| the course of plasmodium berghei infection in mice latently infected with toxoplasma gondii. | the course of infection with 2 different virulent strains of plasmodium berghei was investigated in mice latently infected with toxoplasma gondii. when given the highly virulent anka strain of p. berghei all toxoplasma-infected mice died but the survival time was prolonged. after infection with the less virulent strain k 173 mice could survive the subsequent infection. in these cases levels of parasitemia depended upon the duration of the t. gondii infection. mice infected for about 6 weeks with ... | 1982 | 7047202 |
| heterogeneity in filterability of erythrocytes from malaria (plasmodium berghei)-infected blood. | erythrocytes from plasmodium berghei-infected blood show a decrease in deformability with increasing parasitaemia, as measured by filterability through polycarbonate sieves. a major fraction of cells carrying mature parasites and a smaller fraction carrying ring-stage parasites account for the obstruction of filtration, while the remaining infected cells do not contribute to the decrease in filterability. the relation of filterability to metabolic status in infected cells is discussed. | 1982 | 7047205 |
| adoptive transfer of resistance to plasmodium berghei with spleen cells and serum from fansidar-cured mice. | the ability of splenic leukocytes or serum to transfer immunity to plasmodium berghei was studied in c57bl/6 mice. splenic leukocytes or serum was removed from mice which had been inoculated previously 1 to 4 or 5 times with p. berghei and cured 1 to 4 or 5 times with fansidar (pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine) and transferred to syngeneic recipients 1 or 2 days before parasite challenge. partial protection was observed in recipients of immune serum or unfractionated splenic leukocytes. significan ... | 1982 | 7047391 |
| enhanced resistance to plasmodium berghei in mice previously infected with trichinella spiralis. | infection with trichinella spiralis larvae greatly enhanced the resistance of adult mice against fatal infection with plasmodium berghei given 10 and 30 days after t. spiralis infection. mice infected with t. spiralis had a markedly activated mononuclear phagocytic system and significantly low reticulocyte levels at the time the mice were challenged with p. berghei. therefore, the partially subdued parasitaemia and prolonged survival of trichinella-plasmodium-infected mice may be attributed, in ... | 1982 | 7048209 |
| asynchronous maturation of plasmodium berghei exo-erythrocytic forms in rats. | sporozoites of plasmodium berghei berghei (nk-65 strain) were inoculated intravenously into four-week-old cfn rats. liver biopsies were taken at intervals and the density of exo-erythrocytic forms per mm3 of liver were estimated. results demonstrated asynchronous maturation and the gradual disappearance of exo-erythrocytic forms during the period 48 to 72 hours after infection. | 1982 | 7048651 |
| the present status of malaria chemotherapy: mefloquine, a novel antimalarial. | | 1981 | 7050565 |
| mosquito infectivity is directly related to the proportion of repetitive dna in plasmodium berghei. | a strain of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) was followed during syringe transmission in mice for over 120 passages after the last complete cycle, while the following parameters were monitored: (a) capacity to infect mosquitoes, inducing oocyst formation; (b) presence in the peripheral blood of morphologically identifiable gametocytes; (c) presence of a repetitive component in the dna extracted from intraerythrocytic population. the suggestion of a possible role of this component in gametogenesis came ... | 1982 | 7050700 |
| resistance to superinfection with plasmodium berghei in rats fed a protein-free diet. | the development of resistance to reinfection with plasmodium berghei was studied in rats in which the primary infection had been almost totally suppressed by feeding a protein-free diet (peak parasitaemia 0.5%; patent for only the first four days after inoculation) on days 5, 9, 15, 23 and 28 after primary inoculation groups of animals were challenged with the same strain of parasite. at the same time the diet was changed to that of a 17% casein formula. the development of resistance as judged b ... | 1982 | 7051455 |
| cerebral malaria in inbred mice. i. a new model and its pathology. | plasmodium berghei anka was tested for its usefulness as a model for cerebral malaria in inbred mouse strains a, a2g, a/j, c57l, sjl/j and swr. a suitable model was obtained in a or a/j strain mice. mortality was 100% after five to eight days with brain haemorrhages occurring terminally. the histopathology is described. the model was stable after six blood passages at 5- to 7-day intervals. chloroquine abolished the haemorrhages and no intercurrent viral or blood protozoal infections were detect ... | 1982 | 7051459 |
| culture of the exoerythrocytic liver stages of plasmodium berghei sporozoites in rat hepatocytes. | | 1982 | 7051460 |
| metabolism of babesia parasites in vitro. amino acid production by babesia rodhaini compared to plasmodium berghei. | the in vitro amino acid production by babesia rodhaini, plasmodium berghei and uninfected rat erythrocytes was determined following 4 and 18 h of incubation in krebs ringer medium. both parasites produced excess free amino acid. b. rodhaini produced up to 150 times and p. berghei up to 1,100 times as much free amino acid as parasite-free rat erythrocytes. the composition of excess amino acids produced by both parasites had a statistically significant concordance with the amino acid composition o ... | 1982 | 7052039 |
| surface membrane proteins and glycoproteins of red blood cells from normal and anaemic mice. | 1. the surface membrane proteins of red blood cells from normal, hyperbled or acetylphenylhydrazine-treated balb/c mice and nzb mice of different ages were labelled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination. sialoglyoproteins were labelled by periodate/nab3h4 or galactose oxidase +/- neuraminidase/na3h4 treatments. 2. anaemia produced several changes in radioiodinated proteins. 3. sialoglycoprotein radiolabelling was unchanged, even with over 90% reticulocytosis. 4. decreased periodate/nab3h4 ... | 1982 | 7083822 |
| antimalarials. 14. 5-(aryloxy)-4-methylprimaquine analogues. a highly effective series of blood and tissue schizonticidal agents. | a series of five 5-(aryloxy)-4-methylprimaquine analogues has been prepared and evaluated for antimalarial activity. the compounds were tested for suppressive activity against plasmodium berghei in mice and for radical curative activity against plasmodium cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey. the compounds were not only significantly superior to primaquine as radical curative agents but also were suprisingly highly effective as suppressive agents. | 1982 | 7131488 |
| monoclonal antibodies that protect in vivo against plasmodium chabaudi recognize a 250,000-dalton parasite polypeptide. | twenty monoclonal antibodies have been prepared to the erythrocytes from cba/ca mice infected with the rodent malaria plasmodium chabaudi. by immunofluorescence, 15 of these antibodies recognized parasite antigens expressed only during the development of mature trophozoites to schizonts and merozoites, 2 recognized parasite antigens that were expressed throughout most of the intraerythrocytic cycle, and 3 recognized the membranes of all infected and uninfected erythrocytes. by immunoprecipitatio ... | 1982 | 7141700 |
