| drug targets and mechanisms of resistance in the anaerobic protozoa. | the anaerobic protozoa giardia duodenalis, trichomonas vaginalis, and entamoeba histolytica infect up to a billion people each year. g. duodenalis and e. histolytica are primarily pathogens of the intestinal tract, although e. histolytica can form abscesses and invade other organs, where it can be fatal if left untreated. t. vaginalis infection is a sexually transmitted infection causing vaginitis and acute inflammatory disease of the genital mucosa. t. vaginalis has also been reported in the ur ... | 2001 | 11148007 |
| [incidence of genitourinary infection caused by chlamydia trachomatis in a std center calculated by direct antigen detection]. | chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted agents which causes a wide spectrum of diseases including urethritis in men and endocervicitis in women. we analyzed patients with genitourinary c. trachomatis infections evaluating risk factors and the association with other sexually transmitted infections. | 2000 | 11153203 |
| antimycotic activity and phagocytosis effects of econazole in combination with ibuprofen isobuthanolammonium against vaginal strains. | vaginal infections caused by candida spp., other yeasts and trichomonas vaginalis are problematic mainly due to the various factors involved in development of infection and to the failure of common treatments. in this study we investigated the presence of synergistic activity of econazole and ibuprofen isobuthanolammonium against 310 different vaginal isolates, by using the microdilution broth assay to test in vitro antimicrobial activity and the effect of the two drugs on phagocytosis and intra ... | 2000 | 11154035 |
| urine proves a poor specimen for culture of trichomonas vaginalis in women. | | 2001 | 11158705 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: chromatin and mitotic spindle during mitosis. | the mitotic phases and the changes that the chromatin and mitotic microtubules undergo during mitosis in the sexually transmitted parasite trichomonas vaginalis are described. parasites arrested in the gap 2 phase of the cell cycle by nutrient starvation were induced to mitosis by addition of fresh whole medium. [(3)h] thymidine labeling of trichomonad parasites for 24 h showed that parasites have at least four synchronic duplications after mitosis induction. fixed or live and acridine orange (a ... | 2000 | 11162363 |
| effect of the antimicrobial peptide, d-hecate, on trichomonads. | tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis are protozoan parasites that cause sexually transmitted diseases in cattle and humans, respectively. there is a need for new antimicrobial agents to treat or prevent trichomoniasis because there are currently no approved chemotherapeutic agents against t. foetus and resistance of t. vaginalis to metronidazole does occur. therefore, we evaluated the effect of a novel antimicrobial peptide, d-hecate, on the viability of 6 isolates of t. foetus and t. ... | 2000 | 11191917 |
| curable sexually transmitted infections among the clientele of a family planning clinic in istanbul, turkey. | integrating screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections into existing family planning programs can be a good way to fight this problem. also, the number of studies on the prevalence of certain sexually transmitted infections in this population in turkey is limited. | 2001 | 11196049 |
| a novel chemotherapeutic combination for trichomonas vaginalis targeting purine salvage pathways of the parasite. | a novel combination of chemotherapy (dipyridamole/allopurinol) targeting the possible purine salvage mechanisms of trichomonas vaginalis was used in this study. the possible effect of these drugs either individually or in combination, on the multiplication of t. vaginalis in modified tym axenic culture, was assessed on 24 hours intervals. the combination of both drugs at concentrations of 5 microm and 10 microm each showed a potent lethal effect on the parasite and an almost complete inhibition ... | 2000 | 11198371 |
| diterpenoids from azorella yareta and their trichomonicidal activities. | diterpenoids with trichomonicidal activity were isolated from the aerial parts of azorella yareta hauman. one was 13beta-hydroxyazorellane, together with the known constituents mulinolic acid, mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid, azorellanol and 13alpha-hydroxyazorellane. their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. | 2001 | 11219811 |
| systematic review of diagnostic tests for vaginal trichomoniasis. | to review critically and to summarize the evidence of diagnostic tests and culture media for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginitis. | 2000 | 11220487 |
| molecular typing of trichomonas vaginalis isolates by hsp70 restriction fragment length polymorphism. | subtyping isolates of trichomonas vaginalis is an essential tool for understanding the epidemiology of this common sexually-transmitted disease. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis employing a probe from the heat-inducible cytoplasmic hsp70 gene family hybridized with ecor i-digested genomic dna was used in the molecular typing of trichomonas isolates. analysis of five american type culture collection (atcc) reference strains and 31 jackson, mississippi, isolates from six ma ... | 2000 | 11220758 |
| baseline std prevalence in a community intervention trial of the female condom in kenya. | we present baseline sexually transmitted disease (std) prevalence rates from an ongoing intervention trial at kenyan agricultural sites. | 2000 | 11221128 |
| antimicrobial activity of castanopsis acuminatissima. | the methanol extracts of castanopsis acuminatissima leaves, stem and root barks were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). though all of the crude methanolic extracts and obtained fractions from them, showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, in most cases the activity was decreased on fractionation. none was active against tested moulds. | 2001 | 11223229 |
