| HEV-specific T-cell responses are associated with control of HEV infection. | Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is usually self-limited limited but may lead to acute hepatitis and rarely to fulminant hepatic failure. Persistent HEV infections have recently been described in organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive medications suggesting that HEV is controlled by adaptive immune responses. However, only few studies did investigate HEV-specific T-cell responses and immune correlates for the failure to clear HEV infection have not been established so far. We i ... | 2011 | 22006345 |
| virus hazards from food, water and other contaminated environments. | numerous viruses of human or animal origin can spread in the environment and infect people via water and food, mostly through ingestion and occasionally through skin contact. these viruses are released into the environment by various routes including water run-offs and aerosols. furthermore, zoonotic viruses may infect humans exposed to contaminated surface waters. foodstuffs of animal origin can be contaminated, and their consumption may cause human infection if the viruses are not inactivated ... | 2011 | 22091646 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus and porcine caliciviruses in pig farms of guizhou province, china. | backgroud: hepatitis e virus (hev) and caliciviruses are enteric pathogens of humans and animals, and pigs have been considered an important reservoir of these viruses. | 2011 | 22087178 |
| Hepatitis E virus genotype 3f in pigs in New Caledonia. | Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is highly prevalent in farm pigs worldwide and an increasing body of data from industrialised countries suggests that it is an agent of a porcine zoonosis. | 2011 | 22103949 |
| Bacteriological quality of water and water borne diseases in Bangalore: a longitudinal study. | In developing countries diarrhea diseases take a big toll which can be prevented by adequate supply of safe drinking water. Thus a longitudinal study was taken up to determine the morbidity due to water borne diseases and bacteriological quality of water. 150 houses in two different areas, one supplied by bore well and other by tap water was selected by modified cluster sampling. Weekly morbidity details collected. Monthly water samples were assessed for bacteriological quality from main supply, ... | 2011 | 22066282 |
| novel hepatitis e virus genotype in norway rats, germany. | | 2011 | 22000397 |
| integrating overlapping structures and background information of words significantly improves biological sequence comparison. | word-based models have achieved promising results in sequence comparison. however, as the important statistical properties of words in biological sequence, how to use the overlapping structures and background information of the words to improve sequence comparison is still a problem. this paper proposed a new statistical method that integrates the overlapping structures and the background information of the words in biological sequences. to assess the effectiveness of this integration for sequen ... | 2011 | 22102867 |
| New findings regarding the epidemic history and population dynamics of Japan-indigenous genotype 3 hepatitis E virus inferred by molecular evolution. | BACKGROUND: Since previous studies have investigated the population dynamics of Japan-indigenous genotype 3 hepatitis E virus (HEV) using virus sequences, more nucleotide sequences have been determined, and new techniques have been developed for such analysis. AIMS: To prevent future hepatitis E epidemic in Japan, this study aimed to elucidate the cause of past HEV expansion. METHODS: The epidemic history of Japan-indigenous genotype 3 HEV was determined using the coalescent analysis framework. ... | 2011 | 22181032 |
| tumour susceptibility gene 101 and the vacuolar protein sorting pathway are required for the release of hepatitis e virions. | we have previously demonstrated that an intact psap motif in the orf3 protein is required for the formation and release of membrane-associated hepatitis e virus (hev) particles with orf3 proteins on their surface. in this study, we investigated the direct interaction between the orf3 protein and tumour susceptibility gene 101 (tsg101), a cellular factor involved in the budding of viruses containing the p(t/s)ap late-domain, in plc/prf/5 cells expressing the wild-type or psap-mutated orf3 protein ... | 2011 | 21880841 |
| acute hepatitis associated with autochthonous hepatitis e virus infection--san antonio, texas, 2009. | locally acquired hepatitis e infection is increasingly being observed in industrialized countries. we report 2 cases of autochthonous acute hepatitis e in the united states. hepatitis e virus genotype 3a related to us-2 and swine hepatitis e virus strains was isolated from one of the patients, indicating potential food-borne or zoonotic transmission. | 2011 | 21896699 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the full genome of rabbit hepatitis e virus (rbhev) and molecular biologic study on the possibility of cross species transmission of rbhev. | rabbit hev strains were isolated in china from farmed rabbits, which may be a reservoir of a novel genotype of hev. however, there is little information regarding host range and zoonotic potential of rabbit hev. a previous study from this group identified 25 specific nucleotide positions as possibly being involved in specifying the host range of hev and/or in determining the severity of hepatitis e disease, whereas this previous analysis did not extend to the new rabbit hevs. consequently the co ... | 2011 | 21945590 |
| coexistence of igm antihepatitis a virus and igm antihepatitis e virus in acute viral hepatitis: a prospective, multicentre study in korea. | this study investigated the clinical, serological and molecular characteristics of coexistence of both immunoglobulin m (igm) antihepatitis a virus (hav) and igm antihepatitis e virus (hev) in acute viral hepatitis using a prospective, multicentre design. among a total of 771 symptomatic cases with acute viral hepatitis enrolled in a korean city from september 2006 to august 2008, coexistence of igm anti-hav and igm anti-hev was found in 43 patients (a+e group; 6%), while the existence of igm an ... | 2011 | 21914057 |
