| cervical shedding of cytomegalovirus in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women. | cervical shedding of cytomegalovirus (cmv) is important in transmission of cmv to exposed sexual partners and neonates. we evaluated prevalence and correlates of cmv dna shedding in cervical secretions from a large cohort of hiv-1-seropositive women. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, cmv dna was detected in 183 (59%) cervical swab samples from 311 women. cervical shedding of cmv dna was significantly associated with shedding of hiv-1 dna (odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.1-2 ... | 1999 | 10534728 |
| trichomonas vaginalis interactions with fibronectin and laminin. | the sexually transmitted protozoan trichomonas vaginalis cytoadheres to vaginal epithelial cells and causes contact-dependent cytotoxicity which, when combined with the normal exfoliation process, leads to erosion of the epithelium, which may allow trichomonads into extracellular matrix and basement membrane sites. therefore, the association of t. vaginalis with immobilized fibronectin (fn) and laminin (lm) on cover-slips was examined. binding of live parasites to coated cover-slips was time- an ... | 1999 | 10537205 |
| transcription initiation at the tata-less spliced leader rna gene promoter requires at least two dna-binding proteins and a tripartite architecture that includes an initiator element. | eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory signals, defined as core and activator promoter elements, have yet to be identified in the earliest diverging group of eukaryotes, the primitive protozoans, which include the trypanosomatidae family of parasites. the divergence within this family is highlighted by the apparent absence of the "universal" transcription factor tata-binding protein. to understand gene expression in these protists, we have investigated spliced leader rna gene transcription. the r ... | 1999 | 10542223 |
| an outreach programme for sexually transmitted infection screening in street sex workers using self-administered samples. | street sex workers represent an at-risk group of individuals who find it difficult to access mainstream health services. this was a cross-sectional study of street sex workers in melbourne, australia using a self-administered method to detect chlamydial, gonorrhoea and trichomonas infections. of the 81 individuals approached, 63 (78%) (95% ci: 67-86%) agreed to participate. overall, 87% of the participants obtained their results. of the 63 participants, 53 (84%) had a past history of injecting d ... | 1999 | 10563563 |
| improved diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection by pcr using vaginal swabs and urine specimens compared to diagnosis by wet mount microscopy, culture, and fluorescent staining. | four vaginal cotton swab specimens were obtained from each of 804 women visiting the outpatient sexually transmitted disease clinic of the erasmus university medical center rotterdam, rotterdam, the netherlands, for validation of various forms of trichomonas vaginalis diagnostic procedures. one swab specimen was immediately examined by wet mount microscopy, a second swab was placed in kupferberg's trichosel medium for cultivation, and two swabs were placed in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), ph ... | 1999 | 10565943 |
| distraction index. part i: the elusive trich. | | 1999 | 10572266 |
| reproductive-tract infections in women in low-income, low-prevalence situations: assessment of syndromic management in matlab, bangladesh. | in the control of reproductive-tract infections, including sexually transmitted infections (stis), in low-income and middle-income countries, who recommends syndromic management for individuals with symptoms. this intervention was initially developed in areas where prevalence of such infections is high. we investigated the clinical effectiveness and cost of this approach among a group of women with a low prevalence of infection. | 1999 | 10577639 |
| resolution of six chromosomes of trichomonas vaginalis and conservation of size and number among isolates. | the electrophoretic karyotype of trichomonas vaginalis isolates was determined by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis. six chromosomal bands ranging between 50 kbp and 6 mbp were reliably resolved by our separation method. trichomonad chromosomes fell into 3 distinct size classes. the 3 maxichromosomes were approximately 5,700, 4,700, and 3,500 kbp. two intermediate-sized chromosomes were approximately 1,200 kbp and 1,100 kbp. a minichromosome was approximately 75 kbp. the ... | 1999 | 10577741 |
| [incidence and management of male urethritis in the district of tunis]. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of male urethritis and the relative frequency of the different etiological agents in order to adapt standard case management. | 1999 | 10587990 |
| use of spun urine to enhance detection of trichomonas vaginalis in adolescent women. | diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection is traditionally performed by microscopic examination of vaginal fluid. although this technique is relatively insensitive compared with culture, it is widely used because of its lower cost and immediate results. | 1999 | 10591297 |
| upstream regulatory sequences required for expression of the trichomonas vaginalis alpha-succinyl coa synthetase gene. | | 1999 | 10593185 |
| the flagellated parasite trichomonas vaginalis: new insights into cytopathogenicity mechanisms. | our knowledge concerning cytopathogenicity of trichomonas vaginalis has been enriched in the past by numerous findings. in this paper, we review the latest advances in the field and discuss the different mechanisms and molecules responsible for the parasite's virulence. | 1999 | 10594979 |
| a study on the potential role of trichomonas vaginalis in transmission of herpes simplex virus type ii. | some strains of trichomonas vaginalis have been reported to contain virus-like particles (vlp). whether they were natural inhabitants or acquired from the host, the emerging question will be about the potential role of this protozoan in viral transmission. the present model have been established for studying the ability of t. vaginalis to acquire herpes simplex virus type ii (hsv). green monkey kidney cells (vero cells) were infected with hcv and t. vaginalis was inoculated 3 days later. the pro ... | 1999 | 10605506 |
