| effect of edta on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium involves a component not assignable to lipopolysaccharide release. | the effect of edta on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was studied in different growth phases with cells grown with or without ca(2+) and mg(2+) supplementation. edta affected the outer membrane much more strongly in the early exponential phase than in the mid- or late exponential phase, as indicated by uptake of 1-n-phenylnaphthylamine (a nonpolar hydrophobic probe, m(r) 219), and detergent (sds) susceptibility. this effect was, however, not paralleled by lps release (determined by measu ... | 2003 | 12904541 |
| clinical review of nontyphoid salmonella infections from 1991 to 1999 in a danish county. | to determine outcomes of nontyphoid salmonella infections, we reviewed all 3328 cases of infection registered in a large danish county from 1991 to 1999. the hospitalization rate was 27% among patients <5 years old, 22% among patients 5-59 years old, and 54% among patients > or =60 years old; complications were present in 7% and extraintestinal disease in 4% of patients. we conclude that nontyphoid salmonella infections may frequently cause severe disease even among patients without predisposing ... | 2003 | 12905152 |
| typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars choleraesuis, typhimurium, dublin and laboratory strains of escherichia coli using subtracted restriction fingerprinting (srf). | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of a new typing technique called subtracted restriction fingerprinting (srf) for bacterial strain and isolate discrimination. the technique was applied to isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovars choleraesuis, typhimurium, dublin and to two laboratory strains of e. coli. srf is based on the selective removal of excess fragments from a restriction digest using magnetic particles. subsequently, the remaining subset of ... | 2003 | 12906386 |
| anaerobiosis-induced virulence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium: role of phospholipase cgamma signalling cascade. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) can initiate entry into non-phagocytic epithelial cells by triggering certain signal transduction pathways, thereby allowing the pathogen to invade and establish a niche within host cells. anaerobiosis has been shown to be an important inducer of the invasion process of s. typhimurium. however, the effect of anaerobiosis on modulation of cell signalling cascades by s. typhimurium is not known. in the present study, the phos ... | 2003 | 12909648 |
| simple and rapid detection of salmonella strains by direct pcr amplification of the hila gene. | the suitability of a pcr procedure using a pair of primers targeting the hila gene was evaluated as a means of detecting salmonella species. a total of 33 salmonella strains from 27 serovars and 15 non-salmonella strains from eight different genera were included. pcr with all the salmonella strains produced a 784 bp dna fragment that was absent from all the non-salmonella strains tested. the detection limit of the pcr was 100 pg with genomic dna and 3 x 10(4) c.f.u. ml(-1) with serial dilutions ... | 2003 | 12909653 |
| metabiosis of proteolytic moulds and salmonella in raw, ripe tomatoes. | the aim of this study was to determine the survival and growth characteristics of salmonella enterica in sound and chill-injured tomatoes as influenced by co-infection with proteolytic moulds. | 2003 | 12911690 |
| taking possession: biogenesis of the salmonella-containing vacuole. | the gram-negative pathogen salmonella enterica can survive and replicate within a variety of mammalian cells. regardless of the cell type, internalized bacteria survive and replicate within the salmonella-containing vacuole, the biogenesis of which is dependent on bacterially encoded virulence factors. in particular, type iii secretion systems translocate bacterial effector proteins into the eukaryotic cell where they can specifically interact with a variety of targets. salmonella has two distin ... | 2003 | 12911813 |
| activity of faropenem and imipenem for ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria. | to determine whether an association exists between ciprofloxacin and faropenem resistance in bacteria including multiply drug-resistant isolates. | 2003 | 12917244 |
| comparison of phenotypic traits and genetic relatedness of salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae isolates from a colony of ridgenose rattlesnakes with osteomyelitis. | reptiles are well-known sources of human salmonella infections; however, little is known about the ability of salmonella to cause disease in reptiles. thirty-seven isolates of salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (s. arizonae) were obtained from retrospective and prospective studies of a closed colony of ridgenose rattlesnakes (crotalus willardi) with osteomyelitis. all isolates (n = 7) from bone lesions were of a single serotype, 56:z4,z23, and this serotype was found on only 1 occasion amon ... | 2003 | 12918823 |
| clinical coccidiosis in a boar stud. | this report describes an outbreak of coccidiosis in a boar stud. a live, untreated, adult boar with a history of diarrhea was submitted to the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory, ames, ia. for a 3-month period, approximately 40% of the boars in this stud had developed gray to brown diarrhea that lasted 1-3 days. affected boars did not lose condition, and antibiotic therapy did not appear to affect the clinical course ofthe disease. at necropsy, the distal ileum was palpably t ... | 2003 | 12918824 |
