| cloning and molecular characterization of a cdna clone coding for trichomonas vaginalis alpha-actinin and intracellular localization of the protein. | we have identified and sequenced a cdna clone coding for trichomonas vaginalis alpha-actinin. analysis of the obtained sequence revealed that the 2,857-nucleotide-long cdna contained an open reading frame encoding 849 amino acids which showed consistent homology with alpha-actinins of different species. such homology was particularly significant in regions which have been reported to represent the actin-binding and ca2+-binding domains in other alpha-actinins. the deduced protein was also charac ... | 1998 | 9746598 |
| practical guide to diagnosing and treating vaginitis. | bacterial vaginosis (bv), candidiasis, and trichomoniasis account for more than 90% of vaginal infections. bv typically is associated with a decrease in commensal, protective lactobacilli and a proliferation of other flora. mobiluncus is pathognomonic but found in only 20% of cases. presence of 3 of 4 criteria indicates bv: a homogenous noninflammatory discharge (not many wbcs); ph >4.5; clue cells (bacteria attached to borders of epithelial cells, > 20 % of epithelial cells); and a positive whi ... | 1997 | 9746676 |
| a study on the in vitro susceptibility of trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole. | the susceptibility of 32 clinical isolates of trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole has been studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. of 32 patients with vaginal trichomoniasis, 27 (84%) were cured by a standard metronidazole treatment regimen (200 mg thrice daily for seven days). the geometric means of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for these isolates were 2.0 and 0.4 micrograms/ml, respectively; the geometric means of minimum lethal concen ... | 1994 | 9747331 |
| chitinolytic activities in trichomonas vaginalis. | chitinolytic activities were identified in the protozoa trichomonas vaginalis. overall chitinase activity assessed using chitine-azure as substrate was 10.93 +/- 1.21 nmoles/min/mg prot. end nonreducing chitobiosidase (exochitinase) and chitotriosidase (endochitinase) activities were shown using p-nitrophenyl-substrates and had specific activities of 4.55 +/- 0.53 and 0.47 +/- 0.06 nmol/min/mg prot, kmapp. = 1.32 mm and 5 microm and ph optimum = 7.0 and 6.1 respectively. beta-n-acetylhexosaminid ... | 1998 | 9754300 |
| [cytoskeletal actin and its associated proteins. some examples in protista]. | many processes, cell motility being an example, require cells to remodel the actin cytoskeleton in response to both intracellular and extracellular signals. reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton involves the rapid disassembly and reassembly of actin filaments, a phenomenon regulated by the action of particular actin-binding proteins. in recent years, an interest in studying actin regulation in unicellular organisms has arisen. parasitic protozoan are among these organisms and studies of the c ... | 1998 | 9754306 |
| evaluation of vaginal infections in adolescent women: can it be done without a speculum? | given that highly sensitive urine-based nucleic acid amplification tests may eliminate the need for speculum exam to diagnose gonorrhea and chlamydia cervicitis, we sought to determine if vaginal infections could be diagnosed without using a speculum. | 1998 | 9755269 |
| genetic variance of trichomonas vaginalis isolates by southern hybridization. | in the present study, genomic dnas were purified from korean isolates (kt8, kt6, kt-kim and kt-lee) and foreign strains (cdc85, ir78 and nyh 286) of trichomonas vaginalis, and hybridized with a probe based on the repetitive sequence cloned from t. vaginalis to observe the genetic differences. by southern hybridization, all isolates of t. vaginalis except the nyh286 strain had 11 bands. therefore all isolates examined were distinguishable into 3 groups according to their banding patterns; i) kt8, ... | 1998 | 9755593 |
| motile organisms in the epididymis? | | 1998 | 9756322 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: expression and characterisation of recombinant s-adenosylhomocysteinase. | the gene encoding s-adenosylhomocysteinase activity (s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, sahh; ec 3.3.1.1) in trichomonas vaginalis has been expressed in escherichia coli to facilitate the characterisation of the enzyme. expression of this gene using the pqe-30 (6xhis n-terminal tag) expression system (qiagen) has enabled the one-step purification of 6 mg of active recombinant enzyme from a 100-ml bacterial culture by affinity chromatography using a nickel-nta matrix. the recombinant enzyme has a ... | 1998 | 9769247 |
| diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection by pcr using vaginal swab samples. | trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease (std) in the world. a pcr test using vaginal swab samples for the detection of t. vaginalis was developed to add t. vaginalis infection to the growing list of stds that can be detected by dna amplification techniques. a primer set, btub 9/2, was designed to target a well-conserved region in the beta-tubulin genes of t. vaginalis. all strains (15 of 15) of t. vaginalis tested were successfully detected by ... | 1998 | 9774566 |
| [the role of lower genital tract infection in prom]. | the authors conducted a prospective study of the role of lower genital tract infection in ptl and prom in high risk obstetric population with special interest in pathogens colonizing the maternal tract. a total amount of 62 women within 28 to 37 weeks of gestation were enrolled and interviewed. subjects were cultured for gardnerella vaginalis, group b streptococcus, trichomonas vaginalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, bacterioides fragilis, m. hominis, u. urealyticum, chlamydia trachomatis, candida gal ... | 1997 | 9780503 |
| mycoplasma hominis parasitism of trichomonas vaginalis. | | 1998 | 9788469 |
| high expression, purification, and properties of recombinant homocysteine alpha, gamma-lyase. | homocysteine alpha,gamma-lyase from the anaerobic protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis has been cloned from genomic dna using pcr methods and expressed in escherichia coli with a vector containing the t7 promoter. the recombinant homocysteine alpha,gamma-lyase (rhcyase) is expressed as the major protein in the host e. coli cells. the enzyme was purified to approximately 90% purity using heat treatment at 50 degreesc, precipitation steps with polyethyleneimine, polyethylene glycol 8000, and h ... | 1998 | 9790890 |
| isolation and characterization of flagella from trichomonas vaginalis. | as a first step in the biochemical and biomedical analyses of flagella from trichomonas vaginalis the flagella were isolated, purified, and analyzed. the flagella were detached by mechanical shearing and a crude flagellar preparation was obtained by low-speed differential centrifugation. the crude flagellar preparation was subjected to further purification by discontinuous sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. electron micrographs (em) of the purified flagella showed the typical 9 + 2 axonema ... | 1998 | 9797064 |
| heat shock protein 70 family: multiple sequence comparisons, function, and evolution. | the heat shock protein 70 kda sequences (hsp70) are of great importance as molecular chaperones in protein folding and transport. they are abundant under conditions of cellular stress. they are highly conserved in all domains of life: archaea, eubacteria, eukaryotes, and organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts). a multiple alignment of a large collection of these sequences was obtained employing our symmetric-iterative iteralign program (brocchieri and karlin 1998). assessments of conservation ar ... | 1998 | 9797407 |
| evidence for an uncommon alpha-actinin protein in trichomonas vaginalis. | as part of our ongoing project of identification of actin-binding proteins implicated in the cell transition (flagellate to amoeboid/adherent) of trichomonas vaginalis, we have characterized an alpha-actinin-related protein in this parasite. the protein (p100) has a molecular mass of 100 kda and an isoelectric point of 5.5. a monoclonal antibody raised against this protein co-localizes with the actin network. p100 gene transcripts are co-expressed with actin throughout the cell cycle. analysis o ... | 1998 | 9803416 |
| screening for sexually transmitted diseases in rural women in papua new guinea: are who therapeutic algorithms appropriate for case detection? | the presence of a large reservoir of untreated sexually transmitted diseases (stds) in developing countries has prompted a number of suggestions for improving case detection, including the use of clinical algorithms and risk assessments to identify women likely to be infected when they present to clinics for other reasons. we used data from a community-based study of stds to develop and evaluate algorithms for detection of cervical infection with chlamydia trachomatis or neisseria gonorrhoeae, a ... | 1998 | 9803591 |
