| in vivo immunosuppressive activity of gliotoxin, a metabolite produced by human pathogenic fungi. | aspergillosis is a disease caused by the opportunistic pathogen aspergillus fumigatus and other related fungi. it occurs mainly in immunosuppressed people and causes very high mortality rates. a fumigatus and other pathogenic fungi have been shown to produce a metabolite, gliotoxin, which has immunosuppressive properties in vitro, but little is known about its in vivo activity. here we report that gliotoxin has increased toxicity in mice after irradiation. a single injection of gliotoxin delayed ... | 1994 | 7510665 |
| postoperative fungal arteritis mimicking vasospasm--case report. | intracranial arteritis due to fungal infection is an uncommon complication of neurosurgical operations. a 36-year-old female developed arteritis caused by aspergillus fumigatus at the site of the temporary clip following the clipping of an initially uncomplicated intracranial aneurysm. the inflammatory, slowly progressing vascular occlusion mimicked the vasospasm common in subarachnoid hemorrhage. | 1994 | 7519756 |
| gliotoxin inhibits transformation and its cytotoxic to turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes. | gliotoxin, an epipolythiodioxopiperizine mycotoxin, has been shown to be produced by, among other fungi, aspergillus fumigatus fresenius. this organism is the major causative agent of the respiratory disease aspergillosis in avian species, especially turkeys. because gliotoxin has been shown to be immunosuppressive and has the potential for being involved in the pathogenesis of aspergillosis, the in vitro activity of this compound with avian lymphocytes was investigated. immunosuppression was in ... | 1994 | 7520534 |
| inhibition of fungal growth by pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas cepacia isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. | this study was undertaken because of the infrequency of infections due to candida species in patients with cystic fibrosis despite their extensive treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. in vitro susceptibility studies revealed significant inhibition of 11 strains of fungi known to infect human beings by 10 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and nine strains of pseudomonas cepacia isolated from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. the fungi were candida krusei, candida keyfr, candida g ... | 1994 | 7522262 |
| intraorbital injection of amphotericin b for palliative treatment of aspergillus orbital abscess. | we report successful palliative treatment of an aspergillus fumigatus orbital mass in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by direct injection of amphotericin b into the abscess cavity. this case presents intraorbital injection of amphotericin b as an alternative to surgical debridement of aspergillus orbital infection. in patients who are unable or unwilling to undergo more aggressive treatment, this procedure appears to limit morbidity while still providing effective palliative th ... | 1994 | 7532429 |
| fungal polysaccharides. | fungal polysaccharides are cell wall components which may act as antigens or as structural substrates. as antigens, the role of mannans in saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida albicans, and of glycoproteins in aspergillus fumigatus are discussed. analyses on beta-glucan synthetase in paracoccidioides brasiliensis and the inhibitory effect of hansenula mrakii killer toxin on beta-glucan biosynthesis are also considered. | 1994 | 7536840 |
| "pseudoclusters" and typing by random amplification of polymorphic dna of aspergillus fumigatus. | this short report serves as a warning to the unwary of possible "pseudoclusters" of infection with aspergillus fumigatus as shown by the typing system, random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd). this was demonstrated by typing 10 epidemiologically distinct isolates of a fumigatus using two different preparations of taq dna polymerase. one of the enzymes did not discriminate between the isolates, giving the false impression that a cluster of infection had occurred. enzyme source is thus a ke ... | 1995 | 7538151 |
| molds modulate the release of histamine and sulfidoleukotrienes from human basophils. | | 1995 | 7542088 |
| purification and characterization of factors produced by aspergillus fumigatus which affect human ciliated respiratory epithelium. | the mechanisms by which aspergillus fumigatus colonizes the respiratory mucosa are unknown. culture filtrates of eight of nine clinical isolates of a. fumigatus slowed ciliary beat frequency and damaged human respiratory epithelium in vitro. these changes appeared to occur concurrently. culture filtrates of two clinical isolates of candida albicans had no effect on ciliated epithelium. we have purified and characterized cilioinhibitory factors of a clinical isolate of a. fumigatus. the cilioinhi ... | 1995 | 7543879 |
| production of gliotoxin during the pathogenic state in turkey poults by aspergillus fumigatus fresenius. | turkey poults were given either of two different dosages of two different gliotoxin-producing strains of aspergillus fumigatus. infected lung tissue was examined postmortem for the presence of gliotoxin. gliotoxin was found in lung tissue of ten poults infected with one strain and in seven of ten poults infected with the other strain. concentrations of gliotoxin in the tissue exceeded 6 ppm in some of the infected tissues. the concentration of gliotoxin found in infected tissue did not appear to ... | 1995 | 7544872 |
| cell surface properties of aspergillus fumigatus conidia: correlation between adherence, agglutination, and rearrangements of the cell wall. | culture conditions that lead to swelling and germination dramatically influence cell surface characteristics and properties of aspergillus fumigatus conidia. conidial adherence to polystyrene and agglutination markedly increased during swelling, in a time-dependent manner. agglutination appeared to be sensitive to cycloheximide and calcium. removal of cell wall polysaccharides by lyticase or sodium metaperiodate suppressed agglutination of conidia. proteinase k weakly decreased it whereas dithio ... | 1995 | 7553454 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding an extracellular aspartic proteinase from aspergillus fumigatus. | oligonucleotide primers based on conserved regions of the aspergillopepsins (ec 3.4.23.18) were used to pcr amplify a 650 bp segment of the gene encoding the extracellular aspartic proteinase (pep) from aspergillus fumigatus. the segment was used as a probe for isolating and sequencing the gene from a genomic library of the fungus. likewise the cdna was amplified by reverse pcr, cloned and sequenced. the pep gene was found to consist of four exons encoding for 395 aa. the pre-proenzyme deduced h ... | 1995 | 7557298 |