| screening for sexually transmitted diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in peru reveals an absence of chlamydia trachomatis and identifies trichomonas vaginalis in pharyngeal specimens. | to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (stds), we screened 107 human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in peru, where the virus is predominantly sexually transmitted. patients had multiple risk factors for stds, and 38% of women and 50% of men had at least 1 std (gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, herpes simplex, anogenital warts, or syphilis seropositivity). no chlamydial infection was detected, even though infection rates in the general population are 5%-12%. patients rece ... | 2001 | 11229850 |
| differences between coding and non-coding regions in the trichomonas vaginalis genome: an actin gene as a locus model(1). | the sequence of a cloned genomic fragment of trichomonas vaginalis containing a complete actin gene was determined. an uninterrupted open reading frame of 1128 nucleotides was found that codes for an actin gene. two overlapped consensus promoter sequences for t. vaginalis were found 12 nucleotides upstream the actin initiation codon. in addition to actin, two incomplete open reading frames were found at the 5' and 3' ends of the clone. these two sequences are expressed and showed similarity to a ... | 2001 | 11230824 |
| a rural hiv epidemic in zimbabwe? findings from a population-based survey. | the aim of the study was to use population-based data from 689 adults to describe the socio-demographic, behavioural and biomedical correlates of hiv infection and aid identification of effective hiv control strategies for rural zimbabwe. dried blood spot and urine samples were collected for hiv and sexually transmitted disease (std) testing and participants were interviewed on socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour and experience of std symptoms. hiv seroprevalence was 23.3% and wa ... | 2001 | 11231873 |
| prevalence of 5-nitroimidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis in oviedo, spain. | | 2001 | 11234785 |
| infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. | the impact of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) on the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) has been increasingly recognized over the last 20 years. much attention has been focused on human papillomavirus (hpv) and the potential for screening for certain hpv types alongside standard cervical cytology in the hope of identifying those females at particular risk of developing high grade cin or invasive carcinoma. some infections, for example herpes simplex virus (hsv), have be ... | 1999 | 11240764 |
| clinical impact of identifying trichomonas vaginalis on cervicovaginal (papanicolaou) smears. | the purpose of this study was to understand how clinicians manage asymptomatic women after trichomonas has been reported on papanicolaou (pap) smears. clinical information was obtained from questionnaires sent to healthcare providers whenever trichomonas was identified during the study period. trichomonas was identified in 173 (1.4%) of 12,547 pap smears examined. completed questionnaires were returned on 95 (55%) patients, and 92 patients were included in this study. sixty-three (68%) patients ... | 2001 | 11241904 |
| etiology of urethral discharge in west africa: the role of mycoplasma genitalium and trichomonas vaginalis. | to determine the etiological role of pathogens other than neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis in urethral discharge in west african men. | 2001 | 11242818 |
| evolutionary relationships of the glucokinase from the amitochondriate protist, trichomonas vaginalis. | two genes coding for trichomonas vaginalis glucokinase were isolated and sequenced. the putative translation products have molecular masses of 41,584 and 41,772 da, corresponding to 375 and 377 amino acids, respectively. these values agree with data determined by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) for the enzyme purified from the organism. the two sequences showed 78% amino acid identity. the sequences and their phylogenetic reconstruction show that they are memb ... | 2001 | 11250082 |
| [sexual abuse in children: prevention of sexually transmitted diseases]. | when a child suffers from sexual abuse clinical guidelines must be established. there is a risk of infection from the following agents responsible for sexually transmitted diseases: the hepatitis b, hepatitis c and human immunodeficiency viruses, neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, syphilis, herpes simplex virus, bacterial vaginosis, papillomavirus, trichomonas vaginalis and pediculus pubis. therefore, a follow-up with periodic serological monitoring for 1year and immunoprophylaxis or ... | 2001 | 11262256 |
| sequence analysis of genes encoding ribosomal proteins of amitochondriate protists: l1 of trichomonas vaginalis and l29 of giardia lamblia. | two genes encoding the ribosomal proteins were cloned and sequenced from amitochondriate protists, l1 (l10a in mammalian nomenclature) from trichomonas vaginalis and l29 (l35 in mammalian nomenclature) from giardia lamblia. the deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed by sequence alignments and phylogenetic reconstructions. both the t. vaginalis l1 and the g. lamblia l29 displayed eukaryotic sequence features, when compared with all the homologs from the three primary kingdoms. | 1999 | 11269274 |
| sexually transmitted infections and cervicovaginal dysplasia in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-positive women in turin. | the correlation between sexually transmitted infections and cervicovaginal dysplasia has been evaluated in a cohort of 135 women who tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-1) and were admitted to amedeo di savoia hospital of turin during the years 1997 and 1998 (stages b2 and b3 or c2 and c3). of these women. 31 presented with sexually transmitted diseases (stds; mean age, 33.5 +/- 5.9 years). among them, 14 were affected by cervicovaginal dysplasia of differing severity; h ... | 2001 | 11270419 |
| mycoplasma hominis and trichomonas vaginalis symbiosis: multiplicity of infection and transmissibility of m. hominis to human cells. | we recently reported that most trichomonas vaginalis isolates cultured in vitro are infected by mycoplasma hominis. in this work, we have characterized some aspects of the relationships between the two microorganisms. pcr, cultivation, and immunological methods revealed that the number of m. hominis organisms carried by t. vaginalis in culture varied from isolate to isolate, suggesting a specific multiplicity of infection. moreover, infected t. vaginalis isolates were able to pass bacteria not o ... | 2001 | 11271423 |
