| recombinase polymerase amplification-nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassays for newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus detection. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) are two poultry pathogens affecting the respiratory tract of chickens, and cause major economic losses in the industry. rapid detection of these viruses is crucial to inform implementation of appropriate control measures. the objective of our study is developing a simple, rapid and field applicable recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa)-nucleic acid lateral flow (nalf) immunoassay for detection of ndv and ibv. isothermal amp ... | 2019 | 31549369 |
| peptides with 16r in s2 protein showed broad reactions with sera against different types of infectious bronchitis viruses. | vaccination plays a vital role in controlling diseases caused by chicken infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the continuously variant antigenicity of ibv limits the application of current vaccine strategies and serological diagnostic systems. s2 protein is an invariant that harbors broad neutralizing epitopes. however, little is known about the key amino acids that contribute to the broad-spectrum s2 epitopes. in this study, we aimed to elucidate the specific amino acids contributing to s2 epitop ... | 2019 | 31500728 |
| ambient ammonia does not appear to inhibit the immune response to infectious bronchitis virus vaccination and protection from homologous challenge in broiler chickens. | commercial broilers are commonly exposed to gaseous ammonia (nh3) originating from degradation of nitrogen-containing excreta in the litter during the grow-out period. ammonia concentrations in the air are higher in poorly ventilated houses and appear to coincide with the elevated incidence of respiratory disease occurring during the winter months. this study examined the effect of nh3 on the immune response to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccination and protection against homologous serot ... | 2019 | 31472338 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from chicken in bangladesh. | the present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) as well as virus isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of various strains circulating in bangladesh. | 2019 | 31440013 |
| first complete genome sequence of currently circulating infectious bronchitis virus strain dmv/1639 of the gi-17 lineage. | avian infectious bronchitis virus is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease that results in severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. here, we report the first coding-complete genome sequence of strain dmv/1639 of the gi-17 lineage, isolated from broiler chickens in georgia in 2019. | 2019 | 31439703 |
| successful establishment of a reverse genetic system for qx-type infectious bronchitis virus and technical improvement of the rescue procedure. | in this study, a pathogenic avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) qx-type strain yn was successfully rescued by vaccinia virus based reverse genetic technology. ten fragments contiguously spanning the complete ibv genome were amplified and cloned into the vaccinia virus genome by homologous recombination. the full-length genomic cdna was transcribed in vitro, and its transcript was transfected into bhk-21/n cells that could stably express ibv n protein. at 48 h post transfection, the culture m ... | 2019 | 31430502 |
| co-infections of chickens with avian influenza virus h9n2 and moroccan italy 02 infectious bronchitis virus: effect on pathogenesis and protection conferred by different vaccination programmes. | since the emergence of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h9n2 viruses in morocco in 2016, severe respiratory problems have been encountered in the field. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is often detected together with h9n2, suggesting disease exacerbation in cases of co-infections. this hypothesis was therefore tested and confirmed in laboratory conditions using specific-pathogen-free chickens. most common field vaccine programmes were then tested to compare their efficacies against these ... | 2020 | 31412705 |
| protective effects of hypericin against infectious bronchitis virus induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species in chicken embryo kidney cells. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis leading to enormous economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. hypericin (hy) is an excellent compound that has been investigated in antiviral, antineoplastic, and antidepressant. to investigate the inhibition effect of hy on ibv infection in chicken embryo kidney (cek) cells, 3 different experimental designs: pre-treatment of cells prior to ibv infection, direct treatment of ibv-infected cells, and pre-tr ... | 2019 | 31399732 |
| emergence and genetic analysis of variant pathogenic 4/91 (serotype 793/b) infectious bronchitis virus in egypt during 2019. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) affects both vaccinated and unvaccinated flocks worldwide, with a significant impact on the poultry industry. the aim of the present study is to characterize an emerging variant pathogenic ibv originating from field outbreaks in vaccinated egyptian layer flock. samples were collected from disease-suspected flock with a history of administration of live and inactivated ibv vaccines (ma5 type). virus propagation in embryonated chicken eggs (eces), after three succ ... | 2019 | 31372921 |
| a seminested rt-pcr for molecular genotyping of the brazilian br-i infectious bronchitis virus strain (gi-11). | infectious bronchitis (ib) is one of the avian diseases with the greatest impact on poultry farming worldwide. in brazil, strain br-i (gi-11) is the most prevalent in poultry flocks. the present study aimed to develop a seminested rt-pcr assay specific for the diagnosis of br-i ibv in brazilian samples, targeting subunit 1 of the s gene. the detection limit of this assay was 10 copies of the ibv genome. in this study, 62.24% of 572 organ pools from the 5 regions of brazil tested positive in a 3' ... | 2019 | 31365883 |
| microarray analysis of infectious bronchitis virus infection of chicken primary dendritic cells. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a major respiratory disease-causing agent in birds that leads to significant losses. dendritic cells (dcs) are specialised cells responsible for sampling antigens and presenting them to t cells, which also play an essential role in recognising and neutralising viruses. recent studies have suggested that non-coding rnas may regulate the functional program of dcs. expression of host non-coding rnas changes markedly during infectious bronchitis virus infec ... | 2019 | 31286855 |
| molecular and biological characteristics of the infectious bronchitis virus tc07-2/gvi-1 lineage isolated in china. | in the present study, a thorough comparison of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) tc07-2/gvi-1 linage was conducted by comparing the s1 gene sequences of gvi-1 viruses with those of viruses representing the established genotypes and lineages. ibv gvi-1 strains were found to be closely genetically related to each other, irrespective of where the viruses were isolated, and differed from other known ibv genotypes and lineages; thus, it was confirmed that gvi represents a novel genotype. however, ... | 2019 | 31255833 |
| effects of chicken mhc haplotype on resistance to distantly related infectious bronchitis viruses. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) b locus of chickens has been associated with resistance to different viral diseases. we previously provided evidence that chicken lines expressing mhc haplotypes b2 and b19 exhibit different resistance to a challenge with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) massachusetts 41 (m41). in the current study, we attempted to determine if those differences were true for genetically diverse ib viruses, i.e., ibv m41 and arkansas-delmarva poultry industry (arkdpi). ... | 2019 | 31251532 |
