in escherichia coli, purified and used for the vaccination of common carp. seq ... | 2012 | 22917476 |
| effect of coriolus versicolor polysaccharides on the hematological and biochemical parameters and protection against aeromonas hydrophila in allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). | the effect of dietary intake of coriolus versicolor polysaccharides (cvp) on the hematological and biochemical indices of allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) was investigated. fish were fed cvp supplemented diets (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 g cvp kg(-1)) for 56 days. the rbc, wbc counts, hemoglobin content, esr in blood and tp, alt, ast, alp, glu, cho, tg, and bun in serum were measured on day 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. after feeding of 56 days, fish were infected with aeromo ... | 2013 | 22791194 |
| haemato-immunological and growth response of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio) fed a tropical earthworm meal in experimental diets. | an investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding a tropical earthworm meal (perionyx escavatus) on the haemato-immunological response and growth performance of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio). fish were fed diets for a total of 88 days, fishmeal served as the main protein source in the control diet. two remaining diets consisted of fishmeal fixed at 33.65% provision of protein and the remaining 66.35% protein was provided by soybean meal (sbm diet) or p. excavatus meal (ew diet). c ... | 2012 | 22554572 |
| expressed sequences and polymorphisms in rohu carp (labeo rohita, hamilton) revealed by mrna-seq. | expressed genes and polymorphisms were identified in lines of rohu labeo rohita selected for resistance or susceptibility to aeromonas hydrophila, an important bacterial pathogen causing aeromoniasis. all animals were grown in a common environment and rna from ten individuals from each line pooled for illumina mrna-seq. de novo transcriptome assembly produced 137,629 contigs with 40× average coverage.forty-four percent of the assembled sequences were annotated with gene names and ontology terms. ... | 2012 | 22298294 |
| use of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and aeromonas salmonicida for detection of immunomodulatory effects of chemicals on fish. | to develop a test for assessing the immunomodulatory effects of chemical pollutants on fish, we evaluated the effects of dexamethasone on the natural host-pathogen interaction between common carp (cyprinus carpio) and aeromonas salmonicida. carp were exposed to 1mgl(-1) dexamethasone for the entire experimental period. one week after the exposure test started, the exposed fish, as well as unexposed fish, were bath-infected with a. salmonicida. one hundred percent mortality was observed in bacter ... | 2017 | 28063699 |
| molecular characterization of shewanella and aeromonas isolates associated with spoilage of common carp (cyprinus carpio). | storage in ice is a common way of preserving commercial fish species but some microorganisms can still contaminate and participate in the spoilage of the product; therefore, identification of potential harmful microbes is important. thirteen colonies were isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio) that had been stored in ice, whose phenotypic identification revealed that they belonged to the genera aeromonas (n = 5) and shewanella (n = 8). molecular genotyping with eric-pcr showed clonality onl ... | 2015 | 25790506 |
| ulcer disease prophylaxis in koi carp by bath immersion with chicken egg yolk containing anti-aeromonas salmonicida igy. | ulcer disease, caused by atypical aeromonas salmonicida, is a serious concern in ornamental koi carp, because it induces skin ulceration, disfiguring ornamental fish and causing economic loses. the present study aimed to establish a novel prophylaxis with chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin, igy, against ulcer disease and to assess its feasibility in the ornamental fish industry. addition of egg yolk powder containing anti-a. salmonicida igy to rearing water provided significant protection against a ... | 2015 | 25687817 |
| draft genome sequence of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes as03, an atypical strain isolated from crucian carp (carassius carassius) in the republic of korea. | we present the draft genome sequence of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes strain as03, an atypical a. salmonicida strain that causes erythrodermatitis in crucian carp (carassius carassius). this is the first genome sequence report of a. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes, one of the four subspecies of atypical a. salmonicida. | 2013 | 24092786 |
| dietary β-glucan stimulate complement and c-reactive protein acute phase responses in common carp (cyprinus carpio) during an aeromonas salmonicida infection. | the effect of β-glucans as feed additive on the profile of c-reactive protein (crp) and complement acute phase responses was studied in common carp cyprinus carpio after exposition to a bacterial infection with aeromonas salmonicida. carp were orally administered with β-glucan (macrogard®) for 14 days with a daily β-glucan intake of 6 mg per kg body weight. fish were then intraperitoneally injected with either pbs or 1 × 10⁸ bacteria per fish and sampled at time 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 ... | 2013 | 23291104 |