| loss of multiple hydrogenosomal proteins associated with organelle metabolism and high-level drug resistance in trichomonads. | land, k. m., clemens, d. l., and johnson, p. j. 2001. loss of multiple hydrogenosomal proteins associated with organelle metabolism and high-level drug resistance in trichomonads. experimental parasitology 97, 102-110. in trichomonads, metronidazole is activated to its cytotoxic form in a specialized energy-producing organelle called the hydrogenosome. electron transport components in the organelle, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and ferredoxin, donate a single electron to the drug, converti ... | 2001 | 11281707 |
| sexually transmitted infections among married women in dhaka, bangladesh: unexpected high prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 infection. | to document the prevalence of reproductive tract infections (rti) and sexually transmitted infections (sti) among women attending a basic healthcare clinic in dhaka, bangladesh, to identify risk factors associated with the diseases and to estimate the incidence of syphilis, hepatitis c (hcv), hepatitis b (hbv), and herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) infection. | 2001 | 11287690 |
| aetiology of urethral discharge in bangui, central african republic. | to determine the aetiology of urethritis in bangui, central african republic. | 2001 | 11287692 |
| hydrogenosome morphological variation induced by fibronectin and other drugs in trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus. | the hydrogenosome is a spherical organelle, found in some anaerobic protozoa, which participates in atp and molecular hydrogen formation. the morphological alterations in hydrogenosomes induced by fibronectin, hydroxyurea and cytochalasin b in trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus are presented. we demonstrate that, under experimental conditions, the hydrogenosome presents a high diversity in size and shape, suggesting a mechanism that seems to compensate for the stress provoked by dru ... | 2001 | 11293569 |
| enzyme immunoassay for urogenital trichomoniasis as a marker of unsafe sexual behaviour. | enzyme immunoassay (eia) was used to detect antibodies to trichomonas vaginalis in sera from zimbabwe. the eia showed a sensitivity of 95 and 94% when compared with vaginal swab culture among women attending a family planning clinic (fpc) and female commercial sex workers (csw) respectively. the specificity was 85 and 77% in the two groups. culture-negative fpc women were sub-divided into high risk or low risk of exposure to trichomoniasis. the seroprevalence was 10% (6/61) among low risk women, ... | 2001 | 11293668 |
| host and pathogen interaction during vaginal infection by trichomonas vaginalis and mycoplasma hominis or ureaplasma urealyticum. | vaginal infections by trichomonas vaginalis and mycoplasma hominis have been shown to be associated. since m. hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum are similar pathogens, both belonging to the class of the mycoplasmata, we describe here a molecular study into the interdependence of u. urealyticum and t. vaginalis during infection. susceptibility towards infection by u. urealyticum depends on genetic polymorphism in the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) gene. now, we defined the relation be ... | 2001 | 11295198 |
| antimicrobial activity of omalanthus nervosus. | the ethanol extracts of omalanthus nervosus leaves, stem and root barks, were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). in respect to crude extracts, all fractions demonstrated broader spectrum and higher levels of antibacterial activity, ethyl acetate fractions being in all cases the more active. no fraction was active against tested moulds. | 2001 | 11295305 |
| antimicrobial activity of harpullia ramiflora. | the methanol extracts of harpullia ramiflora, leaves, flowers, stem and root barks were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). in respect to crude extracts, all fractions demonstrated broader spectrum and higher levels of antibacterial activity. the ethyl acetate fraction of the flowers exhibited the highest activity. no activity was shown against the tested moulds. | 2001 | 11295311 |
| predictors of the vaginal microflora. | our purpose was to define influences on the patterns of the vaginal microflora. | 2001 | 11303191 |
| antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent post-abortal upper genital tract infection in women with bacterial vaginosis: randomised controlled trial. | to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in women undergoing first trimester suction termination of pregnancy and to evaluate the efficacy of metronidazole in reducing the risk of post abortal pelvic infection in women with bacterial vaginosis. | 2001 | 11305547 |
| acidic glycerol lipids of trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus. | the isolation and characterization of acidic lipids from both trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus have been carried out using radiolabeling, a combination of high performance liquid and thin layer chromatographic techniques, and mass spectrometry. unique among the eukaryotes, these organisms produce phosphatidylglycerols and o-acyl phosphatidylglycerol-like compounds. in this study, the molecular weight distributions of the phosphatidylglycerols and acyl phosphatidylglycerols were de ... | 2001 | 11308025 |
| nitroimidazole-resistant vaginal trichomoniasis treated with paromomycin. | a 33-year old woman with nitroimidazole-resistant vaginal trichomoniasis is described. she was treated with intravaginal paromomycin (500 mg daily for 2 days). this cured the trichomoniasis but resulted in severe local side effects. paromomycin may be useful for difficult cases of nitroimidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis. the exact dosage still has to be determined. | 2001 | 11311775 |