| aflp analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates of phage types dt 9 and dt 135: diversity within phage types and its epidemiological significance. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) was applied to 35 and 34 isolates, respectively, of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage types dt 9 and dt 135, using eight primer pair combinations. eight and 17 aflp types were observed in dt 9 and dt 135, respectively. dt 9 is rare in the uk and common in australia, but one aflp form dominated with 28 isolates, comprising 22 of 25 uk isolates, four of five australian isolates, one jamaican and one spanish isolate. of the others, two uk is ... | 2003 | 12919852 |
| plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica. | the selective pressure imposed by the use of antimicrobials in both human and veterinary medicine promotes the spread of multiple antimicrobial resistance. the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica strains, causing severe enteritis in human, has been reported worldwide and is largely attributed to conjugative dna exchange. in the present review, the relevance of plasmids to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in s. enterica is discussed. recent examples of pl ... | 2003 | 12921226 |
| composition, acquisition, and distribution of the vi exopolysaccharide-encoding salmonella enterica pathogenicity island spi-7. | vi capsular polysaccharide production is encoded by the viab locus, which has a limited distribution in salmonella enterica serovars. in s. enterica serovar typhi, viab is encoded on a 134-kb pathogenicity island known as spi-7 that is located between partially duplicated trna(pheu) sites. functional and bioinformatic analysis suggests that spi-7 has a mosaic structure and may have evolved as a consequence of several independent insertion events. analysis of viab-associated dna in vi-positive s. ... | 2003 | 12923078 |
| protein content of polyhedral organelles involved in coenzyme b12-dependent degradation of 1,2-propanediol in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. | salmonella enterica forms polyhedral organelles during coenzyme b(12)-dependent growth on 1,2-propanediol (1,2-pd). previously, these organelles were shown to consist of a protein shell partly composed of the pdua protein, the majority of the cell's b(12)-dependent diol dehydratase, and additional unidentified proteins. in this report, the polyhedral organelles involved in b(12)-dependent 1,2-pd degradation by s. enterica were purified by a combination of detergent extraction and differential an ... | 2003 | 12923081 |
| rtsa and rtsb coordinately regulate expression of the invasion and flagellar genes in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium encounters numerous host environments and defense mechanisms during the infection process. the bacterium responds by tightly regulating the expression of virulence genes. we identified two regulatory proteins, termed rtsa and rtsb, which are encoded in an operon located on an island integrated at trna(pheu) in s. enterica serovar typhimurium. rtsa belongs to the arac/xyls family of regulators, and rtsb is a helix-turn-helix dna binding protein. in a random ... | 2003 | 12923082 |
| anthranilate synthase can generate sufficient phosphoribosyl amine for thiamine synthesis in salmonella enterica. | in bacteria, the biosynthetic pathway for the hydroxymethyl pyrimidine moiety of thiamine shares metabolic intermediates with purine biosynthesis. the two pathways branch after the compound aminoimidazole ribotide. past work has shown that the first common metabolite, phosphoribosyl amine (pra), can be generated in the absence of the first enzyme in purine biosynthesis, purf. purf-independent pra synthesis is dependent on both strain background and growth conditions. standard genetic approaches ... | 2003 | 12923085 |
| the sopephi phage integrates into the ssra gene of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium a36 and is closely related to the fels-2 prophage. | salmonella spp. are enteropathogenic gram-negative bacteria that use a large array of virulence factors to colonize the host, manipulate host cells, and resist the host's defense mechanisms. even closely related salmonella strains have different repertoires of virulence factors. bacteriophages contribute substantially to this diversity. there is increasing evidence that the reassortment of virulence factor repertoires by converting phages like the gifsy phages and sopephi may represent an import ... | 2003 | 12923091 |
| thin pilus pilv adhesins of plasmid r64 recognize specific structures of the lipopolysaccharide molecules of recipient cells. | inci1 plasmid r64 encodes a type iv pilus called a thin pilus, which includes pilv adhesins. seven different sequences for the c-terminal segments of pilv adhesins can be produced by shufflon dna rearrangement. the expression of the seven pilv adhesins determines the recipient specificity in liquid matings of plasmid r64. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 was recognized by the pilva' and pilvb' adhesins, while escherichia coli k-12 was recognized by the pilva', pilvc, and pilvc' adhesi ... | 2003 | 12923092 |
| role for salmonella enterica enterobacterial common antigen in bile resistance and virulence. | passage through the digestive tract exposes salmonella enterica to high concentrations of bile salts, powerful detergents that disrupt biological membranes. mutations in the wecd or weca gene, both of which are involved in the synthesis of enterobacterial common antigen (eca), render s. enterica serovar typhimurium sensitive to the bile salt deoxycholate. competitive infectivity analysis of wecd and weca mutants in the mouse model indicates that eca is an important virulence factor for oral infe ... | 2003 | 12923112 |
