| synthesis of the low molecular weight heat shock proteins in plants. | heat shock of living tissue induces the synthesis of a unique group of proteins, the heat shock proteins. in plants, the major group of heat shock proteins has a molecular mass of 15 to 25 kilodaltons. accumulation of these proteins to stainable levels has been reported in only a few species. to examine accumulation of the low molecular weight heat shock proteins in a broader range of species, two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to resolve total protein from the following species: soybean ( ... | 1987 | 16665553 |
| monoclonal antibodies to plant plasma-membrane antigens. | murine monoclonal antibodies to membrane antigens were generated by immunization with a crude cellular membrane preparation from suspension-cultured cells of nicotiana glutinosa l. from a panel of thirteen monoclonal antibodies, seven were found to be directed against antigens present on the plasma-membrane by immunofluorescence visualization of antibody binding to the surface of isolated protoplasts. the corresponding set of plasma-membrane antigen(s) were present in root, shoot and leaf tissue ... | 1986 | 24240360 |
| use of plant cell cultures to study the metabolism of environmental chemicals. | the metabolism of the following environmental chemicals has been studied in cell suspension cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and soybean (glycine max l.):2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-t), hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, diethylhexylphthalate , benzo [alpha] pyrene, and ddt. all chemicals tested, including the persistent ones, were partially metabolized. polar conjugates predominated in all cases. a covalent incorporation into lign ... | 1984 | 6325118 |
| nonphysiological binding of ethylene by plants. | ethylene binding to seedling tissue of vicia faba, phaseolus vulgaris, glycine max, and triticum aestivum was demonstrated by determining transit time required for ethylene to move through a glass tube filled with seedling tissue. transit time for ethylene was greater than that for methane indicating that these tissues had an affinity for ethylene. however, the following observations suggest that the binding was not physiological. inhibitors of ethylene action such as ag(+) ions and co(2) did no ... | 1984 | 16663455 |
| metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : ii. evidence for incorporation into lignin. | cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) incorporated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) into a metabolite fraction which was insoluble in ethanol, water, and hot sodium dodecylsulphate. further treatment with hot dimethylformamide solubilized a material which by the following criteria appeared to consist of 2,4-d derivatives covalently bound to lignin: i) co-chromatography of radioactivity and of uv-absorbing material upon gel permeation chromato ... | 1981 | 24302424 |
| metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : i. general results. | the metabolism of [2-(14)c]- and [ring-u-(14)c]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) has been studied in cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). 2,4-d was extensively metabolized by both cultures, the rates of metabolism and the metabolite patterns remaining constant over at least 60 (soybean) and 25 (wheat) growth cycles. amino acid conjugates were the predominant metabolite fraction in soybean cells whereas β-d-glucoside conjugates predominated i ... | 1981 | 24302423 |
| water potential in excised leaf tissue: comparison of a commercial dew point hygrometer and a thermocouple psychrometer on soybean, wheat, and barley. | leaf water potential (psi(leaf)) determinations were made on excised leaf samples using a commercial dew point hygrometer (wescor inc., logan, utah) and a thermocouple psychrometer operated in the isopiestic mode. with soybean leaves (glycine max l.), there was good agreement between instruments; equilibration times were 2 to 3 hours. with cereals (triticum aestivum l. and hordeum vulgare l.), agreement between instruments was poor for moderately wilted leaves when 7-mm-diameter punches were use ... | 1978 | 16660227 |
| oxygen inhibition of photosynthesis: i. temperature dependence and relation to o(2)/co(2) solubility ratio. | the magnitude of the percentage inhibition of photosynthesis by atmospheric levels of o(2) in the c(3) species solanum tuberosum l., medicago sativa l., phaseolus vulgaris l., glycine max l., and triticum aestivum l. increases in a similar manner with an increase in the apparent solubility ratio of o(2)/co(2) in the leaf over a range of solubility ratios from 25 to 45. the solubility ratio is based on calculated levels of o(2) and co(2) in the intercellular spaces of leaves as derived from whole ... | 1977 | 16659981 |
| hydroperoxide isomerase: a new enzyme of lipid metabolism. | an enzyme has been isolated from flaxseed (linum usitatissimum) which utilizes the product of lipoxidase for its substrate. the enzyme, termed hydroperoxide isomerase, converts the conjugated diene hydroperoxide of linoleic acid to the corresponding monoenoic ketohydroxy fatty acid. the structure of the latter has been determined by ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; periodate and permangate oxidation; gas chromatography; and thin layer chromatography. hydroperox ... | 1970 | 16657484 |
| atrazine metabolism and herbicidal selectivity. | metabolism of the herbicide 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) was investigated in resistant corn (zea mays l.) and sorghum (sorghum vulgare pers.), intermediately susceptible pea (pisum sativum l.), and highly susceptible wheat (triticum vulgare vill.) and soybean (glycine max merril.). this study revealed that 2 possible pathways for atrazine metabolism exist in higher plants. all species studied were able to metabolize atrazine initially by n-dealkylation of either o ... | 1967 | 16656648 |
| online co2 and h2 o oxygen isotope fractionation allows estimation of mesophyll conductance in c4 plants, and reveals that mesophyll conductance decreases as leaves age in both c4 and c3 plants. | mesophyll conductance significantly, and variably, limits photosynthesis but we currently have no reliable method of measurement for c4 plants. an online oxygen isotope technique was developed to allow quantification of mesophyll conductance in c4 plants and to provide an alternative estimate in c3 plants. the technique is compared to an established carbon isotope method in three c3 species. mesophyll conductance of c4 species was similar to that in the c3 species measured, and declined in both ... | 2016 | 26778088 |
| influence of crop management and environmental factors on wolf spider assemblages (araneae: lycosidae) in an australian cotton cropping system. | wolf spiders (lycosidae) are the most abundant ground-hunting spiders in the australian cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) agroecosystems. these spiders have potential in controlling pest bollworms, helicoverpa spp. (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in minimum-tilled fields. a study was carried out during a wet growing season (2011-2012) in narrabri, new south wales, australia, to determine how different crop rotations and tillage affect wolf spider assemblages in cotton fields. spider abundance and species ... | 2015 | 26308820 |
| [responses of agricultural crops of free-air co2 enrichment]. | over the past decade, free-air co2 enrichment (face) experiments have been conducted on several agricultural crops: wheat(triticum aestivum l.), perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and rice(oryza sativa l.) which are c3 grasses; sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) möench), a c4 grass; white clover (trifolium repens), a c3 legume; potato (solanum tuberosum l.), a c3 forb with tuber storage; and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and grape (vitis vinifera l.) which are c3 woody perennials. using reports fr ... | 2002 | 12557686 |