| the influence of dietary β-glucan, pamp exposure and aeromonas salmonicida on apoptosis modulation in common carp (cyprinus carpio). | the association between β-glucan (macrogard®) supplemented feed and apoptosis in immune-related organs of common carp (cyprinus carpio) was studied using fluorescence microscopy and real-time pcr. in addition the effect of aeromonas salmonicida, lps and poly(i:c) injections on this relationship was evaluated. whilst acridine orange staining revealed that apoptosis levels were independent of macrogard® and lps/poly(i:c) administration or their combination, it was shown that injection with a. salm ... | 2012 | 23198291 |
| reduced inflammatory response to aeromonas salmonicida infection in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fed with β-glucan supplements. | the objective of the present study was to determine the action of β-glucans as feed additives on the gene expression profile of some inflammatory-related cytokines from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) during the early stages of a non-lethal bacterial infection with aeromonas salmonicida. β-glucan (macrogard(®)), was administered daily to carp (6 mg per kg body weight) in the form of supplemented commercial food pellets for 14 days prior to infection. control and treated fish were then intraperi ... | 2012 | 22406448 |
| detection and characterization of potentially pathogenic aeromonas sobria isolated from fish hypophthalmichthys molitrix (cypriniformes: cyprinidae). | the current study focuses on the detection and characterization of potentially pathogenic aeromonas sobria from fish silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix). assessment of clinical, microbiological, pathological and biochemical characteristics of a. sobria were taken into account in order to understand the epidemiology, frequency and occurrence of this infection. clinically the infected fish (h. molitrix) was observed for various types of symptoms. a total of 33 colonies of a. sobria strain we ... | 2016 | 26518124 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of two β-defensin genes in the blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala). | β-defensins are a group of cysteine-rich, cationic antimicrobial peptides that play important roles in innate immune system against pathogenic microbes invading. in this study, the part-length cdna sequences of two β-defensin genes (maβd-1, maβd-2) in blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala) were identified. homology analysis showed that the cdna sequences of maβd-1 and maβd-2 had high similarities to those in common carp and zebrafish. real-time quantitative pcr results exhibited that expre ... | 2013 | 23876385 |
| detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in association with an aeromonas sobria infection of carassius carassius (l.), in italy. | sixteen specimens of female crucian carp, carassius carassius (l.), during the breeding season, were investigated for post-mortem and full diagnostic examination during a mortality outbreak in a tributary stream of the arno river in tuscany in 2011. necropsy highlighted the presence of a swollen anus and widespread haemorrhages in the body, fins, gills and eyes. haemorrhages in internal organs and spleen granulomas were also observed. bacteria isolated from the brain, kidney and spleen of affect ... | 2013 | 23488630 |
| antibiotic resistance and repetitive-element pcr fingerprinting in aeromonas veronii isolates. | this study evaluated antibiotic resistance and the related genes in total 47 aeromonas veronii isolates from pet fish, eel (anguilla japonica) and koi (cyprinus carpio) in korea. in comparison with the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates from eel and koi, those of pet fish were more resistant to ceftiofur, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin. and isolates from pet fish showed high prevalences of class 1 integron, quinolones and tetracycline resistance determinants than those fro ... | 2016 | 27690177 |
| occurrence of glucocorticoids discharged from a sewage treatment plant in japan and the effects of clobetasol propionate exposure on the immune responses of common carp (cyprinus carpio) to bacterial infection. | the present study evaluated the environmental risks to common carp (cyprinus carpio) posed by glucocorticoids present in sewage treatment plant (stp) effluent. to gather information on the seasonal variations in glucocorticoid concentration, the authors sampled the effluent of a japanese stp every other week for 12 mo. six of 9 selected glucocorticoids were detected in the effluent, with clobetasol propionate and betamethasone 17-valerate detected at the highest concentrations and frequencies. t ... | 2016 | 26126539 |