| potential risk of zoonotic transmission from young swine to human: seroepidemiological and genetic characterization of hepatitis e virus in human and various animals in beijing, china. | the aim of this study was to further investigate the prevalence of infection and genotype of hepatitis e virus (hev) among different species of animals, people whose works are related to pigs and the general population in the suburb of beijing, china. serum and faecal samples were collected from 10 animal species and humans. anti-hev was detected by enzyme immunoassays (eia); hev rna was amplified by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) method. pcr products were clone ... | 2011 | 21914080 |
| occurrence of water-borne enteric viruses in two settlements based in eastern chad: analysis of hepatitis e virus, hepatitis a virus and human adenovirus in water sources. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of water-borne acute hepatitis in areas with poor sanitation. in 2004 an outbreak of hev infection affected around 2,000 people in eastern chad (dar sila). this paper describes the decrease in the incidence of acute jaundice syndrome (ajs) from 2004 until 2009 when a mean incidence of 0.48 cases/1,000 people/year was recorded in the region. outbreaks of ajs were identified in some of the camps in 2007 and 2008. moreover, water samples from drinking water ... | 2011 | 21976198 |
| surveillance of hepatitis a and e viruses contamination in shellfish in thailand. | to survey for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) contamination in edible bivalve shellfish. | 2011 | 21929540 |
| the epidemiology of hepatitis e virus infections in developed countries and among immunocompromised patients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of acute hepatitis in humans worldwide, both as epidemic and sporadic disease. since the virus was identified in 1983, epidemics have occurred regularly in many countries across south and southeast asia when seasonal floods have contaminated drinking water supplies and in africa during humanitarian crises among refugee populations without access to clean water. in addition, sporadic cases and small clusters of hev infections have been recognized thro ... | 2011 | 22114964 |
| hepatitis e virus antibodies in blood donors, france. | using a validated sensitive assay, we found hepatitis e virus (hev) igg in 52.5% of voluntary blood donors in southwestern france. this finding suggests hev is highly endemic to this region. the high hev prevalence may reflect local dietary practices, such as eating uncooked pork and game products. | 2011 | 22172156 |
| widespread distribution of hepatitis e virus in spanish pig herds. | abstract: | 2011 | 21999141 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus rna in plasma mini-pools from blood donors in england. | | 2011 | 21957873 |
| seroprevalence and molecular detection of hepatitis e virus in yunnan province, china. | in this study, the prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis e virus (hev) in pigs and the general population in the yunnan province, china, were evaluated. nine hundred sixty sera, 95 liver and 60 feces samples were randomly collected from pig farms and abattoirs, in addition 173 human sera were sampled in the provincial capital city for a serological survey and an rt-npcr assay. the screening results showed that among 621 samples collected from five pig farms, the hev-specific igg positive r ... | 2011 | 21874521 |
| current status of hepatitis e virus infection in korea. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging pathogen associated with acute viral hepatitis, and hev is becoming increasingly recognized. approximately 2% of acute viral hepatitis is caused by hev, and 18 cases of hepatitis e have been reported in korea. of these cases, only two have involved a history of travel from india, which suggests that they were imported cases. the remaining reported cases include a sporadic case of acute hepatitis e with genotype 4 hev isolates and identification of the full ... | 2011 | 22195239 |
| a549 and plc/prf/5 cells can support the efficient propagation of swine and wild boar hepatitis e virus (hev) strains: demonstration of hev infectivity of porcine liver sold as food. | recent evidence has indicated the cross-species transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) from pigs and wild boars to humans, causing zoonosis, mostly via consumption of uncooked or undercooked animal meat/viscera. however, no efficient cell culture system for swine and boar hev strains has been established. we inoculated a549 cells with 12 swine and boar hev strains of liver, feces, or serum origin at an hev load of ≥2.0 × 10(4) copies per well and found that the hev progeny replicated as efficie ... | 2011 | 22048607 |
| mri findings in acute hendra virus meningoencephalitis. | aim: to describe serial changes in brain magnetic resonance imaging (mri) in acute human infection from two outbreaks of hendra virus (hev), relate these changes to disease prognosis, and compare hev encephalitis to reported cases of nipah virus encephalitis. materials and methods: the mri images of three human cases (two of which were fatal) of acute hev meningoencephalitis were reviewed. results: cortical selectivity early in the disease is evident in all three patients, while deep white matte ... | 2011 | 22133593 |
| [experience in the diagnosis of hepatitis e in a tropical infectious diseases unit.] | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in some developing countries. it produces acute hepatitis in sporadic cases or epidemics. the main transmission route is faecal-oral by contaminated waters. in developed countries the cases described are more and more frequent, mainly due to population movement (travellers, immigrants, international adoptions), although there have also been increases in the local population. we currently have serological and molecular techniques for the diagnosis of this in ... | 2011 | 22100778 |
| Prevalence of specific antibody to hepatitis E virus in the general population of the community of Madrid, Spain. | Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an infectious agent causing hepatitis among humans. Although hepatitis E has been reported from many European countries, its incidence in Europe is largely unknown, and the prevalence of the HEV infection is also unknown for most countries of the region. Antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) was tested on 2,305 serum samples from the general population of the Community of Madrid (Spain) collected in the year 2008 among people aged 2-60 years. Total anti-HEV was tested by enzyme-i ... | 2012 | 22095537 |