| molecular cloning of the cdna and gene for an elastinolytic aspartic proteinase from aspergillus fumigatus and evidence of its secretion by the fungus during invasion of the host lung. | hydrolysis of structural proteins in the lung by extracellular proteinases secreted by aspergillus fumigatus is thought to play a significant role in invasive aspergillosis. this fungus was found previously to secrete an elastinolytic serine proteinase and a metalloproteinase. we report that a. fumigatus also secretes an aspartic proteinase (aspergillopepsin f) that can catalyze hydrolysis of the major structural proteins of basement membrane, elastin, collagen, and laminin. the ph optimum for t ... | 1995 | 7558282 |
| effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor on antifungal activity of mononuclear phagocytes against aspergillus fumigatus. | the effects of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (m-csf) on antifungal activity of human monocytes (mnc), mnc-derived macrophages (mdm), and rabbit pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pam) against aspergillus fumigatus were studied. mnc-induced hyphal damage was augmented by incubation with m-csf (p = .027); pam-induced hyphal damage was moderately enhanced by m-csf (p = .046). phagocytosis of aspergillus conidia by mdm and pam was strongly enhanced by m-csf (p < .01). mnc pretr ... | 1995 | 7561176 |
| a simplified new assay for assessment of fungal cell damage with the tetrazolium dye, (2,3)-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphenyl)-(2h)-tetrazolium-5-carboxanil ide (xtt). | studies of antimycotic host defenses have been limited by the paucity of rapid, reproducible quantitative assays for fungal cell damage. prior studies defined a colorimetric method that uses mtt, a tetrazolium dye, to quantify polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmnl)-mediated damage to fungi. these relatively simple, rapid, and reproducible assays require cumbersome extraction of precipitated mtt-formazan and high cell densities to overcome relatively low sensitivity. in experiments that compared assa ... | 1995 | 7561202 |
| bacteriology of sinusitis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: implications for management. | the bacteriology of sinusitis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients has been only sporadically reported. in this study, we report the results of cultures taken from 12 hiv patients with refractory chronic sinusitis who underwent surgery. nine of the 12 patients had positive cultures with 16 isolates and 5 patients having multiple isolates. five of the 12 patients grew out atypical or opportunistic infections not responsive to standard medical therapy, including 3 patients with ... | 1995 | 7564835 |
| [bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and mucoviscidosis]. | patients with cystic fibrosis often suffer from aspergillosis infection (basically due to aspergillus fumigatus) which frequently colonizes their respiratory tract, but its role in the respiratory insufficiency are poorly understood. several clinical situations occur. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis rarely occurs in a typical form, and is usually difficult to diagnose from the atypical manifestations. finally indications and treatment modalities are still subject to debate. | 1995 | 7569578 |
| three cases of pulmonary aspergilloma in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. | pulmonary aspergillomas usually occur when aspergillus fungi colonise lung tissue previously damaged by disease. pulmonary aspergillomas in three adult patients with cystic fibrosis are reported--an association not previously described. at the time of diagnosis all three patients had previous long term colonisation with aspergillus fumigatus and severe advanced destructive lung disease with lung function less than 25% of the predicted normal values. it is likely that, with increasing survival in ... | 1995 | 7570421 |
| colonisation with aspergillus of an intralobar pulmonary sequestration. | pulmonary sequestration is a term used to describe an area of embryonic lung tissue supplied by an anomalous systemic artery. two forms are recognised-extralobar and intralobar-with different clinical presentations. a patient is reported with intralobar pulmonary sequestration in the left lung and colonisation with aspergillus which was successfully treated by lower lobectomy. | 1995 | 7570424 |
| renal abscess due to aspergillus fumigatus in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | disseminated aspergillosis is a systemic fungal infection that may occur in previously healthy or immunocompromised patients. the condition, although rare, is being recognized with increasing frequency in persons with the human immunodeficiency virus. clinical genitourinary involvement is unusual. we present a case of renal abscess for aspergillus fumigatus in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who complained of flank pain and fever. | 1995 | 7571190 |
| evaluation of sch51048 in an experimental model of pulmonary aspergillosis. | the efficacy of a novel triazole, sch51048, was assessed with a murine model of pulmonary aspergillosis and was compared with those of sch39304 and itraconazole. a wide range of doses of sch51048 (5 to 50 mg/kg of body weight) was evaluated. mortality was significantly delayed in mice treated with doses of 5 mg of sch51048 per kg or greater in comparison with mortality in controls (p < 0.05). both sch51048 and sch39304 at higher doses (30 and 50 mg/kg) reduced the number of viable aspergillus fu ... | 1995 | 7574528 |
| decortication is a valuable option for late empyema after collapse therapy. | infection of previous collapse therapy spaces may raise challenging problems. this study evaluated a conservative surgical approach based on decortication. | 1995 | 7574990 |
| liposomal amphotericin b in three lung transplant recipients. the groningen lung transplantation group. | opportunistic fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. conventional therapy with amphotericin b is often restricted by toxicity. however, side effects and toxicity of liposomal amphotericin b are reported to be limited. | 1995 | 7578189 |
| [chronic septic granulomatosis revealed by neonatal pulmonary aspergillosis]. | pulmonary aspergillosis is now the main cause of death in chronic granulomatous disease (cgd); it may occur before the age of one year and then often reveals cgd. | 1995 | 7581783 |
| liquid chromatographic determination of the antibiotic fumagillin in fish meat samples. | a procedure for the determination of fumagillin, an antibiotic of aspergillus fumigatus in fish meat samples, using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described. liquid chromatography was performed on an octadecylsilane column using acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase, with detection at 350 nm. two different types of sample preparation were developed, clean-up and enrichment, and the limits of quantification were 100 ng/g and 5 ng/g, respectively, in ... | 1995 | 7581853 |