| [prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among pregnant tunisian women and validation of a clinical algorithm proposed by who for the management of sexually transmitted diseases]. | the objectives of our study are to assess the prevalence of std agents in tunisia and to validate the who algorithm of std management. the most frequent std agents are trichomonas vaginalis and chlamydiae trachomatis, respectively with a prevalence of 5.6% and 1.7%. the assessment of the syndromic approach shows that the sensitivity and specificity of the who algorithm can be improved by the introduction of risk factors. the training of health care service providers and the use of an algorithm i ... | 1999 | 10609411 |
| trichomonad invasion of the mucous layer requires adhesins, mucinases, and motility. | trichomonas vaginalis, the causal agent of trichomonosis, is a flagellated parasitic protozoan that colonises the epithelial cells of the human urogenital tract. the ability of t vaginalis to colonise this site is in part a function of its ability to circumvent a series of non-specific host defences including the mucous layer covering epithelial cells at the site of infection. mucin, the framework molecule of mucus, forms a lattice structure that serves as a formidable physical barrier to microb ... | 1999 | 10615308 |
| national guideline for the management of trichomonas vaginalis. clinical effectiveness group (association for genitourinary medicine and the medical society for the study of venereal diseases). | | 1999 | 10616377 |
| epidemiologic issues of sexually transmitted diseases in sexual assault victims. | the objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic aspects of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) in victims of sexual assault and to discuss the methodological issues in determining risk of std acquisition. we performed a comprehensive review of the medical literature to determine the prevalence of stds in victims of sexual assault. a medline search and a search of bibliographies of published manuscripts was performed to discover relevant articles published in the english languag ... | 2000 | 10639679 |
| [a biotype study of gardnerella vaginalis isolated from patients with and without symptoms of bacterial vaginosis]. | a simple and reproducible proposed for benito et al. scheme for identification biotypes of gardnerella vaginalis has been developed, based on reactions for lipase, hippurate, hydrolysis, and beta-galactosidase. | 1999 | 10650646 |
| resistance of trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole: report of the first three cases from finland and optimization of in vitro susceptibility testing under various oxygen concentrations. | trichomonas vaginalis is a globally common sexually transmitted human parasite. many strains of t. vaginalis from around the world have been described to be resistant to the current drug of choice, metronidazole. however, only a few cases of metronidazole resistance have been reported from europe. the resistant strains cause prolonged infections which are difficult to treat. t. vaginalis infection also increases the risk for human immunodeficiency virus transmission. we present a practical metho ... | 2000 | 10655382 |
| the complete cdna sequence of a type ii trichomonas vaginalis virus. | trichomonas vaginalis viruses (tvv), which may regulate p270 gene expression in the protozoan pathogen t. vaginalis, are a group of divergent double-stranded (ds) rna viruses. in the present study, the complete 4674-bp cdna sequence of a 4.6-kb ds rna from a newly identified tvv2-1 isolate was determined. the sequence of the plus-strand mrna contains four open reading frames, which encode overlapping cap and pol genes in the reading frame 2 and reading frame 1, respectively, and two putative ser ... | 2000 | 10662630 |
| disease prevalence in women attending the std clinic in mumbai (formerly bombay), india. | our objectives were to determine the prevalence of neisseria gonorrhoeae and its association with other std causing organisms. three hundred and thirty-six consecutive women (female sex workers (fsws) and married contacts), attending a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic in mumbai, were screened for n. gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis and trichomonas vaginalis. per speculum examination was performed and clinical signs were recorded. symptoms perceived by the women were also recorded. the ... | 2000 | 10667900 |
| immunolocalization of two hydrogenosomal enzymes of trichomonas vaginalis. | three monoclonal antibodies specific for malic enzyme and for the alpha- and beta-subunits, respectively, of the succinyl-coenzyme a (coa) synthetase of trichomonas vaginalis were used to immunolocalize these proteins in the cell. all antibodies labeled the hydrogenosome matrix as determined both by immunofluorescence and by immunogold staining. there was no labeling on the cell surface or in any other cell compartment. these results support the idea that these proteins are restricted to a hydro ... | 2000 | 10669133 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: detection of nucleoside hydrolase activity as a potential screening procedure. | | 2000 | 10673349 |
| effect of chlorhexidine on genital microflora, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. | chlorhexidine is a disinfectant that has been used in skin and mouth washes and as a preservative in some vaginal lubricants. a gel containing 0.25% chlorhexidine gluconate has been found to be effective against chlamydia trachomatis in vitro and in animal models. applied vaginally, 5 g of this gel could achieve vaginal fluid concentrations of < or = 1250 microg/ml. | 2000 | 10676973 |
| the impact of regular vaginal ph screening on the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. | bacterial vaginosis has recently been associated with preterm labor and delivery. the purpose of our study was to determine whether regular prenatal vaginal ph testing resulted in more frequent diagnoses of bacterial vaginosis and other vaginal infections, more frequent treatment with antibiotics, and fewer preterm deliveries. we also sought to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ph testing and vaginal symptom reporting in identifying vaginal infections. | 2000 | 10678339 |