| cervical cytology in women with bacterial vaginosis. | 398 symptomatic cases of vaginitis and 43 asymptomatic healthy women were subjected to cervical cytology and microbiological investigations for detection of bacterial vaginosis, g. vaginalis, t. vaginalis, c. albicans and m. hominis. cervical inflammatory changes were reported in 81.4% of cases and 60.4% of controls (p < 0.05) and were significantly associated with bacterial vaginosis and g. vaginalis infection (p < 0.01). cervical inflammation was detected in all cases of trichomonasis. | 1998 | 9805847 |
| the sensitivity of a syndromic management approach in detecting sexually transmitted diseases in patients at a public health clinic in cape town. | to evaluate the sensitivity of a syndromic diagnostic procedure in detecting and treating sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and genital tract infections (gtis). | 1998 | 9807192 |
| case report of balantidium coli in human from south of tehran, iran. | a patient with balantidiasis in an urinary bladder is reported. trichomonas vaginalis were identified and no other cause of the haematuria was apparent. this condition didn't common and may be linked to ectopic balantidium in urinary bladder. | 1998 | 9808912 |
| results of clinically downstaging cervical cancer in a cytological screening programme. | the study was aimed at clinically downstaging cancer of the cervix during a cytological screening programme to find out whether such a strategy may help in yielding a large number of early cases of cancer. a cohort of 6,178 women with different cervical lesions were cytologically examined from april 1971 at queen mary's hospital, lucknow, india. the 8,718 asymptomatic women with healthy cervices were taken as controls. the incidence of cervical dysplasia and malignancy in the study group was fou ... | 1998 | 9812227 |
| [the action of an aqueous extract of aloe barbadensis miller in an in-vitro culture of trichomonas vaginalis]. | the antiparasitic action of an aqueous extract of aloe barbadensis miller against and in vitro culture of trichomonas vaginalis was studied for the first time. three strains of this parasite were used for the study. taking an initial concentration of 400 mg/ml of the extract, double serial dilutions were performed, and final concentrations based on the dried weight of the extract were 10.4, 20.8, 41, 83, and 160 mg/ml. within 24 hours, percentages of inhibition greater than 50% were obtained fro ... | 1995 | 9813472 |
| [anti-trichomonas activity of metronidazole in the presence of immunobiological preparations]. | the minimal doses of metronidazole, capable of the irreversible immobilization of trichomonas in the presence of one antiprotozoan preparation and after the addition of recombinant tumor necrosis factor (tnf), recombinant gamma-interferon and complex immunoglobulin preparation (cip) into the culture medium, were determined on 4 t.vaginalis isolates, obtained on day 2 after the inoculation of material from the mucous membrane of the urogenital organs of patients (incubation at 37 degrees c). afte ... | 1998 | 9825505 |
| in vitro anti-trichomonic activity of castela texana. | | 1998 | 9836284 |
| polymerase chain reaction amplification of trichomonas vaginalis dna from papanicolaou-stained smears. | dna from papanicolaou-stained smears was successfully amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to investigate if it could be used for retrospective genome studies, such as for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis. dna was isolated from 20 archival papanicolaou-stained smears (19 cervical and 1 seminal fluid samples) and purified by treatment with proteinase k, phenol/chloroform, and ethanol. the method of recovering dna from the papanicolaou-stained smear is very important in the su ... | 1998 | 9839133 |
| characterization of trichomonas vaginalis ap33 adhesin and cell surface interactive domains. | adherence to host target cells is a critical step in establishing infection with the sexually transmitted pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. four parasite surface proteins mediating attachment to vaginal epithelial cells have been identified. one surface protein, termed ap33, was characterized further to identify domains interactive with previously generated antibodies and with host surface sites. n- and c-terminal deletion subclones were generated and tested for reactivity with both mab and rabbit ... | 1998 | 9846736 |