| aspergillus fumigatus antigens. | cytosolic fractions of mycelial extracts from aspergillus nidulans, a. flavus, and three different isolates of a. fumigatus, grown to stationary phase in czapek-dox-aoac medium, were tested by immunoblotting for the presence of antigens reactive to 80 serum samples from aspergilloma patients. fifty control serum samples were used to determine the specificity of the reactions. in the a. fumigatus cytosolic fraction a group of four main antigenic bands (p90, p60, p40 and p37) was consistently reco ... | 1995 | 7582030 |
| unsaturated fatty acids are the active molecules of a glucan-synthase-inhibitory fraction isolated from entomophthoralean protoplasts. | a few entomophthoralean species are able to multiply in a protoplast form. the polysaccharide synthases which synthesize the cell wall are inactivated in this form. an inhibitor of one of the key enzymes of wall synthesis, glucan synthase, was isolated from entomophthoralean protoplasts, using silica column chromatography and hplc. thin-layer and gas chromatography revealed free fatty acids in the inhibitory fractions. these fatty acids, including long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, were shown t ... | 1995 | 7582036 |
| allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis presenting with cough variant asthma and identifiable source of aspergillus fumigatus. | a 76-year-old man developed allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis initially presenting with cough variant asthma. symptoms worsened after exposure to ground mulch which was an identifiable source of aspergillus fumigatus. symptoms improved after corticosteroids and avoidance measures were instituted. | 1995 | 7583851 |
| chemotaxis of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in response to microbial products derived from organic dust. | the inhalation of organic dust has been implicated to cause a large number of occupational lung diseases. a common event in these diseases is an inflammatory reaction affecting airway and alveolar tissue that is characterized by the recruitment of different types of inflammatory cells. mechanisms of chemotaxis of alveolar macrophages (ams) and neutrophils (pmns) in response to microbial products derived from organic dust were studied. seven agents known to be etiological agents causing respirato ... | 1995 | 7588495 |
| catheter-related cutaneous aspergillosis complicated by fungemia and fatal pulmonary infection in an hiv-positive patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. | a case of intravenous catheter-related cutaneous aspergillosis and aspergillus fumigatus fungemia in an hiv-positive patient with burkitt-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia is reported. the patient developed pulmonary aspergillosis with a rapidly fatal outcome despite recovery from neutropenia and improvement of the underlying malignancy. the unusual severity and rapid spread of the infection, despite normal neutrophil count and prompt antifungal therapy, suggest that hiv-related immunocompromise m ... | 1995 | 7588826 |
| an immunodominant 90-kilodalton aspergillus fumigatus antigen is the subunit of a catalase. | we have identified, purified, and characterized structurally and functionally a 90-kda immunodominant antigen associated with the water-soluble fraction of aspergillus fumigatus. this antigen is recognized by 90.3% of serum samples from patients with aspergilloma and should be considered either by itself or better in combination with other purified antigens as a candidate for developing a standardized immunoassay for the detection of aspergilloma. p90 is a glycoprotein containing at least two tw ... | 1995 | 7591135 |
| hickman catheter-associated primary cutaneous aspergillosis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1995 | 7591435 |
| geri-bp001 compounds, new inhibitors of acyl-coa: cholesterol acyltransferase from aspergillus fumigatus f37. i. production, isolation, and physico-chemical and biological properties. | geri-bp001 compounds, new inhibitors of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase (acat), were isolated from a culture broth of aspergillus fumigatus f37 by acetone extraction, etoac extraction, sio2 column chromatography, and reverse phase hplc. geri-bp001 m, a, and b inhibit acat activity in an enzyme assay system using rat liver microsomes by 50% at concentrations of 42, 94, and 40 microm, respectively. | 1995 | 7592016 |
| interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha protect mice from invasive aspergillosis. | the immunopathogenesis of invasive aspergillosis and the role played by cytokines are not fully understood. the roles of interferon (ifn)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha were investigated in balb/c mice infected intravenously with 5 x 10(5) aspergillus fumigatus conidia. eight groups of animals were studied, including 2 control groups (mice only infected with a. fumigatus and those given cortisone acetate and infected with a. fumigatus) and 6 groups of infected mice either treated or ... | 1995 | 7594716 |
| invasive central nervous system aspergillosis: cure with liposomal amphotericin b, itraconazole, and radical surgery--case report and review of the literature. | invasive aspergillosis of the central nervous system is a rare but well-described disease. there have been only a few reported survivors, and mortality exceeds 95% in the immunosuppressed host. we present a 2-year-old boy with acute lymphatic leukemia and multiple aspergillus brain abscesses who was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin b, itraconazole, and surgical excision of the abscesses. liposomal amphotericin b is a new preparation that safely allows the attainment of significan ... | 1995 | 7596522 |
| [otomycosis and topical application of thimerosal: study of 152 cases]. | to evaluate the effectiveness of the topical application of timerosal (merthilate tintura) in mycosis involving the external auditory canal. | 1995 | 7598973 |
| progression of pulmonary disease after disappearance of pseudomonas in cystic fibrosis. | once cystic fibrosis (cf) patients become chronically colonized, eradication of pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) is rare. we report five patients, each colonized for at least 6 yr, whose subsequent cultures did not reveal pa or any other gram-negative pathogen for at least 2 yr. two patients harbored yeast, normal throat flora, and occasional colonies of aspergillus fumigatus, but no pa, haemophilus influenzae, or other gram-negative pathogens. in two patients, sputum cultures revealed staphylococcus ... | 1995 | 7599818 |