| hepatitis e virus orf2 protein activates the pro-apoptotic gene chop and anti-apoptotic heat shock proteins. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a non-enveloped plus-strand rna virus that causes acute hepatitis. the capsid protein open reading frame 2 (orf2) is known to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in orf2 expressing cells. | 2011 | 21966512 |
| adaptation of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus in eastern china and inverse correlation with genotype 4 hepatitis e virus. | we studied the distribution and development of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes 3 and 4 in pig farms located within the shanghai metropolitan area. a total of 1,487 swine fecal samples were collected from 39 pig farms during 2009-2010. the average incidence rates for genotype 3 and genotype 4 hev were 10.6 and 9.3%, respectively. the frequencies of genotype 3 and genotype 4 hev among the farms were inversely related (r = -0.7423), suggesting that the two genotypes competed within the environmen ... | 2011 | 22156659 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e among iranian renal transplant recipients. | renal transplant recipients are known to be susceptible to viral infections, with more severe clinical presentations compared to healthy persons. hepatitis e is generally a self-limited disease, which is caused by hepatitis e virus. recently, hepatitis e has become more important in organ transplant recipients, because of new findings regarding the potential for chronic infections in this patient group. | 2011 | 22140389 |
| optimisation of a triplex real time rt-pcr for detection of hepatitis e virus rna and validation on biological samples. | the aim of this study was to optimise a two-tube reverse transcription triplex quantitative real time pcr (qrt-pcr) combining amplification of two loci with an internal amplification control (iac) for detection and quantitation of hepatitis e virus (hev) rna and to validate its performance on a pool of biological samples. optimisation was performed on serially diluted "home-made" rna standards. the limit of detection was determined experimentally as 10copies/μl of the rna standard for both ampli ... | 2011 | 22207081 |
| second generation of pseudotype-based serum neutralization assay for nipah virus antibodies: sensitive and high-throughput analysis utilizing secreted alkaline phosphatase. | nipah virus (niv), paramyxoviridae, henipavirus, is classified as a biosafety level (bsl) 4 pathogen, along with the closely related hendra virus (hev). a novel serum neutralization test was developed for measuring niv neutralizing antibodies under bsl2 conditions using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) expressing secreted alkaline phosphatase (seap) and pseudotyped with niv f/g proteins (vsv-niv-seap). a unique characteristic of this novel assay is the ability to obtain neutralizat ... | 2012 | 22115786 |
| hepatitis e virus: an underdiagnosed cause of chronic hepatitis in renal transplant recipients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection can evolve to chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients leading to rapidly progressive cirrhosis. proper diagnosis is therefore important, as reducing immunosuppressive therapy can allow clearance of the virus. we report a case of chronic hev infection in a renal transplant recipient that went undiagnosed for many years, discuss the therapeutic options, and review the current available literature. | 2011 | 22093456 |
| Acute hepatitis E infection accounts for some cases of suspected drug-induced liver injury. | The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury relies on exclusion of other causes, including viral hepatitis A, B, and C. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been proposed as another cause of suspected drug-induced liver disease. We assessed the frequency of HEV infection among patients with drug-induced liver injury in the United States. | 2011 | 21855518 |
| [virological characteristics of hepatitis e virus]. | | 2011 | 22096983 |
| Hepatitis e virus in rats, los angeles, california, USA. | The role of rats in human hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections remains controversial. A genetically distinct HEV was recently isolated from rats in Germany, and its genome was sequenced. We have isolated a genetically similar HEV from urban rats in Los Angeles, California, USA, and characterized its ability to infect laboratory rats and nonhuman primates. Two strains of HEV were isolated from serum samples of 134 wild rats that had a seroprevalence of antibodies against HEV of ˜80%. Virus was tran ... | 2011 | 22172320 |
| risk factors and immune response to hepatitis e viral infection among acute hepatitis patients in assiut, egypt. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh) in egypt. we aimed to identify risk factors of hev among acute hepatitis cases, measure hev specific immune response to differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. the study included symptomatic acute hepatitis (ah) patients (n = 235) and asymptomatic contacts (n = 200) to hev cases. they completed a lifestyle questionnaire, screened for common hepatotropic viruses. blood and serum samples were ... | 2010 | 22053611 |
| enteric viruses in new zealand drinking-water sources. | this study determined whether human pathogenic viruses are present in two new zealand surface waters that are used as drinking-water sources. enteric viruses were concentrated using hollow-fibre ultrafiltration and detected using pcr for adenovirus (adv), and reverse transcription pcr for norovirus (nov) genogroups i-iii, enterovirus, rotavirus (rov) and hepatitis e virus (hev). target viruses were detected in 106/109 (97%) samples, with 67/109 (61%) samples positive for three or more viral type ... | 2011 | 21866776 |
| Rapid virological diagnosis of central nervous system infections by use of a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR DNA microarray. | Viruses are the main etiological cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections. A rapid molecular diagnosis is recommended to improve the therapeutic management of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of a DNA microarray, the Clart Entherpex kit (Genomica, Coslada, Spain), allowing the rapid and simultaneous detection of 9 DNA and RNA neurotropic viruses: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus ... | 2011 | 21918017 |
| Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E: Is screening warranted? | Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging infectious threat to blood safety. In recent years, there have been a number of publications delineating this threat by providing evidence of the transmissibility of this virus through transfusions. The extent of transmission and its clinical relevance are issues under debate at present. HEV usually causes a self-limiting illness which subsides in a few weeks barring a few cases where fulminant hepatic failure occurs. The virus poses a risk of higher morbid ... | 2011 | 22120793 |
| A naturally-occurring human/hepatitis E recombinant virus predominates in serum but not in feces of a chronic hepatitis E patient and has a growth advantage in cell culture. | Summary. Hepatitis E virus is the etiological agent of acute hepatitis E, a self-limiting disease prevalent in developing countries. Molecular analysis of viral genomic RNA from a chronically-infected patient confirmed the recent discovery that chronic infection correlated with extensive diversification of the virus quasispecies: the hypervariable region of some virus genomes in this USA patient contained large continuous deletions and a minor portion of genomes in feces and serum had acquired a ... | 2011 | 22113007 |
| Hepatitis E: are psychiatric patients on special risk? | Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is largely confined to travelers returning from endemic areas, but the number of autochthonous cases of acute HEV infections in developed countries is increasing. Reservoirs for HEV are surface water, wild boar meat, and raw or undercooked pork meat. Usually, hepatitis E is a self-limiting disease presenting with acute hepatitis as a major clinical symptom. The seroprevalence of anti-HEV-IgG was investigated in 833 serum samples routinely collected from patients admitted ... | 2011 | 22006172 |
| restricted enzooticity of hepatitis e virus genotypes 1 to 4 in the united states. | hepatitis e is recognized as a zoonosis, and swine are known reservoirs, but how broadly enzootic its causative agent, hepatitis e virus (hev), is remains controversial. to determine the prevalence of hev infection in animals, a serological assay with capability to detect anti-hev-antibody across a wide variety of animal species was devised. recombinant antigens comprising truncated capsid proteins generated from hev-subgenomic constructs that represent all four viral genotypes were used to capt ... | 2011 | 21998412 |
| fatal course of an autochthonous hepatitis e virus infection in a patient with leukemia in germany. | an acute infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 subtype c was diagnosed in a patient with chronic lymphatic b-cell leukemia 6 weeks after the infusion of donor lymphocytes. despite intensive care the patient died 39 days after admission due to pericardial effusion that was related to acute liver failure. we suggest that diagnostic procedures for detection of hev infection should be seriously considered for the immunocompromised patient with elevated liver enzymes in the absence of a t ... | 2011 | 22086667 |
| [Molecular typing of enteroviruses from healthy children in the border areas of Yunnan Province and Myanmar and the genetic characteristics of ECHO7 and ECHO13 in 2009]. | To explore the enteroviruses surveillance among healthy children under 15 years old in the border areas of Yunnan Province and Myanmar in 2009. The stool samples were collected from the healthy children under 15 years old who came from the border areas of Myanmar and Yunnan Province, virus isolation and sequencing were conducted for all the 271 samples. 6 strains of polioviruses (PVs) were detected from 271 stools with an isolation rate of 2.8%, which belonged to vaccine strains and 24 non-polio ... | 2011 | 21874903 |
| hepatitis e: an emerging infectious disease in germany? | increased frequencies of hev infections have been reported in several industrialized countries. we suggest that this finding might be explained by a better awareness of the disease and not by an increased incidence. although reported hev infections increased more than 6-fold in germany in recent years, the seroprevalence remained unchanged (2 %). | 2011 | 21887661 |
| identifying hendra virus diversity in pteropid bats. | hendra virus (hev) causes a zoonotic disease with high mortality that is transmitted to humans from bats of the genus pteropus (flying foxes) via an intermediary equine host. factors promoting spillover from bats to horses are uncertain at this time, but plausibly encompass host and/or agent and/or environmental factors. there is a lack of hev sequence information derived from the natural bat host, as previously sequences have only been obtained from horses or humans following spillover events. ... | 2011 | 21980413 |
| Seroprevalence of subclinical HEV infection in asymptomatic, apparently healthy, pregnant women in Dakahlya Governorate, Egypt. | Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major public health problem in the developing countries. HEV infection in pregnant women is more common and fatal in the third trimester. The present study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of subclinical HEV infection in asymptomatic pregnant women. | 2011 | 21897591 |
| Molecular detection and sequence analysis of hepatitis E virus in patients with viral hepatitis from North India. | Viral hepatitis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic outbreaks of viral hepatitis in India. Here a total of 843 samples were collected: 685 from patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH), 70 from patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), 53 from patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), 11 from patients with antituberculosis therapy (ATT)-induced jaundice, and 24 from pregnant women. When ... | 2011 | 21868185 |
| Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus in Indoor-Captive Cynomolgus Monkey Colony. | A serological survey of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibody was conducted using 202 adult captive cynomolgus monkeys, who did not show any clinical signs of acute hepatitis. Out of these, 44 monkeys were sero-positive for anti-HEV IgG and all monkeys were negative for anti-HEV IgM. All positive monkeys came from either Vietnam or China, but none from the Philippines, Indonesia, or our facility. Selected 12 monkeys out of positive monkeys from Vietnum, including 9 positive and 3 negative, revealed m ... | 2011 | 21997233 |
| outcome of hepatitis e virus infection in indian pregnant women admitted to a tertiary care hospital. | information on the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in indian pregnant women is scanty. only a few studies have been done so far to document the vertical route of transmission of this virus. we therefore studied the prevalence of hev infection in pregnant women with hepatitits and the outcome of their pregnancy. | 2001 | 21910283 |
| hepatitis e in three immunocompromized children in southeastern france. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes an emerging autochthonous disease in developed countries where links with a viral porcine reservoir have been evidenced. moreover, chronic hev infection and associated-cirrhosis have been described in severely immunocompromized patients. nonetheless, only few studies have focused on pediatric hev infections worldwide and only four autochthonous cases have been reported in children in developed countries. we describe here acute hepatitis e in three immunocompromized ... | 2011 | 22177988 |
| [Role of hepatitis A and E viruses in the development of autoimmune diseases]. | The mechanisms of development of autoimmune diseases may be associated with a complex of genetic, immune, hormonal, and infectious factors. Autoimmune diseases include a wide range of systemic and organ-specific diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). It is currently assumed that the pathogenesis of AIH is due to compromised immune regulation in the presence of an exogenous triggering factor. Exogenous factors, such as viruses, may be triggers of AIH. There may be different ways of initi ... | 2011 | 21899066 |
| genotype 3 diversity and quantification of hepatitis e virus rna. | genotype 3 hepatitis e viruses (hev) are distributed across the world and are now considered to be an emerging public health concern in industrialized countries. at least 10 genotype 3 subtypes have been identified in humans and animals worldwide. it was recently reported that the sensitivities of hev rna assays differ greatly. we have assessed the influence of genotype 3 diversity on the performance of two hev rna assays: one targeting the orf3 gene and the other targeting the orf2 gene. we tes ... | 2011 | 22205792 |
| Treatment of chronic hepatitis E in a patient with HIV infection. | BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in immunosuppressed patients can result in chronic hepatitis that rapidly progresses to cirrhosis (1, 2). When immunosuppressed transplant recipients are treated with pegylated -interferon and ribavirin, HEV clears and liver histology improves (2). However, we are not aware of reports about how this therapy works in patients with HIV infection. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and laboratory response to antiviral therapy for chronic HEV infection ... | 2011 | 21969351 |
| Identification of genotype 4 Hepatitis E virus binding proteins on swine liver cells. | Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen of which several species of animal were reported as reservoirs. Swine stands out as the major reservoir for HEV infection in humans, as suggested by the close genetic relationship of swine and human virus and cross-species infection of HEV. Up to now, the mechanism of cross-species infection of HEV from swine to humans is still unclear. This study sought to identify receptor element for genotype 4 HEV on swine liver cells using the viral overlay pro ... | 2011 | 22029540 |
| Close similarity between sequences of hepatitis E virus recovered from humans and swine, France, 2008-2009. | Frequent zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been suspected, but data supporting the animal origin of autochthonous cases are still sparse. We assessed the genetic identity of HEV strains found in humans and swine during an 18-month period in France. HEV sequences identified in patients with autochthonous hepatitis E infection (n = 106) were compared with sequences amplified from swine livers collected in slaughterhouses (n = 43). Phylogenetic analysis showed the same proportion ... | 2011 | 22099089 |
| chronic hepatitis e infection in children with liver transplantation. | objectivechronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has been described in immunosuppressed adult patients. a study was undertaken to establish the presence of hev infection in children after orthotopic liver transplantation (olt).methodschildren undergoing liver transplantation between 1992 and 2010 with available serum were classified into two groups: group 1 (control group, n=66) with normal serum aminotransferases and group 2 (n=14) with persistently increased serum aminotransferases and histo ... | 2011 | 22115826 |
| suppression of alpha interferon signaling by hepatitis e virus. | the interferon (ifn) system is integral to the host response against viruses to which many viruses have developed strategies to overcome its antiviral effects. the effects of hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of hepatitis e, on ifn signaling have not been investigated primarily because of the non-availability of an efficient in vitro culture system or small animal models of infection. herein, we report the generation of a549 cell lines persistently infected with genotype 3 hev, design ... | 2011 | 22183878 |
| Characterization of self-assembled virus-like particles of rat hepatitis E virus generated by recombinant baculoviruses. | Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent of hepatitis E. Recently, a novel hepatitis E-like virus was isolated from Norway rats in Germany. However, the antigenicity, pathogenicity and epidemiology of this virus are unclear because of the lack of a cell-culture system in which to grow it. In this study, an N-terminally truncated ORF2 protein was expressed in insect Tn5 cells using a recombinant baculovirus expression system and a large amount of 53 kDa protein was expressed and efficiently r ... | 2011 | 21865442 |