| antigenicity of trichomonas vaginalis heat-shock proteins in human infections. | patients infected with trichomonas vaginalis mount humoral and cellular immune responses that often do not protect against reinfection. the oxidative stressors produced by leukocytes may trigger a heat-shock-like response in t. vaginalis trophozoites, helping the parasite to survive host immune defenses. the antigenicity of t. vaginalis heat-shock proteins (hsps) was examined by immunoprecipitation of t. vaginalis heat-induced proteins with sera from infected patients and controls. when t. vagin ... | 2000 | 10685842 |
| the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection in rural thai women. | a cross sectional study was designed to investigate the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis among different groups of rural women in the northeast thailand. the presence of chlamydial antigens in endocervical swabs was detected by elisa. the prevalences of chlamydia trachomatis were 6.8% (31/485), 5.2% (24/466) and 6.7% (12/179) in women attending antenatal, postpartum and family planning clinics respectively. the average prevalences of c. trachomatis among hospital-based and community-based wom ... | 1999 | 10695789 |
| etiology of sexually transmitted infections among street-based female sex workers in dhaka, bangladesh. | an etiological study of sexually transmitted infections (stis) was conducted among female sex workers (fsws) in dhaka, bangladesh. endocervical swab and blood samples from 269 street-based fsws were examined for neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, and trichomonas vaginalis as well as for antibodies to treponema pallidum and herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2). sociodemographic data and data regarding behavior were also collected. a total of 226 of the 269 fsws (84%) were positive for the st ... | 2000 | 10699032 |
| failure to detect dna in hydrogenosomes of trichomonas vaginalis by nick translation and immunomicroscopy. | | 2000 | 10699261 |
| preliminary screening of antiprotozoal activity of extracts from cotula cinerea l. | ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n.butanol extracts of cotula cinerea l. were tested for their antiprotozoal activity against two species of trichomonas: trichomonas intestinalis and trichomonas vaginalis. it has been found that the growth of both trichomonas was significantly inhibited. | 1999 | 10709453 |
| screening of antibacterial and antiparasitic activities of six moroccan medicinal plants. | the extracts of six plants selected on the basis of folk-medicine reports were examined for their antibacterial effects against eight pathogenic bacteria. the results showed that n-butanol extract of calotropis procera proved to be the most effective against the bacteria tested using the paper disc diffusion method. the antiprotozoal activity was also examined and showed that ethyl ether extract of sium nodiflorum exhibits a parasiticidal effect against trichomonas intestinalis and vaginalis. | 1999 | 10709454 |
| trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis. coexistence in vaginal wet mount preparations from pregnant women. | to identify how frequently trichomoniasis and characteristics of bacterial vaginosis (bv) occur concomitantly in wet mount preparations from pregnant women. | 2000 | 10710744 |
| presence of a member of the mitochondrial carrier family in hydrogenosomes: conservation of membrane-targeting pathways between hydrogenosomes and mitochondria. | a number of microaerophilic eukaryotes lack mitochondria but possess another organelle involved in energy metabolism, the hydrogenosome. limited phylogenetic analyses of nuclear genes support a common origin for these two organelles. we have identified a protein of the mitochondrial carrier family in the hydrogenosome of trichomonas vaginalis and have shown that this protein, hmp31, is phylogenetically related to the mitochondrial adp-atp carrier (aac). we demonstrate that the hydrogenosomal aac ... | 2000 | 10713172 |
| [the preoperative preparation of the vagina with betadine before abortion on demand]. | recent evidence has associated bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis with several postoperative complications. we carried out a prospective study aiming to estimate the frequency of vaginitis in women wanting to make an artificial abortion and the possibility to influence this infections by local application of vaginal betadine suppositories in all forms of infectious vaginitis: candida albicans, trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis. | 1999 | 10734676 |
| comparative pathogenicity of trichomonas vaginalis isolated from symptomatic & asymptomatic cases. | pathogenicity of 19 isolates of t.vaginalis obtained from vaginal specimens were studied in the murine model by intraperitoneal route. sixteen isolates were recovered from the females with various clinical conditions and 3 isolates were from normal healthy females. pathogenicity level of these isolates were studied by inoculating 5 mice per isolates through intraperitoneal route and the animals were sacrificed on tenth day post-inoculation. in general, all the isolates recovered produced infecti ... | 1997 | 10740726 |
| competition and protease sensitivity assays provide evidence for the existence of a hydrogenosomal protein import machinery in trichomonas vaginalis. | hydrogenosomes are double membrane bounded redox organelles found in a number of amitochondriate protists and fungi. they are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and atp synthesis and thus resemble mitochondria. molecular analysis of the hydrogenosomal heat shock proteins hsp70, hsp60 and hsp10 in trichomonas vaginalis, one of the deepest-branching eukaryotes known to date, has revealed that these group exclusively with mitochondrial heat shock proteins. this finding indicates strongly that a pr ... | 2000 | 10743607 |
| centrin protein and genes in trichomonas vaginalis and close relatives. | anti-centrin monoclonal antibodies 20h5 and 11b2 produced against clamydomononas centrin decorated the group of basal bodies as well as very closely attached structures in all trichomonads studied and in the devescovinids foaina and devescovina. moreover, these antibodies decorated the undulating membrane in trichomonas vaginalis, trichomitus batrachorum, and tritrichomonas foetus, and the cresta in foaina. centrin was not demonstrated in the dividing spindle and paradesmosis. immunogold labelin ... | 2000 | 10750840 |