| inhibition and acclimation of photosynthesis to heat stress is closely correlated with activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase | increasing the leaf temperature of intact cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants caused a progressive decline in the light-saturated co2-exchange rate (cer). cer was more sensitive to increased leaf temperature in wheat than in cotton, and both species demonstrated photosynthetic acclimation when leaf temperature was increased gradually. inhibition of cer was not a consequence of stomatal closure, as indicated by a positive relationship between leaf temperature an ... | 1999 | 10318695 |
| moderately high temperatures inhibit ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase-mediated activation of rubisco | we tested the hypothesis that light activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) is inhibited by moderately elevated temperature through an effect on rubisco activase. when cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) or wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaf tissue was exposed to increasing temperatures in the light, activation of rubisco was inhibited above 35 and 30 degreesc, respectively, and the relative inhibition was greater for wheat than for cotton. the temperature-induced inhib ... | 1998 | 9490757 |
| devil's-claw (proboscidea louisianica), essential oil and its components : potential allelochemical agents on cotton and wheat. | the potential allelopathic activity of devil's-claw [proboscidea louisianica (mill.) thellung] essential oil and a few of the compounds it contains on the elongation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) radicles was studied using a petri dish bioassay. essential oil was collected by steam distillation using an all-glass-teflon assembly. ether extracts of the steam distillates from fresh devil's-claw were inhibitory to cotton and wheat radicle elongation. the followi ... | 1990 | 24263996 |
| arsenic-resistant and plant growth promoting firmicutes and γ-proteobacteria species from industrially polluted irrigation water and corresponding cropland. | the aim of the study was to explore irrigation water polluted with industrial waste and corresponding cropland to screen bacteria for as-detoxification and plant growth promotion. | 2017 | 28708308 |
| a high-density microsatellite consensus map for bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a microsatellite consensus map was constructed by joining four independent genetic maps of bread wheat. three of the maps were f(1)-derived, doubled-haploid line populations and the fourth population was 'synthetic' x 'opata', an f(6)-derived, recombinant-inbred line population. microsatellite markers from different research groups including the wheat microsatellite consortium, gwm, gdm, cfa, cfd, and barc were used in the mapping. a sufficient number of common loci between genetic maps, ranging ... | 2004 | 15490101 |
| does nitrogen supply affect the response of wheat (triticum aestivum cv. hanno) to the combination of elevated co(2) and o(3)? | spring wheat (triticum aestivum cv. hanno) was grown at ambient (350 micromol mol(-1)) or elevated co(2) (700 micromol mol(-1)) in charcoal/purafil-filtered air (cfa <5 nmol mol(-1)) or ozone (cfa +75 nmol mol(-1) 7 h d(-1)) at three levels of n supply (1.5, 4 and 14 mm no(-3)), to test the hypothesis that the combined impacts of elevated co(2) and o(3) on plant growth and photosynthetic capacity are affected by nitrogen availability. shifts in foliar n content reflected the level of n supplied, ... | 2001 | 11520879 |
| transmission of escherichia coli o157:h7 to internal tissues and its survival on flowering heads of wheat. | escherichia coli o157:h7 is a human pathogen that can cause bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. e. coli o157:h7 illnesses are mainly associated with undercooked beef; however, in recent years, outbreaks have been linked to fresh produce, such as spinach, lettuce, and sprouts. in 2009, flour was implicated as the contamination source in an outbreak involving consumption of raw cookie dough that resulted in 77 illnesses. the objectives of this research were to dete ... | 2015 | 25719875 |
| performance evaluation of membrane-based septic tank and its reuse potential for irrigating crops. | membrane technology, being the most emerging wastewater treatment option, has gained substantial importance with the massive objective of the reuse potential of wastewater. keeping this in view, the present study was conducted with the rationale to evaluate the performance efficiency of membrane-based septic tank (mbst), and its reuse perspective for irrigating crops. the septic tank was designed by submerging a woven fiber microfiltration membrane module to treat domestic wastewater. three crop ... | 2017 | 28743328 |
| domestication and crop physiology: roots of green-revolution wheat. | most plant scientists, in contrast to animal scientists, study only half the organism, namely above-ground stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, and neglect below-ground roots. yet all acknowledge roots are important for anchorage, water and nutrient uptake, and presumably components of yield. this paper investigates the relationship between domestication, and the root systems of landraces, and the parents of early, mid- and late green-revolution bread wheat cultivars. it compares the root system o ... | 2007 | 17940075 |
| nitrogen balance for wheat canopies (triticum aestivum cv. veery 10) grown under elevated and ambient co2 concentrations. | we examined the hypothesis that elevated co2 concentration would increase no3- absorption and assimilation using intact wheat canopies (triticum aestivum cv. veery 10). nitrate consumption, the sum of plant absorption and nitrogen loss, was continuously monitored for 23 d following germination under two co2 concentrations (360 and 1000 micromol mol-1 co2) and two root zone no3- concentrations (100 and 1000 mmol m3 no3-). the plants were grown at high density (1780 m-2) in a 28 m3 controlled envi ... | 1998 | 11543217 |
| adaptation to high co2 concentration in an optimal environment: radiation capture, canopy quantum yield and carbon use efficiency. | the effect of elevated [co2] on wheat (triticum aestivum l. veery 10) productivity was examined by analysing radiation capture, canopy quantum yield, canopy carbon use efficiency, harvest index and daily c gain. canopies were grown at either 330 or 1200 micromoles mol-1 [co2] in controlled environments, where root and shoot c fluxes were monitored continuously from emergence to harvest. a rapidly circulating hydroponic solution supplied nutrients, water and root zone oxygen. at harvest, dry mass ... | 1998 | 11543216 |
| photosynthetic capacity and dry mass partitioning in dwarf and semi-dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | efficient use of space and high yields are critical for long-term food production aboard the international space station. the selection of a full dwarf wheat (less than 30 cm tall) with high photosynthetic and yield potential is a necessary prerequisite for growing wheat in the controlled, volume-limited environments available aboard long-term spaceflight missions. this study evaluated the photosynthetic capacity and carbon partitioning of a full-dwarf wheat cultivar, super dwarf, which is routi ... | 1998 | 11542674 |
| super-optimal co2 reduces seed yield but not vegetative growth in wheat. | although terrestrial atmospheric co2 levels will not reach 1000 micromoles mol-1 (0.1%) for decades, co2 levels in growth chambers and greenhouses routinely exceed that concentration. co2 levels in life support systems in space can exceed 10000 micromoles mol-1(1%). numerous studies have examined co2 effects up to 1000 micromoles mol-1, but biochemical measurements indicate that the beneficial effects of co2 can continue beyond this concentration. we studied the effects of near-optimal (approxim ... | 2016 | 11543367 |