| evolutionary relationship between translation initiation factor eif-2gamma and selenocysteine-specific elongation factor selb: change of function in translation factors. | eubacterial and eukaryotic translation initiation systems have very little in common, and therefore the evolutionary events that gave rise to these two disparate systems are difficult to ascertain. one common feature is the presence of initiation, elongation, and release factors belonging to a large gtpase superfamily. one of these initiation factors, the gamma subunit of initiation factor 2 (eif-2gamma), is found only in eukaryotes and archaebacteria. we have sequenced eif-2gamma gene fragments ... | 1998 | 9847405 |
| the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase of the protist, trichomonas vaginalis, and the evolutionary relationships of protist phosphofructokinases. | the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (ppi-pfk) of the amitochondriate protist trichomonas vaginalis has been purified. the enzyme is a homotetramer of about 50 kda subunits and is not subject to allosteric regulation. the protein was fragmented and a number of peptides were sequenced. based on this information a pcr product was obtained from t. vaginalis gdna and used to isolate corresponding cdna and gdna clones. southern analysis indicated the presence of five genes. one open readin ... | 1998 | 9847416 |
| [the treatment of vaginal infections with macmiror and macmiror complex]. | the aim of the present study was to examine the therapeutic possibilities of the wide-spectrum medicament macmiror & macmiror complex for the treatment of the vaginal infections. | 1998 | 9859542 |
| cytodiagnosis of discharge per vaginum. | simple, rapid, inexpensive methods such as ph determination, wet mount, koh mount, amine test, gram staining of vaginal discharge were undertaken prior to pap stained smears of 158 patients of leucorrhoea. we were able to detect non-specific vaginitis (44.30%), trichomoniasis (16.45%), candida vaginitis (9.49%), gonococcal vaginitis (0.63%) and senile vaginitis (12 cases). no specific pathology was shown in 26 cases. 1.69% of the cases were of cervical erosion and 3.79% cases suggestive of squam ... | 1998 | 9866899 |
| biological and biochemical modulation of trichomonas vaginalis kt9 isolate after shifting of culture medium from tps-1 into tym. | to evaluate the biological and biochemical characteristics of trichomonas vaginalis kt9 isolate, the growth and size of trichomonads, pathogenicity in mouse, protein profiles and proteinase activity were examined after shifting the medium from tps-1 into tym. generation time of trichomonads in tym medium was 4.5 hr in comparison to tps-1 with 7.1 hr. size of trichomonads cultured in tps-1 medium (8.5 +/- 0.9 x 6.0 +/- 0.9 microns) was significantly smaller than those in tym medium (10.9 +/- 1.4 ... | 1998 | 9868891 |
| degradations of human immunoglobulins and hemoglobin by a 60 kda cysteine proteinase of trichomonas vaginalis. | the present study was undertaken to investigate the role of cysteine proteinase of trichomonas vaginalis in escaping from host defense mechanism. a cysteine proteinase of t. vaginalis was purified by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. optimum ph for the purified proteinase activity was 6.0. the proteinase was inhibited by cysteine and serine proteinase inhibitors such as e-64, nem, iaa, leupeptin, tpck and tlck, and also by hg2+, but not affected by serine-, metallo-, and aspartic prote ... | 1998 | 9868892 |
| efficacy of new 5-nitroimidazoles against metronidazole-susceptible and -resistant giardia, trichomonas, and entamoeba spp. | the efficacies of 12 5-nitroimidazole compounds and 1 previously described lactam-substituted nitroimidazole with antiparasitic activity, synthesized via srn1 and subsequent reactions, were assayed against the protozoan parasites giardia duodenalis, trichomonas vaginalis, and entamoeba histolytica. two metronidazole-sensitive lines and two metronidazole-resistant lines of giardia and one line each of metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant trichomonas were tested. all except one of the compounds ... | 1999 | 9869568 |
| mycoplasma hominis parasitism of trichomonas vaginalis. | | 1998 | 9872279 |
| sexually transmitted organisms in sexually abused children. | to establish the prevalence of sexually transmitted organisms and other genital organisms in potentially sexually abused children. | 1998 | 9875049 |