| purification of n-acetyl-beta-d-hexosaminidase from trichomonas vaginalis. | | 2001 | 11312579 |
| effect of iron on the virulence of trichomonas vaginalis. | the role of iron was evaluated with respect to the virulence of trichomonas vaginalis in mice. iron-supplemented and iron-depleted diamond's trypticase-yeast extract-maltose (tym) media were prepared by adding 360 microm of ferrous sulfate and 100 microm of 2,2'-dipyridyl. trophozoites cultivated from normal tym and iron-supplemented tym media produced subcutaneous abscesses; however, trichomonads grown in an iron-deficient tym medium failed to produce any pathology. in addition to the increased ... | 2001 | 11318588 |
| the burden of reproductive-organ disease in rural women in the gambia, west africa. | data on the epidemiology of reproductive-organ morbidity are needed to guide effective interventions, to set health-care priorities, and to target future research. this study aimed to find out the prevalence of reproductive-organ disease in a sample of rural gambian women. | 2001 | 11323043 |
| [microbiologic profile in symptomatic pregnant women's genital secretions in gran buenos aires, argentina]. | establish the prevalence of microorganisms associated with genital colonization in symptomatic pregnant women. in order to review the evolution of frequent pathogens ecology and adjust the laboratory design, in a population attended at the public health hospital, in the great buenos aires. | 2001 | 11333586 |
| [trichomonas vaginalis: treatment and resistance to nitroimidazoles]. | | 2001 | 11333589 |
| trichomonas vaginalis has two fibronectin-like iron-regulated genes. | trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite of the human urogenital tract, interacts with fibronectin (fn), a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix. we, therefore, attempted to identify genes of this eukaryote encoding fn-binding proteins. | 2001 | 11343805 |
| an evaluation of infectious diseases in cervicovaginal smears from patients with atypical cells of undetermined significance. | despite all studies of infectious disease of the female genital tract, there have been a few studies of the many different types of infectious organisms on pap smears that contain abnormal cells. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the significance of infectious organisms in women with a cytologic diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus). this study utilizes 398 cervicovaginal smears and concurrent cervical biopsies (test and control cases) obtained from the ... | 2001 | 11347382 |
| trifluoromethionine, a prodrug designed against methionine gamma-lyase-containing pathogens, has efficacy in vitro and in vivo against trichomonas vaginalis. | methionine gamma-lyase, the enzyme which catalyzes the single-step conversion of methionine to alpha-ketobutyrate, ammonia, and methanethiol, is highly active in many anaerobic pathogenic microorganisms but has no counterpart in mammals. this study tested the hypothesis that this pathogen-specific enzyme can be exploited as a drug target by prodrugs that are exclusively activated by it. trifluoromethionine was confirmed as such a prodrug and shown to be highly toxic in vitro to the anaerobic pro ... | 2001 | 11353620 |
| drug susceptibility testing of anaerobic protozoa. | a simple technique for routine, reproducible global surveillance of the drug susceptibility status of the anaerobic protozoa trichomonas, entamoeba, and giardia is described. data collected using this technique can be readily compared among different laboratories and with previously reported data. the technique employs a commercially available sachet and bag system to generate a low-oxygen environment and log(2) drug dilutions in microtiter plates, which can be monitored without aerobic exposure ... | 2001 | 11353630 |
| sexual behavior among adolescent women at high risk for sexually transmitted infections. | the temporal pattern of partners and sexual encounters may be key factors in the acquisition and transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (stds). behavior among adolescent women is of particular interest because they frequently have the highest prevalence and incidence of infection. | 2001 | 11354261 |
| using self-administered tampons to diagnose stds. | the new nucleic acid amplification techniques (e.g., lcr and pcr) have allowed the introduction of non- and minimally-invasive techniques for the detection of sexually transmitted diseases (stds). in this article, we describe one of these-the self-administrated tampon method-which we have used to detect the presence of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis, and human papillomavirus in women. | 1998 | 11361882 |
| bacterial vaginosis among a group of married jordanian women: occurrence and laboratory diagnosis. | a total of 310 vaginal swabs collected from a group of married jordanian women complaining of vaginal discharge were examined for bacterial vaginosis. the scoring system of nugent for the interpretation of gram staining was employed. this system revealed the presence of the condition in 29.7% of patients. results obtained using the scoring system correlated significantly with the detection of clue cells and the scarcity of white blood cells in the vaginal discharge. an inverse relationship was f ... | 2001 | 11368266 |
| evaluation of genetic damage induced by a nitroimidazole derivative in human lymphocytes: tinidazole (tnz). | one of the useful drugs in the treatment against infestations caused by trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia is tinidazole (tnz) 1-[2-(ethylsulfonyl) ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole) (gilman r.h., marquis g.s., miranda e., vestegui m., martinez h., 1988. rapid reinfection by giardia lamblia after treatment in a hyperendemic third world community. lancet i, 343-345). we decided to evaluate the potential genetic damage induced by tnz using different biological biomarke ... | 2001 | 11377093 |
| self-obtained vaginal swabs for diagnosis of treatable sexually transmitted diseases in adolescent girls. | to ascertain the acceptability of testing and prevalence of 3 readily treatable sexually transmitted diseases (stds) (infections with neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, and trichomonas vaginalis) with the use of patient-obtained vaginal swabs. | 2001 | 11386956 |