| no reactivation of hepatitis e virus after kidney retransplantation. | | 2011 | 22070620 |
| chronic hepatitis e in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients in a low-endemic country? | cases of chronic hepatitis e have been described in patients after kidney and liver transplantation. in addition, hepatitis e virus (hev) reactivation was reported after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). we here evaluated if hev infection might explain elevated liver enzymes in a well selected cohort of allogeneic hsct patients with biochemical evidence of hepatitis (n = 52). of note, none of the subjects tested positive for hev rna, including 2 hsct patients who had been infected ... | 2011 | 22212560 |
| emerging and re-emerging swine viruses. | in the past two decades or so, a number of viruses have emerged in the global swine population. some, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), cause economically important diseases in pigs, whereas others such as porcine torque teno virus (ttv), now known as torque teno sus virus (ttsuv), porcine bocavirus (pbov) and related novel parvoviruses, porcine kobuvirus, porcine toroviruses (ptov) and porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (pl ... | 2012 | 22225855 |
| hepatitis e virus-specific t-cell response after transplantation. | | 2012 | 22234861 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in macaca mulatta. | | 2011 | 22224088 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e antibodies and risk profile of hev seropositivity in the netherlands, 2006-2007. | summaryhepatitis e virus (hev) is now considered an endemic pathogen in industrialized countries, leading to acute and sometimes chronic hepatitis, mostly in vulnerable people. the endemic sources are unclear. a survey in the netherlands in 2006-2007 showed a 1·9% seroprevalence of hev antibodies measured by elisa and confirmed by immunoblot in a nationwide sample. overall, in 134/7072 (1·9%) seropositive individuals, older age (p<0·01), being male (p<0·01), working with patients (p=0·03), worki ... | 2012 | 22269886 |
| ephrin-b2 and ephrin-b3 as functional henipavirus receptors. | members of the ephrin cell-surface protein family interact with the eph receptors, the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, mediating bi-directional signaling during tumorogenesis and various developmental events. surprisingly, ephrin-b2 and -b3 were recently identified as entry receptors for henipaviruses, emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses responsible for repeated outbreaks in humans and animals in australia, southeast asia, india and bangladesh. nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) ... | 2011 | 22227101 |
| occurrence of hepatitis e virus rna in plasma donations from sweden, germany and the united states. | | 2012 | 22220775 |
| coronavirus infection of rat dorsal root ganglia: ultrastructural characterization of viral replication, transfer, and the early response of satellite cells. | swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) has been shown to have a capability to gain access to the cell bodies of sensory neurons after peripheral inoculation, resulting in ganglionic infection. it is not clearly understood how this virus is replicated within and released from the sensory neurons, and it remains to know how satellite cells response to the hev invasion. by ultrastructurally examining hev-infected rat dorsal root ganglia, we found that hev in the cell bodies of infecte ... | 2012 | 22248641 |
| detecting hepatitis e virus with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | this study aimed to develop a specific and sensitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rt-pcr-elisa) for detecting hepatitis e virus (hev). eight sets of primers and biotinylated probes designed in the orf2-orf3 overlapping region of hev were tested for sensitivity. the ability of nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rt-pcr-elisa to detect hev was compared. rt-pcr-elisa was 10-100 times more sensitive than nested rt- ... | 2011 | 23412763 |
| work-related health effects among wastewater treatment plants workers. | raw sewage contains various pathogenic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungus, worms and protozoa. workers at wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) are exposed to these organisms as well as to h2s gas causing many health hazards. | 2011 | 23022842 |
| [hepatitis c viruses infection situation in the human population of six provinces in china]. | to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis c viruse infection in the human population in six regions of beijing, heilongjiang, shandong, ningxia, gansu and sichuan in china. | 2011 | 22734232 |
| [genetic analysis of echovirus 30 isolated from acute meningitis/encephalitis syndrome cases in linyi city of shandong province, china]. | to investigate the pathogen spectrum constitution of hev related to acute meningitis/encephalitis syndrome (ames) and to analyze the genetic characterization of the echovirus 30 (echo30) isolates. | 2011 | 22734221 |
| hepatitis e virus enters liver cells through receptor-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | we investigated the virus-host interaction for hepatitis e virus (hev) by performing competitive binding assays using in vitro assembled virus-like particles (vlps). we used escherichia coli expressed native capsid protein (porf2) and its mutants with an attached gly((5))-ala (linker) reporter [enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp)/firefly luciferase (fluc)]. transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking showed near uniform particles of approximately 30-35 nm in diameter for por ... | 2011 | 22571906 |
| acute pancreatitis in acute viral hepatitis. | the association of acute viral hepatitis and acute pancreatitis is well described. this study was conducted to find out the frequency of pancreatic involvement in acute viral hepatitis in the nepalese population. | 2011 | 22335088 |
