| distribution of metronidazole susceptibility factors in obligate anaerobes. | the distribution of metronidazole susceptibility factors in clinically important bacteria was studied to determine why obligate anaerobes were susceptible to metronidazole and facultative ones were not. with obligate and facultative anaerobes, nitroreductase activity, metronidazole uptake, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity and drug susceptibility were estimated. nitroreductase activity was distributed in the obligate anaerobes and some facultative ones such as streptococcus faecalis. p ... | 1986 | 3804881 |
| oral ciprofloxacin therapy of infection caused by multiply resistant bacteria other than pseudomonas aeruginosa. | of 125 patients treated with ciprofloxacin at the columbia-presbyterian medical center, new york, 34 had infections due to bacteria other than pseudomonas aeruginosa. the mean age of the patients was 50 years (19-88 years) and most had significant underlying disease. there were nine lower respiratory infections, eight urinary tract infections, eight soft tissue infections, three osteomyelitis, and three intra-abdominal infections. the pathogens were: escherichia coli, 7 (mean mic 0.07 mg/l); ser ... | 1986 | 3804906 |
| serious infectious complications of open-heart surgery. | serious infectious complications of open-heart surgery in 521 adults who underwent 534 open-heart procedures are reviewed. bacteremia complicated seven (1.3%) of the procedures, carditis six (1.1%) and deep sternal wound infections nine (1.7%). the overall rate of these infections was 4.1% with an associated death rate of 11.7% (2 of 17). with respect to the risk of this complication, no differences were noted in the age of the patients, duration of surgery or perioperative prophylaxis with ceph ... | 1987 | 3828905 |
| evaluation of aztreonam in the treatment of severe bacterial infections. | we investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of aztreonam in the treatment of 50 episodes of infection in 46 adult patients. the clinical condition of patients at the beginning of treatment was critical or poor in 28 of the episodes of infection. episodes treated were 39 urinary tract infections (12 of them with concomitant bacteremia), 2 soft tissue infections, 8 patients with osteomyelitis (1 with concomitant bacteremia), and one episode of pneumonia. significant isolated microorganisms we ... | 1985 | 3834832 |
| a cdna clone for the precursor of rat mitochondrial ornithine transcarbamylase: comparison of rat and human leader sequences and conservation of catalytic sites. | we have cloned a dna complementary to the messenger rna encoding the precursor of ornithine transcarbamylase from rat liver. this complementary dna contains the entire protein coding region of 1062 nucleotides and 86 nucleotides of 5'- and 298 nucleotides of 3'-untranslated sequences. the predicted amino acid sequence has been confirmed by extensive protein sequence data. the mature rat enzyme contains the same number of amino acid residues (322) as the human enzyme and their amino acid sequence ... | 1985 | 3839075 |
| in vitro activity of sch 34343 against enterococci and other gram-positive bacteria. | the in vitro activity of sch 34343, a new penem antibiotic, was compared with those of imipenem, vancomycin, and eight other antibiotics against gram-positive bacteria. ninety percent of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and penicillin-susceptible streptococcal isolates were inhibited by sch 34343 at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.125 micrograms/ml. listeria monocytogenes isolates were susceptible to the penem at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. ... | 1985 | 3845792 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of sch 34343, a new penem antibiotic. | using an agar dilution technique we examined the in-vitro activity of sch 34343 against 485 clinical bacterial isolates. ampicillin, mezlocillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefotetan, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem (n-formimidoyl thienamycin) and gentamicin were used for comparison. sch 34343 exhibited activity against all species tested, excepting pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas species. unlike many newer beta-lactams, sch 34343 was highly active against gram-positive species. it was co ... | 1985 | 3849538 |
| enoxacin for the treatment of urinary tract infection. | enoxacin, a new orally absorbed broad spectrum anti-microbial agent, was used to treat 25 patients with moderate or severe urinary tract infections. many were complicated and associated with renal insufficiency. eighteen of the 25 were cured, five had a relapse and two became reinfected with a resistant streptococcus faecalis. fourteen of the patients reported side effects, including six with a neurological syndrome, one with widespread arthralgia and one with an achilles tendonitis. further stu ... | 1985 | 3857511 |
| inhibition of [3h]-thymidine uptake in human gingival fibroblasts by extracts from human dental plaque, oral bacteria of the streptococcus and actinomyces species. | extracts from human dental plaque, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces israelli and actinomyces odontolyticus inhibited [3h]-thymidine uptake by primary human gingival fibroblast cell lines as previous work has shown in respect of hela cells. the results show that a variety of oral bacteria, not usually considered to be periodontal pathogens, elaborate factors that adversely affect fibroblasts. | 1985 | 3857891 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of bmy-28142, a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of bmy-28142 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and imipenem against 639 clinical isolates and a number of in vitro-selected resistant mutants. bmy-28142 was the most potent compound against the members of the family enterobacteriaceae with a mic for 90% of the strains of 0.12 micrograms/ml. the activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable to that of ceftazidime and imipenem. strains of staphylococci were moderately susceptible to bmy-2 ... | 1985 | 3859244 |
| in vitro activity of ci-934, a quinolone carboxylic acid active against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. | ci-934 is a totally synthetic difluorinated quinolinecarboxylic acid with an ethyl-amino-methyl pyrrolidine side chain, which has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, including particular potency directed against streptococci and staphylococci. the ci-934 mic (micrograms per milliliter) for 90% of the strains tested was 0.4 (range, 0.2 to 0.8) for a group of streptococci (pneumococci, viridans streptococci, streptococcus faecalis, and lancefield groups a, b, and c), 0.2 (0.05 to 0.2) for staph ... | 1985 | 3866513 |