| phagocytosis of erythrocytes by trichomonas vaginalis: examination of a cervicovaginal smear. | | 2001 | 11391827 |
| molecular evidence for a fe-hydrogenase in the green alga scenedesmus obliquus. | fe-hydrogenase-specific degenerate primers were used in polymerase chain reactions with single-stranded scenedesmus obliquus cdna as template. a resulting 435-bp fragment was used to screen a cdna library from s. obliquus. a 1.6-kb cdna clone, containing the 3'-end of an open reading frame, was obtained. its deduced amino acid sequence contains the conserved h-cluster motives unique for fe-hydrogenases. any other fes-clusters seem to be absent. phylogenetically, the enzyme is closely related to ... | 2001 | 11400057 |
| a mobile phone text message and trichomonas vaginalis. | | 2001 | 11402245 |
| self-collection of vaginal swabs for the detection of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis: opportunity to encourage sexually transmitted disease testing among adolescents. | many sexually transmitted diseases (stds) are prevalent among adolescents, yet compliance to undergo std testing by this population is suboptimal. efforts to enhance compliance with testing among at-risk youth are needed. | 2001 | 11403188 |
| occurrence of trichomoniasis in women in denmark, 1967-1997. | the neisseria unit at statens serum institut (ssi), copenhagen, denmark administers laboratory surveillance systems for gonorrhea and chlamydia, however, no similar system has been available for trichomoniasis. | 2001 | 11403189 |
| characterisation of an atp diphosphohydrolase (apyrase, ec 3.6.1.5) activity in trichomonas vaginalis. | in the present report the enzymatic properties of an atp diphosphohydrolase (apyrase, ec 3.6.1.5) in trichomonas vaginalis were determined. the enzyme hydrolyses purine and pyrimidine nucleoside 5'-di- and 5'-triphosphates in an optimum ph range of 6.0--8.0. it is ca(2+)-dependent and is insensitive to classical atpase inhibitors, such as ouabain (1 mm), n-ethylmaleimide (0.1 mm), orthovanadate (0.1 mm) and sodium azide (5 mm). a significant inhibition of adp hydrolysis (37%) was observed in the ... | 2001 | 11403767 |
| antiprotozoal activity of neurolaena lobata. | extracts, fractions and sesquiterpene lactones from neurolaena lobata (l.) r. br. (asteraceae), a traditional medicinal plant from guatemala, were tested in vitro against leishmania spp. promastigotes, trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and epimastigotes and trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites. the ethanol extract inhibited the parasite growth of l. mexicana, t. cruzi and t. vaginalis significantly. the pure germacranolides 1 and a mixture of 2 and 3, isolated from the ethonal extract, were highly ... | 2001 | 11406857 |
| construction and bootstrap analysis of dna fingerprinting-based phylogenetic trees with the freeware program freetree: application to trichomonad parasites. | the win95/98/nt program freetree for computation of distance matrices and construction of phylogenetic or phenetic trees on the basis of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), rflp and allozyme data is presented. in contrast to other similar software, the program freetree (available at http://www.natur.cuni.cz/~flegr/programs/freetree or http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/content/vol51/issue3/) can also assess the robustness of the tree topology by bootstrap, jackknife or operational taxonomic unit-ja ... | 2001 | 11411692 |
| unusual diversity in alpha-amanitin sensitivity of rna polymerases in trichomonads. | previous studies in the parasitic protist trichomonas vaginalis have revealed that protein coding genes are transcribed by an alpha-amanitin-resistant rna polymerase (rnap) ii. to investigate whether this unusual property is a general characteristic of trichomonads, we addressed the physiology of rna synthesis in lysolecithin-permeabilized cells. unlike in t. vaginalis, rnap ii in tritrichomonas foetus was highly sensitive to the inhibitor alpha-amanitin. on the other hand, rnap iii, identified ... | 2001 | 11420110 |
| use of intravaginal microbicides to prevent acquisition of trichomonas vaginalis infection in lactobacillus-pretreated, estrogenized young mice. | d2a21, a novel peptide antibiotic has in vitro activity against a wide spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases (std). in this study we tested the hypothesis that intravaginal d2a21 would interfere with acquisition of trichomonas vaginalis infection in a modified mouse model. t. vaginalis infections of estrogenized young mice pretreated with lactobacillus vaginalis or lactobacillus rhamnosus were more frequent and persistent than those in mice pre-treated with lactobacillus gasseri or lactobaci ... | 2000 | 11421379 |
| enzymes on microbial pathogens and trichomonas vaginalis: molecular mimicry and functional diversity. | | 2001 | 11422079 |
| factors associated with nucleic acids related to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cervico-vaginal secretions. | to assess hiv-related nucleic acids in cervico-vaginal secretions and the factors associated with them. | 2001 | 11426900 |
| antimicrobial activity of cassia alata. | the methanol extracts of leaves, flowers, stem and root barks of cassia alata showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. the activity was increased on fractionation (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate), the dichloromethane fraction of the flower extract being the most effective. no activity was shown against tested moulds. | 2001 | 11429256 |
| antimicrobial activity of clematis papuasica and nauclea obversifolia. | the methanol extracts of clematis papuasica leaves and stem bark and of nauclea obversifolia leaves, stem and root barks showed awide spectrum of antibacterial activity which was increased on fractionation (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate), the ethyl acetate fractions being in all cases the most effective. none of the extractives was active against tested moulds. | 2001 | 11429260 |