| lack of association between hla-dq and -dr genotypes and asthma in southern chinese patients. | asthma is an inflammatory disease with a strong genetic predisposition. we have studied a group of unrelated asthmatic patients of southern chinese origin on their hla-dr and -dq regions using molecular techniques and compared them with 104 healthy controls of the same ethnic origin. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) was used to genotype the mhc class ii dr beta, dq alpha and dq beta loci of the subjects. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using sequence specific primer (ssp) for dq b ... | 1995 | 7600378 |
| primary cutaneous aspergillosis in an immunocompetent child. | | 1995 | 7601934 |
| [protective effect of human macrophage colony-stimulating factor on fungal infection (2). in vitro effect of human macrophage colony-stimulating factor on systemic aspergillosis and in vitro effect on the activities of macrophage]. | we studied the protective effect of human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (m-csf) of fungal infection due to systemic aspergillosis in normal mice. we also examined the effect of m-csf against the activities of mouse peritoneal macrophage which were relating to the phagocytosis, the killing, the production of superoxide after contacting with phorbol myristate acetate and the production of nitric oxide after contacting with interferon-gamma in vitro. m-csf improved the median survival time a ... | 1995 | 7602192 |
| invasive aspergillosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. | invasive aspergillosis is seldomly described in systemic lupus erythematosus. we present two cases of aspergillosis and review 21 cases reported between 1957 and 1994. the typical clinical presentation is fever and cough in a hospitalized sle patient previously treated with corticosteroids, immunosuppressors, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. unlike aspergillosis in other conditions, granulocytopenia is uncommon. chest radiographs show diffuse or patchy infiltration of lung fields. diagnosis was s ... | 1995 | 7604298 |
| aspergillus fumigatus peritonitis in a patient on capd. | | 1995 | 7612748 |
| antibody responses to aspergillus fumigatus allergens in patients with cystic fibrosis. | | 1995 | 7613194 |
| cloning allergens from aspergillus fumigatus: the filamentous phage approach. | | 1995 | 7613215 |
| zinc as a growth factor for aspergillus sp. and the antifungal effects of root canal sealants. | noninvasive aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus is frequently associated with extrusion of root canal cements into the sinus, and it has been suggested that zinc oxide-based materials might promote infection because zinc is a growth factor for aspergillus sp. to investigate this possibility pure zinc oxide-eugenol cement and five other cements were tested for antifungal activity against five strains of aspergillus fumigatus, one strain of a. niger, and one strain of a. flavus by zone inhibition ... | 1995 | 7614168 |
| detection of aspergillus species dna in bronchoalveolar lavage samples by competitive pcr. | a competitive pcr assay involving the use of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) was developed. for this purpose, a 1-kb mitochondrial dna fragment of aspergillus fumigatus was sequenced. the primers used allowed amplification of a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. terreus, and a. niger dnas but not dnas of other fungi and yeasts. bal samples from 55 consecutively enrolled patients were tested. three samples were excluded because of failure of ... | 1995 | 7615723 |
| effect of increasing inoculum sizes of pathogenic filamentous fungi on mics of antifungal agents by broth microdilution method. | inoculum size is a critical variable in development of methods for antifungal susceptibility testing for filamentous fungi. in order to investigate the influence of different inoculum sizes on mics of amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, itraconazole, and miconazole, 32 clinical isolates (8 aspergillus fumigatus, 8 aspergillus flavus, 5 rhizopus arrhizus, 8 pseudallescheria boydii, and 3 fusarium solani isolates) were studied by the broth microdilution method. four inoculum sizes were studied: 1 x ... | 1995 | 7615745 |
| invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in aids: radiographic, ct, and pathologic findings. | to review the radiographic and computed tomographic (ct) manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and to correlate the imaging and pathologic findings in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1995 | 7617853 |
| non-grinding method of dna isolation from human pathogenic filamentous fungi using xanthogenates. | | 1995 | 7619488 |
| aspergillus fumigatus infection of a biloma. | | 1995 | 7620038 |
| pyripyropenes, novel acat inhibitors produced by aspergillus fumigatus. iii. structure elucidation of pyripyropenes e to l. | eight new pyripyropenes, e to l, were isolated from the culture broth of aspergillus fumigatus fo-1289-2501 selected as a higher producer by ntg mutation. structural elucidation indicated that all the pyripyropenes have the same pyridino-alpha-pyrone sesquiterpene core as pyripyropenes a to d. among them, pyripyropene l showed the most potent inhibition against acyl-coa: cholesterol acyltransferase (acat) activity with an ic50 value of 0.27 microm in rat liver microsomes. | 1995 | 7622436 |
| therapeutic monitoring of experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by ultrafast computerized tomography, a novel, noninvasive method for measuring responses to antifungal therapy. | pulmonary infiltrates in neutropenic hosts with invasive aspergillosis are due to vascular invasion and hemorrhagic infarction. in order to measure the effect of antifungal compounds on this organism-mediated tissue injury, we monitored the course of pulmonary infiltrates by serial ultrafast computerized tomography (ufct) in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits with experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. the course of pulmonary lesions measured by serial ufct scans was compared with tho ... | 1995 | 7625790 |
| in vitro evaluation of the pneumocandin antifungal agent l-733560, a new water-soluble hybrid of l-705589 and l-731373. | lipopeptide l-733560 is a hybrid analog of l-731373 and l-705589. all are water-soluble semisynthetic pneumocandin bo derivatives. in vitro susceptibility testing of l-705589, l-731373, and l-733560 against more than 200 clinical isolates consisting of eight candida species, cryptococcus neoformans, and three aspergillus species was performed by the broth microdilution methods. all three pneumocandins exhibited potent anti-candida activity and moderate anti-c. neoformans activity. however, anti- ... | 1995 | 7625791 |