| infectious bronchitis virus vaccination at day 1 of age further limits cross protection. | cross-protection and immune responses elicited by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccination on day 1 of age or at later time points were examined. specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with a massachusetts-type vaccine and heterologous challenge was performed with an arkansas (ark) -type virulent strain. in trial 1, chickens vaccinated on day 1 or day 10 of age were challenged 21 days after vaccination. analysis of tracheal histopathology and viral load demonstrated less cross prot ... | 2019 | 31251531 |
| early vaccination of chickens induces suboptimal immunity against infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is highly prevalent in broiler chickens despite extensive vaccination commonly conducted early after hatch. the effects of early vaccination on immune responses were further investigated in chickens primed at increasing ages, followed by booster vaccination with an attenuated arkansas (ark) delmarva poultry industry-type vaccine. results show that vaccination on day 1 of age elicits significantly lower systemic and mucosal antibody responses compared with vaccin ... | 2019 | 31251518 |
| molecular characteristics and pathogenicity analysis of qx-like avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in china in 2017 and 2018. | proportions of qx-like genotype infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates have increased over time. here, to better understand the epidemiology and pathogenicity of ibv in china and control the spread of infectious bronchitis (ib), we conducted sequence analyses and examined the pathogenicity of 5 field isolates from diseased flocks in 2017 and 2018. sequence analyses revealed that all the 5 strains, as well as many recent field isolates from other researchers, belonged to the qx-like ibv genot ... | 2019 | 31222258 |
| combined adjuvant effect of ginseng stem-leaf saponins and selenium on immune responses to a live bivalent vaccine of newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. | vaccination with a live bivalent vaccine of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a routine practice in poultry industry in china. this study was designed to evaluate ginseng stem-leaf saponins (gsls) in combination with selenium (se) for their adjuvant effect on the immune response to vaccination against ndv and ibv in chickens. a live bivalent vaccine of ndv and ibv was diluted in saline solution containing gsls or se or both and used to immunize chickens via a ... | 2019 | 31220864 |
| cross-species transmission of poultry pathogens in backyard farms: ducks as carriers of chicken viruses. | in backyard farms of lao people's democratic republic, mixed-species rearing of poultry is a breeding-ground for cross-species transmission. here, the epidemiology of viruses circulating among backyard poultry in vientiane province was assessed to guide future control strategies. oral/tracheal and cloacal swabs, collected from 605 poultry (308 ducks, 297 chickens) between 2011 and 2015, were screened by pcr for newcastle disease virus (ndv), coronavirus (cov) and chicken anaemia virus (cav). chi ... | 2019 | 31199168 |
| combination of tlr2 and tlr3 agonists derepress infectious bursal disease virus vaccine-induced immunosuppression in the chicken. | live intermediate plus infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vaccines (hot vaccines) are used for protection against the virulent ibdv strains in young chickens. we evaluated the potential of toll-like receptor (tlr) agonists to alleviate hot vaccine-induced immunosuppression. the combination of pam3csk4 and poly i:c synergistically upregulated ifn-β, ifn-γ, il-12, il-4, and il-13 transcripts and cross-inhibited il-1β, il-10, and inos transcripts in the chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cell ... | 2019 | 31160675 |
| avian influenza h9n2 subtype in ghana: virus characterization and evidence of co-infection. | between november 2017 and february 2018, ghanaian poultry producers reported to animal health authorities a dramatic increase in mortality rate and a relevant drop in egg production in several layer hen farms. laboratory investigations revealed that the farms had been infected by the h9n2 influenza subtype. virological and molecular characterization of the viruses identified in ghana is described here for the first time. whole genome analysis showed that the viruses belong to the g1-lineage and ... | 2019 | 31142135 |
| progress on chicken t cell immunity to viruses. | avian virus infection remains one of the most important threats to the poultry industry. pathogens such as avian influenza virus (aiv), avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) are normally controlled by antibodies specific for surface proteins and cellular immune responses. however, standard vaccines aimed at inducing neutralizing antibodies must be administered annually and can be rendered ineffective because immune-selective pressure results in the c ... | 2019 | 31101935 |
| infectious bronchitis virus from chickens in al-hasa, saudi arabia 2015-2016. | this study aimed to isolate some of the currently circulating infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains from some broiler chicken farms in al-hasa and to do some molecular characteristics of these strains. | 2019 | 31089313 |
| occurrence of infectious bronchitis in layer birds in plateau state, north central nigeria. | a flock of 54 wk-old layer birds exhibiting signs of respiratory distress, greenish diarrhea, and drop in egg production was investigated. a marked drop in egg production (55%) was recorded with eggs appearing white and soft-shelled. mortality was in the range of 1%-2% with post-mortem lesions revealing cloudy air sacs, frothy, and congested lungs. viral rna was extracted from pooled tissue samples (trachea, lungs, spleen, and liver) and tested for avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease ... | 2019 | 31086770 |
| spotlight on avian pathology: infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis is a highly infectious disease of the domestic chicken of all ages and type, affecting the respiratory, renal and reproductive systems. secondary bacterial infections are common and have a serious economic and welfare impact. many genotypic and serotypic variants of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) exist worldwide, making diagnosis difficult, and challenging control strategies. vaccination, requiring the use of both live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, is needed to co ... | 2019 | 31084356 |
| pathogenicity of a gi-22 genotype infectious bronchitis virus isolated in china and protection against it afforded by gi-19 vaccine. | avian infectious bronchitis (ib) is a globally circulating bird disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). in china, the most prevalent ibv genotype is gi-19/qx-like because the protective efficiency of the classical ibv vaccine is low, and new gi-19 vaccines are under development. in 2018, a gi-22 genotype strain ck/ch/lgd/2018 (abbreviated 'lgd') was isolated in northern china, which caused 10%-30% morality in h120-vaccinated chickens. a phylogenetic analysis showed that this new iso ... | 2019 | 31082454 |
| s gene and 5a accessory gene are responsible for the attenuation of virulent infectious bronchitis coronavirus. | to explore the critical genes associated with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) virulence, we compared the genome sequences of virulent yn strain and its attenuated strain ayn. accumulation of mutations in the s gene and the accessory gene 5a were observed, suggesting a potential role in the loss of viral pathogenicity. two recombinant ibvs (ribvs) with replacement of the s gene or 5a with corresponding regions from ayn were rescued to verify this speculation. embryo mortality time/rate showed t ... | 2019 | 31078931 |