| ornidazole-induced autoimmune hepatitis. | ornidazole is a commonly prescribed antiparasitic drug for parasitic infestations, including amoebiasis, giardiasis and trichomonas vaginalis. several cases of antibiotic-induced autoimmune hepatitis (aih) or aih-like syndrome have been reported recently. in this report, we describe a 35-year-old woman with two relapses of aih induced by ornidazole prescribed for diarrhoea and vaginal infection. | 2001 | 11434605 |
| prevalence of metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis in a gynecology clinic. | to determine the prevalence of in vitro resistance to metronidazole among unselected isolates of trichomonas vaginalis and correlate in vitro findings with response to metronidazole therapy. | 2001 | 11441678 |
| methionine regeneration and aspartate aminotransferase in parasitic protozoa. | aspartate aminotransferases have been cloned and expressed from crithidia fasciculata, trypanosoma brucei brucei, giardia intestinalis, and plasmodium falciparum and have been found to play a role in the final step of methionine regeneration from methylthioadenosine. all five enzymes contain sequence motifs consistent with membership in the ia subfamily of aminotransferases; the crithidial and giardial enzymes and one trypanosomal enzyme were identified as cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferases ... | 2001 | 11443076 |
| transcriptome meets metabolome: hierarchical and metabolic regulation of the glycolytic pathway. | the fact that information flows from dna to rna to protein to function suggests that regulation is 'hierarchical', i.e. dominated by regulation of gene expression. in the case of dominant regulation at the metabolic level, however, there is no quantitative relationship between mrna levels and function. we here develop a method to quantitate the relative contributions of metabolic and hierarchical regulation. applying this method to the glycolytic flux in three species of parasitic protists, we c ... | 2001 | 11445079 |
| sexually transmitted infections and reproductive health in azerbaijan. | little is known about the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (stis) and about sexual and reproductive health in central and eastern europe. however, it is clear that major epidemics of stis currently exist. | 2001 | 11460020 |
| metronidazole-resistant strains of trichomonas vaginalis display increased susceptibility to oxygen. | susceptibility to oxygen and properties relative to oxygen metabolism were compared in metronidazole-resistant and susceptible strains of trichomonas vaginalis. the study involved clinical isolates displaying the aerobic type of resistance, as well as resistant strains developed in vitro, both with aerobic (mr-3) and anaerobic (mr-5, mr-100) resistance. elevated sensitivity to oxygen of the resistant clinical isolates was observed. progressive increase of susceptibility to oxygen also accompanie ... | 2001 | 11467782 |
| phylogenetic relationships of class ii fumarase genes from trichomonad species. | class ii fumarase sequences were obtained by polymerase chain reaction from five trichomonad species. all residues known to be highly conserved in this enzyme were present. nuclear run-on assays showed that one of the two genes identified in tritrichomonas foetus was expressed, whereas no fumarase transcripts were detected in the related species trichomonas vaginalis. these findings corroborate previous biochemical data. fumarase genes were also expressed in monocercomonas sp. and tetratrichomon ... | 2001 | 11470849 |
| validity of self-reported sexually transmitted diseases among african american female adolescents participating in an hiv/std prevention intervention trial. | studies assessing the validity attributed to self-reported measures of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) clearly are needed, particularly those used for high-risk populations such as female adolescents, in whom std prevention is a priority. | 2001 | 11473220 |
| immunolocalization of tubulin isoforms and post-translational modifications in the protists tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis. | in the present report we show the distribution of multiple tubulin isoforms in trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus, flagellated parasitic protists of the urogenital tracts of human and cattle, respectively, using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. we used several monoclonal and polyclonal anti-tubulin antibodies from different sources and recognizing variant tubulin isoforms. our results demonstrate that: (1) there is a heterogeneous distribution of the different tubul ... | 2001 | 11479719 |
| subsequent sexually transmitted infection in urban adolescents and young adults. | to compare the rates of subsequent infection with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, or trichomonas vaginalis in a group of high-risk adolescents and young adults. | 2001 | 11483124 |
| midtrimester vaginal mycoplasma genitalium in women with subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. | we sought to determine the midtrimester prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium in women who had subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. | 2001 | 11483922 |
| evaluation of two self-care treatments for prevention of vaginal candidiasis in women with hiv. | vaginal candidiasis (vc) is a common concern for women living with hiv infection. the authors evaluated the effectiveness of two self-care approaches to prophylaxis of vc among hiv-infected women, weekly intravaginal application of lactobacillus acidophilus or weekly intravaginal application of clotrimazole tablets, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. vc was defined as a vaginal swab positive for candida species in the presence of signs/symptoms of vaginitis and the absence ... | 2001 | 11486720 |
| sexually transmitted infections in estonia--syndromic management of urethritis in a european country? | sexually transmitted infections (stis) are considered a major public health problem, globally. in particular, increasing sti rates have been documented throughout eastern europe and central asia. the russian federation and adjacent countries have, traditionally, managed stis on an aetiological basis. this approach is expensive in terms of laboratory costs and it may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. to overcome the limitations of the aetiological management of stis, the world health organ ... | 2001 | 11487388 |