| gynaecological infections as risk determinants of subsequent cervical neoplasia. | a longitudinal cohort study was carried out to determine whether gynaecological infections other than human papillomavirus (hpv) are also related to the subsequent increased risk of cervical neoplasia. the study comprised 19114 women attending the organized mass screening in finland in 1985-1990 with cytologically detected hpv, actinomyces, herpes simplex, trichomonas vaginalis, or yeast. the women were followed-up for subsequent preinvasive lesions and invasive cancers until the end of 1994 by ... | 2000 | 10752657 |
| why is trichomonas vaginalis ignored? | | 1999 | 10754936 |
| high prevalence of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in women presenting in different clinical settings in jamaica: implications for control strategies. | to determine the prevalence of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection and risk factors in women attending family planning, gynaecology, and sexually transmitted disease (std) clinics in jamaica. | 1999 | 10754948 |
| estimating the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus infection in indigenous women in northern australia. | to estimate more accurately the age specific prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus infection (hpv) in indigenous women living in urban, rural, and remote areas of the "top end" of the northern territory (nt). | 1999 | 10754952 |
| pathogenesis of abnormal vaginal bacterial flora. | this study was undertaken to determine the relationships between microscopy findings on wet mounts, such as lactobacillary grade or vaginal leukocytosis, and results of vaginal culture, lactate and succinate content of the vagina, and levels of selected cytokines. | 2000 | 10764465 |
| a novel cysteine proteinase (cp65) of trichomonas vaginalis involved in cytotoxicity. | the goal of this study was to demonstrate the participation in cellular damage of a trichomonas vaginalis proteinase with a molecular mass of 65 kda (cp65). by two dimensional gelatin-gel electrophoresis of trichomonad proteins we detected four spots with proteolytic activity on the 65 kda region, but only one, pi 7.2, binds to the hela cell surface. by indirect immunofluorescence, rabbit antibodies against this proteinase localized the cp65 on the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm of t. vagi ... | 2000 | 10764610 |
| can a two-glass urine test or leucocyte esterase test of first-void urine improve syndromic management of male urethritis in southern thailand? | the goal of this study was to determine whether a urine two-glass test or a leucocyte esterase (le) test of first-void urine (fvu) improve the sensitivity or specificity of the world health organization (who) algorithm for the syndromic management of men with urethritis in southern thailand. a secondary aim was to determine whether infection with trichomonas vaginalis was sufficiently common to include treatment for it in a syndromic management protocol. one hundred and twenty-nine men with symp ... | 2000 | 10772086 |
| treatment of sexually transmitted bacterial diseases in pregnant women. | testing for and treating sexually transmitted diseases (stds) in pregnant women deserves special attention. treatment possibilities are limited because of potential risks for the developing fetus, and because effects can differ in pregnant compared with non-pregnant women, re-infection may be missed because of the intrinsic delicacy of contact-tracing during pregnancy and because pregnant women are more reluctant to take the prescribed medication in its full dose, if at all. however, the devasta ... | 2000 | 10776830 |
| comparative prevalence of infection with trichomonas vaginalis among men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. | although established in women as a common cause of vaginal discharge, the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) in men compared with other classic urethral pathogens has not been well characterized. to assess this issue, the authors compared the prevalence of neisseria gonorrhoeae (gc), chlamydia trachomatis (ct), and tv in consecutive men attending a sexually transmitted diseases (std) clinic. | 2000 | 10782747 |
| consider diagnosis and treatment of trichomoniasis in men. | | 2000 | 10782748 |
| correlation between trichomoniasis vaginalis and female infertility. | trichomoniasis vaginalis is one of the common parasitic infection in females. the present results showed that infertile women with t. vaginalis with or without pathogenic microorganisms have decreased c3 & c4, increased iga level in vaginal discharge and increased serum prolactin. so. t. vaginalis is incriminated as one of the causes of their infertility. | 2000 | 10786039 |
| interventions for trichomoniasis in pregnancy. | vaginitis due to trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common of sexually transmitted diseases. trichomoniasis affects women during pregnancy as well but it is not clearly established whether it causes preterm birth and other pregnancy complications. | 2000 | 10796181 |
| interventions for treating trichomoniasis in women. | around 120 million women worldwide suffer from trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis every year. the infection is sexually transmitted and is believed to facilitate hiv transmission. the objective of the review is to assess the effects of various treatment strategies for trichomoniasis in women. | 2000 | 10796512 |
| antifungal and antiprotozoal activities of saponins from hedera colchica. | | 2000 | 10798254 |
| validity of the vaginal discharge algorithm among pregnant and non-pregnant women in nairobi, kenya. | to evaluate the validity of different algorithms for the diagnosis of gonococcal and chlamydial infections among pregnant and non-pregnant women consulting health services for vaginal discharge in nairobi, kenya. | 2000 | 10817066 |
| a randomized trial of intravaginal nonoxynol 9 versus oral metronidazole in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. | this study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of nonoxynol 9 suppositories in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. | 2000 | 10819810 |