| super-optimal co2 reduces wheat yield in growth chamber and greenhouse environments. | seven growth chamber trials (six replicate trials using 0.035, 0.12, and 0.25% co2 in air and one trial using 0.12, 0.80, and 2.0% co2 in air) and three replicate greenhouse trials (0.035, 0.10, 0.18, 0.26, 0.50, and 1.0% co2 in air) compare the effects of super-optimal co2 on the seed yield, harvest index, and vegetative growth rate of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cvs. usu-apogee and veery-10). plants in the growth chamber trials were grown hydroponically under fluorescent lamps, while the green ... | 1997 | 11542567 |
| yield comparisons and unique characteristics of the dwarf wheat cultivar 'usu-apogee'. | extremely short, high yielding cultivars of all crop plants are needed to optimize the food production of bioregenerative life support systems in space. in the early 1980's, we examined over a thousand wheat genotypes from the world germplasm collection in search of genotypes with appropriate characteristics for food production in space. here we report the results of 12 years of hybridization and selection for the perfect wheat cultivar. 'usu-apogee' is a full-dwarf hard red spring wheat (tritic ... | 1997 | 11542565 |
| diffuse light and wheat radiation-use efficiency in a controlled environment. | radiation-use efficiency (dry matter produced per unit absorbed radiation) of a spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. veery-10) was 40% higher in controlled growth chamber experiments than under optimal field conditions. simulations with ceres-wheat, a field model modified to account for growth chamber conditions, suggest that the observed increase in radiation-use efficiency was due to the large fraction of diffuse light in the experimental chamber. under optimal conditions in the field, the ... | 1997 | 11540456 |
| on the use of antibiotics to reduce rhizoplane microbial populations in root physiology and ecology investigations. | no straightforward method exists for separating the proportion of ion exchange and respiration due to rhizoplane microbial organisms from that of root ion exchange and respiration. we examined several antibiotics that might be used for the temporary elimination of rhizoplane bacteria from hydroponically grown wheat roots (triticum aestivum cv. veery 10). each antibiotic was tested for herbicidal activity and plate counts were used to enumerate bacteria and evaluate antibiotic kinetics. only lact ... | 1995 | 11540615 |
| transfer of the 1bl/1rs wheat-rye-translocation from hexaploid bread wheat to tetraploid durum wheat. | the present study describes a cytological stable alien chromosome translocation in tetraploid durum wheat. by crossing the hexaploid 1bl/1rs wheat-rye translocation line "veery" to the tetraploid durum wheat cultivar "cando" it was possible to select a 28 chromosomic strain homozygous for the 1bl/1rs translocation. the disease resistance potential of the short arm of rye chromosome 1r, which has been widely introduced in many hexaploid bread wheat cultivars could be now also used for the improve ... | 1987 | 24241794 |
| an arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid protein transferase from cereal embryos. | embryos from rice (oryza sativa l. var. bluebonnet) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) contain an aminoacyl-trna protein transferase which transfers arginine from arginyl-trna to the n terminus of a protein acceptor. the activity was measured in vitro in a reaction mixture containing embryo supernatant fraction, buffer, sulfhydryl reagent, and arginyl-trna. it was not dependent on the usual cofactors for ribosomal protein synthesis, nor was it sensitive to cycloheximide or puromycin. however, the ... | 1973 | 16658490 |
| molecular and phenotypic characterization of transgenic wheat and sorghum events expressing the barley alanine aminotransferase. | the expression of a barley alanine aminotransferase gene impacts agronomic outcomes in a c3 crop, wheat. the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers has become one of the major agronomic inputs in crop production systems. strategies to enhance nitrogen assimilation and flux in planta are being pursued through the introduction of novel genetic alleles. here an agrobacterium-mediated approach was employed to introduce the alanine aminotransferase from barley (hordeum vulgare), hvalaat, into wheat (triti ... | 2017 | 28801748 |
| herbicidal activity of pure compound isolated from rhizosphere inhabiting aspergillus flavus. | in the quest for bioactive natural products of fungal origin, aspergillus flavus was isolated from rhizosphere of mentha piperita using potato dextrose agar (pda) and czapec yeast broth (cyb) nutrient media for metabolites production. in total, three different metabolites were purified using hplc/lcms and the structures were established using 500 varian nmr experiments. further the isolated metabolites in different concentrations (10, 100, 1000 μg/ml) were tested for herbicidal activity using co ... | 2017 | 28494649 |
| virus-based microrna silencing and overexpressing in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of endogenous small non-coding rnas that arise from large rna precursors with a stem-loop structure and play important roles in plant development and responses to environmental stress. although a hundred and nineteen wheat mirnas have been identified and registered in the mirbase (release 21.0, june, 2014; http://www.mirbase.org), the functional characterization of these mirnas in wheat growth and development is lagging due to lack of effective techniques to invest ... | 2017 | 28443107 |
| resistance of select winter wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars to rhopalosiphum padi (hemiptera: aphididae). | the bird cherry-oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi l.) is a global pest of wheat and vectors some of the most damaging strains of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv). in years of heavy r. padi infestation, r. padi and bydv together reduce wheat yields by 30-40% in kansas and other states of the u.s. great plains wheat production area. cultivation of wheat cultivars resistant to r. padi can greatly reduce production costs and mitigate r. padi-bydv yield losses, and increase producer profits. this study i ... | 2017 | 28854661 |
| tripartite interactions of barley yellow dwarf virus, sitobion avenae and wheat varieties. | the tripartite interactions in a pathosystem involving wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv), and the bydv vector aphid sitobion avenae were studied under field conditions to determine the impact of these interactions on aphid populations, virus pathology and grain yield. wheat varietal resistance to bydv and aphids varied among the three wheat varieties studied over two consecutive years. the results demonstrated that (1) aphid peak number (apn) in the aphid + bydv ... | 2014 | 25184214 |
| the pontin series of recombinant alien translocations in bread wheat: single translocations integrating combinations of bdv2, lr19 and sr25 disease-resistance genes from thinopyrum intermedium and th. ponticum. | two bread wheat lines each with a translocation on chromosome 7dl from either thinopyrum intermedium (tc5 and tc14) or thinopyrum ponticum (t4m), were hybridized in a ph1b mutant background to enhance recombination between the two translocated chromosomal segments. the frequency of recombinants was high in lines derived from the larger and similar-sized translocations (tc5/t4m), but much lower when derived from different-sized translocations (tc14/t4m). recombinant translocations contained combi ... | 2013 | 23807636 |
| wheat resistome in response to barley yellow dwarf virus infection. | barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) caused one of the most serious virus diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. the wheat-thinopyrum intermedium translocation line yw642 carries bydv resistance gene bdv2. to explore resistant wheat resistome in response to bydv infection, we used affymetrix genechip® wheat genome arrays to analyze transcriptomes of yw642 and its susceptible parent zhong8601 at 12 and 72 h postinoculation with bydv compared to mock-inoculated controls. relative to mock-ino ... | 2013 | 23417744 |