| stability of imipenem in mueller-hinton agar stored at 4 degrees c. | the purpose of the present study was to measure the stability of imipenem in mueller-hinton agar stored at 4 degrees c over time. mics for staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, streptococcus faecalis atcc 29212, escherichia coli atcc 25922, and pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853 were determined in triplicate daily for up to 15 days. the calculated mean time to observe a shift of one dilution in mic endpoints was 4.33 +/- 1.25 days. for routine work, imipenem agar dilution plates should be prepared wi ... | 1985 | 3867331 |
| carbapenems: special properties contributing to their activity. | imipenem is a beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits most clinical isolates of staphylococci, enterobacteriaceae, and streptococci, excluding enterococci, at 1 microgram/ml or less. resistance can develop in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and serratia marcescens, albeit infrequently. pseudomonas maltophilia is intrinsically resistant to imipenem. many strains of enterobacter cloacae, clostridium freundii, and s. marcescens resistant to the aminothiazolyl cepha ... | 1985 | 3873871 |
| murine monoclonal anti-dna autoantibodies bind to endogenous bacteria. | several bacterial species (including streptococcus faecalis, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli) were tested for their ability to react with monoclonal anti-dna antibodies that were derived from mrl-lpr/lpr mice. s. faecalis reacted with 8/15 of such antibodies. the binding was unaffected by dnase, but it was competitively inhibited by dna. f(ab')2 fragments of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with the bacteria, but fc fragments did not. phospholipids extracted from th ... | 1985 | 3874226 |
| cefpiramide: comparative in-vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability. | cefpiramide is a new pseudomonas-active cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. like cefoperazone, cefpiramide was moderately susceptible to hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases from gram-negative bacilli. tests with 6552 bacterial isolates in five separate medical centres documented cefpiramide's effectiveness against the more commonly encountered bacterial pathogens. additional studies with 761 selected isolates, representing 35 species, demonstrated similarities b ... | 1985 | 3877041 |
| the in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefpiramide compared with other beta-lactam antibiotics. | the in vitro activity of cefpiramide, a new ureido cephalosporin antibiotic, was determined against 1128 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria selected for resistance to ampicillin and cefazolin. cefpiramide was less active on a milligram basis than cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and aztreonam against all of the members of the enterobacteriaceae. cefpiramide inhibited many pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbenicillin, piperacillin, and cefotaxime, but it was l ... | 1985 | 3877607 |
| antibacterial activity of the pancreatic fluid. | the antibacterial activity of canine pancreatic fluid was investigated in an attempt to understand the resistance of this organ, when intact, to ascending bacterial infections. the pancreatic fluid demonstrated bactericidal activity against escherichia coli, shigella species, salmonella species, and klebsiella pneumoniae; bacteriostatic activity against coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci and pseudomonas aeruginosa; and fungistatic activity against candida albicans. there was ... | 1985 | 3882511 |
| review of the in vitro spectrum of activity of imipenem. | imipenem (n-formimidoyl thienamycin, mk0787), a new carbapenem was found to have the widest antimicrobial activity of currently available beta-lactam drugs. enterobacteriaceae had minimal inhibitory concentrations of imipenem of 8.0 micrograms/ml or less for 99.8 percent of clinical isolates. only rare strains of enterobacter species and proteus mirabilis have higher imipenem minimal inhibitory concentration results. hemophilus and neisseria species were inhibited, but minimal inhibitory concent ... | 1985 | 3890537 |
| in vitro studies on the antibacterial activities of ym-13115, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of ym-13115, a new parenteral cephalosporin, were compared with those of ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and cefsulodin. the compound was highly active against the common members of the enterobacteriaceae and 2 to 256 times more active than cefoperazone. ym-13115 was as active as ceftazidime against citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, and morganella morganii and two to four times more active than ceftazidime against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, en ... | 1985 | 3890729 |
| evaluation of the in vitro activity of bmy-28142, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of bmy-28142, a new cephalosporin, was tested by a broth microdilution system and compared with those of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, moxalactam, and hr 810 against 747 bacterial isolates, one-third of which were resistant to one or more third-generation cephalosporins. bmy-28142 was the most active drug tested against 326 enterobacteriaceae with an mic for 90% of the organisms tested (mic90) of 1.0 micrograms/ml. against these enterobacteriaceae the relative acti ... | 1985 | 3893316 |
| current diagnosis of infective endocarditis. | an analysis was made of 91 cases of infective endocarditis (ie) with regard to causative organisms and their sensitivities to various antibiotics, the clinical features of the disease, the laboratory test results and other items were important in establishing a diagnosis of ie. the number of cases of ie has shown a tendency to increase in recent years, particularly in the number of elderly patients, and the ratio of total cases consisting of prosthetic valve endocarditis (pve) has shown a sharp ... | 1985 | 3894710 |
| asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy with special reference to group b streptococci. | the relationship between significant bacteriuria (sb), i.e. 2 subsequent voided urine specimens with greater than or equal to 10(5) colony forming units (cfu)/ml, and the occurrence of bacteria in the urinary bladder detected by bladder punction, was investigated in asymptomatic pregnant women. from 30 (70%) of the 43 women with sb studied, bacteria were isolated from the urinary bladder. the same bacteria were found in the bladders of all 21 women with escherichia coli, the one with klebsiella ... | 1985 | 3895401 |