| a novel immunochromatographic strip for antigen detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes considerable economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide, including taiwan. ibv is among the most important pathogens in chickens, and it spreads rapidly among flocks. in addition to dozens of known serotypes, new viral variants have emerged due to the viral evolution and antigenic variation in ibvs. therefore, the development of a sensitive, specific, and easily performed assay is crucial for the rapid detection and surveillance of ibv infect ... | 2019 | 31064083 |
| attenuation of infectious bronchitis virus in eggs results in different patterns of genomic variation across multiple replicates. | the gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry. live attenuated vaccines are traditionally generated by serial passage of a virulent strain in embryonated chicken eggs; however, the molecular mechanism of attenuation is unknown. m41-ck, a virulent lab-adapted strain of ibv, was egg passaged over 100 times in four parallel independent replicates. all four final egg-passaged viruses were attenuated in vivo and exhibited simi ... | 2019 | 31043525 |
| genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function may not show synchronised responses to mitochondria in shell gland of laying chickens under infectious bronchitis virus challenge. | egg formation takes place in the oviduct of laying hens over a 24 h period. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes pathological lesions in the chicken oviduct. in the current study, mitochondrial counts were determined in three different segments of the oviduct during egg formation in laying chickens challenged with ibv t strain. nuclear dna encoded genes that are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, fission and function were studied in the shell gland of the oviduct undergoing virus multipli ... | 2019 | 31041887 |
| molecular characterization of pathogenic 4/91-like and qx-like infectious bronchitis virus infecting commercial poultry farms in indonesia. | existing data on the characteristics of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) gathered throughout indonesia have been recognized to indicate variants similar to globally distributed vaccine strains. despite past and current intensive vaccination programs, ibv infections in the country's poultry industry have not been effectively controlled. therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genotype of several isolates based on partial s1 gene sequences. in particular, the investigation is directed to f ... | 2019 | 31040571 |
| genetic characterization of s1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from commercial poultry flocks in west java, indonesia. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is still a major problem among poultry industry in indonesia, ib outbreaks continue to happen even in vaccinated flocks. the emergence of new ib virus (ibv) variants might lead to mismatching between vaccine virus strain and circulating virus strain, this may be a reason of vaccination failure. information about circulating ibv in a region is important to decide which ib vaccine should be used. however, information about recent ibv strains which circulated in indonesia ... | 2019 | 31040563 |
| protection conferred by a vaccine derived from an inactivated egyptian variant of infectious bronchitis virus: a challenge experiment. | the current study investigated the protective efficacy of a formalin-inactivated infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccine derived from the field strain kp729422, which exhibits low s1 spike protein sequence homology (77.1-79.8%) with the currently used vaccine strains in egypt. two-week-old, specific-pathogen-free chickens were subcutaneously inoculated with a single dose of the vaccine containing 106.7 50% embryo infective dose (eid50) of the inactivated virus. at 6 weeks of age, the chickens ... | 2019 | 31020540 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of s1 gene among iranian avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated during 2001-2002. | infectious bronchitis (ib) virus genome codes for four structural proteins, among which the s1 subunit of spike glycoprotein comprises the major epitopes to induce neutralizing antibodies. this study involved the comparison of the full s1 sequences of five ib viruses, namely two massachusetts and three 793/b serotypes, isolated from ib outbreaks during 2001-2002, with all other iranian and foreign 793/b isolates and 10 known serotypes. analysis of s1 subunit showed three unique amino acid change ... | 2019 | 31013004 |
| a two-year prospective study of small poultry flocks in ontario, canada, part 1: prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens. | in ontario, within the past few years, there has been a marked increase in the number of non-commercial poultry flocks (referred to as "small flocks"). small poultry flocks may act as a reservoir of avian and zoonotic pathogens, given the flocks' limited access to veterinary services, inadequate biosecurity practices, and increased risk of contact with wild birds. despite these potential risks, there is a scarcity of data concerning the prevalence of poultry and zoonotic pathogens among these fl ... | 2019 | 30973091 |
| surveillance for avibacterium paragallinarum in autopsy cases of birds from small chicken flocks using a real-time pcr assay. | infectious coryza is a severe respiratory disease of chickens associated with large economic losses in affected commercial flocks. the fastidious causative pathogen, avibacterium paragallinarum, is difficult to recover and identify, resulting in delayed diagnosis and enhanced spread of the agent. small poultry flocks are increasingly common in rural and suburban environments. we assessed the frequency of a. paragallinarum using real-time pcr and clinical conditions present in samples from such f ... | 2019 | 30973083 |
| glycosylation of the viral attachment protein of avian coronavirus is essential for host cell and receptor binding. | avian coronaviruses, including infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), are important respiratory pathogens of poultry. the heavily glycosylated ibv spike protein is responsible for binding to host tissues. glycosylation sites in the spike protein are highly conserved across viral genotypes, suggesting an important role for this modification in the virus life cycle. here, we analyzed the n-glycosylation of the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of ibv strain m41 spike protein and assessed the role of this ... | 2019 | 30902814 |
| construction and immunogenicity of novel chimeric virus-like particles bearing antigens of infectious bronchitis virus and newcastle disease virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) are two poultry pathogens seriously affecting the poultry industry. here, ibv s1 and the ectodomain of ndv f proteins were separately linked with the trans-membrane and carboxy-terminal domain of ibv s protein (stmct), composing rs and rf; thus, a novel chimeric infectious bronchitis-newcastle disease (ib-nd) virus-like particles (vlps) vaccine containing the rs, rf, and ibv m protein was constructed. under the transmission elec ... | 2019 | 30871190 |
| memory immune responses and protection of chickens against a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus strain by combining live heterologous and inactivated homologous vaccines. | in this study, we evaluated antibody and cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses in the mucosal and systemic compartments and protection against challenge with a nephropathogenic brazilian (br-i) strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in chickens submitted to a vaccination regime comprising a priming dose of heterologous live attenuated massachusetts vaccine followed by a booster dose of an experimental homologous inactivated vaccine two weeks later. this immunization protocol elicited signifi ... | 2019 | 30867350 |