| a self-fertile trigeneric hybrid,triticum aestivum ×agropyron michnoi ×secale cereale. | trigeneric hybrids between the (triticum aestivum ×agropyron michnoi) f1 (cm, 2n=5x=35; abdpp) and two winter rye (secale cereale l., 2n=2x=14; rr) cultivars, 'wugong 774' and 'ar-132', were synthesized. such trigeneric hybrids could be used to transfer resistance genes for powdery mildew from rye to cm and subsequently to common wheat and to identify (1) the effects of the p genome ofagropyron on the self-fertility of the hybrids and (2) the differences in genetic background between rye cultiva ... | 1993 | 24190263 |
| qtl analysis and nested association mapping for adult plant resistance to powdery mildew in two bread wheat populations. | cimmyt wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lines francolin#1 and quaiu#3 displayed effective and stable adult plant resistance (apr) to chinese blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates in the field. to elucidate their genetic basis of resistance, two recombinant inbred line (ril) populations of their crosses with avocet, the susceptible parent, were phenotyped in zhengzhou and shangqiu in the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 cropping seasons. these populations were also genotyped with ssr (simple sequence repe ... | 2017 | 28798752 |
| very-long-chain aldehydes induce appressorium formation in ascospores of the wheat powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis. | asexually produced conidia of the wheat powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) are known to perceive cuticular very-long-chain aldehydes as signal substances strongly stimulating germination and differentiation of infection structures in a concentration- and chain-length-dependent manner. conidial germination and appressorium formation are widely prevented by the presence of free water on the host surface. however, sexually produced ascospores can differentiate immersed in ... | 2017 | 28705398 |
| simultaneous modification of three homoeologs of taedr1 by genome editing enhances powdery mildew resistance in wheat. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) incurs significant yield losses from powdery mildew, a major fungal disease caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt). enhanced disease resistance1 (edr1) plays a negative role in the defense response against powdery mildew in arabidopsis thaliana; however, the edr1 mutant does not show constitutively activated defense responses. this makes edr1 an ideal target for approaches using new genome-editing tools to improve resistance to powdery mildew. we cloned tae ... | 2017 | 28502081 |
| geographical distribution of genes for resistance to formae speciales of erysiphe graminis in common wheat. | the geographical distribution of pm10, pm11, pm14, and pm15 wheat genes for resistance to inappropriate formae speciales of erysiphe graminis was investigated using gene-for-gene relationships. pm10 and pm15 were very common among many indigenous accessions of common wheat collected from various areas in the world. the diversity of genotypes, which consisted of allelic combination at those loci, was high near the center of origin of common wheat and decreased with increasing distance from the ce ... | 1995 | 24169671 |
| foxtail mosaic virus-induced gene silencing in monocot plants. | virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is a powerful technique to study gene function in plants. however, very few vigs vectors are available for monocot plants. here we report that foxtail mosaic virus (fomv) can be engineered as an effective vigs system to induce efficient silencing of endogenous genes in monocot plants including barley (hordeum vulgare l.), wheat (triticum aestivum) and foxtail millet (setaria italica). this is evidenced by fomv-based silencing of phytoene desaturase (pds) and m ... | 2016 | 27225900 |
| rising atmospheric co2 concentration may imply higher risk of fusarium mycotoxin contamination of wheat grains. | increasing atmospheric co2 concentration not only has a direct impact on plants but also affects plant-pathogen interactions. due to economic and health-related problems, special concern was given thus in the present work to the effect of elevated co2 (750 μmol mol(-1)) level on the fusarium culmorum infection and mycotoxin contamination of wheat. despite the fact that disease severity was found to be not or little affected by elevated co2 in most varieties, as the spread of fusarium increased o ... | 2017 | 28573418 |
| genome-wide identification and analysis of the mads-box gene family in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the mads-box genes encode transcription factors with key roles in plant growth and development. a comprehensive analysis of the mads-box gene family in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) has not yet been conducted, and our understanding of their roles in stress is rather limited. here, we report the identification and characterization of the mads-box gene family in wheat. a total of 180 mads-box genes classified as 32 mα, 5 mγ, 5 mδ, and 138 mikc types were identified. evolutionary analysis of the ... | 2017 | 28742823 |
| cytogenetic mapping of a major locus for resistance to fusarium head blight and crown rot of wheat on thinopyrum elongatum 7el and its pyramiding with valuable genes from a th. ponticum homoeologous arm onto bread wheat 7dl. | a major locus for resistance to different fusarium diseases was mapped to the most distal end of th. elongatum 7el and pyramided with th. ponticum beneficial genes onto wheat 7dl. perennial triticeae species of the thinopyrum genus are among the richest sources of valuable genes/qtl for wheat improvement. one notable and yet unexploited attribute is the exceptionally effective resistance to a major wheat disease worldwide, fusarium head blight, associated with the long arm of thinopyrum elongatu ... | 2017 | 28656363 |
| rmg8, a new gene for resistance to triticum isolates of pyricularia oryzae in hexaploid wheat. | blast, caused by pyricularia oryzae, is one of the major diseases of wheat in south america. we identified a new gene for resistance to triticum isolates of p. oryzae in common wheat 's-615', and designated it "resistance to magnaporthe grisea 8" (rmg8). rmg8 was assigned to chromosome 2b through molecular mapping with simple-sequence repeat markers. to identify an avirulence gene corresponding to rmg8, triticum isolate br48 (avirulent on s-615) was crossed with 200r29 (virulent on s-615), an f1 ... | 2015 | 26555672 |
| identification of a hidden resistance gene in tetraploid wheat using laboratory strains of pyricularia oryzae produced by backcrossing. | in the process (bc3f1 generation) of backcrossing an avena isolate of pyricularia oryzae with a triticum isolate, color mutants with white mycelia were obtained. these white mutants lacked virulence on all (31/31) hexaploid and most (28/32) tetraploid wheat lines tested. in a bc4f1 population, white and black cultures segregated in a 1:1 ratio, suggesting that the mutant phenotype is controlled by a single gene. furthermore, the mycelial color was perfectly linked with avirulence in the bc4f1 po ... | 2014 | 24824421 |
| risk element immobilization/stabilization potential of fungal-transformed dry olive residue and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi application in contaminated soils. | the use of biotransformed dry olive residue (dor) as organic soil amendment has recently been proposed due to its high contents of stabilized organic matter and nutrients. the potential of biotransformed dor to immobilize risk elements in contaminated soils might qualify dor as a potential risk element stabilization agent for in situ soil reclamation practices. in this experiment, the mobility of risk elements in response to penicillium chrysogenum-10-transformed dor, funalia floccosa-transforme ... | 2017 | 28651221 |