| synthesis and antimalarial activity of 8-[(1-alkyl-4-aminobutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methylquinolines. | three analogues of the causal prophylactic antimalarial primaquine were prepared and their antimalarial activity was evaluated. 8-[(1-ethyl-4-aminobutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline (2a) demonstrated activity against plasmodium berghei in mice at 20 mg/kg, with all animals cured at 320 mg/kg, and is without toxicity at 640 mg/kg. it also possessed outstanding causal prophylactic activity against plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys at very low dosages. | 1981 | 7205891 |
| folate antagonists. 19. synthesis and antimalarial effects of 6-(arylthio)-2,4-pteridinediamines. | a series of 6-(arylthio)-2,4-pteridinediamines (iiia) was prepared by allowing 6-chloro-2,4-pteridinediamine to react with the requisite benzenethiols in dimethyl sulfone at 190-200 degrees c. attempts at oxidation to the corresponding sulfoxide (iiib) or sulfone (iiic) were unsuccessful. the compounds exhibited a spectrum of antibacterial activity similar to, but below the potency of, the related quinazolinediamines and pteridinediamines. unlike these related types, however, they were devoid of ... | 1981 | 7328591 |
| synthesis of potential inhibitors of hypoxanthine-guaine phosphoribosyltransferase for testing as antiprotozoal agents. 2. 1-substituted hypoxanthines. | evidence incicating that effective in vivo inhibition of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hgprt, ec 2.4.2.8) should produce antiprotozoal activity without significant toxic effects on mammalian hosts prompted syntheses of 1-substituted hypoxanthines bearing functionalized side chains whose groupings might interact with appropriate groupings of hgprt to form covalent bonds or strong hydrophobic bonds. 3-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl, 4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl, 4-chlorobenzoyl, and bromac ... | 1980 | 7420359 |
| decrease in platelet survival and total platelet sialic acid concentration in rats infected with plasmodium bergei bergei. | suckling wistar rats aged 3-5 weeks were infected through their dorsal tail vein with p. berghei berghei passed in swiss albino mice. platelet recovery and platelet survival using 51cr-labelled heterologous platelets obtained from adult wistar rats were determined in the infected animals on different post-infection days and on a group of non-infected rats as controls. total platelet sialic acid was also determined in the same groups of animals. the results showed reduced platelet recovery, short ... | 1995 | 7495199 |
| synthesis and biological activity of novel metal complexes of 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. | 2-acetylpyridine-(2-methylthiosemicarbazone), 2-acetylpyridine-(4-methylthiosemicarbazone), 2-acetylpyridine-(4-phenylthiosemicarbazone) and some of their metal complexes of the platinum group have been synthesized, characterized by chemical and spectral methods and studied for their antibacterial, antifungal and amoebicidal activity in vitro. they were studied also for their antimalarial activity and for toxicity in vivo. the platinum metal chelates exhibited significant activity against a wide ... | 1995 | 7495474 |
| mhc class i h-2kd-restricted antigenic peptides: additional constraints for the binding motif. | the previously defined binding motif of mhc class i h-2kd-restricted antigenic peptides consists of a y residue in position p2 and a hydrophobic residue with a large aliphatic side chain (l, i, or v) in position p9/p10 of optimal 9- or 10-mer peptides. we show now that the presence of a charged or a f residue in position p5 reduces the kd-restricted competitor activity of several cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes and model peptides, at a degree comparable to a substitutions for the p2 or the ... | 1993 | 7505110 |
| effect of recombinant human colony-stimulating factor on the course of parasitaemia in non-lethal rodent malaria. | the effect of repeated subcutaneous injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhg-csf) on the attenuated plasmodium berghei xat infection in cba mice was examined. when mice were injected with rhg-csf daily beginning 2 days before infection, the neutrophil count in the peripheral blood increased 5 times higher than that of control mice and the development of parasitaemia was suppressed significantly during the early phase of the infection. this suppressive effect of ... | 1993 | 7507593 |
| murine malaria: anti-erythrocytic antibodies recognize n-acetyl neuraminic acid residues. | a cell-elisa was developed using monolayers of glutaraldehyde-fixed normal as well as plasmodium berghei-infected mouse erythrocytes for quantification and characterization of anti-erythrocytic autoantibodies in murine malaria. testing normal (nms) and peak parasitaemic sera (pps) on erythrocyte monolayers treated with trypsin, sodium meta periodate, neuraminidase or heat, and competitive inhibition of antibodies with soluble sialic acid, revealed that some anti-erythrocytic antibodies (which in ... | 1993 | 7508418 |
| induction of nitric oxide synthase protects against malaria in mice exposed to irradiated plasmodium berghei infected mosquitoes: involvement of interferon gamma and cd8+ t cells. | exposure of balb/c mice to mosquitoes infected with irradiated plasmodium berghei confers protective immunity against subsequent sporozoite challenge. immunized mice challenged with viable sporozoites develop parasitemia when treated orally with substrate inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (nos). this suggests that the production of nitric oxide (no) prevents the development of exoerythrocytic stages of malaria in liver. liver tissue from immunized mice expressed maximal levels of mrna for indu ... | 1994 | 7516412 |
| antibody-dependent neutrophil-mediated parasite killing in non-lethal rodent malaria. | the effects of administrating recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhg-csf) and passively transferring immune serum on infection with an attenuated variant of plasmodium berghei xat (pb xat), in severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice were examined. in immune competent (c.b-17) mice, the attenuated parasite infection was inevitably self-resolving and degenerating forms inside erythrocytes appeared, coinciding with the drop in parasitaemia, whereas scid mice were unable t ... | 1994 | 7532294 |
| flow cytometry in malaria detection. | | 1994 | 7533245 |
| co-localization of inducible-nitric oxide synthase and plasmodium berghei in hepatocytes from rats immunized with irradiated sporozoites. | both cd8+ t cells and ifn-gamma (ifn-gamma) are important components in the regulation of inducible-nitric oxide synthase (inos) which contribute to liver stage anti-malarial activity in rodents immunized with irradiated sporozoites. ifn-gamma, provided by malaria-specific cd8+ t cells, stimulates liver cells to produce nitric oxide (no) for the destruction of infected hepatocytes or the parasite within these cells. to identify the cell source of inos in livers from brown norway rats challenged ... | 1995 | 7534796 |