| dynamics of bacterial growth and distribution within the liver during salmonella infection. | salmonella enterica causes severe systemic diseases in humans and animals and grows intracellularly within discrete tissue foci that become pathological lesions. because of its lifestyle salmonella is a superb model for studying the in vivo dynamics of bacterial distribution. using multicolour fluorescence microscopy in the mouse typhoid model we have studied the interaction between different bacterial populations in the same host as well as the dynamic evolution of foci of infection in relation ... | 2003 | 12925129 |
| competitive exclusion of salmonella from the gut of neonatal and weaned pigs. | our laboratory has developed a bacterial competitive-exclusion (ce) culture against enteropathogens (which are considered human foodborne pathogens) for use in swine. in this article, we document the effects of this ce culture, pcf1, on cecal colonization by and fecal shedding of salmonella choleraesuis in neonatal and weaned pigs and its effects on the horizontal transmission of this pathogen between weaned penmates. piglets treated with the pcf1 culture twice within their first day of life and ... | 2003 | 12929819 |
| sensitization of outer-membrane mutants of salmonella typhimurium and pseudomonas aeruginosa to antimicrobial peptides under high pressure. | high pressure can sensitize gram-negative bacteria to antimicrobial peptides or proteins through the permeabilization of their outer membranes; however, the range of compounds to which sensitivity is induced is species and strain dependent. we studied the role of outer-membrane properties in this sensitization by making use of a series of rough and deep rough mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium that show an increased degree of lipopolysaccharide (lps) truncation, along with pseudo ... | 2003 | 12929820 |
| potential of a plant-parasitic nematode to facilitate internal contamination of tomato plants by salmonella. | the objective of this study was to determine whether tomato plants infested with a plant-parasitic nematode, meloidogne incognita, can internalize salmonella. tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum mill. 'rutgers') were grown in soil infested with m. incognita and/or inoculated with a six-serotype mixture of salmonella enterica. m. incognita, upon wounding roots when parasitizing the tomato plant, does not result in the entry and survival of salmonella. analysis of roots, galls, stems, and leave ... | 2003 | 12929836 |
| spread of bacterial pathogens during preparation of freshly squeezed orange juice. | to study the potential of three bacterial pathogens to cross-contaminate orange juice during extraction, normal operation conditions during juice preparation at food service establishments were simulated. the spread of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes from inoculated oranges to work surfaces and to the final product was determined. the transference of these three bacterial pathogens to orange juice made from uninoculated oranges with t ... | 2003 | 12929844 |
| distribution of virulence genes in salmonella serovars isolated from man & animals. | pathogenesis of salmonellosis depends upon a large number of factors controlled by an array of genes that synergise into the actual virulence of salmonella. a study was undertaken to observe the distribution of three such genes, namely, salmonella enterotoxin (stn), salmonella enteritidis fimbrial (sef and plasmid encoded fimbrial (pef genes, among different serovars of salmonella enterica isolated from man and animals. | 2003 | 12931840 |
| role of toll-like receptor 4 in macrophage activation and tolerance during salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play an important role in the innate immune response, particularly in the initial interaction between the infecting microorganism and phagocytic cells, such as macrophages. we investigated the role of tlr4 during infection of primary murine peritoneal macrophages with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we found that macrophages from the c3h/hej mouse strain, which carries a functionally inactive tlr4 gene, exhibit marked impairment of tumor necrosis factor alpha ... | 2003 | 12933828 |
| unusual interaction of a lipopolysaccharide isolated from burkholderia cepacia with polymyxin b. | we have demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (lps) obtained from burkholderia cepacia, an important opportunistic pathogen, has unique characteristics in both structure and activity. one of the structural characteristics is that the b. cepacia lps has 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (ara4n) in its inner core region. polymyxin b (pmxb) is known to act as an lps antagonist, but lps with ara4n is suggested to be pmxb resistant by decreasing the binding capability of pmxb. interaction of b. cepacia lps ... | 2003 | 12933868 |
| role of periplasmic peptidylprolyl isomerases in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium virulence. | fkpa is a peptidylprolyl isomerase whose expression is regulated by the alternative sigma factor, sigma factor e (sigma(e)). in contrast to the results of a previous report, inactivation of fkpa was found to have only a minor effect on the ability of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to invade and survive within epithelial and macrophage cell lines and cause infection in mice. however, an effect of the fkpa mutation on serovar typhimurium virulence was seen if the mutation was combined wit ... | 2003 | 12933889 |