| biotoxic impact of heavy metals on growth, oxidative stress and morphological changes in root structure of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and stress alleviation by pseudomonas aeruginosa strain cpsb1. | rapid industrialization and uncontrolled metal discharge into environment is a global concern for crop production. metal tolerant bacterium isolated from chilli rhizosphere was identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16s rdna sequence analysis. pseudomonas aeruginosa tolerated high concentrations of cu (1400 μg ml(-1)), cd (1000 μg ml(-1)) and cr (1000 μg ml(-1)). pseudomonas aeruginosa cpsb1 produced multiple plant growth promoting biomolecules in the presence and absence of metals. strain cpsb ... | 2017 | 28747006 |
| seed treatments with thiamine reduce the performance of generalist and specialist aphids on crop plants. | thiamine is a vitamin that has been shown to act as a trigger to activate plant defence and reduce pathogen and nematode infection as well as aphid settling and reproduction. we have here investigated whether thiamine treatments of seeds (i.e. seed dressing) would increase plant resistance against aphids and whether this would have different effects on a generalist than on specialist aphids. seeds of wheat, barley, oat and pea were treated with thiamine alone or in combination with the biocontro ... | 2017 | 28578733 |
| rapid phenotyping adult plant resistance to stem rust in wheat grown under controlled conditions. | stem rust (sr) or black rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most common diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) crops globally. among the various control measures, the most efficient and sustainable approach is the deployment of genetically resistant cultivars. traditionally, wheat breeding programs deployed genetic resistance in cultivars, but unknowingly this is often underpinned by a single seedling resistance gene, which is readily overcome by the pathogen. nowaday ... | 2017 | 28856651 |
| the wheat wrky transcription factors tawrky49 and tawrky62 confer differential high-temperature seedling-plant resistance to puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. | wrky transcription factors (tfs) play crucial roles in plant resistance responses to pathogens. wheat stripe rust, caused by the fungal pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. in this study, the two wrky genes tawrky49 and tawrky62 were originally identified in association with high-temperature seedling-plant resistance to pst (htsp) resistance in wheat cultivar xiaoyan 6 by rna-seq. interestingly, the expression levels ... | 2017 | 28742872 |
| loci associated with resistance to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in a core collection of spring wheat (triticum aestivum). | stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici erikss. (pst) remains one of the most significant diseases of wheat worldwide. we investigated stripe rust resistance by genome-wide association analysis (gwas) in 959 spring wheat accessions from the united states department of agriculture-agricultural research service national small grains collection, representing major global production environments. the panel was characterized for field resistance in multi-environment field ... | 2017 | 28591221 |
| mapping genes for resistance to stripe rust in spring wheat landrace pi 480035. | stripe rust caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici erikks. is an economically important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). hexaploid spring wheat landrace pi 480035 was highly resistant to stripe rust in the field in washington during 2011 and 2012. the objective of this research was to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) for stripe rust resistance in pi 480035. a spring wheat, "avocet susceptible" (avs), was crossed with pi 480035 to develop a biparental population of 1 ... | 2017 | 28542451 |
| saturation mapping of a major effect qtl for stripe rust resistance on wheat chromosome 2b in cultivar napo 63 using snp genotyping arrays. | stripe rust or yellow rust (yr), caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most important diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). widespread deployment of resistant cultivars is the best means of achieving durable disease control. the red grain, spring wheat cultivar napo 63 produced by cimmyt in the 1960s shows a high level of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in the field. to elucidate the genetic basis of resistance in this cultivar we evaluated 224 f2:3 lines a ... | 2017 | 28491075 |
| puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici microrna-like rna 1 (pst-milr1), an important pathogenicity factor of pst, impairs wheat resistance to pst by suppressing the wheat pathogenesis-related 2 gene. | small rnas (srnas), an important type of pathogenicity factor, contribute to impairing host immune responses. however, little is known about srnas in puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), one of the most destructive pathogens of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). here, we report a novel microrna-like rna (milrna) from pst termed microrna-like rna 1 (pst-milr1), which suppresses wheat defenses during wheat-pst interactions. we identified pst-milr1 as a novel milrna in pst. biological prediction a ... | 2017 | 28464281 |
| identification and molecular characterization of a trans-acting small interfering rna producing locus regulating leaf rust responsive gene expression in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a novel leaf rust responsive ta-sirna-producing locus was identified in wheat showing similarity to 28s rrna and generated four differentially expressing ta-sirnas by phasing which targeted stress responsive genes. trans-acting-small interfering rnas (ta-sirnas) are plant specific molecules generally involved in development and are also stress responsive. ta-sirnas identified in wheat till date are all responsive to abiotic stress only. wheat cultivation is severely affected by rusts and leaf ru ... | 2017 | 28710588 |
| genetics and mapping of a new leaf rust resistance gene in triticum aestivum l. × triticum timopheevii zhuk. derivative 'selection g12'. | a triticum timopheevii-derived bread wheat line, selection g12, was screened with 40 pathotypes of leaf rust pathogen, puccinia triticina at seedling stage and with two most commonly prevalent pathotypes 77-5 and 104-2 at adult plant stage. selection g12 showed resistance at both seedling and adult plant stages. genetic analysis in f1, f2and f2.3 families at the seedling stage revealed that leaf rust resistance in selection g12 is conditioned by a single incompletely dominant gene. the leaf rust ... | 2017 | 28674228 |
| prediction and analysis of three gene families related to leaf rust (puccinia triticina) resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the resistance to leaf rust (lr) caused by puccinia triticina in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been well studied over the past decades with over 70 lr genes being mapped on different chromosomes and numerous qtls (quantitative trait loci) being detected or mapped using dna markers. such resistance is often divided into race-specific and race-nonspecific resistance. the race-nonspecific resistance can be further divided into resistance to most or all races of the same pathogen and resistance t ... | 2017 | 28633642 |
| microsatellite markers for the triticum timopheevi-derived leaf rust resistance gene lr18 on wheat 5bl chromosome. | leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina, is a common wheat disease worldwide. developing resistant cultivars through deploying new or pyramiding resistance genes in a suitable line, is the most effective approach to control this disease. however, to stack genes in a genotype, efficient and reliable markers are required. in the present study, f2 plants and their corresponding f3 families from a cross between the resistant line; thatcher (tc) lr18, and the susceptible cultivar 'boolani' were used ... | 2017 | 28588389 |