| developmental changes in the circumsporozoite proteins of plasmodium berghei and p. gallinaceum in their mosquito vectors. | the circumsporozoite (cs) protein covers the surface of the sporozoite of plasmodia. its role in the development of the malaria parasite in mosquito vectors remains unknown. cs-epitope-containing proteins appear on undifferentiated oocysts on day 7 in plasmodium berghei and on day 5 in p. gallinaceum as demonstrated by indirect fluorescence antibody tests using monoclonal antibodies directed against the cs-protein repeats. the three-dimensional distribution of the cs-epitope-containing proteins ... | 1995 | 7536921 |
| nitric oxide: cytokine-regulation of nitric oxide in host resistance to intracellular pathogens. | to discover how nitric oxide (no) synthesis is controlled in different tissues as cells within these tissues combat intracellular pathogens, we examined three distinctively different experimental murine models designed for studying parasite-host interactions: macrophage killing of leishmania major; nonspecific protection against tularemia (francisella tularensis) by mycobacterium bovis (bcg); and specific vaccine-induced protection against hepatic malaria with plasmodium berghei. each model para ... | 1994 | 7537721 |
| monopalmitic acid-peptide conjugates induce cytotoxic t cell responses against malarial epitopes: importance of spacer amino acids. | cytolytic t cells (ctl) play a critical role in providing protection against the liver stage of malaria infection. previous investigations have shown that induction of ctl against peptide or proteins can be achieved by attachment of lipids. in the present study, we used the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein ctl epitope (syipsaeki (pl76)). this peptide with cysteine-serine (cs) as spacer amino acids was coupled to palmitic acid (pa). the same ctl epitope containing only an extra serine ... | 1995 | 7540640 |
| effect of mosquito age and reproductive status on melanization of sephadex beads in plasmodium-refractory and -susceptible strains of anopheles gambiae. | malaria-refractory and -susceptible strains of the mosquito vector, anopheles gambiae, differ in their response to negatively-charged sephadex cm-25 beads. cm-25 beads elicit a much stronger melanization reaction in refractory mosquitoes than in susceptible mosquitoes. light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic studies documented a progression from early stages with small spots of melanin adhering to cm-25 beads to late stages where spots had grown and coalesced to form a dark dense cap ... | 1995 | 7544819 |
| [relationship between tumour necrosis factor and anemia of malaria]. | in this paper, the relation between the level of the reactive oxygen species (ros) and relevant free radicals in the blood plasma of the balb/c mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka strain and their erythrocytic deformability (ed), and the relation between the ed and the hb indices of these mice were studied by chemiluminescence (cl), induced cl (icl) and laser diffraction method. the results indicated that the ed decreased with the increase of the level of ros and free radicals in blood pl ... | 1995 | 7554164 |
| attenuated immunogenic parasites are essential in the transfer of immunity to virulent plasmodium berghei. | a less virulent parasite of plasmodium berghei k173 was isolated that induced immunity against the more virulent parasite. immunity to this parasite but not to the virulent one, could be transferred by immune spleen cells but not by immune lymph node cells. however, the immune spleen cells did transfer immunity to the virulent strain if accompanied by infection with viable parasites of the less virulent strain, but only if they were allowed to proliferate for a period of 1 week before challenge ... | 1995 | 7558142 |
| subtelomeric structure of plasmodium falciparum chromosomes. | previous studies of subtelomeric regions in plasmodium berghei led to the identification of subtelomeric repeats (2.3kb long) present in a variable number at many chromosomal ends. both loss and increase in 2.3kb-repeat copy number are involved in chromosome-size polymorphisms. subtelomeric losses leading to chromosome-size polymorphisms have been described by several authors in p.falciparum where the structure of subtelomeric regions is not known in detail. we therefore undertook their characte ... | 1994 | 7565127 |
| isolation of a distally located gene possibly correlated with gametocyte production ability. | previous studies were focussed on the attempt to correlate observable variations in the size of plasmodium berghei chromosomes with the loss of ability to produce viable gametocytes. a temporal coincidence between the appearance of a subtelomeric deletion on p. berghei chromosome 5 and the loss of the ability to produce viable gametocytes was observed in a clone (hpe) directly derived from the high gametocyte-producer clone 8417 during mechanical passages. interestingly enough, three p. berghei ... | 1994 | 7565128 |
| attempted isolation of the gene encoding the 21 kd plasmodium berghei ookinete transmission blocking antigen from plasmodium yoelli and plasmodium vivax. | the 21kd ookinete antigen of plasmodium berghei (pbs 21) has been shown to elicit an effective and long lasting transmission blocking immune response in mice. having cloned and sequenced this antigen (paton et al. 1993) the sequence was compared to the genes of the same family previously identified in p. falciparum, p. gallinaceum (kaslow et al. 1989) and p. reichenowi (lal et al. 1990). four conserved areas were identified in this comparison, to which degenerate oligonucleotides were designed. ... | 1994 | 7565129 |
| cd8+ cell activation to a major mastocytoma rejection antigen, p815ab: requirement for tum- or helper peptides in priming for skin test reactivity to a p815ab-related peptide. | delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses, mediated by cd8+ cells and detected by skin test assay, occur in sensitized mice in response to challenge with class i-restricted antigenic peptides of mutagenized (tum-) p815 mastocytoma cells. in contrast, a nonapeptide related to a tumor rejection antigen, p815ab, failed in this study to elicit dth after sensitization of mice with irradiated tumor cells or adoptive transfer of p815ab-pulsed dendritic cells. unresponsiveness, however, could be ove ... | 1995 | 7589074 |
| cd8+ t-cell protective immunity induced by immunization with plasmodium berghei cs protein-derived synthetic peptides: evidence that localization of peptide-specific ctls is crucial for protection against malaria. | immunization of balb/c mice (h-2d) with a mixture of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i- and mhc class ii-restricted synthetic peptides emulsified in incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) induced a high level of specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity. peptides 249-260 or 252-260, derived from the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium berghei and representing a h-2kd-restricted ctl epitope, were injected twice subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in balb/c mice in combination wit ... | 1995 | 7590920 |
| a conserved peptide sequence of the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein and antipeptide antibodies inhibit plasmodium berghei sporozoite invasion of hep-g2 cells and protect immunized mice against p. berghei sporozoite challenge. | minutes after injection into the circulation, malaria sporozoites enter hepatocytes. the speed and specificity of the invasion process suggest that it is receptor mediated. the region ii sequence of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (cs) protein includes a nonapeptide (wspcsvtcg) which is highly conserved in all of the cs proteins sequenced to data, including the one from plasmodium berghei. we have found that two peptides based on the p. falciparum region ii sequence, p18 (ewspcsvtcgngiqvr ... | 1995 | 7591073 |