| the small nucleoid-binding proteins h-ns, hu, and fis affect hila expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | hila encodes an activator of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium virulence genes and is transcriptionally modulated by environmental conditions. we show that h-ns represses hila under low-osmolarity conditions. h-ns, hu, and fis also appear to affect the derepression of hila by hild. modulation of hila by counteracting repressing and derepressing mechanisms may allow salmonella serovar typhimurium to regulate its virulence genes in response to different situations in vivo. | 2003 | 12933899 |
| feedstuffs as a vehicle of cattle exposure to escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica. | feed has been reported as a vehicle for transmission of salmonella enterica in cattle and several lines of evidence suggest that feed can be a vehicle for transmitting escherichia coli o157:h7 as well. to show whether microbial contamination of feeds could contribute to the populations of s. enterica and e. coli o157:h7 on a farm, we compared isolates from feed samples to bovine fecal isolates from the same farm using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). four of 2365 component feed samples ( ... | 2003 | 12935747 |
| molecular analysis of inchi1 antimicrobial resistance plasmids from salmonella serovar typhi strains associated with typhoid fever. | the first outbreak of multidrug-resistant (mdr) typhoid fever in vietnam was in 1993, and by 1995 nearly 90% of cases were mdr. plasmid hcm1, sequenced in full, is an inchi1 plasmid from salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain ct18, isolated in vietnam in 1993. restriction analysis shows that phcm1 shares a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) pattern with plasmids isolated from the first outbreak and 10 of 17 mdr plasmids isolated from sporadic cases occurring at the same time in vi ... | 2003 | 12936967 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of oxa-45, an extended-spectrum class 2d' beta-lactamase in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | as part of the cancer antimicrobial surveillance program in north america, a clinical strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain 07-406, isolated in texas was found to be resistant to all antimicrobials except polymyxin b. genetic analysis of this isolate identified two unique extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes. one, bla(vim-7), encoded a metallo-beta-lactamase (unpublished data), and the other, bla(oxa-45), described here, encoded a class d extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. bla(oxa-45) was is ... | 2003 | 12936985 |
| a new serovar and a new serological variant belonging to salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae. | description of a new serovar (s. iiib 16:k:e,n,x,z15) and a new serological variant (s. iiib 42:z10:e,n,x,z15:z60 ) belonging to the genus salmonella isolated from stool specimens of brazilian snakes (crotalus durissus). | 2003 | 12937762 |
| lateral gene transfer in salmonella. | comparative genomics and microarrays reveal that the genomes of different salmonella enterica serovars are distinguished from each other by the presence or absence of hundreds of genes. the distribution of these variable genome regions is often not clonal. therefore, lateral gene transfer (lgt) plays an important role in diversity among salmonella. overall, almost one quarter of the entire s. enterica sv typhimurium genome may have been introduced by lgt. | 2003 | 12941390 |
| norfloxacin and azithromycin for treatment of nontyphoidal salmonella carriers. | there has been inadequate evaluation of an antibiotic for eradication of nontyphoidal salmonellae (nts) in asymptomatic carriers. in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, such efficacy was evaluated using 2 five-day regimens (norfloxacin, 400 mg twice per day, and azithromycin, 500 mg once per day) compared with placebo. the study included 265 food workers in an area of thailand where nts are endemic who were asymptomatic nts carriers. the presence of nts in stool samples was assessed on days ... | 2003 | 12942401 |
| avoidance of false pcr results with the integron-retron junction in multiple antibiotic resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. | salmonella infections continue to cause gastrointestinal and systemic disease throughout the world. another concern with this pathogen is the ability to acquire integrons that confer resistance to multiple antibiotics. for multiresistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, the most common multiresistant salmonella serotype, an integron structure can be found between thdf and a retron. our objective was to investigate the utility of a 450 bp thdf-retron amplicon as an indicator of an insert ... | 2003 | 12944121 |
| drug resistance genes encoded in integrons and in extra-integrons: their distribution and lateral transfer among pathogenic enterobacteriaceae including enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and infantis. | | 2003 | 12944682 |
| factors associated with the serological prevalence of salmonella enterica in greek finishing swineherds. | blood samples were taken from 50 finishing pigs at 90-105 kg in each of 59 randomly selected farrow-to-finish herds. the sera were tested for antibodies to salmonella enterica by the danish mix-elisa. samples with an optical density of > 10% were considered to be positive. associations between the odds of seropositivity of pigs and possible risk factors were evaluated in multivariable logistic regression models. the results of the analysis indicated that pigs fed non-pelleted dry or wet ration h ... | 2003 | 12948357 |