| clinical evaluation of temocillin in urinary tract infections. | a group of 27 female and 2 male urological patients, aged 19 to 80 years (mean 44 years), were treated with intravenous temocillin 500 mg twice daily for 5 to 7 days. the diagnoses were acute pyelonephritis (n = 20), acute cystitis (n = 6), and acute cystitis and pyelonephritis combined (3). the causative organisms were escherichia coli (n = 20). proteus species (n = 9). klebsiella species (n = 4). streptococcus faecalis (n = 2). staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 1), and providencia stuartii (n = ... | 1985 | 3896736 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of sch 34343, imipenem, cefpirome and cefotaxime. | the in-vitro activity of sch 34343 was compared with that of imipenem, cefpirome and cefotaxime against clinical isolates of important bacterial pathogens. sch 34343 was very stable to changes in media, human serum concentration, ph and inoculum size. enterobacteriaceae, including strains resistant to aminopenicillins and established cephalosporins, were susceptible to sch 34343. in the case of acinetobacter spp., imipenem was the only highly active antibiotic. pseudomonas aeruginosa (and most o ... | 1985 | 3897170 |
| gram-positive superinfections following beta-lactam chemotherapy: the significance of the enterococcus. | the recent literature was reviewed with regard to the risks of superinfection following beta-lactam chemotherapy. the summary publications for the pseudomonas-active penicillins (azlocillin, carbenicillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin), cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem and moxalactam show marked variations. moxalactam was most likely to produce both gram-negative (5-38%) and enterococcal (2.2-12%) superinfections. ceftazidime or moxalactam therapy was more often assoc ... | 1985 | 3902652 |
| in vitro growth of mastitis-associated streptococci in bovine mammary secretions. | cell-free, fat-free mammary secretions were tested in vitro for ability to support growth of streptococci associated with mastitis. secretions were obtained prior to drying off, during the dry period, at calving, and during lactation from four cow treatment groups. treatment groups were dry cow therapy, dry cow therapy and mammary glands subjected to induced inflammation 7 d post-drying-off, no dry cow therapy and no induced inflammation, no dry cow therapy but mammary glands subjected to induce ... | 1985 | 3905891 |
| antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic indications and adverse reactions of ceftazidime. | ceftazidime is an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with potent activity against gram-negative bacteria including multiresistant strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa. it has limited activity against gram-negative anaerobes, is less active against some gram-positive cocci than other newer beta-lactam compounds and is inactive against streptococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. ceftazidime is stable against common plasmid and chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase produced by en ... | 1985 | 3906585 |
| serum bactericidal activity of ceftazidime increased by netilmicin. | cephalosporins are often used in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics in the treatment of gram-negative infections. although ceftazidime possesses activity against gram-negative bacteria, especially against pseudomonas, combined use with aminoglycosides is useful. in this study, 12 healthy volunteers (6 men, 6 women; mean age 21.5 yr) received a single dose of ceftazidime 1 g iv and one week later ceftazidime 1 g iv with netilmicin 100 mg iv. both antibiotics were infused over five minute ... | 1985 | 3910388 |
| [digestive kaposi's sarcoma in patients with kidney transplantation--report of 2 cases]. | malignant tumors occur with greater frequency in patients with kidney transplants. kaposi's sarcoma (ks), a rare vascular neoformation, represents approximately 3% of them. its uncertain etiology appears to respond to: a chronic antigen stimulation by the transplanted tissue, to a depression of immune responsiveness, to the direct oncogenic action of the immunosuppressive agents, to the activation of oncogenic viruses or to a genetic predisposition of other possible factors. the clinical evoluti ... | 1985 | 3911716 |
| the effects of hypothermia on neutrophil function in vitro. | hypothermia may be associated with compromised host defenses and serious bacterial infections in man. we have examined the effects of moderate hypothermia (29 degrees c) on neutrophil function in vitro. at 29 degrees c, neutrophil phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus was impaired. in contrast, neutrophil killing of streptococcus faecalis was most affected by hypothermia. phagocytosis, as measured by neutrophil ingestion of opsonized oil-red-o-particles, was reduced at 29 degrees c over the 15 m ... | 1985 | 3917485 |
| a newborn infant with bilious vomiting and jitteriness. | | 1985 | 3917499 |
| streptococcal bacteremia in hepatobiliary operations. | the incidence of fecal streptococci in bile is between 5 and 15 per cent of all positive culture findings. fecal streptococci are not susceptible to the aminoglycoside or cephalosporin antibiotics, although these drugs are widely favored for prophylaxis during surgical treatment of the biliary tract. over a three year period, 64 episodes of bacteremia have been identified in patients undergoing treatment for obstructive jaundice. fifteen (23 per cent) of these episodes were due to fecal streptoc ... | 1985 | 3918352 |
| antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine and morphine. | antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine and morphine against 10 microbial strains was studied with an agar dilution method. the strains tested were escherichia coli (atcc 25922), pseudomonas aeruginosa (atcc 27853), staphylococcus aureus (atcc 25923), and one of each of the clinical isolates of staphylococcus epidermidis (a multiresistant strain), staphylococcus epidermidis (a sensitive strain), streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes (a), streptococcus faecalis, bacillus cereus, and cand ... | 1985 | 3918482 |
| addition of nacl to ms-2 system clinical cuvettes for combined salt tolerance and susceptibility testing for group d streptococci. | sodium chloride was added directly to individual wells of ms-2 system clinical cuvettes for evaluating the feasibility of simultaneous susceptibility and salt tolerance testing for group d streptococcal isolates. salt tolerance was correctly detected for all 177 enterococci tested; there was no false-positive results for 29 group d nonenterococcal or 45 viridans streptococcal isolates. | 1985 | 3919055 |
| survival and detection of bacteroides spp., prospective indicator bacteria. | preliminary experiments were performed to assess the use of intestinal bacteroides spp. as indicators of fecal contamination of water. viable counts of bacteroides fragilis, an anaerobic bacterium, declined more rapidly than those of escherichia coli and streptococcus faecalis. however, a fluorescent antiserum prepared against b. fragilis successfully detected high proportions (18 to greater than 50%) of b. fragilis cells suspended for 8 days in aerobic water in dialysis bags at the ambient temp ... | 1985 | 3919638 |