| evaluation of water-soluble pneumocandin analogs l-733560, l-705589, and l-731373 with mouse models of disseminated aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis. | the activities of the water-soluble pneumocandin derivatives l-733560, l-705589, and l-731373 were evaluated in mouse models of disseminated aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis and were compared with those of commercially available antifungal agents. pneumocandins are inhibitors of 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthesis. in the aspergillosis model, l-733560 and l-705589 significantly prolonged the survival of dba/2n mice challenged intravenously with aspergillus fumigatus conidia. l-733560 and l ... | 1995 | 7625792 |
| complicated pulmonary aspergillosis with pneumothorax and pneumopericardium in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | invasive aspergillosis is a fungal infection that is being observed increasingly in immunocompromised patients due to the use of more aggressive chemotherapeutic regimens. to our knowledge, no case of pneumothorax and pneumopericardium associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis has been reported to date. high-dose amphotericin b (1 to 1.5 mg/kg/day) is the treatment of choice, although severe side effects, especially hypokalemia, are very common. itraconazole is considered to be a therapeu ... | 1995 | 7626390 |
| invasive rhinosino-orbital aspergillosis with precipitous visual loss. | to describe the clinicopathological and radiologic features in five cases of primary and secondary orbital aspergillosis. | 1995 | 7627896 |
| novel 1,2-dithiins: synthesis, molecular modeling studies, and antifungal activity. | the first structure-activity study involving the 1,2-dithiin class of compounds (1,2-dithiacyclohexadienes) is herein reported. a series of 3,6-disubstituted 1,2-dithiins was synthesized from dithiins 1d and 1e and evaluated as antifungal agents. a new and versatile synthesis of dithiins 1d and 1e is reported which is amenable to scale-up at the kilogram level. the novelty of the process derives from the use of beta-mercaptopropionitrile as the thiophile, relying on a beta-elimination strategy a ... | 1995 | 7629803 |
| liposomal entrapment of the neutrophil-derived peptide indolicidin endows it with in vivo antifungal activity. | indolicidin, a cationic tridecapeptide amide isolated from the granules of bovine neutrophils, has been found to possess potent antimicrobial activity in vitro but its nonselective toxicity could restrict its therapeutic utility. we found that the concentration at which indolicidin disrupts washed human red blood cell membranes coincided with the concentration at which indolicidin self associates. because of a preponderance of hydrophobic residues, we believed that indolicidin would partition in ... | 1995 | 7632702 |
| purification, n-terminal amino acid sequence and partial characterization of a cu,zn superoxide dismutase from the pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. | a superoxide dismutase (sod) has been purified to homogeneity from the fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus using a combination of cell homogenization, isoelectric focusing and gel filtration fplc. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme demonstrated substantial homology to known cu,zn superoxide dismutases for a range of organisms, including neurospora crassa and saccharomyces cerevisiae. the enzyme subunit has a pi of 5.9, a relative molecular mass of 19 kda and a spectral a ... | 1995 | 7633574 |
| identification of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis patients by recombinant aspergillus fumigatus i/a-specific serology. | before specific therapy, such as oral corticosteroids, can be commenced it is essential to distinguish full-blown allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) from allergy to a. fumigatus in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). for this purpose we have evaluated the diagnostic value of recombinant a. fumigatus allergen i/a (rasp f i/a)-specific serology in 55 patients with cf. based on clinical presentation and laboratory data, 10 cf patients had abpa, 27 had aspergillus allergy, and 18 were no ... | 1995 | 7633719 |
| aspergillus keratitis after radial keratotomy. | purpose/methods: a case of severe aspergillus keratitis after radial keratotomy manifested as a discrete midstromal infiltrate along a radial incision. despite aggressive treatment with topical amphotericin b and oral itraconazole, the patient required a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. results/conclusions: histopathologic examination disclosed a corneal ulcer with numerous septate, branching hyphae throughout the stroma, and marked stromal necrosis. aspergillus species should be included a ... | 1995 | 7639314 |
| [hemophagocytic syndrome in children infected by hiv. apropos of 3 cases]. | the hemophagocytic syndrome has previously been reported in different infectious diseases (ebv, cmv, tuberculosis...) but rarely in adults with aids and never in children suffering from aids. | 1995 | 7640736 |
| effects of leader sequences upon the heterologous expression of restrictocin in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus niger. | the effects of altered leader sequences on the secretion and localization of restrictiocin expression in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus niger were investigated. the region encoding the leader sequence of the aspergillus restrictus restrictocin (res) gene was altered and variants were expressed under the glucoamylase (glaa) promoter in a. nidulans and a. niger. the entire restrictocin leader sequence was replaced by the glaa leader sequence in one variant. in another, the signal sequence of ... | 1995 | 7641142 |
| pulmonary aspergillosis and pseudosequestration of the lung in chronic granulomatous disease. | we present a case of chronic granulomatous disease with an angiographically proven pseudosequestration of the lung. the patient was a 15-year-old boy who was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of fever, cough, hemoptysis and a subcutaneous abscess. aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the sputum and the abscess. during treatment, angiography demonstrated on anomalous blood supply to the right middle lobe. the therapeutic implications of pseudosequestration of the lung for the treatment of ... | 1995 | 7644303 |
| different reactivity to recombinant aspergillus fumigatus allergen i/a in patients with atopic dermatitis or allergic asthma sensitised to aspergillus fumigatus. | we report a clinical study comparing the skin test reactivity to recombinant aspergillus fumigatus allergen 1 (rasp fi/a) in patients with atopic dermatitis and a. fumigatus sensitisation (n = 15), a. fumigatus-allergic patients with asthma (n = 10) and healthy control subjects (n = 10). all patients sensitised to a. fumigatus reacted at intradermal skin tests with commercial a. fumigatus extracts in contrast to the healthy subjects. six out of 10 patients with well-characterised a. fumigatus al ... | 1995 | 7647590 |