| binding of fibronectin by trichomonas vaginalis is influenced by iron and calcium. | we have reported that trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of the most common, non-viral sexually transmitted disease, bound to cover slips coated with fibronectin (fn) (crouch & alderete, microbiol 1999 145: 2835-43). in this study, we extend that observation by showing that fn binding is specific, and we present data on the requirements of fn binding by t. vaginalis. immunofluorescence and immuno-gold labelling readily detected fn throughout the trichomonal surface. parasites bound to(12 ... | 2001 | 11500098 |
| prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis and human papillomavirus) in female attendees of a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in ulaanbaatar, mongolia. | epidemiological data suggest that the prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhea and trichomoniasis has increased in both urban and rural areas of mongolia. these data are primarily substantiated by notifications of cases of clinically apparent disease in both rural and urban areas, plus laboratory diagnoses from the aids/std reference center, ulaanbaatar. in the past 5 years, however, there has been a marked decline in the total number of patients being screened for sexually transmitted infections (stis ... | 2001 | 11516062 |
| metronidazole treatment of women with a positive fetal fibronectin test result. | eighty-nine women with either bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis, or both, who also had a positive fetal fibronectin test result were randomized to two courses of metronidazole treatment as part of a maternal-fetal medicine network units study of the national institute of child health and human development. in this subgroup analysis, compared with the placebo group, women who were treated with metronidazole had a nonsignificant reduction in spontaneous preterm birth from 14.6% to 8.3%. | 2001 | 11518914 |
| failure of metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery among pregnant women with asymptomatic trichomonas vaginalis infection. | infection with trichomonas vaginalis during pregnancy has been associated with preterm delivery. it is uncertain whether treatment of asymptomatic trichomoniasis in pregnant women reduces the occurrence of preterm delivery. | 2001 | 11519502 |
| evaluation of the affirm ambient temperature transport system for the detection and identification of trichomonas vaginalis, gardnerella vaginalis, and candida species from vaginal fluid specimens. | the objective of this study was to measure the performance of the affirm ambient temperature transport system (atts) over time and to estimate the length of time the system can preserve a vaginal specimen containing the three common organisms causing vaginitis: trichomonas vaginalis, candida species, and gardnerella vaginalis (one of the causative agents of bacterial vaginosis). women with symptoms of vaginitis presenting to one of three clinical centers were evaluated over a 4- to 8-week period ... | 2001 | 11526150 |
| correlation between urine and cervical specimens for the detection of cervical chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae using ligase chain reaction in a cohort of hiv infected and uninfected adolescents. | (a) to examine the concordance between ligase chain reaction (lcr) results from urine and cervical samples for chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in hiv infected and uninfected adolescent women, and (b) to examine factors that may influence the concordance of lcr results in this population. | 2001 | 11530308 |
| anti-microbial activity of bidens pilosa, bischofia javanica, elmerillia papuana and sigesbekia orientalis. | the ethanol extracts of bidens pilosa (whole plant), bischofia javanica (leaves), elmerillia papuana (root bark) and sigesbekia orientalis (whole plant) were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). the crude ethanolic extracts and all the obtained fractions showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, the ethyl acetate fractions and the petrol fraction of e. papuana being the most effective. no activity was observed against the tested moulds. | 2001 | 11543964 |
| antimicrobial activity of lithocarpus celebicus. | the methanol extracts of leaves, stem and root barks of lithocarpus celebicus showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity which was increased on fractionation (petrol, dichloromethane, ethylacetate), particularly in the ethyl acetate fraction of the stem bark and petrol fraction of the root bark. none of the extractives was active against tested moulds. | 2001 | 11543975 |
| mitochondrial type iron-sulfur cluster assembly in the amitochondriate eukaryotes trichomonas vaginalis and giardia intestinalis, as indicated by the phylogeny of iscs. | pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent cysteine desulfurase (iscs) is an essential enzyme in the assembly of fes clusters in bacteria as well as in the mitochondria of eukaryotes. although fes proteins are particularly important for the energy metabolism of amitochondrial anaerobic eukaryotes, there is no information about fes cluster formation in these organisms. we identified and sequenced two iscs homologs of trichomonas vaginalis (tviscs-1 and tviscs-2) and one of giardia intestinalis (giiscs). tv ... | 2001 | 11557797 |
| preliminary studies on target antigens for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection. | trichomonas vaginalis, a parasitic protozoa residing in the human urogenital tract, causes one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, trichomoniasis. clinical diagnosis of t. vaginalis infection mainly involves a wet-mount microscopic examination, and a culture method, and both of which are either laborious or time-consuming. an immunodiagnostic strategy is under development, which is based on the fact that t. vaginalis releases various protein factors, notably proteinases, into the c ... | 1999 | 11561565 |