| coinfection of hepatitis a virus genotype ia and iiia complicated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, prolonged cholestasis, and false-positive immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis e virus: a case report. | a 37-year-old male presented with fever and jaundice was diagnosed as hepatitis a complicated with progressive cholestasis and severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia. he was treated with high-dose prednisolone (1.5 mg/kg), and eventually recovered. his initial serum contained genotype ia hepatitis a virus (hav), which was subsequently replaced by genotype iiia hav. moreover, at the time of development of hemolytic anemia, he became positive for immunoglobulin m (igm) anti-hepatitis e virus (hev). we ... | 2011 | 22310798 |
| author's reply: hepatitis e virus infection in iranian kidney-transplant patients. | | 2011 | 22308160 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in iranian kidney-transplant patients. | | 2011 | 22308159 |
| hev-capsid protein interacts with cytochrome p4502c8 and retinol-binding protein 4. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major causative agent of acute clinical hepatitis in adults throughout much of asia, the middle east, and africa. the lack of an efficient cell culture system for hev has greatly limited our understanding of the mechanisms of infection, replication, and pathogenicity of this virus. the yeast two-hybridization system is considered to be an efficient method for determining protein-protein interactions and screening interactive proteins associated with host cells. | 2011 | 22308156 |
| hepatitis e virus infection: more common than previously realized? | | 2011 | 22298973 |
| pleconaril revisited: clinical course of chronic enteroviral meningoencephalitis after treatment correlates with in vitro susceptibility. | human enteroviruses (hevs) can cause severe infections, especially in patients with a deficient humoral immune response, such as x-linked agammaglobulinemia. in this patient group, chronic enteroviral meningitis (cema) is feared because of extensive morbidity and high fatality rate. treatment options consist of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig), with various outcomes. pleconaril is an antiviral agent with in vitro activity against hevs that has been used in the treatment of hev infections. | 2011 | 22293148 |
| immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging pathogen and the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis all over the world. we describe here an immunohistochemical method for the detection of hev antigens (porf2 and porf3) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissues using monoclonal antibodies raised against two of the virus proteins (porf2 and porf3). we analysed their specificity and sensitivity in comparison with serology and nucleic acid detection in cases of acute liver failure (alf). we ... | 2011 | 22239516 |
| seroepidemiology and molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus in macaca mulatta from a village in yunnan, china, where infection with this virus is endemic. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a significant public health concern and has been identified as a zoonotic infection. | 2011 | 22235219 |
| hepatitis e: epidemiology and prevention. | hepatitis e is caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev), the major etiologic agent of enterically transmitted non-a hepatitis worldwide. hev is responsible for major outbreaks of acute hepatitis in developing countries, especially in many parts of africa and asia. the hev is a spherical, non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense rna virus that is approximately 32 nm to 34 nm in diameter and is the only member in the family hepeviridae and genus hepevirus. there are four distinct genotypes of h ... | 2011 | 22216368 |
| prevalence of anti-hev igm among blood donors in egypt. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh) in developing countries. in egypt; where up to 80% of the inhabitants of rural villages have anti-hev antibodies denoting past infection, most of these infections are asymptomatic with little evidence that the infection causes avh. there are accumulating reports which suggest potential risk of hev transmission by blood transfusion. however, detection of serological markers for hev infection or hev rna in egyptian blood bank ... | 2011 | 23082470 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in pigs in northern italy. | the prevalence of the hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in pigs in northern italy was serologically examined. the survey was carried out on 39 farms: 17 farrow-to-feeder, 10 farrow-to-finish, and 12 fattening enterprises. there were 1,422 sera that were tested using commercial indirect elisa. this method originally developed for testing human sera was adapted for the analysis of pig sera. all farms except one (97.43%) and 714 sera samples (50.21%) resulted positive for anti-hev igg antibodies. t ... | 2011 | 22957120 |
| hepatitis b and e viral infections among nigerian healthcare workers. | there is dearth of information on hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and its co-infection with hbv among nigerian healthcare workers (hcws). hence, there is the need to determine the rate of hev infection and its association with hbv among hcws who are at greater risk of nosocomial infections. | 2012 | 23672103 |
| identification of hev in symptom-free migrants and environmental samples in italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered an emerging pathogen in industrialized countries. the occurrence of hev genotypes in samples of faeces from asymptomatic migrants arriving on the coasts of south italy and environmental samples was investigated. analyses of sequences were used to compare human and environmental genotypes. a total of 40 stool specimens, 12 samples of untreated urban sewage, 12 samples of treated urban sewage and 12 samples of surface water were analysed. viruses were concentr ... | 2012 | 23647961 |
| [establishment and application of taqman real-time rt-pcr for the detection of hepatitis e virus]. | to establish a specific taqman-based real-time pcr assay for the detection of hepatitis e virus (hev). | 2012 | 23627038 |
| lack of evidence of hepatitis e virus infection among renal transplant recipients in a disease-endemic area. | persistent hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has been reported among solid-organ transplant recipients in nonendemic areas. such chronic infections have all been related to genotype 3 hev, which is prevalent in these areas. whether persistent infection occurs with genotype 1 hev, prevalent in areas where the infection is hyperendemic, is unclear. we therefore tested sera from renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive agents in india, where genotype 1 hev infection is endemic, for a ... | 2012 | 23490383 |