| qtl mapping of adult-plant resistance to leaf rust in the wheat cross zhou 8425b/chinese spring using high-density snp markers. | wheat leaf rust is an important disease worldwide. growing resistant cultivars is an effective means to control the disease. in the present study, 244 recombinant inbred lines from zhou 8425b/chinese spring cross were phenotyped for leaf rust severities during the 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015 cropping seasons at baoding, hebei province, and 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 cropping seasons in zhoukou, henan province. the population was genotyped using the high-density illumina iselect 9 ... | 2017 | 28559910 |
| uncovering leaf rust responsive mirnas in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using high-throughput sequencing and prediction of their targets through degradome analysis. | deep sequencing identified 497 conserved and 559 novel mirnas in wheat, while degradome analysis revealed 701 targets genes. qrt-pcr demonstrated differential expression of mirnas during stages of leaf rust progression. bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an important cereal food crop feeding 30 % of the world population. major threat to wheat production is the rust epidemics. this study was targeted towards identification and functional characterizations of micro(mi)rnas and their target gene ... | 2017 | 27699487 |
| a wheat cop9 subunit 5-like gene is negatively involved in host response to leaf rust. | the cop9 (constitutive photomorphogenesis 9) signalosome (csn) is a protein complex involved in the ubiquitin proteasome system and a common host target of diverse pathogens in arabidopsis. the known derubylation function of the cop9 complex is carried out by subunit 5 encoded by atcsn5a or atcsn5b in arabidopsis. a single csn5-like gene (designated as tacsn5) with three homeologues was identified on the long arms of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) group 2 chromosomes. in this study, we identified ... | 2017 | 27581057 |
| the relationship of leaf rust resistance gene lr13 and hybrid necrosis gene ne2m on wheat chromosome 2bs. | genetic and mutational analyses of wheat leaf rust resistance gene lr13 and hybrid necrosis gene ne2 m indicated that they are the same gene. hybrid necrosis in wheat characterized by chlorosis and eventual necrosis of plant tissues in certain wheat hybrids is controlled by the interaction of complementary dominant genes ne1 and ne2 located on chromosome arms 5bl and 2bs, respectively. multiple alleles at each locus can be identified by differences in necrotic phenotypes when varieties are cross ... | 2016 | 26660463 |
| quackgrass- and ryegrass-adapted populations of the cereal rust mite, abacarus hystrix (acari: eriophyidae), differ in their potential for wheat, triticum aestivum, colonization. | the cereal rust mite, abacarus hystrix, is one of the most notable among mites causing losses in cultivated grasslands. it is one of a few eriophyoid species for which a broad host range has been reported. recent studies, however, have shown that host specialization is very likely in this species. for two populations of a. hystrix (one inhabiting perennial ryegrass, the second inhabiting quackgrass), host-associated differences correlated with strong host fidelity, distinct phenotypes and reprod ... | 2009 | 18590598 |
| wheat vacuolar iron transporter tavit2 transports fe and mn and is effective for biofortification. | increasing the intrinsic nutritional quality of crops, known as biofortification, is viewed as a sustainable approach to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies. in particular, iron deficiency anemia is a major global health issue, but the iron content of staple crops such as wheat (triticum aestivum) is difficult to change because of genetic complexity and homeostasis mechanisms. to identify target genes for the biofortification of wheat, we functionally characterized homologs of the vacuolar iron ... | 2017 | 28684433 |
| five fatty acyl-coenzyme a reductases are involved in the biosynthesis of primary alcohols in aegilops tauschii leaves. | the diploid aegilops tauschii is the d-genome donor to hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) and represents a potential source for genetic study in common wheat. the ubiquitous wax covering the aerial parts of plants plays an important role in protecting plants against non-stomatal water loss. cuticular waxes are complex mixtures of very-long-chain fatty acids, alkanes, primary and/or secondary alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, triterpenes, sterols, and flavonoids. in the present work, primary ... | 2017 | 28659955 |
| genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of pht1 phosphate transporters in wheat. | the pht1 family of phosphate (pi) transporters mediates phosphorus (p) uptake and re-mobilization in plants. a genome-wide sequence analysis of pht1 genes in wheat (triticum aestivum) was conducted, and their expression locations and responses to p availability were further investigated. we cloned 21 tapht1 genes from the homologous alleles at tapht1.1 to 1.10 through screening a bac library and amplifying genomic sequences. the tapht1 transporters were clustered into five branches in the phylog ... | 2017 | 28443126 |
| association study of resistance to soilborne wheat mosaic virus in u.s. winter wheat. | soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) is one of the most important winter wheat pathogens worldwide. to identify genes for resistance to the virus in u.s. winter wheat, association study was conducted using a selected panel of 205 elite experimental lines and cultivars from u.s. hard and soft winter wheat breeding programs. virus symptoms were evaluated twice in virus-infected fields for the panel at manhattan, ks in spring 2010 and 2011 and for a subpanel of 137 hard winter wheat accessions at s ... | 2011 | 21999158 |
| complete genome sequencing and targeted mutagenesis reveal virulence contributions of tal2 and tal4b of xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa icmp11055 in bacterial leaf streak of wheat. | bacterial leaf streak caused by xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (xtu) is an important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) worldwide. transcription activator-like effectors (tales) play determinative roles in many of the plant diseases caused by the different species and pathovars of xanthomonas, but their role in this disease has not been characterized. icmp11055 is a highly virulent xtu strain from iran. the aim of this study was to better understand genetic d ... | 2017 | 28848509 |
| sources of resistance and susceptibility to septoria tritici blotch of wheat. | an association genetics analysis was conducted to investigate the genetics of resistance to septoria tritici blotch, caused by the fungus zymoseptoria tritici (alternatively mycosphaerella graminicola), in cultivars and breeding lines of wheat (triticum aestivum) used in the uk between 1860 and 2000. the population was tested with diversity array technology (dart) and simple-sequence repeat (ssr or microsatellite) markers. the lines formed a single population with no evidence for subdivision, be ... | 2017 | 27558898 |
| the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, tau4 regulates wheat defence against the phytopathogen zymoseptoria tritici. | mycosphaerella graminicola (zymoseptoria tritici commonly known as septoria), the causal agent of septoria leaf blotch (stb), is considered one of the major threats to european wheat production. previous studies have shown the importance of ubiquitination in plant defence against a multitude of pathogens. however the ubiquitination machinery in wheat is under studied, particularly e2 enzymes that have the ability to control the ubiquitination and thereby the fate of many different target protein ... | 2016 | 27759089 |