| efficient binding of reduced peptide bond pseudopeptides to major histocompatibility complex class i molecule. | reduced peptide bond pseudopeptide analogues have been examined for their ability to bind murine class i molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). eight pseudopeptide analogues of an antigenic peptide derived from plasmodium berghei (h-ser252-tyr-ile-pro-ser-ala-glu-lys-ile260-oh) were obtained by systematically replacing one peptide bond at a time by a reduced peptide bond psi (ch2-nh). the resulting analogues were then tested for their binding to a recombinant single chain sc-kd ... | 1995 | 7592803 |
| [casual influence of the stimulation of macrophage production by proteose-peptone, in the experimental infection of mice by plasmodium berghei]. | proteose-peptone is a known powerful stimulator of macrophages. this stimulation was studied in an experimental malaria infection model, using plasmodium berghei in mice. parasitemia and mortality did not change in stimulated animals, and macrophage mobilization, contrary to other published papers, was not effective to increase either parasite levels in the blood or mortality. | 1994 | 7610336 |
| status of hepatic glutathione-s-transferase(s) during plasmodium berghei infection and chloroquine treatment in mastomys natalensis. | plasmodium berghei infection in mastomys natalensis impaired the hepatic mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosolic glutathione-s-transferase(s) activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate. the enzyme activity was concomitantly decreased with rise in parasitaemia. the decreased enzyme activity due to infection was almost normalized with oral treatment of 16 mg (kg body wt)-1 of chloroquine for 4 days. | 1995 | 7622326 |
| expression of the plasmodium berghei ookinete protein pbs21 in a baculovirus-insect cell system produces an efficient transmission blocking immunogen. | a surface protein of plasmodium berghei ookinetes, pbs21, was expressed in a baculovirus-insect cell system in cell culture and in heliothis virescens larvae. groups of balb/c mice received two intraperitoneal inoculations of either i) tris-buffer or homogenized h. virescens larvae infected with wild-type baculovirus; ii) enriched, homogenized ookinetes, or iii) homogenized h. virescens larvae expressing recombinant pbs21 (rpbs21). all animals immunized with ookinetes or with rpbs21 had high tit ... | 1995 | 7624157 |
| plasmodium berghei: implication of intracellular glutathione and its related enzyme in chloroquine resistance in vivo. | glutathione (gsh) plays a critical role in the detoxication and the protection of cells against oxidative stress. in the present study we examined the relationship between the intracellular gsh levels as well as glutathione s-transferase (gst), glutathione reductase (gr), and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) activities and how they relate to plasmodium berghei resistance to chloroquine. resistant strains (cqr30 and cqr60) were selected in vivo from a sensitive strain (nk65). marked increases in gsh ... | 1995 | 7628559 |
| plasmodium berghei: selection of mefloquine-resistant parasites through drug pressure in mosquitoes. | mefloquine is an antimalarial drug with schizonticidal activity on blood-stage parasites. studies of the role of mefloquine on the development of plasmodium berghei anka in anopheles stephensi have been carried out that showed a dose-dependent effect on the sporogonic cycle of these parasites, with changes in the numbers of oocysts and the extent of sporozoite invasion of salivary glands. in this study, we show that mefloquine-resistant p. berghei anka blood stage parasites could be selected thr ... | 1995 | 7628567 |
| activities of extracts and naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids from triphyophyllum peltatum, ancistrocladus abbreviatus and ancistrocladus barteri against plasmodium berghei (anka strain) in vitro. | extracts from three tropical medicinal plant species belonging to the dioncophyllaceae (triphyophyllum peltatum) and the ancistrocladaceae (ancistrocladus abbreviatus and ancistrocladus barteri), and pure naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids derived from these species have been examined for the first time for their activity against asexual blood forms of plasmodium berghei (anka strain) in vitro. these activities were considerable and comparable with those earlier found against erythrocytic forms of p ... | 1995 | 7650949 |
| transgenic mice expressing high levels of soluble tnf-r1 fusion protein are protected from lethal septic shock and cerebral malaria, and are highly sensitive to listeria monocytogenes and leishmania major infections. | mice bearing a transgene coding for a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (tnfr1)-fcigg3 fusion protein and placed under the control of the alpha-1-antitrypsin gene promoter were generated. depending on the mouse line, blood levels of the protein ranged from 25 ng/ml to over 100 micrograms/ml; this level of expression was most often transmitted to the transgene-bearing progeny as a relatively stable feature. high-expressor mice were completely resistant to lipopolysaccharide-induced sh ... | 1995 | 7664802 |
| inhibition of plasmodium berghei liver schizont development and reduction of cytokine production capacity in rats by dietary fish oil supplementation. | experimental primary infection with plasmodium berghei in rats is known to be influenced by several cytokines. dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids has been shown to influence cytokine production capacity and to protect mice from cerebral malaria. we investigated the effect of dietary fish oil (fo) supplementation on cytokine and nitric oxide production and liver schizont development in male brown norway rats. control groups were fed either a corn oil-supplemented diet (co) or standard lab ... | 1995 | 7677226 |
| malaria vaccine: immunization of mice with a synthetic t cell helper epitope alone leads to protective immunity. | the immunogenicity of the non-repetitive sequences of the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (cs) protein was studied using synthetic peptides. two cs sequences (residues 20-39 and 57-70) exhibiting t cell helper activity were identified. immunization of balb/c mice with a branched peptide containing either the 20-39 or the 57-70 sequence and two repeats (b epitope) in a linear sequence induced high titers of anti-repeat and anti-sporozoite antibodies. mice immunized with the t-b construct (hig ... | 1993 | 7679652 |
| common epitopes in the circumsporozoite proteins of plasmodium berghei and plasmodium gallinaceum identified by monoclonal antibodies to the p. gallinaceum circumsporozoite protein. | monoclonal antibodies that react with the circumsporozoite protein of the avian malaria plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites also reacted with circumsporozoite protein of the rodent malaria plasmodium berghei. two types of reactivity were identified: 1) two monoclonal antibodies reacted with p. berghei sporozoite protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot and indirect immunofluorescence antibody, 2) six other monoclonal antibodies reacted with p. berghei sporozoites by elisa and we ... | 1993 | 7681341 |