| tinidazole therapy for metronidazole-resistant vaginal trichomoniasis. | treatment of patients with metronidazole-refractory vaginal trichomoniasis constitutes a major therapeutic challenge, and treatment options are extremely limited. although the majority of patients infected with trichomonads, who demonstrate reduced in vitro susceptibility to metronidazole, respond to high-dose but poorly tolerated regimens of metronidazole, clinical failure is by no means uncommon. we report a cure rate of 22 (92%) of 24 patients with refractory trichomoniasis treated with high ... | 2001 | 11565074 |
| evaluation of use of a single intravaginal swab to detect multiple sexually transmitted infections in active-duty military women. | the accuracy and suitability of use of a single intravaginal swab (sis) for polymerase chain reaction detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, and human papillomavirus infection was assessed in a cross-sectional study of 841 active-duty military women. the sis, compared with standard diagnostic tests, allowed detection of more gonorrhea, more chlamydial infection, and more trichomoniasis. sensitivity and specificity of sis detection compared with adjudica ... | 2001 | 11568849 |
| [spectrum of microflora isolated from various areas of the female reproductive tract]. | the composition of microflora in different sections of the reproductive tract of women with disturbances of reproductive function was studied. the study revealed that the spectrum of microorganisms isolated from a bioptic specimen taken from the cavity of the small pelvis was narrower in comparison with such spectrum in material aspirated from the uterine cavity. the latter was narrower in comparison with that in the microflora of the lower sections of the reproductive tract. the possibility for ... | 2001 | 11569275 |
| a historic photomicrograph of a parasite (trichomonas vaginalis). | knowing that alfred donné was the discoverer of an important human parasite, and finding that he was also a pioneer of photomicrography, it occurred to me that his parasite might well have become a subject of his photography. it was a simple matter to confirm that this was indeed the case. the parasite he discovered was trichomonas vaginalis; and, in collaboration with foucault, donné made a photomicrograph showing several protozoan parasites lying among vaginal epithelial cells. his publication ... | 2001 | 11587965 |
| [frequency of gardnerella vaginalis vaginosis and its association with other pathogens causing genital infections in the female]. | in order to determine the presence of unspecific vaginosis and their causes, 700 vaginal smears were obtained from patients assisting to the clinical laboratory of the familiar medicine unit no. 28 "gabriel mancera" of the instituto mexicano del seguro social, during 6 months. the patients age was from 18 to 55 years old. to establish the infectious etiology of these pathologies the vaginal smears were observed freshly and stained by gram's method. specific test for differentiate gardnerella vag ... | 2001 | 11588810 |
| [metronidazole]. | metronidazole was first introduced for the treatment of trichomoniasis. now, its therapeutics use has subsequently been expanded to include protozoal and anaerobic infections. oral administration is recommended: rosacea, perioral dermatitis, helicobacter pylori, trichomonas vaginalis and giardia lamblia infections and bacterial vaginosis. metronidazole given orally is absorbed almost completely. metronidazole has limited plasma protein binding but can reach very favourable tissue distribution, i ... | 2001 | 11590342 |
| initiator recognition in a primitive eukaryote: ibp39, an initiator-binding protein from trichomonas vaginalis. | while considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of transcription in higher eukaryotes, transcription in single-celled, primitive eukaryotes remains poorly understood. promoters of protein-encoding genes in the parasitic protist trichomonas vaginalis, which represents one of the deepest-branching eukaryotic lineages, have a bipartite structure with gene-specific regulatory elements and a conserved core promoter encompassing the transcription start site. core promoters in ... | 2001 | 11604521 |
| structure and division of the golgi complex in trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus. | we present observations on the fine structure and the division process of the golgi complex in the protists trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus, parasites of the urogenital tract of humans and cattle, respectively. the golgi in trichomonads is a prominent structure, associated with striated parabasal filaments to which this organelle seems to be connected. we followed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy the golgi in interphasic and mitotic cells. ultrastructural studies wer ... | 2001 | 11675935 |
| taqman-based detection of trichomonas vaginalis dna from female genital specimens. | a double-labeled fluorescent probe was designed and evaluated for detecting trichomonas vaginalis dna in a 5' nuclease (taqman) assay. the t. vaginalis-specific probe contains a 5'-fluorescein (5'-fam) and a 3'-rhodamine (tamra) derivative. female genital secretions were collected on amplicor (roche molecular, indianapolis, ind.) swabs and by a transport system used for chlamydia trachomatis and/or neisseria gonorrhoeae dna detection by pcr. five hundred fifty-two female genital specimens, of wh ... | 2001 | 11682492 |
| ecological and individual level analysis of risk factors for hiv infection in four urban populations in sub-saharan africa with different levels of hiv infection. | to identify factors that could explain differences in rate of spread of hiv between different regions in sub-saharan africa. | 2001 | 11686462 |
| the epidemiology of gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection and syphilis in four african cities. | to compare the epidemiology of gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection and syphilis in four cities in sub-saharan africa; two with a high prevalence of hiv infection (kisumu, kenya and ndola, zambia), and two with a relatively low hiv prevalence (cotonou, benin and yaoundé, cameroon). | 2001 | 11686469 |
| the epidemiology of trichomoniasis in women in four african cities. | to describe the epidemiology of trichomonas vaginalis infection and its association with hiv infection, in women in four african cities with different levels of hiv infection. | 2001 | 11686470 |