| incidence and predictors of reinfection with trichomonas vaginalis in hiv-infected women. | the presence of sexually transmitted infections (stis) may facilitate transmission of hiv to uninfected partners. | 2000 | 10821602 |
| evolution of the eukaryotic translation termination system: origins of release factors. | accurate translation termination is essential for cell viability. in eukaryotes, this process is strictly maintained by two proteins, eukaryotic release factor 1 (erf1), which recognizes all stop codons and hydrolyzes peptidyl-trna, and eukaryotic release factor 3 (erf3), which is an elongation factor 1alpha (ef-1alpha) homolog stimulating erf1 activity. to retrace the evolution of this core system, we cloned and sequenced the erf3 genes from trichomonas vaginalis (parabasalia) and giardia lambl ... | 2000 | 10833194 |
| trichomonas vaginalis in urine cytology. | | 2000 | 10834019 |
| the length of the combined 3' untranslated region and poly(a) tail does not control rates of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mrna translation in three species of parasitic protists. | experimental observations suggested that the length of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) mrna 3' end has a role in regulating rates of translation in the parasitic protists trypanosoma brucei, leishmania donovani, and trichomonas vaginalis. using a pcr assay for poly(a) tail length, we measured the size of the rna 3' end under different growth conditions in all three species. our results showed that the combined 3' untranslated region and poly(a) tail of gapdh mrna do not vary ... | 2000 | 10852893 |
| cytopathogenic effect of trichomonas vaginalis on human vaginal epithelial cells cultured in vitro. | in this study we established human vaginal epithelial cells (hvecs) in culture and evaluated their interaction with trichomonas vaginalis parasites to complement previous studies using other cell types. primary cultures of hvecs were established. contaminating fibroblasts were separated from epithelial cells by differential trypsinization. specific antibody staining revealed that over 92% of cells in hvec monolayers were epithelial cells. t. vaginalis adhered to hvecs and produced severe cytotox ... | 2000 | 10858237 |
| host and tissue specificity of trichomonas vaginalis is not mediated by its known adhesion proteins. | adhesion of trichomonas vaginalis is believed to be dependent on four adhesion proteins, which are thought to bind to vaginal epithelial cells in a specific manner with a ligand-receptor type of interaction. however, the specific receptors on the host cell have not yet been identified. in this work, the ability of the t. vaginalis adhesins to bind to cells of different histologic derivations and from different species has been studied. hela, cho, and vero cell lines; erythrocytes from different ... | 2000 | 10858260 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: characterization, expression, and phylogenetic analysis of a carbamate kinase gene sequence. | the gene encoding carbamate kinase (cbk, atp:carbamate phosphotransferase, ec 2.7.2.2) from trichomonas vaginalis has been sequenced and its expression in this protozoon has been verified using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. the codon usage and percentage nucleotide composition in the coding and noncoding regions are consistent with other genes isolated from this parasite. phylogenetic analysis of this gene has suggested possible speciation events that are congruent with other ... | 2000 | 10864518 |
| non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) due to trichomonas vaginalis in ibadan. | two hundred and sixty two male patients attending the special treatment clinic (stc) of the university college hospital, ibadan between july and december 1989, were examined for trichomonas vaginalis as a cause of non-gonococcal urethritis using both microscopic and culture methods. thirteen of the 262 male patients were the sexual partners of trichomonas vaginalis infected women. while 47(17.9) percent of the 262 men investigated had gonococcal urethritis, 215(82.1 percent) had non-gonococcal u ... | 1999 | 10876736 |
| 18s ribosomal dna-based pcr for diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis remains the most common sexually transmitted parasite in the world and is considered a major risk factor in the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. a pcr technique using primers targeting a specific region of the 18s rrna gene of t. vaginalis was developed. the pcr test was standardized using 15 reference strains, giving a single product of 312 bp in all strains. no amplification was observed when dna from related organisms or human dna was used as a target. t ... | 2000 | 10878064 |
| incidence of gardnerella vaginalis, candida sp and human papilloma virus in cytological smears. | in spite of the wide-ranging literature on the microbiology of normal and abnormal flora of the vagina, there are few studies on the relationship between human papilloma virus (hpv) and other vaginal microorganisms. | 2000 | 10887386 |
| in vitro screening of american plant extracts on trypanosoma cruzi and trichomonas vaginalis. | from the beginning of this decade and with the revival of the phytotherapy, biological research about immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiprotozoal effects of central and south american plants have been in progress. our objective was to determine the antiprotozoal activity of 79 extracts from different plant families, including asteraceae, araceae, moraceae, solanaceae, rhamnaceae, zingiberaceae, leguminosae and sapotaceae. once matching with herbarium specimens authenticated the plants, ... | 2000 | 10904152 |
| prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among clients of female commercial sex workers in thailand. | clients of commercial sex workers are considered at high risk for the acquisition and transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (stds). identification and treatment of infections in this group could help to reduce the transmission of stds. | 2000 | 10907913 |