| lymphocyte proliferative responses to bacterial antigens in b27-associated arthropathies. | lymphocyte transformation tests to yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 and 0:6, klebsiella pneumoniae and streptococcus faecalis antigens have been carried out in ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis/reiter's disease and controls. ankylosing spondylitis cases gave significantly lower responses than reactive arthritis/reiter's to yersinia enterocolitica 0:6 (p = 0.003) and klebsiella pneumoniae (p = 0.008), and less than controls to s. faecalis (p = 0.008). it appears, therefore, that within the b2 ... | 1985 | 3919798 |
| identification of multiple cell surface antigens associated with the sex pheromone response of streptococcus faecalis. | high-molecular-weight surface antigens, obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation of culture supernatants and identified in western blots of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, have been correlated with the sex pheromone response of streptococcus faecalis donor cells. pheromone-induced cells carrying the conjugative plasmid pcf10 produced both an antigenic component (c130) composed of at least four bands in the range of 130 kilodaltons and a 73-kilodalton antigen (sa 73). the concentrat ... | 1985 | 3920198 |
| transformation and fusion of streptococcus faecalis protoplasts. | nonconjugative plasmids were transferred by protoplast fusion among streptococcus faecalis strains and from streptococcus sanguis to s. faecalis. s. faecalis protoplasts were also transformed with several different plasmids, including the tn917 delivery vehicle ptv1. transformation was reproducible, but low in frequency (10(-6) transformants per viable protoplast). a new shuttle vector (pam610), able to replicate in escherichia coli and s. faecalis, was constructed and transformed into s. faecal ... | 1985 | 3920209 |
| pathogenesis of catheter sepsis: a prospective study with quantitative and semiquantitative cultures of catheter hub and segments. | our purpose was to study prospectively the causes, routes of infection, and frequency of catheter-related sepsis in patients on total parenteral nutrition. from january 1981 to january 1984, cultures of 135 subclavian catheters from 135 adult patients were done by quantitative and semiquantitative methods. twenty patients (14.8%) had catheter-related sepsis. fourteen episodes (70%) stemmed from an colonized hub. skin infection (staphylococcus aureus, 2 cases), total parenteral nutrition mixture ... | 1985 | 3920239 |
| mucin degradation in human colon ecosystems. isolation and properties of fecal strains that degrade abh blood group antigens and oligosaccharides from mucin glycoproteins. | we previously reported that the oligosaccharide chains of hog gastric mucin were degraded by unidentified subpopulations numbering approximately 1% of normal human fecal bacteria. here we report on the enzyme-producing properties of five strains of mucin oligosaccharide chain-degrading bacteria isolated from feces of four healthy subjects. four were isolated from the greatest fecal dilutions yielding mucin side chain-degrading activity in culture, and thus were the numerically dominant side chai ... | 1985 | 3920248 |
| the effects of ph on colonic bacteria grown in continuous culture. | a model of the proximal colon was used to investigate the effects of ph on fermentation by colonic bacteria in vitro. twelve continuous anaerobic cultures of human faecal bacteria were maintained at constant ph in a medium simulating ileostomy effluent. five cultures were maintained at ph 7, five at ph 6, and two at ph 5. the ph of each of three further cultures was altered after they had reached steady state, either from 7 to 6 and then to 5, or from 5 to 6 to 7. both experimental designs showe ... | 1985 | 3920398 |
| susceptibility of enterococci to trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | the in vitro activities of trimethoprim (tmp), alone and in combination with sulfamethoxazole (smx), against 131 clinical isolates of enterococci, 126 streptococcus faecalis isolates, and 5 streptococcus faecium isolates were determined by a broth microdilution method with mueller-hinton broth that was substantially free of inhibitory substances. the geometric mean mic of tmp for strains of s. faecalis was 0.164 micrograms/ml (range, 0.03 to 8 micrograms/ml), with a geometric mean mbc of 0.298 m ... | 1985 | 3920958 |
| antimicrobial activity of gentamicin in experimental enterococcal endocarditis. | the in vitro activity of gentamicin was compared with its therapeutic efficacy in rabbits with streptococcus faecalis endocarditis. the test strain was resistant to gentamicin as measured by mics and mbcs determined in mueller-hinton broth alone or in broth supplemented with 50% rabbit serum. gentamicin also failed to manifest anti-enterococcal activity when evaluated by time-kill studies in broth. however, the addition of serum to the medium did enhance the activity of gentamicin. in the therap ... | 1985 | 3920960 |
| purification of an alanine racemase from streptococcus faecalis and analysis of its inactivation by (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid enantiomers. | an alanine racemase has been purified some 30 000-fold almost to homogeneity from gram-positive streptococcus faecalis ncib 6459; the enzyme has been purified to the same extent (4000-fold) from an o-carbamyl-d-serine-resistant mutant with a 7-fold higher enzyme level in crude extract. the racemase has one pyridoxal phosphate molecule per 42-kda subunit, has a vmax of 3570 units/mg and a km of 7.8 mm in the l to d direction, and has a vmax of 1210 units/mg and a km of 2.2 mm in the d to l direct ... | 1985 | 3921052 |
| deficiency of neutrophil bactericidal activity in term and preterm infants. a longitudinal study. | the present longitudinal study of 40 healthy term infants and 20 preterm infants shows that neutrophil bactericidal activity against staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecalis is transiently but significantly impaired in term infants during the 1st week of life. the deficiency is more severe and prolonged in preterm infants, and may contribute to the neonate's increased susceptibility to infections. | 1985 | 3921063 |
| [evaluation of bacterial growth rate by the atp-bioluminescence method (luciferase assay)--comparison with conventional methods and application to clinical studies]. | bacterial growth rate was evaluated by estimating the increase in atp content of cultures of bacterial suspensions using luciferase assay, and the method was applied to the estimation of bactericidal activity of serum and anti-bacterial activity of antibiotics. the results obtained were as follows: the bacterial numbers or bacterial growth rate determined by the atp-bioluminescence method was in accordance with those by cfu assay and spectrometrical assay by optical density readings. furthermore ... | 1985 | 3921446 |