| flow cytometric screening of blood samples for malaria parasites. | an automated method for the detection and estimation of malaria parasites in blood samples using flow cytometry is presented. in a single-step procedure 50 microliters of blood sample was collected in 1 ml of lysis solution containing formaldehyde, causing red blood cells to lyse while parasites and white blood cells are preserved. thus prepared, samples could be transported and remained stored in lysis solution until flow cytometric analysis was performed. the cells were stained for dna with th ... | 1993 | 7682494 |
| morphological changes of clefts in plasmodium-infected erythrocytes under adverse conditions. | blood infected with human or rodent malaria parasites, plasmodium falciparum or plasmodium berghei, was exposed to higher ph, higher po2, and lower temperature than those used in standard cultivation conditions. parasitized blood was incubated for 20, 25, and 30 min with rpmi 1640 medium, 10% (vol/vol) serum, ph 8.0, at 20 degrees c in the air, conditions which are ultimately lethal to the asexual stages of malarial parasites. markedly dilated clefts were observed in the cytoplasm of the malaria ... | 1993 | 7684707 |
| analysis of micronucleated cells by flow cytometry. 1. achieving high resolution with a malaria model. | micronucleated cells (mn cells) are present in the blood as rare events (i.e. about 2 mn cells/1000 total). scoring mn cells by hand is both time-consuming and tedious, which is the primary reason why only 1000-2000 total cells (pces) are routinely scored for each sample. it is generally recognized that scoring larger numbers of cells would improve assay statistics and is desirable, but impractical with hand-scoring. in contrast, automated scoring methods can process large numbers of cells, thus ... | 1993 | 7692249 |
| analysis of micronucleated cells by flow cytometry. 2. evaluating the accuracy of high-speed scoring. | micronucleated blood cells--whether generated spontaneously or by clastogen treatment--are present in the blood and bone marrow as rare events. historically they have been scored manually by microscopic inspection which is labor-intensive and tedious. it has been recognized by investigators that a need exists for an automated method which can accurately, objectively and quantitatively score rare micronucleated cells. in order to improve assay statistics more cells must be processed, making high- ... | 1993 | 7692250 |
| factors regulating natural transmission of plasmodium berghei to the mosquito vector, and the cloning of a transmission-blocking immunogen. | naturally occurring factors that regulate the infectivity of p. berghei infected rodent hosts to the mosquito vector in vivo have been compared in t.o., balb/c and immunodeficient scid mice. no detectable differences in infectivity were observed suggesting b and t cell mediated factors are not involved. further studies investigated roles for macrophage colony stimulating factors, the cytokines ifn gamma and tnf alpha, of neutrophils, and of nitric oxide in the scid mouse, but have failed to demo ... | 1993 | 7694225 |
| chloroquine encapsulated in malaria-infected erythrocyte-specific antibody-bearing liposomes effectively controls chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei infections in mice. | the suitability of liposomes as drug carriers in the treatment of drug-resistant rodent malaria was examined after covalently attaching f(ab')2 fragments of a mouse monoclonal antibody (mab), mab f10, raised against the host cell membranes isolated from the plasmodium berghei-infected mouse erythrocytes, to the liposome surface. the antibody-bearing liposomes thus formed specifically recognized the p. berghei-infected mouse erythrocytes under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. no such specifi ... | 1995 | 7695303 |
| the effect of chemical substitution on the metabolic activation, metabolic detoxication, and pharmacological activity of amodiaquine in the mouse. | the adverse reactions associated with the antimalarial amodiaquine (aq), agranulocytosis and hepatotoxicity, have been attributed to the bioactivation of the drug to a quinone imine metabolite. therefore the effect of chemical modification on the metabolism of aq was studied, with particular reference to the prevention of bioactivation and the introduction of glucuronidation. glutathione conjugates of aq and desethylaq were eliminated in bile after intraportal administration of [3h]aq (54 mumol/ ... | 1995 | 7714794 |
| chaperonin-like repeats in a 34-kda plasmodium berghei phosphoprotein. | | 1995 | 7731926 |
| long-term survival of plasmodium sporozoites in vitro. | | 1995 | 7731930 |
| maintenance of protective immunity against malaria by persistent hepatic parasites derived from irradiated sporozoites. | immunization of rodents and humans with irradiation-attenuated malaria sporozoites confers preerythrocytic stage-specific protective immunity to challenge infection. this immunity is directed against intrahepatic parasites and involves t cells and interferon gamma, which prevent development of exoerythrocytic stages and subsequent blood infection. the present study was undertaken to determine how protective immunity is achieved after immunization of rodent hosts with irradiated plasmodium berghe ... | 1995 | 7732032 |
| cure with cisplatin (ii) or murine malaria infection and in vitro inhibition of a chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum isolate. | antiplasmodium properties of cisplatin [cis-platinum (ii) diamine dichloride], a neoplastic drug, have been assessed in in vivo and in vitro model systems of malarial parasite. a well-tolerated dose of 6 mg/kg body weight of the compound cured the mice infected with plasmodium berghei and the amount of cisplatin required for in vitro inhibition (ic50) of a chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum isolate was smaller than either chloroquine or quinine. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic ... | 1994 | 7739147 |
| in situ detection of pbs21 mrna during sexual development of plasmodium berghei. | the patterns of expression of ribosomal rna and mrna encoding the parasite surface antigen pbs21 have been investigated during the sexual stages of development of the malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei, using the technique of non-radioactive in situ rna hybridisation. an rna probe complementary to a region of the small subunit of p. berghei ribosomal rna hybridised to parasites at all stages of development in a smear of blood taken from mice infected with p. berghei. messenger rna encoding pbs ... | 1994 | 7739665 |
| differential expression in blood stages of the gene coding for the 21-kilodalton surface protein of ookinetes of plasmodium berghei as detected by rna in situ hybridisation. | the developmentally regulated transcription of the gene encoding the ookinete surface protein, pbs21, has been investigated in the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei, by rna in situ hybridisation using fluorescently labelled dna probes. we used a procedure that will allow the visualisation of cytoplasmic mrna in the parasite and of high copy dna repeats in the nucleus. specific hybridisation to pbs21 mrna occurred in the cytoplasm of female gametocytes, zygotes and ookinetes, while asex ... | 1994 | 7739671 |