| [a very up-to-date stage in the fate of infectious diseases: parasitic and fungal opportunistic infections]. | opportunistic parasitosis and mycosis are becoming ever more widespread, mainly under the influence of major immunodeficiencies, either acquired (aids) or therapeutic. in this general overview, their main aspects, both clinical and epidemiological, are underlined. in terms of epidemiology, three types of phenomena have been observed: 1) emergence of human parasitosis unknown before (microsporidiosis due to enterocytozoon bieneusi, encephalitozoom hellem or septata intestinalis); 2) among the hum ... | 1995 | 7648314 |
| comparison of three typing methods for clinical and environmental isolates of aspergillus fumigatus. | to evaluate procedures used for epidemiologic analysis of outbreaks of aspergillosis, we analyzed a collection of 35 aspergillus fumigatus isolates using three typing methods: isoenzyme analysis (iea), random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis, and restriction endonuclease analysis (rea). twenty-one isolates were from a single hospital, with four isolates coming from different patients. three clinical isolates came from a different hospital, and 11 clinical or environmental isolates were ... | 1995 | 7650194 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence of a specific dna fragment from paracoccidioides brasiliensis. | we cloned and sequenced a species-specific 110-bp dna fragment from paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the dna fragment was generated by pcr with primers complementary to the rat beta-actin gene under a low annealing temperature. comparison of the nucleotide sequence, after excluding the primers, with those in the genbank database identified approximately 60% homology with an exon of a major surface glycoprotein gene from pneumocystis carinii and a fragment of unknown function in saccharomyces cerev ... | 1995 | 7650207 |
| antigens of aspergillus fumigatus produced in vivo. | immunoblots of extracts from kidneys of mice infected intravenously with aspergillus fumigatus were probed with human sera from patients with aspergilloma. a limited number of antigens were detected with molecular masses of 31, 36, 56, 84, 88 and 200 kda. these antigens can be clustered into two classes: (i) galactomannan and/or galactofuran-containing glycoproteins; and (ii) antigenic proteins (31, 36 and 88 kda) exempt of the galactofuran epitope. antigens belonging to this second class were a ... | 1995 | 7650587 |
| fatal outcome of aspergillus fumigatus arthritis in a renal transplant recipient. | | 1995 | 7652883 |
| [aspergillosis of the larynx]. | aspergillosis of the larynx is extremely rare. six cases of aspergillosis of the larynx were presented. clinical characters of the patients were as follows: (1) their physical conditions were excellent: (2) hoarsenes was the first symptom; (3) true vocal cord demonstrated white mass; (4) biopsy of the lesion revealed suppurative, granulomatous and necrotic inflammation with hyphae and spore with in the tissue; (5) culture of fungi displayed tobaco colour colonies of aspergillus. microscopic exam ... | 1995 | 7654416 |
| intrathoracic mass in a 34 year old cystic fibrosis patient. | | 1995 | 7656967 |
| stimulation of neutrophil phagocytosis of aspergillus fumigatus conidia by interleukin-8 and n-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine. | the effect of the chemoattractants, interleukin-8 (il-8) and n-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fmlp) on neutrophil phagocytosis of serum-opsonised aspergillus fumigatus conidia were studied. pre-exposure of neutrophil monolayers to il-8 (10-100 ng ml-1) or fmlp (10(-6)m) for 20 min increased phagocytosis from 15% to 35%. furthermore, there was a significant increase in the numbers of conidia ingested by active neutrophils. the chemoattractants did not enhance phagocytosis of conidia when ad ... | 1995 | 7658309 |
| aspergillus arvii spec. nov., a new animal pathogen? | aspergillus arvii sp. nov. aho, horie, nishimura & miyaji isolated from liver lesions of a dairy cow in finland, is suggested to represent a new species. it differs from the other members of the aspergillus fumigatus group by its stable brown colony colour, the ornamentation of its conidia as well as the shape of the vesicles and length of conidiophores. | 1994 | 7659124 |
| amphotericin b followed by itraconazole in the treatment of disseminated fungal infections in neutropenic patients. | the role of the new triazoles in the treatment of disseminated fungal infections in neutropenic patients is at present under scrutiny. six neutropenic patients with disseminated fungal infections were treated with amphotericin b during neutropenia and itraconazole after bone marrow recovery. there were three pulmonary aspergillomas, one aspergillus fumigatus sinusitis, one fusarium-mycosis and one disseminated candidosis. four patients were cured of the infection. this approach seems to be safe ... | 1994 | 7659132 |
| pulmonary aspergilloma in a patient with aids. | aspergillus infections are rare in the course of aids. they mostly occur as invasive destructive disease in patients with severe cd4 cell depletion. an unusual case of a homosexual aids patient who developed a pulmonary aspergilloma is presented. | 1995 | 7660348 |
| pathogenesis of pulmonary aspergillosis. granulocytopenia versus cyclosporine and methylprednisolone-induced immunosuppression. | patients with chemotherapy-induced granulocytopenia for neoplastic diseases and those receiving cyclosporin a plus corticosteroids for prevention and treatment of organ transplant rejection are two immunologically distinct patient populations with high risks for development of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. in order to compare the pathogenesis of aspergillosis in these two high-risk populations and to further characterize the role of cyclosporin a in development of pulmonary aspergillosis, we ... | 1995 | 7663787 |
| sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with pastorex latex agglutination test for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. | the performance of a direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting aspergillus galactomannan was compared with that of the pastorex aspergillus antigen latex agglutination (la) test by using 532 serum samples from 61 patients at risk for invasive aspergillosis. the elisa gave positive results earlier in the course of infection than did the la test. a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 86% were obtained for the la test and corresponding values of 90 and 84% were obt ... | 1995 | 7665670 |