| bacterial endocarditis in rats with experimental enterococcal pyelonephritis. | | 1985 | 3921625 |
| monitoring for antibiotic resistance in enterococci consequent upon feeding growth promoters active against gram-positive bacteria. | commercial chicken and pig farms, using different growth promoters, were monitored for enterococci resistant to a range of antibacterial agents. due to inconsistent findings attributed to uncontrollable factors, chickens kept under experimental conditions were also studied. a total of 4216 isolates from all the surveys were examined. resistant isolates were often encountered, even in control groups, suggesting complex population changes not necessarily solely connected with the influence of the ... | 1985 | 3921723 |
| bacterial synergism between the enterococcus and escherichia coli. | the pathogenicity of the enterococcus in surgical infections remains unclear. to examine this issue, rats received an intravascular infusion of 10(9) enterococcus. no rats died. rats that received a sublethal inoculum of escherichia coli with 5 x 10(8) enterococcus had a 40% mortality (p less than 0.05). cutaneous infections in rabbits with e. coli, bacteroides fragilis, and enterococcus were examined singly and in combination. infections with e. coli measured 21 +/- 1 mm, with enterococcus were ... | 1985 | 3921765 |
| [infectious endocarditis complicated by glomerulonephritis and acute renal failure]. | | 1985 | 3922122 |
| [development and experimental study of a dried nutrient medium for the microbiological diagnosis of streptococcal infections]. | the comparative study of different protein bases has shown that the combined base containing animal blood hydrolysate (amino peptide) and acidic casein hydrolysate, moderately cleaved, in the proportion 1:1 is a good source of nitrogen and ensures the intensive growth of streptococci. as determined by the study of the physiological parameters and growth of streptococci, the presence of fodder yeast extract, glutamine, glucose and phosphates in media containing blood hydrolysate and casein hydrol ... | 1985 | 3922185 |
| influence of the developmental state of valvular lesions on the antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime in experimental enterococcal infections. | cefotaxime has little antimicrobial activity in vitro against most strains of enterococci, as measured by conventional mics and mbcs. however, the mics of cefotaxime against many enterococci are markedly reduced by the addition of serum to the test medium. to assess the relevance of this observation in vivo, we examined the efficacy of cefotaxime in experimental streptococcus faecalis endocarditis. since response to antimicrobial agents may vary with the degree of vegetation development, therape ... | 1985 | 3922293 |
| characterization and mode of action of a purified bacteriocin from the oral bacterium streptococcus mutans rm-10. | the purified bacteriocin was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and pronase, but resistant to papain and pepsin. lowering the ph of the bacteriocin caused precipitation, and the abs280 of the supernatant reached a minimum at ph 3.6, suggesting that this is the isoelectric point. such a ph value coincides with minimum bacteriocin activity. the effect of the bacteriocin was bactericidal rather than bacteriolytic and concentration dependent. treatment of streptococ ... | 1985 | 3922336 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent protein kinase enzyme i of streptococcus faecalis: purification and properties of the enzyme and characterization of its active center. | enzyme i, the phosphoenolpyruvate:protein phosphotransferase (ec 2.7.3.9), which is part of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate- (pep) dependent phosphotransferase system, has been purified from streptococcus faecalis by using a large-scale preparation. size exclusion chromatography revealed a molecular weight of 140 000. on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, enzyme i gave one band with a molecular weight of 70 000, indicating that enzyme i consists of two identical subunits. the first 59 amino acids of ... | 1985 | 3922407 |
| bactericidal activity of human lysozyme, muramidase-inactive lysozyme, and cationic polypeptides against streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus faecalis: inhibition by chitin oligosaccharides. | the basis of the bactericidal activity of human lysozyme against streptococcus sanguis was studied. experiments were designed to evaluate the role of lysozyme muramidase activity in its bactericidal potency. inactivation of the muramidase activity of lysozyme was achieved by reduction of essential disulfides with dithiothreitol (dtt) or by incubation with the chitin oligosaccharides chitotriose and chitobiose. muramidase-inactive lysozyme, prepared by reduction with dtt, was equal in bactericida ... | 1985 | 3922894 |
| prevalent nosocomial pathogens. part 2. | | 1985 | 3923408 |
| endocarditis on a gore-tex tube prosthesis. | | 1985 | 3923455 |
| comparative in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of flurithromycin by means of the ms-2 abbott research system. | the study reports the results of an in vitro comparative evaluation of flurithromycin by means of ms-2 research system analyzing the growth curve patterns of recently isolated strains of s. aureus, s. epidermidis, s. faecalis and h. influenzae. flurithromycin is provided with superior activity to that of josamycin and practically superimposed on that of erythromycin. of the 4 bacterial species studied, s. faecalis is the most sensitive, followed by staphylococci and h. influenzae in decreasing o ... | 1985 | 3924422 |
| in vitro inhibition of neisseria gonorrhoeae growth by a urogenital strain of streptococcus faecalis. | a strain of streptococcus faecalis isolated from the urogenital flora was selected for its ability to inhibit the in vitro growth of neisseria gonorrhoeae. initially, the inhibitory activity was demonstrated on solid medium only when the inhibitor and the target strains were growing simultaneously, such as in the spot-lawn and flip-flop agar overlay methods. the antigonococcal effect was not due to a shift in the ph or depletion of nutrient in the medium. this activity was not produced in liquid ... | 1985 | 3924655 |
| protective activity of streptococcus faecalis against pathogenic action of escherichia coli o55 in gnotobiotic pigs. | peroral administration of streptococcus faecalis suppresses the lethal effect of simultaneous or subsequent infection with pathogenic escherichia coli o55 in gnotobiotic colostrum-free piglets. the presence of s. faecalis in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes in artificially diassociated colostrum-free piglets influences neither multiplication of e. coli in the intestine nor its penetration into the organism. | 1985 | 3924801 |