| interventions for treating trichomoniasis in women. | around 120 million women worldwide suffer from trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis every year. the infection is sexually transmitted and is believed to facilitate hiv transmission. | 2000 | 10908466 |
| [microbiological evaluation of the vagina in women being screened for inflammatory and precancerous conditions of female genitalia]. | the aim of this work was to study the microbiology of vaginal secretion in 3665 (19 to 72 year old) women investigated in the screening programme for inflammatory and malignant diseases. microbiological examinations of the vaginal contents were carried out using direct preparations (miller and gram methods) and different media for cultures. normal biocenosis (i and ii grade of cleanliness) of the vagina was observed in 40.74% investigated patients. abnormal biocenosis was classified as early, ad ... | 1999 | 10910658 |
| gestational bleeding, bacterial vaginosis, and common reproductive tract infections: risk for preterm birth and benefit of treatment. | to examine associations between bacterial vaginosis and other prevalent lower genital tract infections and clinically recognized first-trimester bleeding; possible independent and joint effects of gestational bleeding and bacterial vaginosis or other prevalent infections on preterm birth and premature rupture of membranes; and effects of antimicrobial treatment on reducing risks of preterm birth among these women. | 1999 | 10912974 |
| molecular epidemiology of metronidazole resistance in a population of trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates. | trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent for human trichomoniasis, is a problematic sexually transmitted disease mainly in women, where it may be asymptomatic or cause severe vaginitis and cervicitis. despite its high prevalence, the genetic variability and drug resistance characteristics of this organism are poorly understood. to address these issues, genetic analyses were performed on 109 clinical isolates using three approaches. first, two internal transcribed spacer (its) regions flanking ... | 2000 | 10921968 |
| characterization, cloning and immunolocalization of a coronin homologue in trichomonas vaginalis. | on adhesion to host cells the flagellate trichomonas vaginalis switches to an amoeboid form rich in actin microfilaments. we have undertaken the identification of actin-associated proteins that regulate actin dynamics. a monoclonal antibody 4c12 raised against a cytoskeletal fraction of t. vaginalis labeled a protein doublet at circa 50 kda. these two bands were recognized by the antibody against dictyostelium discoideum coronin. during cell extraction and actin polymerization, t. vaginalis coro ... | 2000 | 10928457 |
| strategies by which some pathogenic trichomonads integrate diverse signals in the decision-making process. | the interaction between each one of trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus with their hosts is a complex process in which components associated to the cell surfaces of both parasites and host epithelial cells, and also to soluble components found in vaginal/urethral secretions, are involved. either cytoadhesion or the cytotoxicity exerted by parasites to host cells can be dictated by virulence factors such as adhesins, cysteine proteinases, laminin-binding proteins, integrins, integrin- ... | 2000 | 10932116 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: analysis of a heat-inducible member of the cytosolic heat-shock-protein 70 multigene family. | a 2253-nucleotide (nt) transcript for a trichomonas vaginalis heat-shock protein 70, tvchsp70, has been isolated that encodes for a protein of 659 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 71.3 kda. tvchsp70 has a short (10-nt) 5' untranslated region (utr), and the 263-nt 3' utr is the longest reported for a trichomonas peptide. amino-acid sequence analysis and phylogenetic comparison identifies tvchsp70 as a member of the heat-inducible cytoplasmic hsp70 gene family. southern-blot data i ... | 2000 | 10935914 |
| vaginal fetal fibronectin measurements from 8 to 22 weeks' gestation and subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. | we sought to determine the range of fetal fibronectin values in the vagina from 8 to 22 weeks' gestation, the factors associated with both low and high values, and whether high values are associated with gestational age at birth. | 2000 | 10942489 |
| cp30, a cysteine proteinase involved in trichomonas vaginalis cytoadherence. | we describe here the participation of a trichomonas vaginalis 30-kda proteinase (cp30) with affinity to the hela cell surface in attachment of this parasite to host epithelial cells. the cp30 band is a cysteine proteinase because its activity was inhibited by e-64, a thiol proteinase inhibitor. in two-dimensional substrate gel electrophoresis of total extracts of the trichomonad isolate cncd 147, three spots with proteolytic activity were detected in the 30-kda region, in the pi range from 4.5 t ... | 2000 | 10948104 |
| improvement of clinical algorithms for the diagnosis of neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis by the use of gram-stained smears among female sex workers in accra, ghana. | screening for cervical infection is difficult in developing countries. screening strategies must be improved for high-risk women, such as female sex workers. | 2000 | 10949431 |
| [neonatal respiratory insufficiency caused by maternal infection with trichomonas vaginalis]. | authors presented cases of two premature newborns with severe respiratory insufficiency due to congenital maternal trichomonas vaginalis infection requiring mechanical ventilation. they focused on this special perinatal problem and also on diagnostical and therapeutical modalities of this newly recognised syndrome in the early neonatal period. | 2000 | 10979312 |
| a comparative study of genotoxic effects in the treatment of trichomonas vaginalis infection: metronidazole or nalidixic acid. | we performed a prospective randomized study to compare the potential genotoxic effects of metronidazole and nalidixic acid which they are used in the treatment of trichomonas vaginalis infection. 20 patients with trichomonas vaginalis infections participated in this study. 14 patients with vaginal trichomoniasis were treated with therapeutic doses of metronidazole 250 mg 3 times/d and six patients were treated with nalidixic acid 400 mg twice a day for 10 d. the genotoxic potential of a variety ... | 2000 | 10985613 |