| conserved location of genes on polymorphic chromosomes of four species of malaria parasites. | the number of chromosomes and the chromosomal location and linkage of more than 50 probes, mainly of genes, have been established in four species of plasmodium which infect african murine rodents. we expected that the location and linkage of genes would not be conserved between these species of malaria parasites since extensive inter- and intraspecific size differences of the chromosomes existed and large scale internal rearrangements and chromosome translocations in parasites from laboratory li ... | 1994 | 7739674 |
| enhanced depletion of glutathione and increased liver oxidative damage in aflatoxin-fed mice infected with plasmodium berghei. | the effect of dietary aflatoxins b1 and g1 and plasmodium berghei infection on glutathione (gsh) levels and liver status in mice was investigated. three days after intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 x 10(6) parasitized red blood cells into the mice, there was a significant fall in blood glutathione levels accompanied by a significant increase in serum cholinesterase and liver malonic dialdehyde levels in the mice fed aflatoxin compared with those in the control group. the results suggested that ma ... | 1995 | 7747309 |
| use of synthetic peptide libraries for the h-2kd binding motif identification. | to identify kd-binding peptides, an approach based on small peptide libraries has been developed. these peptide libraries correspond to all possible single-amino acid variants of a particular kd-binding peptide, syipsaeyi, an analog of the plasmodium berghei 252-260 antigenic peptide syipsaeki. in the parent sequence, each position is replaced by all the genetically encoded amino acids (except cysteine). the multiple analog syntheses are performed either by the divide couple and recombine method ... | 1995 | 7756754 |
| effect of a cecropin-like synthetic peptide (shiva-3) on the sporogonic development of plasmodium berghei. | the effect of a synthetic cecropin-like peptide, shiva-3, on in vitro ookinete development and on the early sporogonic stages of plasmodium berghei in the midgut of anopheles albimanus was investigated. peptide concentrations of 75 and 100 microm were effective (p < 0.05) in reducing ookinete production and the number of infected mosquitoes in almost all experiments. these peptide concentrations in the midgut were not toxic for the survival of the mosquitoes. complete inhibition was obtained if ... | 1995 | 7758540 |
| plasmodium berghei infection: dichloroacetate improves survival in rats with lactic acidosis. | the kinetics of plasmodium berghei infection and the development of lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and anemia were defined in young wistar rats. this model of metabolic dysfunction, which is similar to that of severe human malaria, was used to test the hypothesis that dichloroacetate, a treatment for lactic acidosis, prolonged survival in rats receiving a single antimalarial dose of quinine (20 mg/kg). rats with hyperlactatemia (lactate > 5 mmol/liter, n = 183) were randomized to receive either ... | 1995 | 7758543 |
| stable transfection of malaria parasite blood stages. | genetic manipulation of malaria parasites would revolutionize the study of this group of pathogens and have implications for vaccine and drug development. this report describes the stable, drug-selectable genetic transformation of the clinically relevant intracellular blood stages of a malaria parasite. a plasmid transfection vector carrying the gene locus that encodes a drug-resistant form of the bifunctional enzyme dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase from the rodent malaria parasite p ... | 1995 | 7761856 |
| characterization of a sporozoite antigen common to plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei. | previous studies demonstrated that immunization with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites protected mice against plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection and that this cross-protection was mediated, at least in part, by anti-sporozoite antibody. the experiments presented in this report show that serum and monoclonal antibodies derived from these protected mice identify a novel 42/54-kda antigen (designated circumsporozoite protein 2 or csp-2) in both p. falciparum and p. berghei sporozoites. anti-cs ... | 1995 | 7770087 |
| detection of 54-kda protein overexpressed by chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei anka strain in pyronaridine-resistant p berghei anka strain. | a 54-kda protein overexpressed by chloroquine-resistant (cr) plasmodium berghei anka strain was first reported by us. this study is conducted to detect the protein in pyronaridine-resistant (pr) p berghei anka strain. | 1995 | 7771189 |
| inhibitory activity of the anti-malarial atovaquone (566c80) against ookinetes, oocysts, and sporozoites of plasmodium berghei. | ookinete formation from mature plasmodium berghei gametocytes in vitro was partially inhibited by 0.05-0.1 microm atovaquone and almost totally blocked at a concentration of 0.25 microm. microgametocyte exflagellation was not affected by atovaquone at concentrations up to 300 microm. ookinete formation was also inhibited in culture when addition of 0.20 microm atovaquone was delayed by 4 hr, by which time dna replication was likely to have been completed. inhibition of ookinete formation by atov ... | 1995 | 7776134 |
| antimalarial activity of novel ring-contracted artemisinin derivatives. | bromoacetal 2 undergoes a novel ring-contracted reaction to give the aldehyde 3 in the presence of dbu or triethylamine. the aldehyde 3 is reduced to the alcohol 4 and oxidized to the carboxylic acid 5. the alcohol 4 reacts with dihydroartemisinin to give the two diastereoisomers 38 and 39. all the compounds were tested for antimalarial activity in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive plasmodium berghei. if the activity of a compound was comparable to that of the standard compound, such as a ... | 1995 | 7783124 |
| characterization of the modes of action of anti-pbs21 malaria transmission-blocking immunity: ookinete to oocyst differentiation in vivo. | the impact of immune sera, and peripheral blood cells (pbc) from mice immunized with plasmodium berghei ookinetes; and of purified immunoglobulin or fab fragments from anti-pbs21 monoclonal antibody 13.1, upon establishment of oocyst infections in the mosquito was studied. infections were initiated either from gametocyte-infected mice, or membrane feeders which contained either gametocytes or mature ookinetes. pbc from ookinete-immunized mice presented with non-immune serum failed to show any tr ... | 1994 | 7800408 |
| the role of free radicals and antioxidative enzymes in erythrocytes and liver cells in the course of plasmodium berghei and plasmodium vinckei infection of mice. | blood schisontocidal test of d0 + d3 type revealed different characteristics of the plasmodium berghei and plasmodium vinckei infection. both types of the rodent plasmodia kill the untreated mice. chloroquine treatment alone does not prevent the death of the p. berghei infected animals and they died at a low level of parasitaemia. the animals cured with chloroquine plus map survive. the infection with p. vinckei produces a high level of parasitaemia and the chloroquine treatment alone prevents t ... | 1994 | 7804719 |