| vitellogenesis in archigetes sieboldi leuckart, 1878 (cestoda, caryophyllidea, caryophyllaeidae), an intestinal parasite of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | vitellogenesis in the caryophyllidean tapeworm archigetes sieboldi leuckart, 1878, from carp cyprinus carpio l. in slovakia, has been examined using transmission electron microscopy and cytochemical staining with periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate (pa-tsc-sp) for glycogen. vitelline follicles extend in two lateral bands in the medullary parenchyma along both sides of the monozoic body. they are surrounded by an external basal lamina and contain vitellocytes and an interstitial tis ... | 2012 | 23059891 |
| a novel genus in the order picornavirales detected in human stool. | recently, four new viruses belonging to an unassigned family within the order picornavirales were identified in excrements of healthy carp (fisavirus) and pigs (posavirus 1, 2 and 3). we report the detection and characterization of a fifth virus present in human faeces. the virus, named human stool-associated rna virus (husavirus), contains a single orf encoding a putative 2993 aa polyprotein, with a hel-pro-pol replication block, typical for the picornavirales. phylogenetic analysis revealed th ... | 2015 | 26354795 |
| toxicity profile of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for fungi and cyprinus carpio fish. | an investigation on the toxicological assessment of 10 choline chloride (chcl)-based deep eutectic solvents (dess) towards four fungi strains and cyprinus carpio fish was conducted. chcl was combined with materials from different chemical groups such as alcohols, sugars, acids and others to form dess. the study was carried out on the individual des components, their aqueous mixture before des formation and their formed dess. the agar disc diffusion method was followed to investigate their toxici ... | 2016 | 26743645 |
| the invasive fish tapeworm atractolytocestus huronensis (cestoda), a parasite of carp, colonises africa. | biological invasions represent a serious threat for aquaculture because many of introduced parasites may negatively affect the health state of feral and cultured fish. in the present account, the invasive tapeworm atractolytocestus huronensis anthony, 1958 (cestoda: caryophyllidea), which was originally described from north america and has been introduced to europe including the british isles with its specific host, common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), is reported from africa for the first time. it ... | 2015 | 26091762 |
| the tapeworm atractolytocestus tenuicollis (cestoda: caryophyllidea)--a sister species or ancestor of an invasive a. huronensis? | atractolytocestus tenuicollis (li, 1964) xi, wang, wu, gao et nie, 2009 is a monozoic, non-segmented tapeworm of the order caryophyllidea, parasitizing exclusively common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). in the current work, the first molecular data, in particular complete ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (cox1) on a. tenuicollis from niushan lake, wuhan, china, are provided. in order to evaluate molecular interrelationships within ... | 2013 | 23832640 |
| virus isolate from carp: genetic characterization reveals a novel picornavirus with two aphthovirus 2a-like sequences. | picornaviruses have been isolated from a variety of hosts, mainly mammals and birds. here, we describe the sequence analysis of carp picornavirus 1 (cpv-1) f37/06 that was isolated from an organ pool (heart, brain, liver) of a common carp (cyprinus carpio). this carp perished after an accidental discharge of liquid manure into a fish pond and presented without obvious clinical symptoms. experimental intraperitoneal infection of young carp with cpv-1 revealed no clinical signs, but the virus was ... | 2014 | 24337965 |
| potential probiotics from indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala. characterization, pathogen inhibitory activity, partial characterization of bacteriocin and production of exoenzymes. | the study explored antagonistic activity of the cellular components of potential probiotic bacteria from mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala) against fish pathogens with a basic insight of the chemical nature of the antagonistic compound. totally 208 autochthonous gut bacteria were isolated, of which 22 strains revealed antagonism towards ≥2 of the six common fish pathogens. zones of inhibition (halo diameter) were presented as score and the four most promising strains were selected as putative probiotics ... | 2016 | 27663374 |
| functional analysis of domain of unknown function (duf) 1943, duf1944 and von willebrand factor type d domain (vwd) in vitellogenin2 in zebrafish. | vitellogenin (vg), the precursor of egg-yolk proteins in all oviparous organisms, shares a similar domain structure combination. in most cases, vg contains the vitellogenin_n domain, the domain of unknown function (duf) 1943, and the von willebrand factor type d domain (vwd), which are present in different forms of vg from both vertebrates and invertebrates. occasionally, a duf1944 domain is also present in between duf1943 and vwd in some vg proteins of vertebrates. recent studies have shown tha ... | 2013 | 23867754 |