| [comparative antibacterial activity of piperacillin against pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and streptococcus faecalis in cultures and human serum]. | the in vitro activity of piperacillin at 1/4, 1 and 4 x mhk against 5 strains each of pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and streptococcus faecalis was compared in mueller-hinton-bouillon and human serum. serum without piperacillin was bacteriostatic against p. aeruginosa for 8 hrs., against e. coli for 24 hrs. subinhibitory piperacillin concentrations were bacteriostatic against e. coli, but had no effect against p. aeruginosa and s. faecalis. bactericidal activity against e. coli was ach ... | 1985 | 3924819 |
| comparison of single doses of amoxicillin or of amoxicillin-gentamicin for the prevention of endocarditis caused by streptococcus faecalis and by viridans streptococci. | recent recommendations for the prophylaxis of endocarditis in humans have advocated single doses or short courses of antibiotic combinations (beta-lactam plus aminoglycoside) for susceptible patients in whom enterococcal bacteremia might develop or for patients at especially high risk of developing endocarditis (e.g., patients with prosthetic cardiac valves). we tested the prophylactic efficacy (in rats with catheter-induced aortic vegetations) of single doses of amoxicillin plus gentamicin agai ... | 1985 | 3925031 |
| microbiological effectiveness of a reduced concentration of buckley's formocresol. | | 1985 | 3925443 |
| xanthine calculi in the patient with the lesch-nyhan syndrome associated with urinary tract infection. | a japanese boy with lesch-nyhan syndrome who passed xanthine calculi is reported. after pyelolithotomy for a left renal stone, made up of ammonium urate, associated with urinary tract infection, a high dose of allopurinol was given because of the persistence of pyuria. in the present case, the administration of a high dose of allopurinol, given for the prevention of ammonium urate stone formation in infected urine, induced xanthine calculi formation and we had difficulty in the management of thi ... | 1985 | 3925607 |
| treatment of streptococcal infective endocarditis. | patients with infective endocarditis caused by penicillin-sensitive streptococci (minimal inhibitory concentration for penicillin of 0.1 microgram/ml or less) may be treated successfully with one of the following regimens: aqueous penicillin g administered intravenously for four weeks, intravenous aqueous penicillin g for four weeks combined with streptomycin for the first two weeks of therapy, or parenterally administered penicillin plus streptomycin for two weeks. a cure rate of at least 98 pe ... | 1985 | 3925771 |
| neonatal septicaemia. | a total of 410 proved cases of neonatal septicaemia from seven finnish hospitals seen between 1976 and 1980 were reviewed. the annual incidence of neonatal septicaemia was 3 per 1000 births, and overall mortality was 23%. onset was early in most patients. symptoms of septicaemia occurred within the first 24 hours of life in 44% and within the first week of life in 90%. in the very early onset disease (within 24 hours) mortality was 30%, compared with 17% in all other cases. group b streptococcus ... | 1985 | 3925895 |
| vancomycin treatment for enterococcal meningitis. | although clinical disease due to enterococcus is common, there has been only limited experience in the treatment of central nervous system infections by this pathogen. in particular, there have been few reports regarding the treatment of such infections in the penicillin-allergic individual. we present two cases of meningitis due to enterococci, including one case with a brain abscess, in patients with strong histories of penicillin sensitivity. we treated these patients with vancomycin hydrochl ... | 1985 | 3925933 |
| granulomatous enterocolitis induced in rats by purified bacterial cell wall fragments. | this study was designed to determine if poorly biodegradable bacterial cell wall components can produce chronic intestinal inflammation. a sterile aqueous suspension of sonically disrupted group a or group d streptococcal cell wall fragments was injected intramurally into the small intestine and cecum of 100 rats. gross findings in rats killed at intervals of 1 day to 6 mo included intestinal thickening, adhesions, and mesenteric contraction. acute histologic inflammation subsided by 2 wk, but c ... | 1985 | 3926593 |
| spontaneous fistulization of a pancreatic abscess into the stomach. | | 1985 | 3926715 |
| effects of monoassociation with cariogenic streptococci on lymphoid tissue in the intestine and spleen of harvard rats. | | 1985 | 3927310 |
| barotolerant variant of streptococcus faecalis with reduced sensitivity to glucose catabolite repression. | physiological characterization of the apr-11 variant of streptococcus faecalis atcc 9790 revealed that the variant has reduced sensitivity to glucose catabolite repression. this reduced sensitivity was indicated by the synthesis of enzymes for catabolism of lactose or arginine in cultures growing at 0.1, 40, or 70 mpa in media with levels of glucose highly repressive for the parent strain. reduced catabolite repression appeared to be due to reduced activity of the glucose-specific, phosphotransf ... | 1985 | 3928124 |
| the in vitro antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone in comparison with nine other antibiotics. | the results of a large three centre co-ordinated study into the in vitro susceptibility of bacterial clinical pathogens showed no significant evidence of regional variation within the u.k. towards the 10 antibiotics examined. the newer cephalosporins were highly potent and superior to other antibiotics against the enterobacteriaceae, with ceftriaxone and cefotaxime the most potent. against pseudomonas aeruginosa, gentamicin was the most active, followed by ceftazidime, piperacillin and ceftriaxo ... | 1985 | 3928265 |
| in-vitro activity of sch 34343 against nosocomial pathogens: methicillin-resistant staphylococci, gentamicin-susceptible and -resistant streptococcus faecalis, clostridium difficile and bacteroides fragilis. | the in-vitro activity of sch 34343, a new beta-lactam antimicrobial, was studied in vitro by quantitative broth dilution methods. it was found to have good antibacterial activity against four emerging problem pathogens: methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis isolates showing high level resistance to gentamicin (and other aminoglycosides), clostridium difficile (the cause of pseudomembranous colitis), and bacteroides fragilis. on the basis of these promising results, ... | 1985 | 3928577 |
| antistreptococcal activity of sch 34343, a new penem antibiotic. | the in-vitro activity of sch 34343 was compared with that of penicillin and cefotaxime against clinical isolates of streptococci. sch 34343 was highly active against streptococcus pneumoniae, viridans streptococci, streptococci of groups a, b, c and g, and str. bovis. ninety per cent of these strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.25, less than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.06 mg/l of sch 34343, penicillin and cefotaxime respectively. activity of sch 34343 against str. ... | 1985 | 3928578 |