| repeated avian infectious bronchitis virus infections within a single chicken farm. | genotyping of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was performed on trachea and kidney samples of six chickens obtained from a single farm in japan. using two primer sets targeting the spike (s) protein gene, the s1 and s2 regions of dna fragments were amplified. sequences of amplified s1 fragments extracted from both organs were identical among the six chickens, showing a jp-i genotype. sequences of amplified s2 fragments differed between trachea and kidney samples. the kidney profile showed ... | 2019 | 30828040 |
| efficient fecal-oral and possible vertical, but not respiratory, transmission of emerging chlamydia gallinacea in broilers. | chlamydia gallinacea is an endemic chlamydia agent in poultry with a worldwide distribution. the aim of this study was to investigate whether c. gallinacea can be transmitted via fecal-oral, respiratory and vertical routes. after co-housing with c. gallinacea-inoculated broilers (n = 10) for 15 days, over 90.0% of spf broilers (n = 10) became c. gallinacea-positive in their oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. connection of isolators with ventilation tubing resulted in transmission of infectious bro ... | 2019 | 30827411 |
| novel genotype of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in china. | recombination events are known to contribute to the emergence of novel infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) genotypes. in this study, we carried out detailed phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons based on 74 complete nucleotide sequences of the ibv s1 gene, including strain i0636/16 and 73 representative sequences from each genotype and lineage. the results showed that strain i0636/16 represented a novel genotype, designated as lineage 1 within genotype vii (gvii-1). further comparative ge ... | 2019 | 30827386 |
| chicken anaemia virus enhances and prolongs subsequent avian influenza (h9n2) and infectious bronchitis viral infections. | immunosuppressive viral diseases have a great economic importance in the poultry industry due to the increased susceptibility to secondary infections. chicken anaemia virus (cav) is one of the major immunosuppressive diseases in chickens. in addition, low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) of subtype h9n2 and infectious bronchitis (ib) viruses are among the most frequently reported respiratory viral diseases in poultry worldwide. in the present study, specific pathogen free chickens were used to ... | 2019 | 30827377 |
| immunoprofiling of peripheral blood from infectious bronchitis virus vaccinated mhc-b chicken lines - monocyte mhc-ii expression as a potential correlate of protection. | vaccination programs are implemented in poultry farms to limit outbreaks and spread of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), which is a substantial economic burden in the poultry industry. immune correlates, used to predict vaccine efficacy, have proved difficult to find for ibv-vaccine-induced protection. to find correlates of ibv-vaccine-induced protection, hence, we employed a flow cytometric assay to quantify peripheral leucocyte subsets and expression of cell surface markers of six different n ... | 2019 | 30763593 |
| the 3d8 single chain variable fragment protein suppress infectious bronchitis virus transmission in the transgenic chickens. | infectious bronchitis (ib) generated by the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes economic difficulties for livestock farmers. the 3d8 single chain variable fragment (scfv) protein is a recombinant antibody with nuclease activity that shows antiviral effects against various dna and rna viruses in mice and chickens. in this experiment, 3d8 scfv g2 transgenic chickens produced by crossing 3d8 scfv g1 transgenic rooster and wild type hens were screened by genomic pcr and immunohistochemistry ana ... | 2019 | 30738233 |
| genetic and biological characteristics of four novel recombinant avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in china. | infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) of gi-13 (793/b) and gi-19 (qx/lx4) lineages have been frequently detected in china in recent years. naturally recombinant ibvs originating from the gi-13 and gi-19 lineages have also been isolated from chicken flocks with respiratory and renal problems in china. thorough genetic and biological investigations of these recombinant viruses have led to speculation regarding their origin, evolution, and control. in order to confirm the previous results and furthe ... | 2019 | 30641197 |
| sensitive sybr green-real time pcr for the detection and quantitation of avian rotavirus a. | avian rotavirus a (artv-a) is a virus that affects young birds, causing acute diarrhea and economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. the techniques used for the diagnosis of artv-a include electron microscopy, isolation in cell culture, and serology, as well as molecular techniques, such as the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the objective of this work was to standardize a real-time rt-polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) using sybr green chemistry for the rapid ... | 2018 | 30597964 |
| combined use of elisa and western blot with recombinant n protein is a powerful tool for the immunodiagnosis of avian infectious bronchitis. | the avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) remains a significant source of loss in the poultry industry and early diagnosis is required to prevent the disease from spreading. this study examined the combined use of an elisa and western blot (wb) to detect antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein (n) of ibv. the coding sequence for n was amplified by rt-pcr and expressed in escherichia coli. a soluble recombinant n protein (rn) of approximately 50 kda was obtained. a total of 389 sera were te ... | 2018 | 30541588 |
| comparative features of infections of two massachusetts (mass) infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) variants isolated from western canadian layer flocks. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in chickens. there are numerous serotypes and variants, which do not confer cross protection resulting in failure of currently used ibv vaccines. although variant ibv isolates with major genetic differences have been subjected to comparative studies, it is unknown whether minor genetic differences in ibv variants within a serotype are different in terms of pathogenesis and eliciting host responses. two mass ... | 2018 | 30526618 |
| effects of beta-1,3-glucan (aletatm) on vaccination response in broiler chickens. | this 42-day study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with β-1,3-glucan (aleta™) on the vaccination response to newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and infectious bursal disease (ibd) in a non-challenged environment. this trial included 600 chicks (all vaccinated with ibd at the hatchery) which were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: vaccination (ndv, ibv), no vaccination, or vaccination combined with feed supplemented with aleta (100 g/mt of feed). t ... | 2019 | 30476311 |
| establishment of xmap for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus. | using luminex xmap (x = analyte, map = multi-analyte profiling) technology, a serological method for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to newcastle disease virus (ndv) and avian influenza virus (aiv) was established. nano-magnetic beads coated with purified ndv protein and aiv nucleoprotein were incubated with serum samples. using biotinylated rabbit anti-chicken igy and streptavidin-r-phycoerythrin, the optical signals measured by a luminex 200 detection system indicated the quantificati ... | 2019 | 30476286 |
| pathogenicity differences between a newly emerged tw-like strain and a prevalent qx-like strain of infectious bronchitis virus. | tw-like ibv isolates have appeared frequently in recent years in mainland china. in this study, we compared the tw-like ibv gd strain and the predominant qx-like sd strain in terms of serology and pathogenicity to 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. both strains could cause severe respiratory distress and renal lesions, with a mortality rate were approximately 20%. virus were continuously shed via the respiratory tract and cloaca. however, the infection pattern of the two isolates were d ... | 2018 | 30473347 |