| molecular epidemiology of salmonella enteritidis phage type 1b and 6a isolates in portugal. | salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis is an important serovar comprising 76 % of salmonella isolates in portugal in 2001. for better understand the epidemiology of salmonellosis, a total of 47 isolates of s. enteritidis phage type (pt) 1b and 6a were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and genomic dna was subjected to macro restriction with xbai. for pt 1b isolates, only three different patterns were observed, and pt6a showed a total of 10 digestion patterns. curiously, the ma ... | 2003 | 12948358 |
| extracellular polysaccharides associated with thin aggregative fimbriae of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) o polysaccharide was identified as the principle factor impeding intercellular formation of intact thin aggregative fimbriae (tafi) in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. the extracellular nucleation-precipitation assembly pathway for these organelles was investigated by quantifying fimbrial formation between deltaagfa (agfa recipient) and deltaagfb (agfa donor) cells harboring mutations in lps (gale::tn10) and/or cellulose (deltabcsa) synthesis. intercellular compl ... | 2003 | 12949092 |
| lactobacillus reuteri crl1098 produces cobalamin. | we found that lactobacillus reuteri crl1098, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from sourdough, is able to produce cobalamin. the sugar-glycerol cofermentation in vitamin b(12)-free medium showed that this strain was able to reduce glycerol through a well-known cobalamin-dependent reaction with the formation of 1,3-propanediol as a final product. the cell extract of l. reuteri corrected the coenzyme b12 requirement of lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis atcc 7830 and allowed the growth of salm ... | 2003 | 12949118 |
| neutral mutations and neutral substitutions in bacterial genomes. | molecular evolutionary biologists usually assess the underlying spectrum of mutations within a bacterial genome by examining substitutions that occur at sites believed to be under no selective constraints. alternatively, bacterial mutation rates can also be estimated in a variety of experimental systems. the two classes of changes occurring in dna sequences-i.e., mutations and neutral substitutions-are, in theory, identical; however, the rates and patterns of mutations in bacteria, as inferred f ... | 2003 | 12949125 |
| enrichment for isolating salmonella choleraesuis and other salmonella spp. from pigs. | the growth of salmonella choleraesuis was examined in rappaport vassiliadis broth (rv) and hajna-tetrathionate broth (htt) at 37 and 42 degrees c. as the enrichment in rv at 37 degrees c was satisfactory for isolating s. choleraesuis, we used this enrichment for isolation from the samples collected from 15 asymptomatic pigs reared on a s. choleraesuis contaminated farm. s. choleraesuis was frequently isolated from six pigs (40.0%) under field conditions. the isolation of other salmonella serovar ... | 2003 | 12951433 |
| toward an international standard for pcr-based detection of food-borne thermotolerant campylobacters: validation in a multicenter collaborative trial. | as part of a european research project, the performance of a pcr assay to detect food-borne thermotolerant campylobacters (campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, and c. lari) was evaluated through an international collaborative trial involving 12 participating laboratories. dna from 10 target and 8 nontarget strains was tested, and the results were reported as the presence of a positive signal after gel electrophoresis. the overall inclusivity (sensitivity) was 93.7%, and the exclusivity (specificity) w ... | 2003 | 12957959 |
| molecular properties of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b distinguish between its systemic and its enteric pathovars. | salmonella enterica serotype o1,4,5,12:hb:1,2, designated according to the current kauffmann-white scheme as s. enterica serotype paratyphi b, is a very diverse serotype with respect to its clinical and microbiological properties. pcr and blot techniques, which identify the presence, polymorphism, and expression of various effector protein genes, help to distinguish between strains with systemic and enteric outcomes of disease. all serotype paratyphi b strains from systemic infections have been ... | 2003 | 12958256 |
| phage-based typing scheme for salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg, a causative agent of food poisonings in canada. | salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg is perhaps the second most frequent salmonella serovar isolated from humans and the most common isolated from animals in canada. this pathogen has shown increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents and mimics the multidrug resistance observed in s. enterica serovar typhimurium strain dt 104. however, unlike for serovar typhimurium, a rapid and inexpensive subtyping method has not been available for large-scale surveillance efforts. we developed a phage typ ... | 2003 | 12958257 |
| discrimination of d-tartrate-fermenting and -nonfermenting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates by genotypic and phenotypic methods. | a multiplex pcr and an improved lead acetate test were developed to discriminate d-tartrate-fermenting and -nonfermenting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains. both methods showed an accuracy of 100% when 125 salmonella strains belonging to 15 serovars were tested. special emphasis was given to s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b isolates because of the clinical importance of its d-tartrate-nonfermenting variant and the recently increasing numbers of cases of human outbreaks c ... | 2003 | 12958259 |