| dissecting the molecular interactions between wheat and the fungal pathogen zymoseptoria tritici. | the dothideomycete fungus zymoseptoria tritici (previously known as mycosphaerella graminicola and septoria tritici) is the causative agent of septoria tritici leaf blotch (stb) disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in europe, stb is the most economically damaging disease of wheat, with an estimated ∼€1 billion per year in fungicide expenditure directed toward its control. here, an overview of our current understanding of the molecular events that occur during z. tritici infection of wheat le ... | 2016 | 27148331 |
| previous bottlenecks and future solutions to dissecting the zymoseptoria tritici-wheat host-pathogen interaction. | zymoseptoria tritici (previously mycosphaerella graminicola, teleomorph, septoria tritici, anamorph) causes septoria tritici blotch, one of the most economically important diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum). the host pathogenic interaction, as currently understood, is intriguing, and may distinguish z. tritici from many of the current models for plant pathogenic fungi. many important questions remain which require a deeper understanding including; the nature and biological significance of the ... | 2015 | 26092786 |
| genetic characterization of an algerian population of mycosphaerella graminicola with microsatellite markers. | mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: zymoseptoria tritici, formerly septoria tritici), the responsible for septoria tritici blotch, is the most frequently occurring disease on wheat crops worldwide. the populations of this pathogen were previously characterized in several areas around the world, but not in algeria so far. the present study aims thus at investigating the genetic diversity and population structure of m. graminicola in this country. one hundred and twenty monoconidial isolates of ... | 2015 | 27141757 |
| evaluation of plant resistance inducers on different winter soft wheat cultivars against septoria leaf blotch. | septoria tritici blotch (stb) caused by mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: zymoseptoria tritici) is one of the most devastating foliar diseases on bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). because of the emergence of fungal strains highly resistant to mainly used fungicides and the deleterious impacts of these fungicides on the environment, development of alternative control strategies to protect wheat crops against stb is needed. the induction of plant resistance by elicitors is likely to be a hel ... | 2012 | 23878965 |
| analysis of betaine and choline contents of aleurone, bran, and flour fractions of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. | in conventional milling, the aleurone layer is combined with the bran fraction. studies indicate that the bran fraction of wheat contains the majority of the phytonutrients betaine and choline, with relatively minor concentrations in the refined flour. this present study suggests that the wheat aleurone layer ( triticum aestivum l. cv. tiger) contains the greatest concentration of both betaine and choline (1553.44 and 209.80 mg/100 g of sample, respectively). the bran fraction contained 866.94 a ... | 2009 | 19199513 |
| green manure and long-term fertilization effects on soil zinc and cadmium availability and uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) at different growth stages. | zinc (zn) deficiency in human populations depending on cereals as a main source of zn is a global malnutrition problem. in this field study, we investigated the potential of green manure application to increase soil zn availability and wheat grain zn concentrations (biofortification) on a luvisol with different long-term fertilizer management. we also studied cadmium (cd), as wheat is a major contributor of this undesired non-essential element to human diets. clover (trifolium alexandrinum l.), ... | 0 | 28525939 |
| transcriptome of wheat inflorescence development from spikelet initiation to floral patterning. | early reproductive development in cereals is crucial for final grain number per spike, and hence the yield potential of the crop. to date, however, no systematic analyses of gene expression profiles during this important process have been conducted for common wheat (triticum aestivum). here, we studied the transcriptome profiles at four stages of early wheat reproductive development, from spikelet initiation to floral organ differentiation. k-means clustering and stage-specific transcript identi ... | 0 | 28515146 |
| deacclimation may be crucial for winter survival of cereals under warming climate. | climate warming can change the winter weather patterns. warmer temperatures during winter result in a lower risk of extreme freezing events. on the other hand the predicted warm gaps during winter will decrease their freezing tolerance. both contradict effects will affect winter survival but their resultant effect is unclear. in this paper, we demonstrate that climate warming may result in a decrease in winter survival of plants. a field study of winterhardiness of common wheat and triticale was ... | 0 | 28167038 |
| silicon availability modifies nutrient use efficiency and content, c:n:p stoichiometry, and productivity of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | silicon (si) is known as beneficial element for graminaceous plants. the importance of si for plant functioning of cereals was recently emphasized. however, about the effect of si availability on biomass production, grain yield, nutrient status and nutrient use efficiency for wheat (triticum aestivum l.), as one of the most important crop plants worldwide, less is known so far. consequently, we assessed the effect of a broad range of supply levels of amorphous sio2 on wheat plant performance. ou ... | 0 | 28094308 |
| salicylic acid mediated growth, physiological and proteomic responses in two wheat varieties under drought stress. | salicylic acid (sa) induced drought tolerance can be a key trait for increasing and stabilizing wheat production. these sa induced traits were studied in two triticum aestivum l. varieties; drought tolerant, kundan and drought sensitive, lok1 under two different water deficit regimes: and rehydration at vegetative and flowering stages. sa alleviated the negative effects of water stress on photosynthesis more in kundan. sa induced defense responses against drought by increasing antioxidative enzy ... | 0 | 28511789 |
| pouteria torta epicarp as a useful source of α-amylase inhibitor in the control of type 2 diabetes. | type 2 diabetes plays a major role in public health, affecting about 400 million adults. one of the used strategies to control type 2 diabetes is the inhibition of α-amylase activity to reduce post-prandial blood glucose levels. therefore, in past decades, the search of new α-amylase inhibitors has led to the evaluation of natural products as a source of these compounds. pouteria torta (sapotaceae) is widespread in brazil and bears edible fruits. epicarp and pulp crude extracts of fresh fruits w ... | 0 | 28288931 |
| amino acid profiles and digestible indispensable amino acid scores of proteins from the prioritized key foods in bangladesh. | concentrations of standard amino acids were determined in the composite samples (representing 30 agro-ecological zones of bangladesh) of six prioritized key dietary protein sources: oryza sativa (rice), triticum aestivum (wheat flour), lens culinaris (lentils), pangusius pangusius (pangas), labeo rohita (rohu) and oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia). digestible indispensable amino acid scores (diaas) was calculated using published data on amino acids' digestibility to evaluate the protein quality ... | 0 | 27451158 |
| phytotoxicity of three plant-based biodiesels, unmodified castor oil, and diesel fuel to alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus), and wheatgrass (triticum aestivum). | the wide use of plant-based oils and their derivatives, in particular biodiesel, have increased extensively over the past decade to help alleviate demand for petroleum products and improve the greenhouse gas emissions profile of the transportation sector. biodiesel is regarded as a clean burning alternative fuel produced from livestock feeds and various vegetable oils. although in theory these animal and/or plant derived fuels should have less environmental impact in soil based on their simplifi ... | 0 | 26283287 |