| pathobiological and genomic characterization of a cold-adapted infectious bronchitis virus (bp-cakii). | we established a cold-adapted infectious bronchitis virus (bp-cakii) by passaging a field virus through specific pathogen-free embryonated eggs 20 times at 32 °c. we characterized its growth kinetics and pathogenicity in embryonated eggs, and its tropism and persistence in different tissues from chickens; then, we evaluated pathogenicity by using a new premature reproductive tract pathogenicity model. furthermore, we determined the complete genomic sequence of bp-cakii to understand the genetic ... | 2018 | 30463206 |
| the in ovo delivery of cpg oligonucleotides protects against infectious bronchitis with the recruitment of immune cells into the respiratory tract of chickens. | the in ovo delivery of cytosine-guanosine (cpg) oligodeoxynucleotides (odns) protects chickens against many bacterial and viral infections, by activating the toll-like receptor (tlr)21 signaling pathway. although the delivery of cpg odns in ovo at embryo day (ed) 18 has been shown to reduce infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) loads in embryonic chicken lungs pre-hatch, whether in ovo delivered cpg odns are capable of protecting chickens against a post-hatch challenge is unknown. thus, our objectiv ... | 2018 | 30445707 |
| a multiplex xtag assay for the simultaneous detection of five chicken immunosuppressive viruses. | chicken anemia virus (cav), avian reovirus (arv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), marek's disease virus (mdv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) all cause immunosuppressive disease in birds through vertical or horizontal transmission. mixed infections with these immunosuppressive pathogens lead to atypical clinical signs and obstruct accurate diagnoses and epidemiological investigations. therefore, it is essential to develop a high-throughput assay for the simultaneous detection of th ... | 2018 | 30442149 |
| surveillance and investigative diagnosis of a poultry flock in great britain co-infected with an influenza a virus and an avirulent avian avulavirus type 1. | a detailed veterinary and laboratory investigation revealed an unusual case of concurrent avian avulavirus type 1 (aavv-1, formerly called avian paramyxovirus type 1) and low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) virus infections of chickens during march 2010 in a mixed poultry and livestock farm in great britain. respiratory signs and daily mortality of 5-6 birds in a broiler flock 8-weeks of age prompted submission of two carcasses to an animal and plant health agency (apha) regional laboratory ... | 2019 | 30390413 |
| prevalence of avian influenza, newcastle disease, and infectious bronchitis viruses in broiler flocks infected with multifactorial respiratory diseases in iran, 2015-2016. | in this study, the prevalence and spatial distribution of newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and avian influenza have been evaluated in commercial broiler farms in 31 provinces in iran. in this survey, a total of 233 affected broiler chicken farms were sampled. the infectious bronchitis virus (alone) was detected with highest frequency in 60 farms, and separately or combined with other agents, in 110 farms; newcastle disease virus, separately, was detected in 28 farms, and in 63 farms sep ... | 2019 | 30377950 |
| including 793/b type avian infectious bronchitis vaccine in 1-day-old chicken increased the protection against qx genotype. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly infectious pathogen, which affects the respiratory tract, reproductive system, and kidney of chickens. many different genotypes of ibv are recognized which cause different clinical manifestations. according to the antigenic differences, different serotypes of the virus do not cross-protect. massachusetts serotype induces the best cross-protection against other serotypes. recently, the ibv qx genotype has been detected in iran. qx genotype causes perm ... | 2019 | 30374823 |
| molecular detection and phylogenetic properties of isolated infectious bronchitis viruses from broilers in ahvaz, southwest iran, based on partial sequences of spike gene. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious disease involving mostly upper respiratory tract in chickens, leading to significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. one of the major concerns regarding to ib is the emergence of new types of infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs). the purpose of this study was to identify the ibvs isolated from iranian broiler chickens with respiratory symptoms. twenty-five broiler flocks around ahwaz (southwest of iran) were examined for ibv. t ... | 2018 | 30357063 |
| recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses expressing heterologous s1 subunits: potential for a new generation of vaccines that replicate in vero cells. | the spike glycoprotein (s) of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) comprises two subunits, s1 and s2. we have previously demonstrated that the s2 subunit of the avirulent beau-r strain is responsible for its extended cellular tropism for vero cells. two recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses (ribvs) have been generated; the immunogenic s1 subunit is derived from the ibv vaccine strain, h120, or the virulent field strain, qx, within the genetic background of beau-r. the ribvs beaur-h120(s1) and b ... | 2018 | 30355423 |
| co-circulation of genetically diverse population of vaccine related and unrelated respiratory mycoplasmas and viruses in uk poultry flocks with health or production problems. | respiratory diseases continue to have a major impact on poultry health, welfare and productivity. however, little information is available on their current status in uk poultry flocks. we investigated the presence of four economically important respiratory pathogens in healthy or problematic flocks; infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian metapneumovirus (ampv), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and mycoplasma synoviae (ms). samples from 131 uk poultry flocks were received during the 12 month study ... | 2018 | 30322525 |
| sequencing and in silico multi-aspect analysis of s1 glycoprotein in 793/b serotype of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from iran in 2003 and 2011. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is an acute, highly contagious, and economically important viral disease of chickens. the s1 subunit from spike (s) protein plays the major role in protective immunity and is involved in the host-virus interactions, as well as infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) serotyping. aim of the present study was multi-aspect analysis of the molecular and immunological features of 5' part belonging to the s1 glycoprotein sequence of iranian 793/b ibv strain isolates. this m ... | 2018 | 30280838 |
| detection of newcastle disease, h9n2 avian influenza, and infectious bronchitis viruses in respiratory diseases in backyard chickens in ahvaz, iran, in 2014-2015. | newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian influenza virus (aiv), and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) are the most prevalent viral pathogens in the iranian poultry industry. this study aimed to reveal the presence of these viruses in the backyard chickens in ahvaz, located in the southwest of iran. a total of 100 chickens with respiratory signs and mortality were examined by taking the blood samples as well as tracheal and cloacal swabs. most of the chickens had not received any vaccine. the blood s ... | 2018 | 30256035 |