| molecular typing of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from various countries in asia by a multiplex pcr assay on variable-number tandem repeats. | a multiplex pcr method incorporating primers flanking three variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) loci (arbitrarily labeled tr1, tr2, and tr3) in the ct18 strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhi has been developed for molecular typing of s. enterica serovar typhi clinical isolates from several asian countries, including singapore, indonesia, india, bangladesh, malaysia, and nepal. we have demonstrated that the multiplex pcr could be performed on crude cell lysates and that the vntr banding pr ... | 2003 | 12958274 |
| in vivo development of quinolone resistance in salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive phage type 104 was isolated several times from the same patient over a period of 2 years. the strain developed reduced sensitivity to fluoroquinolones, and a mutation in the gyra gene that is associated with reduced sensitivity to quinolones was identified. | 2003 | 12958295 |
| suppression of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis excretion by intraocular vaccination with fimbriae proteins incorporated in liposomes. | liposome-associated fimbriae antigens (sef14 and sef21) were prepared for intraocular immunization to seek protective efficacy for intestinal infection with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. chickens were immunized intraocularly with the antigens at 8 and 10 weeks of age. evidence of an iga and igg responses were found in the intestinal tract and in sera of these chickens. antibody-secreting lymphocytes were detected in the harderian gland of immunized chickens as determined by enzyme-lin ... | 2004 | 12962980 |
| neuromodulation of enteropathogen internalization in peyer's patches from porcine jejunum. | jejunal peyer's patches (jpp) are innervated sites of immune induction and enteropathogen infection. we investigated the role of enteric nerves in modulating pathogen entry into porcine jpp. presumptive norepinephrine (ne)-containing nerve fibers were localized in jpp domes and follicle-associated villi by secondary immunofluorescence histochemistry. ne or the neuronal conduction blocker saxitoxin increased intracellular internalization of pathogenic salmonella choleraesuis and escherichia coli ... | 2003 | 12965256 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility, phage typing and plasmid profile of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a strains isolated in kuwait. | to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, phage type and plasmid profile pattern of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a strains isolated in kuwait. | 2003 | 12966199 |
| phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of polyhydroxy compounds by class a bacterial acid phosphatases. | nonspecific acid phosphatases share a conserved active site with mammalian glucose-6-phosphatases (g6pase). in this work we examined the kinetics of the phosphorylation of glucose and dephosphorylation of glucose-6-phosphate (g6p) catalysed by the acid phosphatases from shigella flexneri (phon-sf) and salmonella enterica (phon-se). phon-sf is able to phosphorylate glucose regiospecifically to g6p, glucose-1-phosphate is not formed. the k(m) for glucose using pyrophosphate (ppi) as a phosphate do ... | 2003 | 12968332 |
| genetic diversity of human isolates of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in malaysia. | the study was undertaken to determine clonal relationship and genetic diversity of the human strains of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated from 1995 to 2002 from different parts of malaysia. | 2003 | 12969291 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and occurrence of resistance genes among salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden from different countries. | this study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among salmonella weltevreden isolates from different sources in south-east asia (indonesia, laos, malaysia, taiwan, thailand, vietnam), australia, denmark, new zealand and the usa. | 2003 | 12972453 |
| acute ulcerative endocarditis with overwhelming septicemia due to salmonella choleraesuis. | | 1953 | 13099950 |
| infection with a variety of salmonella cholerae-suis. | | 1953 | 13119039 |
| global regulation of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium major porin, ompd. | the ompd porin is the most abundant outer membrane protein in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and represents about 1% of total cell protein. unlike the case with the less abundant ompc and ompf porins, the stoichiometry of ompd in the outer membrane does not change in response to changes in osmolarity. the abundance of ompd increases in response to anaerobiosis and decreases in response to low ph, conditions encountered by serovar typhimurium during the infection of its murine host. by c ... | 2003 | 13129964 |
| salmonella choleraesuis osteomyelitis: a report of a case with a review of the literature. | | 1954 | 13149809 |
| salmonella cholerae suis: a clinical and epidemiological evaluation of 329 infections identified between 1940 and 1954 in the new york salmonella center. | | 1954 | 13207112 |
| [salmonella choleraesuis var. kunzendorf as pathogen of primary surgical disease]. | | 1955 | 13257664 |
| [septicemia caused by salmonella choleraesuis]. | | 1955 | 13262999 |