| heavy metal and metalloid concentrations in components of 25 wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties in the vicinity of lead smelters in henan province, china. | soil contamination and human impacts have been reported in the vicinity of lead (pb) smelters in henan, china. however, no information is available on crop uptake of soil contaminants near these smelters. grains, glume, rachis, and stem/leaf samples of 25 wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties were collected from a small, smelter-impacted agricultural area of beishe village, henan province, and were analyzed for arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), copper (cu), pb, and zinc (zn) concentrations. the study ai ... | 0 | 26661959 |
| characteristics of cadmium uptake and membrane transport in roots of intact wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. | wheat is one of several cereals that is capable of accumulating higher amounts of cd in plant tissues. it is important to understand the cd(2+) transport processes in roots that result in excess cd accumulation. traditional destructive technologies have limited capabilities in analyzing root samples due to methodological limitations, and sometimes may result in false conclusions. the mechanisms of cd(2+) uptake into the roots of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated by assessi ... | 0 | 28012673 |
| molecular diversity of α-gliadin expressed genes in genetically contrasted spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) accessions and comparison with bread wheat (t. aestivum ssp. aestivum) and related diploid triticum and aegilops species. | the gluten proteins of cereals such as bread wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) and spelt (t. aestivum ssp. spelta) are responsible for celiac disease (cd). the α-gliadins constitute the most immunogenic class of gluten proteins as they include four main t-cell stimulatory epitopes that affect cd patients. spelt has been less studied than bread wheat and could constitute a source of valuable diversity. the objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity of spelt α-gliadin transcri ... | 0 | 27942245 |
| optimization of the malting process for nutritional improvement of finger millet and amaranth flours in the infant weaning food industry. | malting is a beneficial approach to improve the nutritional value of cereals used in infant preparations. malted finger millet and amaranth might be considered as potentially appropriate gluten-free alternatives for common wheat-based weaning products, especially in case of those suffering from celiac disease. in this study, the effects of germination temperature and duration on the main nutrients of malted finger millet and amaranth, are evaluated and optimized. grains were germinated for 24, 3 ... | 0 | 27905218 |
| mycotoxin and fungicide residues in wheat grains from fungicide-treated plants measured by a validated lc-ms method. | wheat (triticum aestivum) is an annual crop, cultivated in the winter and spring and susceptible to several pathogens, especially fungi, which are managed with fungicides. it is also one of the most consumed cereals, and can be contaminated by mycotoxins and fungicides. the objective of this study was to validate an analytical method by lc-ms for simultaneous determination of mycotoxins and fungicide residues in wheat grains susceptible to fusarium head blight treated with fungicides, and to eva ... | 0 | 27855933 |
| ancient wheat and health: a legend or the reality? a review on kamut khorasan wheat. | after wwii, the industrialized agriculture selected modern varieties of triticum turgidum spp. durum and spp. aestivum (durum wheat and common wheat) based on higher yields and technological characteristics. nowadays, the use of whole ancient grains and pseudo cereals is considered nutritionally important. how ancient grains have positive effects is not entirely known, the fragmentation of the scientific knowledge being also related to the fact that ancient grains are not a homogeneous category. ... | 0 | 27790934 |
| the defence-associated transcriptome of hexaploid wheat displays homoeolog expression and induction bias. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an allopolyploid species containing three ancestral genomes. therefore, three homoeologous copies exist for the majority of genes in the wheat genome. whether different homoeologs are differentially expressed (homoeolog expression bias) in response to biotic and abiotic stresses is poorly understood. in this study, we applied a rna-seq approach to analyse homoeolog-specific global gene expression patterns in wheat during infection by the fungal pathogen fusa ... | 0 | 27735125 |
| mobility and plant availability of risk elements in soil after long-term application of farmyard manure. | crop rotation long-term field experiments were established in 1955 and 1956 at three locations in the czech republic (čáslav, ivanovice, and lukavec) differing in their climatic and soil physicochemical properties. the effect of long-term application of farmyard manure and farmyard manure + npk treatments on plant-available, easily mobilizable, potentially mobilizable, and pseudo-total contents of arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), copper (cu), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) contents in soils (in 2013) as we ... | 0 | 27614644 |
| comparison of volatiles profile and contents of trichothecenes group b, ergosterol, and atp of bread wheat, durum wheat, and triticale grain naturally contaminated by mycobiota. | in natural conditions cereals can be infested by pathogenic fungi. these can reduce the grain yield and quality by contamination with mycotoxins which are harmful for plants, animals, and humans. to date, performed studies of the compounds profile have allowed for the distinction of individual species of fungi. the aim of this study was to determine the profile of volatile compounds and trichothecenes of group b, ergosterol, adenosine triphosphate content carried out on a representative sample o ... | 0 | 27597856 |
| protective effects of id331 triticum monococcum gliadin on in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium. | a growing interest in developing new strategies for preventing coeliac disease has motivated efforts to identify cereals with null or reduced toxicity. in the current study, we investigate the biological effects of id331 triticum monococcum gliadin-derived peptides in human caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. triticum aestivum gliadin derived peptides were employed as a positive control. the effects on epithelial permeability, zonulin release, viability, and cytoskeleton reorganization were inve ... | 0 | 27374565 |
| allelic variation in developmental genes and effects on winter wheat heading date in the u.s. great plains. | heading date in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and other small grain cereals is affected by the vernalization and photoperiod pathways. the reduced-height loci also have an effect on growth and development. heading date, which occurs just prior to anthesis, was evaluated in a population of 299 hard winter wheat entries representative of the u.s. great plains region, grown in nine environments during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. the germplasm was evaluated for candidate genes at vernalization (vrn-a1, ... | 0 | 27058239 |
| antioxidant responses of wheat plants under stress. | currently, food security depends on the increased production of cereals such as wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which is an important source of calories and protein for humans. however, cells of the crop have suffered from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros), which can cause severe oxidative damage to the plants, due to environmental stresses. ros are toxic molecules found in various subcellular compartments. the equilibrium between the production and detoxification of ros is sustain ... | 0 | 27007891 |