| burden of exposure to infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, newcastle disease virus, mycoplasma gallisepticum, and intestinal parasites in introduced broiler chickens on the galapagos. | diseases in introduced broilers can possibly spill over to wild birds on the galapagos. knowledge about the current burden of exposure to pathogens in broilers on the galapagos is very limited. the objective of the study reported here was to measure the burden of exposure to infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), and intestinal parasites in a sample of broiler chickens on 13 farms on santa cruz isla ... | 2018 | 30248128 |
| genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus in china in recent years. | in this study, 213 infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) were isolated from samples collected from 801 flocks suspected to be infected with ibv from january 2016 to december 2017 in china. by using complete nucleotide sequences of s1 gene we determined the phylogeny of these ibv isolates, which in turn allowed us to define six lineages/genotypes, a number of recombinants and a novel variant. the gi-19 lineage was the most frequently isolated type in china in recent years. although scattered mutat ... | 2018 | 30244092 |
| development of a sensitive and specific xmap assay for detection of antibodies against infectious laryngotracheitis and bronchitis viruses. | a serological method to simultaneously detect antibodies against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is imperative for the differential diagnosis and evaluation of antibodies titers after vaccination. | 2018 | 30241540 |
| genetics, antigenicity and virulence properties of three infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from a single tracheal sample in a chicken with respiratory problems. | three different ibv genotypes/serotypes, designated ck/ch/ldl/150434-i (ldl/150434-i), ck/ch/ldl/150434-ii (ldl/150434-ii) and ck/ch/ldl/150434-iii (ldl/150434-iii), were detected in a single tracheal sample from a chicken showing signs of respiratory disease. the viruses were isolated using a cross-neutralization test and limiting dilution in embryonated specific-pathogen-free (spf) eggs. isolate ldl/150434-i was a re-isolation of h120 vaccine strain that was introduced into the chicken flock b ... | 2018 | 30240807 |
| novel protein chip for the detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis (ib) caused by the ib virus (ibv) can cause acute damage to chickens around the world. therefore, rapid diagnosis and immune status determination are critical for controlling ibv outbreaks. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) have been widely used in the detection of ibv antibodies in the early infection and continuous infection of ib because they are more sensitive and quicker than other diagnostic methods. | 2018 | 30223836 |
| a self-adjuvanted nanoparticle based vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) affects poultry respiratory, renal and reproductive systems. currently the efficacy of available live attenuated or killed vaccines against ibv has been challenged. we designed a novel ibv vaccine alternative using a highly innovative platform called self-assembling protein nanoparticle (sapn). in this vaccine, b cell epitopes derived from the second heptad repeat (hr2) region of ibv spike proteins were repetitively presented in its native trimeric conformation. ... | 2018 | 30216376 |
| recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses expressing chimeric spike glycoproteins induce partial protective immunity against homologous challenge despite limited replication in vivo. | vaccination regimes against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), which are based on a single virus serotype, often induce insufficient levels of cross-protection against serotypes and two or more antigenically diverse vaccines are used in attempt to provide broader protection. amino acid differences in the surface protein, spike (s), in particular the s1 subunit, are associated with poor cross-protection. here, homologous vaccination trials with recombinant ibvs (ribvs), based on the apathogenic s ... | 2018 | 30209177 |
| oral immunization with a novel attenuated salmonella gallinarum encoding infectious bronchitis virus spike protein induces protective immune responses against fowl typhoid and infectious bronchitis in chickens. | fowl typhoid (ft), a septicemic disease caused by salmonella gallinarum (sg), and infectious bronchitis (ib) are two economically important avian diseases that affect poultry industry worldwide. herein, we exploited a live attenuated sg mutant, jol967, to deliver spike (s) protein 1 of ib virus (v) to elicit protective immunity against both ft and ib in chickens. the codon optimized s1 nucleotide sequence was cloned in-frame into a prokaryotic constitutive expression vector, pjhl65. subsequently ... | 2018 | 30208963 |
| comparative pathogenicity of malaysian qx-like and variant infectious bronchitis virus strains in chickens at different age of exposure to the viruses. | infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) circulating in malaysia are classified into two groups as malaysian qx-like and variant strains. in this study, the pathogenicity of ibs130/2015 (qx-like) and ibs037a/2014 (variant) ibvs in 1-day-old and 30-day-old specific pathogen free (spf) chickens was characterized. both strains caused respiratory and kidney infections based on immunohistochemistry (ihc), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) and a ciliostasis study; however, the result ... | 2018 | 30173857 |
| serological and molecular surveillance of infectious bronchitis virus infection in free-range chickens and guinea fowls in the ga-east district of ghana. | infectious bronchitis is an economically important disease with worldwide distribution. information is available on the presence of infectious bronchitis virus in commercial chicken in parts of ghana but there is no information on free-range poultry and guinea fowls in the country. possible ibv infections among free-range chickens and guinea fowls in abokobi and frafraha communities in the ga-east district of the greater accra region of ghana were investigated using serology and pcr. blood, trac ... | 2018 | 30159336 |
| enhanced pathogenicity of low-pathogenic h9n2 avian influenza virus after vaccination with infectious bronchitis live attenuated vaccine. | in the present study, two experiments were carried out for studying the pathogenicity of h9n2 avian influenza virus (aiv) in broiler chickens after vaccination with different live respiratory viral vaccines. | 2018 | 30147269 |
| otitis and meningoencephalitis associated with infectious coryza ( avibacterium paragallinarum) in commercial broiler chickens. | infectious coryza, caused by avibacterium paragallinarum, is an acute respiratory disease of poultry that can result in substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. in march 2017, the turlock branch of the california animal health and food safety laboratory system encountered an unusual clinical and pathologic presentation of infectious coryza in 6 live, 29-d-old, commercial broiler chickens that were submitted for diagnostic investigation. antemortem evaluation revealed severe neurolo ... | 2018 | 30129392 |
| shell-less egg syndrome (ses) widespread in western canadian layer operations is linked to a massachusetts (mass) type infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolate. | a disease with a sudden drop in egg production and shell-less eggs called, shell-less egg syndrome (ses) has been observed in western canada egg layer flocks since 2010. the etiology of this disease is not known. we hypothesize that ses is caused by an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain since it is known that ibv replicates in the shell gland causing various eggshell abnormalities. in this study, we screened egg layer flocks, in the provinces of alberta (ab) and saskatchewan (sk), with and ... | 2018 | 30126175 |
| a recombinant newcastle disease virus (ndv) expressing s protein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) protects chickens against ibv and ndv. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes a highly contagious respiratory, reproductive and urogenital tract disease in chickens worldwide, resulting in substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. currently, live-attenuated ibv vaccines are used to control the disease. however, safety, attenuation and immunization outcomes of current vaccines are not guaranteed. several studies indicate that attenuated ibv vaccine strains contribute to the emergence of variant viruses in the field due t ... | 2018 | 30097608 |