| highly sensitive detection of fungal antigens by ultrasound-enhanced latex agglutination. | treatment with ultrasound has been employed to greatly enhance the sensitivity of commercially available latex agglutination tests for fungal antigens. this 5 min procedure detects 40 pg ml-1 of candida albicans mannan and 70 pg ml-1 of aspergillus fumigatus galactomannan, a 250 and 500-fold improvement respectively over conventional agglutination test sensitivities. the ultrasound-enhanced test offers the possibility of improved diagnosis and management of patients with systemical candidosis or ... | 1995 | 7666302 |
| disseminated fungal infection and early onset microangiopathy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | we report a patient who developed early onset microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (maha) and thrombocytopenia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt). the clinical features and laboratory findings were not consistent with cyclosporin toxicity, graft-versus-host disease or cytomegalovirus infection as causative factors. necropsy showed extensive vascular occlusion by angioinvasive hyphae of aspergillus fumigatus in many organs. disseminated fungal infection should be considered in the di ... | 1995 | 7670410 |
| allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a case report. | aspergillus-associated pulmonary diseases are aspergilloma, invasive aspergillosis, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is caused by a complex of immunologic reactions to the presence of the aspergillus species colonizing the bronchial trees. the disease is not common in taiwan. the major diagnostic criteria for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are 1) bronchial asthma, 2) pulmonary infiltration, 3) peripheral eosinophilia, 4) positive skin ... | 1995 | 7674424 |
| enhancement of oxidative response and damage caused by human neutrophils to aspergillus fumigatus hyphae by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and gamma interferon. | invasive aspergillosis is a serious fungal infection caused by the proliferation and invasion of aspergillus hyphae in tissue. neutrophils (pmns) are the most important line of defense against aspergillus hyphae. to investigate the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) against aspergillus fumigatus, we studied the effects of the two cytokines on the oxidative burst and the capacity of normal human pmns to damage hyphae of the organism. g-csf enhan ... | 1993 | 7681040 |
| [pathologico-anatomic and mycotoxicologic studies of aspergillosis in birds]. | 4.0% of all birds (n = 11249) examined post mortem at the institute of avian diseases, oberschleissheim, showed fungal infections of the respiratory tract. clinical and histopathological findings to date have suggested toxin production in aspergillus fumigatus infections. to obtain detailed information, preselected tissues from the lungs and air sacs (n = 17) were examined by culture and fluorescence microscopy. in 12 cases gliotoxin (0.1-0.45 mg/kg) was found in the a. fumigatus infected tissue ... | 1993 | 7683826 |
| prevention of corticosteroid-induced suppression of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced damage of aspergillus fumigatus hyphae by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and gamma interferon. | neutrophils (pmns) are a critical line of defense against aspergillus fumigatus infection. increased frequency of invasive aspergillosis has been observed in patients receiving corticosteroids, suggesting a deleterious effect of these compounds on pmn antifungal function. to investigate this hypothesis and to determine the potential preventive utility of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), the effects of hydrocortisone (hcs) and dexamethasone (dxs) on ... | 1993 | 7691757 |
| effects of antifungal agent combinations administered simultaneously and sequentially against aspergillus fumigatus. | the in vitro effects of antifungal agent combinations administered simultaneously and sequentially against 15 strains of aspergillus fumigatus were tested by the yeast-malt broth method. the synergistic effect of the combination of amphotericin b (amph) and miconazole was observed in nine strains (60%). however, the combinations of amph and fluconazole, amph and ketoconazole, and amph and itraconazole administered simultaneously showed antagonistic effects against three (20%), five (34%), and fo ... | 1994 | 7695271 |
| new in vitro assay based on glucose consumption for determining intraconazole and amphotericin b activities against aspergillus fumigatus. | we developed a new in vitro method of evaluating antifungal molecules. fungal growth was determined by measuring glucose consumption, the only carbon source in a synthetic medium. first, the growth of 12 aspergillus fumigatus strains was studied. glucose consumption was an excellent indicator of fungal growth. second, the partial inhibition of growth was calculated in terms of the 90% or 50% inhibitory concentration for the 12 strains after treatment with itraconazole and amphotericin b. with a ... | 1994 | 7695274 |
| in vitro and ex vivo effects of cyclosporin a on phagocytic host defenses against aspergillus fumigatus. | because cyclosporin a (csa) is extensively used as an immunosuppressive agent, its effects on phagocytic defenses against aspergillus fumigatus were studied in vitro and ex vivo. after incubation with 10 to 250 ng of csa per ml at 37 degrees c for 60 min, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) exhibited unaltered superoxide anion (o2-) production in response to phorbol myristate acetate and n-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine, whereas > or = 500 ng/ml significantly suppressed it (p < 0.01). more ... | 1994 | 7695277 |
| liposomal amphotericin b for postoperative aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis. | a 10-month-old infant girl presented with aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis localized to a gore-tex patch used as part of the repair for double-outlet right ventricle. a new liposomal preparation of amphotericin b combined with surgical vegectomy resulted in a successful outcome with no evidence of disease recurrence at 15 months' follow-up. echocardiography provided an optimal modality for ongoing evaluation of therapeutic outcome. | 1995 | 7695378 |
| phylogeny and pcr identification of the human pathogenic fungus penicillium marneffei. | the phylogenetic position of the human pathogenic fungus penicillium marneffei was assessed from the nucleotide sequences of the nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal dna regions. phylogenetic analysis determined that p. marneffei is closely related to species of penicillium subgenus biverticillium and sexual talaromyces species with asexual biverticillate penicillium states. knowledge of the phylogenetic position of p. marneffei facilitated the design of unique oligonucleotide primers, from the n ... | 1995 | 7699073 |