| [histopathologic findings in cd1 albino mice infected with plasmodium berghei in pregnancy. experimental model for pathology of the feto- placental unit in malaria]. | three study groups of pregnant cd1 albino mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with plasmodium berghei on the 6th (group i), 13th (group ii) and 18th (group iii) day of gestation. two control groups were included, one of non pregnant mice (group iv) and the other of pregnant non inoculated mice. group iv was inoculated in the same day of group i. all mice of these two groups died. of the 20 mice in group ii 8 died, 7 delivered prematurely and 5 gave birth of low birth weight offspring. the 15 ... | 1994 | 7808800 |
| immunoliposomes in vivo. | attachment of antibodies to the surface of liposomes was performed to confer specificity for a certain cell or organ expressing the targeted antigenic determinant. these so-called immunoliposomes are expected to be applied as targeted drug carriers. in this article, the literature concerning in vivo studies of the targeting of immunoliposomes to various sites in the body is reviewed. the anatomical, physiological, and pathological constraints and current progress are described. moreover, perspec ... | 1994 | 7820456 |
| modulation of resistance to chloroquine by ascorbic acid and cyproheptadine in plasmodium berghei in vivo. | | 1994 | 7821987 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of some potential antimalarials. | malaria chemotherapy has been well reviewed. malarial parasites gaining resistance is the major problem in the treatment of the disease. some strains are resistant not only to chloroquine but also to amodiaquine. few new drugs are available or foreseen for the near future. the principal metabolite of cinchona alkaloids appears to be oxidized at c-2. this may result in a loss of activity. pinder and burger suggested that a trifluoromethyl group will prevent this oxidation. so 2-tribromomethyl-6-m ... | 1994 | 7826202 |
| cd8 modulation of t-cell antigen receptor-ligand interactions on living cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | thymocytes and class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes express predominantly heterodimeric alpha/beta cd8. by interacting with non-polymorphic regions of mhc class i molecules cd8 can mediate adhesion or by binding the same mhc molecules that interact with the t-cell antigen receptor (tcr) function as coreceptor in tcr-ligand binding and t-cell activation. using tcr photoaffinity labelling with a soluble, monomeric photoreactive h-2kd-peptide derivative ... | 1995 | 7830771 |
| [present status and new approach to anti-parasite therapy]. | new highly effective molecules have been developed for the treatment of human parasites due to the development resistances and newly described types of parasitosis. in man as in animals, chemoresistant strains of parasites are rare, even for plasmodium species where decreased sensibility has been observed basically due to monotherapies given for too short periods. many resistance mechanisms have been elucidated. most antiparasite drugs are metabolized in the liver and alterations in the mitochon ... | 1994 | 7831211 |
| immunization with irradiated plasmodium berghei sporozoites induces il-2 and ifn gamma but not il-4. | protective immunity against plasmodium induced by immunization with irradiated sporozoites (spz) depends on both humoral and cellular responses. although circumsporozoite protein (csp)-specific cytolytic t lymphocyte responses have been established as an effector system, other cell types are required for protection. we have previously demonstrated that although protective immunity and t cell proliferative reactivity to spz are mouse strain- and spz dose-dependent, no correlation between the two ... | 1994 | 7838597 |
| effect of an experimental malaria infection on the metabolism of phenacetin in the rat isolated perfused liver. | 1. the effect of infection with the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei on the metabolism of phenacetin has been investigated in a rat isolated perfused liver preparation. 2. a bolus dose of phenacetin (10 mg) was introduced into the perfusate reservoir of both control (n = 4) and malaria-infected (n = 4) liver preparations, and samples of bile and perfusate were collected (0-4 h) for hplc analysis of phenacetin, paracetamol and its phase ii metabolites. 3. whereas malaria had no effect o ... | 1994 | 7839701 |
| antimalarial activity of cyclosporins a, c and d. | cyclosporin a (csa) is an immunosuppressive drug widely used in organ transplants. it is also accumulated by the erythrocyte, a site that accommodates one of the stages of malaria parasite. we observe that csa and its less potent immunosuppressive analogues csc and csd were as effective as chloroquine in inhibiting p. berghei malaria parasite development in vivo (when administered orally) and p. falciparum parasite in vitro. they were, however, not inhibitory to the liver stages and the gametocy ... | 1994 | 7839946 |
| anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and anti-malarial activities of a west african medicinal plant--picralima nitida. | a preliminary pharmacological screening of the methanolic extract of picralima nitida fruit was carried out. the extract showed potent and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and anti-malarial activities. given intraperitoneally, it inhibited carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema with ic50 of 102mg/kg, and with the highest dose tested (300mg/kg) producing 72.2% inhibition. on the lps-induced pyrexia in rabbits, 50mg/kg of the extract produced a mean percentage antipyrexia of (38.7%) compa ... | 1994 | 7839951 |
| dynamics of telomere turnover in plasmodium berghei. | non-uniform composition in telomeric repeats at the extremities of plasmodium chromosomes was exploited in order to obtain data on intraclonal diversification of telomeric sequences, relevant for the study of telomere regeneration dynamics. families of sibling telomeric clones were obtained from several chromosomal ends of plasmodium berghei, and analysed so as to determine the exact points from which individual clones start to diverge. as much as 90% of the telomeric tract appears to be subject ... | 1994 | 7845395 |
| structure-activity relationships of lactone ring-opened analogs of the antimalarial 1,2,4-trioxane artemisinin. | 1,2,4-trioxane benzylic ethers 8a-e were prepared as simplified, tricyclic versions of the clinically used tetracyclic antimalarial drug artemisinin (1). five additional artemisinin analogs (9-11) were prepared. neither water solubility (analogs 8e and 11b) nor chelating ability (analogs 9 and 10), however, produced trioxanes of especially high in vitro antimalarial activity. trioxane fluorobenzyl ether 8b is the most active in this series (more active than artemisinin) against plasmodium falcip ... | 1995 | 7861408 |
| [effect of trifluoroacetoprimaquine on erythrocytic schizonts of rodent malaria]. | effect of trifluoroacetoprimaquine oxalate (m8506) and primaquine (pq) on blood schizonts of plasmodium berghei were determined using the method of 4-day suppressive test within extended observation period of 60 d. when mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka strain were treated ig with m8506 or pq at a same daily dose of 20 mg/kg for 4 d, the cure rates were 100% and 90%, respectively. the two drugs also showed prominent suppressive effects on chloroquine-resistant p. berghei ns line and pyr ... | 1994 | 7867162 |