| bronchopneumonia, empyema, pneumothorax and bacteremia due to salmonella choleraesuis (var. kunzendorf) treated with chloramphenicol. | | 1956 | 13372572 |
| human infection salmonella choleraesuis. | | 1957 | 13426606 |
| [pleural localizations caused by salmonella choleraesuis kutzendorf]. | | 1957 | 13467315 |
| [clinical analysis of salmonella choleraesuis infection]. | | 1957 | 13472920 |
| [a preliminary report on salmonella choleraesuis infection in ch'engtu]. | | 1957 | 13472921 |
| necrotic jejunitis due to infection by salmonella cholerae-suis. | | 1957 | 13476963 |
| unilateral renal vein thrombosis in an infant with sepsis due to salmonella choleraesuis; nephrectomy with recovery. | | 1958 | 13502830 |
| [subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by salmonella cholerae suis]. | | 1957 | 13505282 |
| [typhoid fever caused by salmonella cholerae suis]. | | 1957 | 13531420 |
| [a case of septic salmonella cholerae suis kunzendof infection]. | | 1958 | 13604913 |
| [cure of an acute dextrolateral osteomyelltis of the femur caused by salmonella choleraesuis with local application of chloromycetin]. | | 1958 | 13626032 |
| an unusual case of salmonella choleraesuis meningitis: cure following surgical excision of an infected subarachnoid cyst. | | 1959 | 13637575 |
| [hemorrhagic pleuritis caused by salmonella cholerae suis var. kunzendorf]. | | 1959 | 13645020 |
| [abscess of the liver and septicemia due to salmonella cholerae suis in a mountain-dweller of lang-bian. the question of bacterial abscesses of the liver in vietnam]. | | 1960 | 13728728 |
| postextraction acute cellulitis caused by salmonella choleraesuis: report of case. | | 1961 | 13744307 |
| [salmonella cholerae-suis isolated by hemoculture]. | | 1960 | 13841506 |
| fatal septicaemia due to salmonella cholerae suis. | a fatal case of salmonella cholerae suis septicaemia in a patient with mitral stenosis is described. at necropsy infection had become localized in an auricular thrombus. | 1961 | 13864011 |
| [septic endocarditis with hemopurulent gaseous pericarditis caused by salmonella cholerae suis and streptococcus viridans]. | | 1963 | 14089043 |
| production of the generalised shwartzman reaction with salmonella cholerae-suis. | | 1964 | 14212108 |
| primary mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm caused by salmonella choleraesuis. | | 1965 | 14247285 |
| the immunization of mice, calves and pigs against salmonella dublin and salmonella cholerae-suis infections. | | 1965 | 14271921 |
| osteomyelitis of the spine due to salmonella cholerae suis. | | 1955 | 14381455 |
| salmonella choleraesuis septicaemia complicating rheumatic heart disease. | | 1960 | 14403115 |
| infection of an aortic aneurysm with salmonella choleraesuis. | | 1962 | 14450326 |
| factors affecting the activity of phenolic disinfectants. | low challenge phenol coefficient and high challenge use-dilution tests were made on a neutral cocoanut oil soap emulsion of o-phenylphenol and aqueous solutions of sodium o-phenylphenate prepared in the laboratory from the phenol using a stoichiometric amount of naoh as well as with increasing amounts of excess naoh. the phenol had considerably greater activity in both test methods when emulsified with the neutral soap than when converted to the phenate and dissolved in water. use dilution test ... | 1961 | 14482390 |
| a practical approach to evaluation of the germicidal efficiency of a general purpose military disinfectant. | the bactericidal activity of a general purpose disinfectant consisting of 25% sodium-o-phenylphenolate and 75% sodium-4- and 6-chloro-2-phenylphenolate was evaluated by a simulated in-use, surface-square dilution method. common floor (asphalt, rubber, and unglazed tiles) and wall (stainless steel tile, ceramic tile, and painted wood) surfaces of various porosities and compositions were selected to simulate actual-use conditions. the method used consisted of inoculating the surfaces of 1-in. squa ... | 1961 | 14493355 |
| m1 protein triggers a phosphoinositide cascade for group a streptococcus invasion of epithelial cells. | invasion of nonphagocytic cells by bacteria provides a favorable niche for persistence and evasion of host defenses and antibiotics. m protein is a major virulence factor because it promotes high-frequency invasion of epithelial cells by group a streptococcus (gas) and also renders the bacterium resistant to phagocytosis. in this study, we investigated the role of m1 protein from serotype m1 strain 90-226 in regulating mammalian signal transduction and cytoskeletal rearrangement for bacterial en ... | 2003 | 14500504 |
| intracellular adhesion molecule 1 plays a key role in acquired immunity to salmonellosis. | this study investigated the role of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1) during salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection of mice. we show that icam-1 is expressed in and around granulomas on day 4 of infection in wild-type mice. however, when naive icam-1(-/-) mice were challenged with a sublethal dose of serovar typhimurium, there were no detectable differences in systemic bacterial burden over the first 9 days of infection compared to wild-type control mice. when mice were immun ... | 2003 | 14500509 |
| the type ivb pili of salmonella enterica serovar typhi bind to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi expresses type ivb pili. we show that the prepils protein (the soluble precursor form of the structural pilin) interacts with a 15-mer peptide representing the first extracellular domain of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr), a recognized human epithelial cell receptor for serovar typhi (g. b. pier et al., nature 393:79-82, 1998). this indicates that after mediating bacterial self-association (c. morris et al., infect. immun. 71:1141- ... | 2003 | 14500527 |