| new pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines: synthesis and biological activity. | some new pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines and related heterocycles were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal and antiparasitic activities. the key intermediate, 6-amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5-carbonitrile (3) was obtained in a one-pot synthesis via the reaction of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-nitroso-1-phenylpyrazole 2 with malononitrile. | 2000 | 10989833 |
| do anti-tricomonas vaginalis antibodies recognize hiv gp41? | | 2000 | 10997416 |
| purification and specificity of two alpha-glucosidase isoforms of the parasitic protist trichomonas vaginalis. | two isoforms of alpha-glucosidase were purified from the parasitic protist trichomonas vaginalis. both consisted of 103 kda subunits, but differed in ph optimum and substrate specificity. isoform 1 had a ph optimum around 4.5 and negligible activity on glucose oligomers other than maltose, while isoform 2 with a ph optimum of 5.5 hydrolyzed also such substrates at considerable rates. neither had activity on glycogen or starch. isoform 1 had a specific activity for hydrolysis of maltose of 30 u/m ... | 2000 | 11001140 |
| contributions of the axostyle and flagella to closed mitosis in the protists tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis. | tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis are protists that undergo closed mitosis: the nuclear envelope remains intact and the spindle remains extranuclear. here we show, in disagreement with previous studies, that the axostyle does not disappear during mitosis but rather actively participates in it. we document the main structural modifications of the cell during its cell cycle using video enhanced microscopy and computer animation, bright field light microscopy, confocal laser scanning ... | 2000 | 11001145 |
| the interaction of trichomonas vaginalis with epithelial cells, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes on vaginal smears: light microscopic observation. | in this study, vaginal smears taken from 400 patients were examined cytologically using the papanicolaou technique. twenty of the 400 patients were detected as harbouring trichomonas vaginalis. the interactions of t. vaginalis with epithelial cells, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmnls) and erythrocytes were determined at light microscopic level. it was observed that t. vaginalis were juxtaposed to the epithelial cells and changed shape according to the contours of the epithelial cell revealing t ... | 2000 | 11014660 |
| detection of trichomonosis in vaginal and urine specimens from women by culture and pcr. | vaginal trichomonosis is a highly prevalent infection which has been associated with human immunodeficiency virus acquisition and preterm birth. culture is the current "gold standard" for diagnosis. as urine-based testing using dna amplification techniques becomes more widely used for other sexually transmitted diseases (stds) such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, a similar technique for trichomonosis would be highly desirable. women attending an std clinic for a new complaint were screened for trich ... | 2000 | 11015368 |
| origin and evolution of eukaryotic chaperonins: phylogenetic evidence for ancient duplications in cct genes. | chaperonins are oligomeric protein-folding complexes which are divided into two distantly related structural classes. group i chaperonins (called groel/cpn60/hsp60) are found in bacteria and eukaryotic organelles, while group ii chaperonins are present in archaea and the cytoplasm of eukaryotes (called cct/tric). while archaea possess one to three chaperonin subunit-encoding genes, eight distinct cct gene families (paralogs) have been characterized in eukaryotes. we are interested in determining ... | 2000 | 11018153 |
| dependence of trichomonas vaginalis upon polyamine backconversion. | trichomonas vaginalis grown for 16 h in the presence of [(14)c]spermine formed a high intracellular pool of [(14)c]spermidine and a small but detectable pool of [(14)c]putrescine. when [(3)h]putrescine was added to the growth medium, a large intracellular pool of [(3)h]putrescine was found, but it was not further metabolized, confirming previous studies suggesting the absence of a forward-directed polyamine synthetic pathway in t. vaginalis. spermidine:sperminen:(1)-acetyltransferase (ssat) and ... | 2000 | 11021947 |
| in vitro sensitivity of trichomonas vaginalis to dna topoisomerase ii inhibitors. | vaginal trichomoniasis is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted disease caused by a microaerophilic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. the disease is one of the most common sexually transmitted disease and can augment the predisposition of individuals to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. although the disease can be treated with metronidazole and related 5-nitroimidazole, cases of trichomonal vaginitis which are refractory to standard treatment seems to be increasing. clearly, new ant ... | 2000 | 11023077 |
| trichomonas vaginalis epidemiology: parameterising and analysing a model of treatment interventions. | trichomonas vaginalis, which affects at least 170 million individuals globally, may increase the risk of transmission of hiv and predispose pregnant women to premature rupture of membranes and early labour. | 2000 | 11026878 |
| risk and prevalence of treatable sexually transmitted diseases at a birmingham substance abuse treatment facility. | we evaluated the prevalence of gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and syphilis in patients entering residential drug treatment. | 2000 | 11029998 |
| effect of a cellulose acetate phthalate topical cream on vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus in rhesus monkeys. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection continues to spread in developing countries, mostly through heterosexual transmission. the development of a safe and cost-effective topical microbicide, effective against a range of stds including hiv-1, would greatly impact the ongoing epidemic. when formulated in a vehicle, a micronized form of cellulose acetate phthalate (cap), which is an inactive pharmaceutical excipient, has been shown to inactivate hiv-1, herpes simplex virus types 1 a ... | 2000 | 11036053 |