| activity of azithromycin as a blood schizonticide against rodent and human plasmodia in vivo. | we compared the efficacy of azithromycin to the clinical antimalarial doxycycline in plasmodium berghei-infected mice and in p. falciparum-infected aotus monkeys. when mice were administered drug orally twice a day for three days, the minimum total dose of azithromycin that cured all mice was 768 mg/kg. doxycycline at a dose of 1,536 mg/kg cured no mice. the efficacy of fast-acting blood schizonticides (quinine, halofantrine, artemisinin) against p. berghei was augmented by azithromycin. in monk ... | 1995 | 7872444 |
| plasmodium berghei: production and quantitation of hepatic stages derived from irradiated sporozoites in rats and mice. | immunization with irradiated-attenuated malaria sporozoites has been shown to protect both rodents and humans against a homologous sporozoite challenge. irradiated-attenuated sporozoites retain their capacity to invade hepatocytes and transform into trophozoites without undergoing complete schizogony. as a result, the minute size of these trophozoites (4-8 microns) makes their detection by conventional microscopy difficult. an additional problem lies in obtaining sufficient quantities of exoeryt ... | 1995 | 7876979 |
| protection against murine cerebral malaria by dietary-induced oxidative stress. | feeding 20% (w/w) menhaden-fish oil in a standard laboratory chow diet for 4 wk partially protected cba/caj mice from the central nervous system consequences of infection with plasmodium berghei (anka). full protection (complete survival for 14 days postinfection) could be obtained by feeding a purified pro-oxidant vitamin e-deficient diet containing 4% (w/w) menhaden oil (mo - ve diet). the purified pro-oxidant mo - ve diet also exerted a pronounced suppressive effect against the parasite (depr ... | 1995 | 7876987 |
| immunoglobulin g2a isotype may have a protective role in plasmodium berghei nk65 infection in immunised mice. | all cba mice that had been immunised by means of four successive inoculations of plasmodium berghei nk65, each inoculation being followed by chemotherapy, survived an intravenous challenge inoculation of parasite, with 4/12 mice developing patent parasitaemia that resolved within 2 weeks. in contrast, all non-immunised control mice died before the 10th day post-challenge. examination of sera for antibodies revealed that the immunised mice, all of which survived the challenge, had significantly h ... | 1994 | 7886031 |
| mechanisms of pyrimethamine resistance in two different strains of plasmodium berghei. | | 1994 | 7891743 |
| plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei: effect of magnesium on the development of parasitemia. | the in vitro growth of plasmodium falciparum was reduced by 35 and 43% through high concentrations (5 mmole/liter) of magnesium in rpmi medium and magnesium-free medium, respectively, after 48 hr, whereas no significant inhibition could be observed under these conditions after 24 hr cultivation in the respective medium. levels of magnesium between 0.5 and 3 mmole/liter showed no inhibitory effect on the in vitro growth of p. falciparum even after long-term exposure for 7 days. the 50 and 90% chl ... | 1995 | 7895830 |
| ro 42-1611 (arteflene), a new effective antimalarial: chemical structure and biological activity. | the discovery of the natural peroxides qinghaosu (arteannuin a, artemisinin) (1) and yingzhaosu a (3) from traditional chinese herbal medicines was a major advance in the search for new antimalarials (fig. 1). whereas qinghaosu can be produced from natural sources and has been well studied, yingzhaosu a has never been available for full evaluation as anti-malarial. we have designed a synthesis of the novel ring system present in yingzhaosu a, the 2,3-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and prepared a seri ... | 1994 | 7899801 |
| antimalarial activity of the bicyclic peroxide ro 42-1611 (arteflene) in experimental models. | the sesquiterpene peroxide ro 42-1611 (arteflene), a synthetic derivative of yingzhaosu, was evaluated extensively against various drug-sensitive and drug-resistant lines of plasmodium falciparum in vitro and p. berghei in vivo in mice. the potential therapeutic and prophylactic activities were studied comparatively with the standard antimalarials chloroquine, mefloquine and quinine, as well as qinghaosu and the derivatives artemether and artesunic acid. experimentally arteflene proved to be a h ... | 1994 | 7899802 |
| experimental cerebral malaria: possible new mechanisms in the tnf-induced microvascular pathology. | in order to contribute to the prevention of malaria morbidity and mortality, especially in endemic zones, we have carried out a series of studies on cytokine interactions in an experimental model of cerebral malaria (cm). this rapidly lethal syndrome develops, in some strains of mice, upon infection with plasmodium berghei anka (pba). a crucial mediator of neurovascular lesions appears to be tnf, found in high amounts in relation with cerebral complications, in both experimental and human cm. in ... | 1995 | 7900436 |
| cell-mediated pathology during murine malaria-associated nephritis. | we have studied the cellular mechanisms involved in the development of nephritis during acute and chronic murine malaria infections induced by plasmodium vinckei petteri and p. berghei respectively. albuminuria and uraemia were observed during the early stages of both types of infection, and were associated with glomerular and interstitial hypercellularity. there was a gradual increase in numbers of cd45+ cells from the early stages of both infections onwards. these infiltrates contained cd4+ an ... | 1993 | 7902786 |
| pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of artelinic acid in rodents. | the efficacy of artelinic acid and artemisinin, orally administered at 10 and 50 mg kg-1 day-1, was compared in plasmodium berghei infected mice. subsequently, the pharmacokinetics of artelinic acid after intravenous, intramuscular, oral and rectal administration of a 20 mg kg-1 aqueous solution to rabbits were studied in a four-way randomized cross-over experiment. after intravenous administration, artelinic acid concentrations in blood plasma were high (c0: 76 +/- 15 mg l-1), and the drug was ... | 1993 | 7903374 |
| tnf-induced microvascular pathology: active role for platelets and importance of the lfa-1/icam-1 interaction. | pathogenic mechanisms of brain microvascular injury were studied in an experimental model of cerebral malaria (cm). the lesion, leading to perivascular microhemorrhages, is due to cytokine overproduction, and is associated with the sequestration of macrophages and parasitized erythrocytes in cerebral venules. in this in vivo model, we demonstrate that platelets are critical effectors of the neurovascular injury. first, electron microscopy indicated that during cm platelets adhere to and probably ... | 1993 | 7910490 |
| changes in brain neurotransmitters in rodent malaria. | changes in brain neurotransmitters [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), norepinephrine, histamine and dopamine] were studied in plasmodium berghei-infected mice and rats. 5-ht and norepinephrine contents of brain decreased significantly in plasmodium berghei-infected mice and rats, but histamine and dopamine contents remained unaltered. decreased 5-ht and norepinephrine contents of brain may play a role in cerebral vasodilatation in malaria. | 1993 | 7913449 |