| differential contribution of toll-like receptors 4 and 2 to the cytokine response to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and staphylococcus aureus in mice. | the contribution of murine toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (tlr2 and -4, respectively) to cytokine induction by heat-killed bacteria was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. gram-negative bacteria induced cytokines primarily via tlr4; the contribution of tlr2 was only minor. neither tlr4 nor, surprisingly, tlr2 was required in the myd88-dependent response to staphylococcus aureus. | 2003 | 14500530 |
| host adaptation of pigeon isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium variant copenhagen phage type 99 is associated with enhanced macrophage cytotoxicity. | phage type 99 of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium variant copenhagen strains isolated from pigeons were examined for the presence of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns obtained with xbai and blni from 38 pigeon strains were compared with those obtained from 89 porcine, poultry, and human strains of variant copenhagen. identical patterns with xbai and four closely related patterns with blni were obtained with the pigeon s ... | 2003 | 14500532 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of recombinant class b non-specific acid phosphatase of salmonella typhimurium. | the apha gene of salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium strain md6001 was cloned in the multicopy plasmid pbluescript sk(-). the recombinant apha protein was purified to homogeneity. the protein crystallized in the orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 112.4, b = 130.2, c = 139.6 a. consistent with the self-rotation function, there are two tetramers in the asymmetric unit, indicating a solvent content of approximately 54%. the crystals are composed of biologically ac ... | 2003 | 14501135 |
| antimicrobial drug resistance in salmonella enterica. | this review addresses the changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella. | 2003 | 14502000 |
| antimicrobial performance of alkaline ionic fluid (gc-100x) and its ability to remove escherichia coli o157:h7 from the surface of tomatoes. | an efficacy test of gc-100x, a noncorrosive alkaline ionic fluid (ph 12) composed of free radicals and supplemented with xylitol, was carried out against six major foodborne pathogens-staphylococcus aureus fri 913, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis atcc 13076, s. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 korean isolate, vibrio parahaemolyticus atcc 17803, escherichia coli o157:h7 atcc 43894, and pseudomonas aeruginosa kctc 1637-at three different temperatures (4, 25, and 36 degrees c) with or wit ... | 2003 | 14503713 |
| evaluation of several modifications of an ecometric technique for assessment of media performance. | recovery of listeria monocytogenes 101m, jonesia denitrificans, salmonellae, and pediococcus sp. nrrl b-2354 across nine media was evaluated with three modified versions of an ecometric method. two approaches involved the use of broth cultures (10(8) to 10(9) cfu/ml) of individual strains and either large (10-microl) or small (1-microl) presterilized plastic loops. the third approach involved precultured slants and the inoculation of media with presterilized plastic inoculating needles (10(4) cf ... | 2003 | 14503736 |
| membrane ruffling and invasion of human and avian cell lines is reduced for aflagellate mutants of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis. | independent studies have demonstrated that flagella are associated with the invasive process of salmonella enterica serotypes, and aflagellate derivatives of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis are attenuated in murine and avian models of infection. one widely held view is that the motility afforded by flagella, probably aided by chemotactic responses, mediates the initial interaction between bacterium and host cell. the adherence and invasion properties of two s. enteritidis wild-type stra ... | 2003 | 14503791 |
| occurrence and regulation of the multicellular morphotype in salmonella serovars important in human disease. | multicellular behavior in salmonella typhimurium atcc14028 called the rdar morphotype is characterized by the expression of the extracellular matrix components cellulose and curli fimbriae. over 90% of s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis strains from human disease, food and animals expressed the rdar morphotype at 28 degrees c. regulation of the rdar morphotype occurred via the response regulator ompr, which activated transcription of csgd required for production of cellulose and curli fimbriae. s ... | 2003 | 14503792 |
| pdup is a coenzyme-a-acylating propionaldehyde dehydrogenase associated with the polyhedral bodies involved in b12-dependent 1,2-propanediol degradation by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. | salmonella enterica forms polyhedral bodies involved in coenzyme-b12-dependent 1,2-propanediol degradation. prior studies showed that these bodies consist of a proteinaceous shell partly composed of the pdua protein, coenzyme-b12-dependent diol dehydratase, and additional unidentified proteins. in this report, we show that the pdup protein is a polyhedral-body-associated coa-acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase important for 1,2-propanediol degradation by s. enterica. a pcr-based method was used to ... | 2003 | 14504694 |