| blastocystis hominis: a simplified, high-efficiency method for clonal growth on solid agar. | colony growth of protozoan parasites in agar can be useful for axenization, cloning, and viability studies. this is usually achieved with the pour plate method, for which the parasite colonies are situated within the agar. this technique has been described for giardia intestinalis, trichomonas vaginalis, and entamoeba and blastocystis species. extracting such colonies can be laborious. it would be especially useful if parasites could be grown on agar as colonies. these colonies, being exposed on ... | 2000 | 11038315 |
| [verification of identification of infectious agents by culture in routine gynecologic cytological screening]. | the original bethesda classification system for reporting cervical/vaginal cytologic diagnoses has claimed besides oncologic evaluation also a statement on the presence of infectious agents. their diagnosis should be followed by appropriate treatment. based upon the comparison of careful bacterioscopic study in a series of 175 routine cervical smears with the results of microbiological, virological and mycological examinations the following pathogens might be-according to the authors' opinion-di ... | 1999 | 11038666 |
| iron hydrogenases and the evolution of anaerobic eukaryotes. | hydrogenases, oxygen-sensitive enzymes that can make hydrogen gas, are key to the function of hydrogen-producing organelles (hydrogenosomes), which occur in anaerobic protozoa scattered throughout the eukaryotic tree. hydrogenases also play a central role in the hydrogen and syntrophic hypotheses for eukaryogenesis. here, we show that sequences related to iron-only hydrogenases ([fe] hydrogenases) are more widely distributed among eukaryotes than reports of hydrogen production have suggested. ge ... | 2000 | 11070057 |
| lateral gene transfer and metabolic adaptation in the human parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | | 2000 | 11070064 |
| levels of vaginal secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor are decreased in women with lower reproductive tract infections. | secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor contributes resistance to primary human immunodeficiency virus infection in the oral cavity. however, the levels of this inhibitor in the genital tract of women with sexually transmitted diseases or vaginitis are not well described. the objective was to determine vaginal inhibitor levels in women with symptomatic and asymptomatic genital infections. | 2000 | 11084573 |
| pyridazine n-oxides. iii. synthesis and "in vitro" antimicrobial properties of n-oxide derivatives based on tricyclic indeno[2,1-c]pyridazine and benzo[f]cinnoline systems. | a number of 9h-indeno[2,1-c]pyridazine n-oxides (3a-c) and benzo[f]cinnoline n-oxides (4,5a-c) have been synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity. all new products were inactive against gram negative bacteria and fungi. in contrast, among the compounds synthesized, 3b, 4b and 5b showed a moderate activity against gram positive staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis. of the present series, the 9-nitro-benzo[f]cinnoline n-oxide 5b possessed the highest activity especially ag ... | 2000 | 11092137 |
| is there a protective role for vaginal flora? | the notion of a protective vaginal flora is relatively new. resident flora manifest colonization resistance to prevent or reduce the likelihood of exogenous microorganisms, viruses, bacteria, yeast, or parasites becoming established in the lower genital tract of women following sexual (hiv, neisseria gonorrhoeae, escherichia coli, candida albicans, trichomonas vaginalis) or nonsexual (uropathogenic e. coli) transmission. the concept of preserving or reestablishing protective flora has been haste ... | 1999 | 11095812 |
| the use of molecular techniques for the diagnosis and epidemiologic study of sexually transmitted infections. | molecular diagnostic tests are more sensitive and, in many cases, more specific than conventional laboratory methods for the detection of sexually transmitted infections. here, we review recently developed molecular methods for the diagnosis and subtyping of the most common sexually transmitted infections: infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, human papillomavirus, trichomonas vaginalis, and the agents of genital ulcer disease (haemophilus ducreyi, herpes simplex vir ... | 2000 | 11095835 |
| phylogenomic analysis of the alpha proteasome gene family from early-diverging eukaryotes. | we employed a phylogenomic approach to study the evolution of alpha subunits of the proteasome gene family from early diverging eukaryotes. blast similarity searches of the giardia lamblia genome identified all seven alpha proteasome genes characteristic of eukaryotes from the crown group. in addition, a pcr strategy for the amplification of multiple alpha subunit sequences generated single alpha proteasome products for representatives of the kinetoplastida (leishmania major), the parabasalia (t ... | 2000 | 11116327 |
| a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of monthly azithromycin prophylaxis to prevent sexually transmitted infections and hiv-1 in kenyan sex workers: study design and baseline findings. | our objectives were to describe the baseline findings of a trial of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent sexually transmitted infections (stis) and hiv-1 in a cohort of nairobi female sex workers (fsws). a questionnaire was administered and a medical examination was performed. hiv-negative women were randomly assigned to either one gram azithromycin or placebo monthly. mean age of the 318 women was 32 years, mean duration of sex work 7 years and mean number of clients was 4 per day. high-risk behav ... | 2000 | 11138916 |
| high prevalence of trichomoniasis in rural men in mwanza, tanzania: results from a population based study. | to measure the prevalence of urethral infections including trichomoniasis in rural tanzanian men, to assess the prevalence of symptoms and signs among men with trichomonas vaginalis, and to analyse the risk factors for trichomoniasis. | 2000 | 11141851 |