| safety and efficacy of attenuated classic and variant 2 infectious bronchitis virus candidate vaccines. | vaccination programs against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in egypt depend on both classical and/or imported variant ibv strain vaccines. however, many ibv outbreaks associated with respiratory distress, nephropathy, and high mortalities were attributed to the circulation of both classical and new nephropathogenic ibv variant 2 strains. in the present study, we report the development of attenuated ibv candidate vaccines using the classic ibv strains (ibm41 and ib2) and a nephropathogenic str ... | 2018 | 30085298 |
| deletion of accessory genes 3a, 3b, 5a or 5b from avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus induces an attenuated phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infects domestic fowl, resulting in respiratory disease and causing serious losses in unprotected birds. its control is mainly achieved by using live attenuated vaccines. here we explored the possibilities for rationally attenuating ibv to improve our knowledge regarding the function of ibv accessory proteins and for the development of next-generation vaccines with the recently established reverse genetic system for ibv h52 based on targeted rn ... | 2018 | 30067172 |
| production of recombinant n protein of infectious bronchitis virus using the baculovirus expression system and its assessment as a diagnostic antigen. | the avian coronavirus-infectious bronchitis virus (avcov-ibv) is recognized as an important avian pathogen, and new viral variants are a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. sensitive diagnostics and efficacious vaccines are necessary to combat ibv infections in chickens. the aim of this study was to produce recombinant n protein of ibv in the baculovirus system to use in elisa diagnostic tests in order to enable the assessment of the sero-prevalence and risk of ibv infections in ... | 2019 | 29987628 |
| protection against virulent infectious bronchitis virus challenge conferred by a recombinant baculovirus co-expressing s1 and n proteins. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis, which results in considerable economic losses. it is imperative to develop safe and efficient candidate vaccines to control ibv infection. in the current study, recombinant baculoviruses co-expressing the s1 and n proteins and mono-expressing s1 or n proteins of the gx-yl5 strain of ibv were constructed and prepared into subunit vaccines rhbm-s1-n, rhbm-s1 and rhbm-n. the levels of immune protection of these ... | 2018 | 29954092 |
| effects of dietary yeast nucleotides supplementation on intestinal barrier function, intestinal microbiota, and humoral immunity in specific pathogen-free chickens. | yeast nucleotides are a fine functional additive in human and animals. the effects of dietary yeast nucleotides supplementation on intestinal development, expression of intestinal barrier-related genes, intestinal microbiota, and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) antibody titer of specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were investigated. a total of 60 1-d-old chickens were divided into 4 groups, each of which included 3 replicates of 5 chickens. group 1 served as a control that was fed a basal di ... | 2018 | 29945221 |
| viral interference between low pathogenic avian influenza h9n2 and avian infectious bronchitis viruses in vitro and in ovo. | low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h9n2 and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) are important pathogens of poultry, causing important economic losses for the sector. replication interference between these two viruses was described using cell cultures (cc) and embryonated chicken eggs (ece). chicken embryo lung (cel) and ece were simultaneously or sequentially infected with ibv vaccine strain (h120) and lpaiv-h9n2 (a/ck/tun/145/2012) to evaluate viral interactionsin vitro and in ovo, respectivel ... | 2018 | 29940196 |
| seroprevalence and genotyping of avian infectious bronchitis virus detected from iranian unvaccinated backyard chickens. | different epidemiological studies have found that backyard chickens are a reservoir for poultry diseases. most backyard chicken flocks have a poor level of biosecurity, which increases the risk of spread of diseases. in recent years, the number of backyard chickens has been on the rise in iran. however, the health status of backyard flocks is still poorly documented. thus, this study aimed at examining the seroprevalence of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and molecular surve ... | 2018 | 29922421 |
| in vitro phagocytosis of opsonized latex beads by hd11 cells as a method to assess the general opsonization potential of chicken serum. | opsonins, an important arm of the innate immune system, are various soluble proteins, which play a critical role in destruction of invading pathogens directly or via engulfment of pathogens through the intermediate of phagocytosis. the diversity of opsonin profiles is under genetic influence and may be associated with variation in disease resistance. the aim of this study was to set up an assay to determine serum opsonophagocytic potential (opp) for chicken sera by flow cytometry and to evaluate ... | 2018 | 29920114 |
| molecular characteristic and pathogenicity analysis of a virulent recombinant avain infectious bronchitis virus isolated in china. | a virulent infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), designated as ck/ch/gd/qy16 (referred as qy16), was isolated from a diseased chicken farm in guangdong province, china, in 2016. the complete genome of the strain was sequenced and analyzed. the results show that the genome of qy16 consists of 27,670 nucleotides, excluding poly (a) tail, and that its genome organization is 5' utr-1a-1b-s-3a-3b-e-m-4b-4c-5a-5b-n-6b-3' utr-poly (a) tail. sequence comparison among qy16 and other ibv strains was conducte ... | 2018 | 29917155 |
| rapid development and evaluation of a live-attenuated qx-like infectious bronchitis virus vaccine. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is an acute, highly contagious disease, which causes economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. to control the disease, biosecurity and vaccination are required. in the current research, we rapidly attenuated a qx-like ibv field strain zyy-2014 using passage in embryos at limiting dilution and tested the safety and efficacy of the attenuated chinese qx-like ibv strain zyyr-2014 in 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens through spray route. our result r ... | 2018 | 29891352 |
| preparation and protective efficacy of a chicken embryo kidney cell-attenuation gi-19/qx-like avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine. | avian infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious disease, and hazardous to the poultry industry. immune failure often occurs due to the emergence of new serotypes or field strains antigenically different from the vaccine strains. to prepare a candidate vaccine against the prevalent avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in china, the gi-19/qx-like field isolate sczy3 was selected as the progenitor strain and attenuated via passaging in chicken embryo kidney (cek) cells for 100 times. the ... | 2018 | 29859801 |
| differential innate immune responses induced by classical and variant infectious bronchitis viruses in specific pathogen free chicks. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) continues to cause serious economic losses in global chicken production. concurrent circulation of both classic and variant ibvs have been identified in most parts of the world, raising major challenges to global prevention and control efforts. therefore, immunopathogenesis, particularly early host responses, needs to be better understood for effective control of diseases caused by different strains of ibvs. we investigated differing immunopathogenesis in ... | 2018 | 29751011 |