| adjuvant itraconazole in the treatment of destructive sphenoid aspergillosis. | paranasal aspergillosis is a potentially progressive continuum of disease, classically described as having four forms: allergic, non-invasive, invasive, and fulminant. the first two have been considered together as extramucosal disease whilst the latter two are both variants of tissue-invasive disease. sphenoid aspergillosis, given its anatomical location is a more aggressive disease than that found affecting the other paranasal sinuses, even when non-invasive, and may be fatal. this is compound ... | 1994 | 7701229 |
| [surgical treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma]. | pulmonary aspergilloma can now be classified as an opportunistic disease given that aspergillus tends to colonize preexisting cavities in the lung. aspergilloma is the usual pleuropulmonary anatomical sign, hemoptysis is the most frequent symptom and a chest film is the simplest diagnostic tool. the advisability of surgery is disputed, particularly in asymptomatic patients and/or those at high surgical risk. we describe 14 patients who underwent surgery in our department, evaluating aspects of t ... | 1995 | 7704392 |
| [therapeutic alternatives in complicated nonsurgical pulmonary aspergillomas]. | we present 2 patients with pulmonary aspergilloma complicated by massive hemoptysis who were not good candidates for surgery and were treated with intracavitary amphotericin b after arterial embolization failed. in spite of the size of the mycetomas, response to treatment was excellent with full regression of the aspergilloma after 3 to 4 weeks; precipitins to aspergillus fumigatus became negative and the fungus disappeared from transcatheter aspirate samples. massive hemoptysis was controlled w ... | 1995 | 7704395 |
| virulence of aspergillus fumigatus strains investigated by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis. | a possible relationship between the ability of aspergillus fumigatus strains to invade tissues and genetic polymorphism was studied by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. one hundred randomly designed oligonucleotide decamers were examined with dna of three reference strains, eight environmental isolates and 21 isolates from two distinct clinical situations: non-invasive aspergillosis (predominantly aspergilloma) and invasive aspergillosis. one primer (opq 6) was found to generate ... | 1995 | 7707339 |
| invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. | invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a frequent complication in immunocompromised patients. the role of the prolonged use of steroids in predisposing to invasive aspergillosis has been recognized, but exceptionally described in asthmatic patients. we report the case of a 59-year-old woman with bronchial asthma treated with steroid therapy for a long time, who developed an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with an unusual combination of invasive and allergic disease. it seems reasonable to think th ... | 1995 | 7709000 |
| pleuro-pulmonary aspergillosis. us and us-guided biopsy as an aid to diagnosis. | we reviewed the us findings and the diagnostic yield of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (fnab) for cytologic and microbiologic samples in 4 patients with pulmonary or pleural aspergillosis. all 3 apical aspergillus abscesses were round, hypoechoic with irregular margins and one contained echo-densities with shadowing consistent with air. one pleural empyema was oval and hypoechoic. cytology suggested inflammation in all cases and aspergillus hyphae were detected in 2 of 4 aspirates. culture of the ... | 1995 | 7710789 |
| antimicrobial efficacy of two commercial rgp contact lens care systems. | we compared the antimicrobial activities of two rigid gas permeable (rgp) lens care systems, a one-step wetting and soaking system (0.005% chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.02% edta) and a conditioning solution (0.006% chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.05% edta). the formulations were individually inoculated with approximately 10(6) cfu/ml of a pathogenic organism. both the one-step wetting and soaking system and the conditioning solution demonstrated good antimicrobial efficacy against pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 1995 | 7712601 |
| specific recognition of purified cu,zn superoxide dismutase from aspergillus fumigatus by immune human sera. | sera from 22 (84.6%) of 26 patients with confirmed aspergillus infections recognized a purified cu,zn superoxide dismutase from a. fumigatus on western blots (immunoblots). sera from 32 (71%) of 45 patients with suspected aspergillus infections were reactive to the superoxide dismutase. normal human sera and sera from patients with other infections were unreactive. | 1995 | 7714216 |
| detection of (1-3)-beta-d-glucan in a rat model of aspergillosis. | the g test containing factor g, fractioned from the limulus lysate, was used to detect (1-3)-beta-d-glucan in a rat model of aspergillosis. aspergillus fumigatus strain mf-13, 1 x 10(4) conidia, were inoculated transtracheally into rats treated with cortisone acetate (100 mg/kg) and fed a low-protein (8%) diet. increased serum (1-3)-beta-d-glucan was found on the sixth day after inoculation in concentrations of 370 +/- 178 pg/ml (mean +/- sd) in untreated controls, and 154 +/- 43 pg/ml in rats t ... | 1995 | 7714664 |
| cloning and disruption of the gene encoding an extracellular metalloprotease of aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus secretes a serine alkaline protease (alp) and a metalloprotease (mep) when the fungus is cultivated in the presence of collagen as sole nitrogen and carbon source. the gene encoding alp was isolated and characterized previously. we report here the cloning and the sequencing of the gene encoding mep. genomic and cdna clones were isolated from a. fumigatus libraries using synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. stretches of the deduced amino acid sequence were found to be in ag ... | 1994 | 7715453 |
| mouse model of x-linked chronic granulomatous disease, an inherited defect in phagocyte superoxide production. | chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is a recessive disorder characterized by a defective phagocyte respiratory burst oxidase, life-threatening pyogenic infections and inflammatory granulomas. gene targeting was used to generate mice with a null allele of the gene involved in x-linked cgd, which encodes the 91 kd subunit of the oxidase cytochrome b. affected hemizygous male mice lacked phagocyte superoxide production, manifested an increased susceptibility to infection with staphylococcus aureus ... | 1995 | 7719350 |