| harmonised investigation of the occurrence of human enteric viruses in the leafy green vegetable supply chain in three european countries. | numerous outbreaks have been attributed to the consumption of raw or minimally processed leafy green vegetables contaminated with enteric viral pathogens. the aim of the present study was an integrated virological monitoring of the salad vegetables supply chain in europe, from production, processing and point-of-sale. samples were collected and analysed in greece, serbia and poland, from 'general' and 'ad hoc' sampling points, which were perceived as critical points for virus contamination. gene ... | 2012 | 23412890 |
| potential risk of norovirus infection due to the consumption of "ready to eat" food. | in this study, we investigated the presence of enteric viruses such as norovirus (nov), hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis e virus (hev), and adenovirus (hadv), in vegetables available on the italian markets. for this aim, 110 national and international "ready to eat" samples were collected and analyzed by biomolecular tests and positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. all samples (100 %) were negative for hav, hev, and hadv, while 13.6 % (15/110) were positive for nov. actually there is n ... | 2012 | 23412835 |
| occurrence of human enteric viruses in commercial mussels at retail level in three european countries. | in this study, the prevalence of different enteric viruses in commercial mussels was evaluated at the retail level in three european countries (finland, greece and spain). a total of 153 mussel samples from different origins were analysed for human norovirus (nov) genogroups i and ii, hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev). human adenovirus (hadv) was also tested as an indicator of human faecal contamination. a full set of controls (such as sample process control, internal amplifica ... | 2012 | 23412813 |
| clinical features and risk factors of acute hepatitis e with severe jaundice. | to compares the clinical features of patients infected with hepatitis e virus (hev) with or without severe jaundice. in addition, the risk factors for hev infection with severe jaundice were investigated. | 2012 | 23326133 |
| susceptibility of laboratory rats against genotypes 1, 3, 4, and rat hepatitis e viruses. | to determine whether or not rats are susceptible to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, each of group containing three laboratory rats (wistar) were experimentally inoculated with genotypes 1, 3, 4 and rat hev by intravenous injection. serum and stool samples were collected and used to detect hev rna and anti-hev antibodies by rt-pcr and elisa, respectively. the virus infection was monitored up to 3 months after inoculation. none of the serum or stool samples collected from the rats inoculated wi ... | 2012 | 23317806 |
| [experience of application of multiplex qpcr for differential diagnostics of intestinal viral infections]. | evaluate the effectiveness of multiplex reverse transcription (rt) and polymerase chain reaction with fluorescence detection in real time mode (qpcr) methods for differential detection of 11 groups of intestine viruses (adenoviruses, enteroviruses, polioviruses, hepatitis a and e viruses, group a and c rotaviruses, orthoreoviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses and astroviruses) in various biological samples. | 2012 | 23297630 |
| [typing and identification of non-polio enterovirus from acute flaccid paralysis cases in ningxia, 1997-2011]. | to identify the serotype of 73 non-polio enterovirus (npev) strains from acute flaccid paralysis (afp) cases in ningxia province, during 1997 - 2011. | 2012 | 23290905 |
| does high viral load of hepatitis e virus influence the severity and prognosis of acute liver failure during pregnancy? | the incidence and mortality in pregnant women with acute liver failure caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) is high. data on the viral load of hev during pregnancy are limited. the study was designed to determine the viral load of hev and its association with the disease severity in patients with acute liver failure. a total of hev related 163 patients with acute liver failure which included 105 pregnant, 46 non-pregnant women and girls and 12 men and 730 patients with acute viral hepatitis which c ... | 2012 | 23280991 |
| a cross-sectional study of hepatitis e virus infection in healthy people directly exposed and unexposed to pigs in a rural community in northern thailand. | a cross-sectional study of the association between occupational pig exposure and hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in adult pig farmers and the general population who were not directly exposed to pigs was conducted in nan province, thailand, from november 2010 to april 2011. all participants were interviewed to provide information on their job history, eating habits and other potential confounders. the prevalence of anti-hev immunoglobulin g antibodies (igg) among 513 subjects was 23.0%. hand wa ... | 2012 | 23280251 |
| serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in hepatitis e virus-related acute viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure in pregnant women. | aim: the host response in hepatitis e virus (hev)-related liver disease of pregnant women is unclear. this study was carried out to evaluate the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α in hev-related acute viral hepatitis (avh) and fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) in pregnant women in relation to pregnancy outcome. methods: the study included 262 pregnant and 158 non-pregnant women with jaundice. there were 160 healthy asymptomatic pregnant women and 124 healthy asymptomatic non-preg ... | 2012 | 23279190 |
| rabbit as a novel animal model for hepatitis e virus infection and vaccine evaluation. | the identification of hepatitis e virus (hev) from rabbits motivated us to assess the possibility of using rabbits as a non-human primate animal model for hev infection and vaccine evaluation. | 2012 | 23272124 |
| hepatitis e virus infection: multiple faces of an underestimated problem. | | 2012 | 23266489 |