| field efficacy of an attenuated infectious bronchitis variant 2 virus vaccine in commercial broiler chickens. | egyptian poultry suffer from frequent respiratory disease outbreaks associated with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) variant 2 strains (egy/varii). different vaccination programs using imported vaccines have failed to protect the flocks from field challenge. recent studies confirmed a successful protection using homologous strains as live attenuated vaccines. in this study, a newly developed live attenuated ib-var2 vaccine representing the gi-23 middle east ibv lineage was evaluated in day-old ... | 2018 | 29747397 |
| mir-146a-5p promotes replication of infectious bronchitis virus by targeting irak2 and tnfrsf18. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a coronavirus which infects chickens (gallus gallus) of all ages and causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. the present study aims to analyze the mirnas related to pathogenicity of nephropathogenic ibvs. it was found that four mirnas (mir-1454, mir-3538, mir-146a-5p and mir-215-5p) were related to the infection of virulent nephropathogenic ibv with transcript per million (tpm) > 500 and more than a 2-fold alteration. in vi ... | 2018 | 29702211 |
| effects of hypervariable regions in spike protein on pathogenicity, tropism, and serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus. | to study the roles of hypervariable regions (hvrs) in receptor-binding subunit s1 of the spike protein, we manipulated the genome of the ibv beaudette strain using a reverse genetics system to construct seven recombinant strains by separately or simultaneously replacing the three hvrs of the beaudette strain with the corresponding fragments from a qx-like nephropathogenic isolate ck/ch/ldl/091022 from china. we characterized the growth properties of these recombinant ibvs in vero cells and embry ... | 2018 | 29684409 |
| immunosensor based on antibody-functionalized mos2 for rapid detection of avian coronavirus on cotton thread. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), an avian coronavirus, significantly affects the performance of both the egg-laying and meat-type birds causing the foremost of economic loss in poultry industry. this paper aims to develop a rapid, low-cost, and sensitive biosensor for ibv detection by using molybdenum disulfide (mos2). mos2 is a 2-d nanosheet which has strong high fluorescence-quenching ability when applied to a dye-labeled antibody (ab). in this paper, we developed an ab-functionalized mos2-b ... | 2018 | 32390783 |
| inactivated infectious bronchitis virus vaccine encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles induces mucosal immune responses and effective protection against challenge. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is one of the most important viral diseases of poultry. the mucosa of upper respiratory tract, specially the trachea, is the primary replication site for this virus. however, conventional inactivate ibv vaccines usually elicit reduced mucosal immune responses and local protection. thus, an inactivated ibv vaccine containing br-i genotype strain encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (ibv-cs) was produced by ionic gelation method to be administered by oculo ... | 2018 | 29653848 |
| resiquimod enhances mucosal and systemic immunity against avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine in the chicken. | adjuvant enhancing mucosal immune response is preferred in controlling many pathogens at the portal of entry. earlier, we reported that a toll-like-receptor 7 (tlr7) agonist, resiquimod (r-848), stimulated the systemic immunity when adjuvanted with the inactivated newcastle disease virus vaccine in the chicken. here, we report the effect of r-848 when adjuvanted with live or inactivated avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccines with special emphasis on mucosal immunity. specific pathogen ... | 2018 | 29635053 |
| emergence of a genotype i variant of avian infectious bronchitis virus from northern part of india. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is one of the foremost causes of a persistent economic burden to poultry industries worldwide. ibv belongs to the genus gammacoronavirus within the family coronaviridae. the ibv infection leads to respiratory and nephrogenic symptoms in broiler chickens. in addition, its infection leads to reduced fertility and hatchability in layer birds. we determined the first complete genome sequence of a variant ibv from an outbreak in haryana state of the northern part of ... | 2018 | 29621536 |
| genetic and pathologic characterization of a novel recombinant tc07-2-type avian infectious bronchitis virus. | avian infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) with the tc07-2 genotype have spread rapidly in east asia since they were first reported in china in 2007. in 2015, an ibv with the tc07-2 genotype (designated krd1515) was isolated from layer chickens with severe respiratory symptoms in korea. in the present study, the full-length open reading frames of the spike (s) and nucleocapsid (n) genes of the virus were sequenced and analyzed. s1 gene phylogenetic analysis revealed that the krd1515 virus cluste ... | 2018 | 29620461 |
| comparative evaluation of the pathogenicity of mycoplasma gallinaceum in chickens. | mycoplasma gallinaceum is not among the most pathogenic mycoplasmas affecting poultry, but its continuous re-isolation from flocks in south africa displaying typical signs of mycoplasmosis prompted us to revisit its role in respiratory disease. specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chickens were co-challenged with either m. gallinaceum (mgc) and qx-like infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), or the more virulent mycoplasm gallisepticum (mg) and ibv. no clinical signs were observed apart from sneezing ... | 2018 | 29620458 |
| isolation and characteristics of the arkansas-type infectious bronchitis virus in china. | two infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains, designated as γcov/ck/china/i0712/11 (i0712/11) and γcov/ck/china/i0108/17 (i0108/17), were isolated from diseased chicken flocks in different provinces in china and genotyped as arkansas (ark)-type viruses with three other chinese ark field strains, the jilin vaccine strain, and the american ark- and ark dpi-like viruses. complete genomic sequence analysis and pairwise comparison of nucleotide sequences encoding the s1 subunit of the spike protein ... | 2018 | 29620453 |
| molecular survey of respiratory and immunosuppressive pathogens associated with low pathogenic avian influenza h9n2 subtype and virulent newcastle disease viruses in commercial chicken flocks. | the study was carried out in 48 poultry flocks to elucidate the roles of various complicating pathogens involved along with newcastle disease (nd)/ low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) outbreaks. necropsy was conducted and samples were collected for the isolation of newcastle disease virus (ndv), influenza a virus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), pathogenic bacteria; molecular detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), fowl adeno virus (fav), chicken anaemia virus (cav), mycopla ... | 2017 | 32908424 |
| a duplex rt-pcr assay for detection of h9 subtype avian influenza viruses and infectious bronchitis viruses. | h9 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) are major pathogens circulating in poultry and have resulted in great economic losses due to respiratory disease and reduced egg production. as similar symptoms are elicited by the two pathogens, it is difficult for their differential diagnosis. so far, no reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay has been found to differentiate between h9 aiv and ibv in one reaction. therefore, developing a sensiti ... | 2016 | 32288952 |