| the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. isolation of active site peptides by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and determination of their primary structure. | using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) it was possible to isolate 32p-labelled active-site regions of various proteins from the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. the purified peptides obtained by proteolytic cleavage with lys-c protease and trypsin were sequenced by the gas phase method. the fragments derived from enzyme i (mw 70 000) of two streptococcal species show 100% homology. the analogous peptide of staphylococcus aureus enzyme ... | 1985 | 3928666 |
| risk of group a meningococcal disease: bacterial interference and cross-reactive bacteria among mucosal flora. | during outbreaks of group a meningococcal disease in seattle, wash., and portland, oreg., we studied the mucosal flora of the affected population and comparison groups to identify possible determinants of susceptibility and resistance to disease. antimeningococcal immunoglobulin a can block the bactericidal activity of specific antibodies of other classes and has been associated with susceptibility in adults. we used immunoprecipitation and fluorescent-antibody techniques to detect mucosal micro ... | 1985 | 3928679 |
| evaluation of malthus 128h microbiological growth analyser for detecting significant bacteriuria. | in a pilot study a prototype malthus 128h microbiological growth analyser was used to study the growth of six commonly encountered urinary pathogens in a range of five different laboratory media. no single medium had been able to show acceptable conductance changes for all bacteria within five hours. subsequently, the malthus system, with fastidious anaerobe broth as the culture medium, was used to screen 500 consecutive clinical specimens of urine for significant bacteriuria. after two and a ha ... | 1985 | 3928703 |
| strain-dependent differences in susceptibility of mice to experimental pyelonephritis. | | 1985 | 3928771 |
| [metronidazole-inactivating activity of cell-free extracts of streptococcus faecalis]. | | 1985 | 3928941 |
| [sensitivity to cefotiam of 494 hospital bacterial strains. determination of minimal inhibitory concentration and comparison with other beta-lactams]. | susceptibility to cefotiam of 494 bacterial strains was studied by mic determination using an agar dilution assay. activity of cefotiam was also compared with that of six other beta-lactams (ampicillin, mezlocillin, ticarcillin, cefalotin, cefotaxime, and moxalactam) using an agar diffusion method. cefotiam showed a wide antibacterial spectrum including more than 70% of enterobacteriaceae (except serratia), beta-lactamase-producing and non-beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae, non-ent ... | 1985 | 3929216 |
| [enterococcus meningitis. apropos of a new case]. | | 1985 | 3929342 |
| antibacterial activity in vitro and regression studies for ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. | the antibacterial activity in vitro of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone was investigated against 575 recent clinical isolates. both cephalosporins displayed excellent activity against most of the pathogens tested, in particular gram-negative bacteria, including pseudomonas aeruginosa. apart from the pseudomonas group, acinetobacter calcoaceticus and campylobacter jejuni ceftriaxone was slightly to moderately more active than ceftazidime overall. ceftriaxone was moderately active against streptococcus ... | 1985 | 3929558 |
| comparative in vitro inhibitory and killing activity of cefpirome, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime against pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci, staphylococcus epidermidis, and methicillin-susceptible and -resistant and tolerant and nontolerant staphylococcus aureus. | with a macrotube dilution method, mics and mbcs were determined for three aminothiazolyl cephalosporins, cefpirome (hr 810), ceftazidime, and cefotaxime, against pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci, staphylococcus epidermidis, and methicillin-resistant, -susceptible, and -tolerant strains of staphylococcus aureus. comparatively, cefpirome was the most active agent against all gram-positive cocci, including enterococci and methicillin-resistant s. aureus, and was as active as ceftazidime against ... | 1985 | 3929677 |
| antagonistic effect of penicillin-amikacin combinations against enterococci. | amikacin has been shown to antagonize the bactericidal effect of penicillin against strains of streptococcus faecalis which produce aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase. the mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs was studied with an enzyme-producing strain (8436) and an enzyme-negative strain (8436c) derived by curing the former with novobiocin. combinations of amikacin with beta-lactam antibiotics were antagonistic against strain 8436 but synergistic against strain 8436c. against strain 8436 ... | 1985 | 3929683 |
| false-resistance of streptococcus faecalis and pseudomonas maltophilia to norfloxacin by disc diffusion susceptibility testing. | | 1985 | 3930460 |
| [cefminox concentration in tissues and clinical efficacy of cefminox in acute peritonitis]. | cefminox sodium (cmnx, mt-141), a new semisynthetic cephamycin, having marked resistance to beta-lactamase, and a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against various bacterial species, including haemophilus influenzae, serratia marcescens and citrobacter freundii, cmnx has higher activity in vivo than in vitro. for therapeutic purpose, cmnx was given in a daily dose of 0.5 g (0.5 g x 1) to 2 g (1 x 2) by intravenous drip infusion for 4 to 8 days to 24 cases with acute peritonitis (17 cases ... | 1985 | 3930784 |
| cefotaxime in the treatment of female pelvic soft tissue infections. | forty-six females with pelvic soft tissue infections (recurrent salpingitis [n = 14], salpingitis with intrauterine contraceptive device [iud] [n = 9], salpingitis with adnexal mass [n = 14], post-partum endomyoparametritis [n = 9]) were randomized for three antibiotic treatment regimens: cefotaxime (ctx) (n = 23), clindamycin and gentamicin (c + gen) (n = 13), and clindamycin, gentamicin and penicillin (c + gen + p) (n = 10). patients were evaluated by diagnosis for clinical response to the thr ... | 1985 | 3932215 |
| malachite green pre-enrichment medium for improved salmonella isolation from heavily contaminated samples. | large numbers of competitive bacteria may hinder the isolation of salmonellas from food and environmental samples when a pre-enrichment method is used. the addition of 0.1 g/l of malachite green (mg) to buffered peptone water (bpw) inhibited the multiplication of gram-positive bacteria. brilliant green had a similar effect but only when the normal recommended concentration of 0.02 g/l was raised to 0.05 g/l. pure strains of salmonellas were inhibited by mg in bpw, but addition of non fat dried m ... | 1985 | 3932291 |
| molecular genetics of resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin b (mls) in streptococci. | resistance to macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin b (mls phenotype) appears in almost all streptococcal species isolated from man. genes coding for mls resistance are located on plasmids and one mls resistance transposon has been described. mls resistance genes have also been found in a large number of plasmid-free strains. plasmids of 17 to 20 megadaltons (mdal) that code either for mls or for both mls and chloramphenicol resistance are found in streptococci of groups a, b, c, d (streptococcu ... | 1985 | 3932298 |
| purification and properties of liq 4, an antibacterial substance produced by streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens k4. | an antibacterial substance (liq 4) produced by streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens k 4 was isolated in extracellular and cell associated form. it markedly inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria, whereas only a few gram-negative bacteria were susceptible. liq 4 was purified by hydrophobic chromatography (servachrome xad-2; octyl-sepharose cl-4b; sephadex lh 60) and sephacryl s-200. tlc yielded a fluorescent spot as the active component and several inactive ninhydrin-positive substanc ... | 1985 | 3932591 |
| further characterization of bacterial adherence to urinary bladder mucosa: comparison with adherence to anion exchange resin. | bacterial adherence to anion exchange resin has recently been reported to provide a useful, rapid, in vitro screening assay for identifying putative antiadherence agents. the studies presented in this report provide additional evidence that adherence to anion exchange resin is similar to urinary bladder mucosa adherence. results are as follows. 1) heparin inhibits the adherence of escherichia coli, klebsiella ozaenae, proteus mirabilis, streptococcus fecalis and pseudomonas aeruginosa to both th ... | 1985 | 3932676 |
| [chronic urinary tract infection of the patient with neurogenic bladder--with special reference to bacteriological study in relation to the kinds of urological management]. | | 1985 | 3932736 |
| [culture studies of the bile during transhepatic cholangiography]. | a bacterial examination was carried out on bile taken from 119 patients undergoing transhepatic percutaneous cholangiography (p.t.c.) due to biliary obstruction. bacteria were found in 36.9% of cases, with greater frequency in cases of benign obstructions (69.6%) than malignant obstructions (27.2%). the extent of obstruction was found to make no difference (stenotic or obstructive). these results therefore confirm that a risk of infectious complications during p.t.c. exist. susceptibility studie ... | 1985 | 3932900 |
| detection of beta-lactamase activity with nitrocefin of multiple strains of various microbial genera. | the production or presence of beta-lactamase(s) was studied by the rapid method utilizing the chromogenic cephalosporin compound nitrocefin in cultures of multiple strains belonging to the same genus as well as groups of microorganisms. the genera were: staphylococcus spp., streptococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, indole-positive proteus spp., enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, rare enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, haemophilus influenzae ... | 1985 | 3933272 |
| the effect of phospholipids from listeria monocytogenes and aspergillus fumigatus on degradation of bacterial antigens by mouse peritoneal macrophages. | investigations were carried out on an influence of phospholipids from l. monocytogenes and a. fumigatus on the degradation of streptococcus faecalis cell walls by mouse peritoneal macrophages. it has been found, that macrophages from mice stimulated with phospholipids under studies degraded streptococcal cell walls labeled with dl-alanine-i-14c more efficiently than normal macrophages. activated macrophages degraded also more rapidly antigenic structures of bacterial cell walls reacting with spe ... | 1985 | 3933450 |
| immunological studies on aphthous ulcer and erythema nodosum-like eruptions in behcet's disease. | patients with behcet's disease show an intense delayed hypersensitivity (dh) reaction to a group of streptococcal bacteria. we have attempted to detect deposits of immune complexes and to analyse cytological reactions in the aphthous ulcers and erythema nodosum (en)-like eruptions. deposits of igm and positive fluorescence of anti-streptococcal group d serum were found in vessel walls and sites infiltrated by inflammatory cells. cytological analysis has revealed that the inflammatory infiltratin ... | 1985 | 3933539 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. 1h nmr studies on chemically modified hpr proteins. | the low-pk tyrosyl residue present in the heat-stable proteins (hpr) of all gram-positive bacteria studied until now has been labeled by tetranitromethane in the hpr of bacillus subtilis and streptococcus faecalis. the nitrotyrosyl derivatives obtained are fully active in the complementation assay. the labeled tyrosyl residues could be identified as tyr-37 in both proteins. reinvestigation of the low-pk tyrosyl residue in hpr of staphylococcus aureus resulted in the same assignment. in all three ... | 1985 | 3933558 |
| 2'-chloropentostatin: discovery, fermentation and biological activity. | 2'-chloropentostatin (2-cp) is a new nucleoside antibiotic produced by actinomadura sp. atcc 39365. a selectively sensitive assay organism, enterococcus faecalis pd 05045 (mic 0.005 micrograms/ml) was instrumental in the discovery of this compound. 2-cp is a tight-binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ki = 1.1 x 10(-10) m). | 1985 | 3934118 |
| a prospective study of adverse reactions associated with vancomycin therapy. | a prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of vancomycin was conducted in 54 consecutive patients over a 16-month period. vancomycin was curative in 95% of 43 patients with proven infection. drugs were ceased in six patients because of adverse reactions; in three of these vancomycin was considered the likely cause. reactions included thrombophlebitis (20 of 54 patients), rash (4 of 54), nephrotoxicity (4 of 50), proteinuria (1 of 50) and ototoxicity (1 of 11 patients tested by audiometr ... | 1985 | 3934126 |
| suppurative thrombosis of the superior vena cava: a lethal complication of central venous catheters. | a case is described, in which suppurative thrombosis of the superior vena cava, complicated central venous catheterization. persistent septicaemia resulted which was unresponsive to medical management and was ultimately fatal. | 1985 | 3934247 |