| growth and survival of trichomonas vaginalis. | this study confirmed that feinberg and whittington medium was suitable for the cultivation and detailed study of the growth cycle of two clinical strains of trichomonas vaginalis under anaerobic conditions. both strains showed a similar growth pattern characterised by early but slow growth, extended duration of the logarithmic phase and limited survival never exceeding 144 h. duration of survival and growth rate were inversely proportional to the inoculum density. growth rate was ph dependent; p ... | 1998 | 9879976 |
| etiology of nongonococcal nonchlamydial urethritis. | the majority of cases of acute nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) are due to causes other than infection with chlamydia trachomatis. pathogens implicated as causes of nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis (ncngu) include mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma urealyticum, trichomonas vaginalis, and primary infection with herpes simplex virus. in a majority of cases of acute ncngu, no pathogen can be isolated. the etiology of chronic ncngu is unknown. | 1998 | 9891672 |
| urethritis treatment. | this article reviews most common sexually transmitted causes of urethritis in men. outlined are clinical presentation, approach, diagnostic work-up, and treatment for the most common pathogens, as well as the cost issues related to antibiotic therapy. common management problems in urethritis are also discussed. | 1998 | 9891673 |
| subsequent sexually transmitted infections among adolescent women with genital infection due to chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, or trichomonas vaginalis. | to identify factors associated with subsequent sexually transmitted infection (sti) (within 1 year of initial infection) due to chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae or trichomonas vaginalis. | 1999 | 9918320 |
| [survey of sexually transmitted diseases in the region of rio cuarto]. | sexually transmitted diseases (std) are acquired mainly through sexual intercourse, being one of the most frequent groups of infectious diseases worldwide and consequently an important public health problem. the aim of this paper was to determine the current state of std and to compare different diagnostic methods in the population studied. a total of 1060 samples from vaginal flows, endocervical material and urethral discharge were studied during 3 years. of the total samples, 583 were positive ... | 1998 | 9922478 |
| [the incidence of microbial and fungal species associated with trichomonas vaginalis infection]. | | 1998 | 9932007 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: signs, tests and treatment. | | 1998 | 9934153 |
| performance of the autopap primary screening system at jefferson university hospital. | to evaluate the performance of the autopap system for primary screening of cervical/vaginal cytologic smears at the 25% no review rate at jefferson university hospital. | 1999 | 9987446 |
| analysis of a ubiquitous promoter element in a primitive eukaryote: early evolution of the initiator element. | typical metazoan core promoter elements, such as tata boxes and inr motifs, have yet to be identified in early-evolving eukaryotes, underscoring the extensive divergence of these organisms. towards the identification of core promoters in protists, we have studied transcription of protein-encoding genes in one of the earliest-diverging lineages of eukaryota, that represented by the parasitic protist trichomonas vaginalis. a highly conserved element, comprised of a motif similar to a metazoan init ... | 1999 | 10022924 |
| validation of a who algorithm with risk assessment for the clinical management of vaginal discharge in mwanza, tanzania. | (i) to determine the microbial aetiologies of vaginal discharge in std clinic and antenatal clinic (anc) attenders; (ii) to evaluate the performance and costs of a new who algorithm for the detection of gonococcal and chlamydial infections in women complaining of vaginal discharge and/or genital itching, using a risk assessment. | 1998 | 10023356 |
| evaluation of sexually transmitted diseases diagnostic algorithms among family planning clients in dar es salaam, tanzania. | to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and to assess the validity of std screening approaches among family planning clients in dar es salaam, tanzania. | 1998 | 10023364 |
| risk scores to detect cervical infections in urban antenatal clinic attenders in mwanza, tanzania. | detection and management of gonococcal and/or chlamydial infections in women is a challenge, particularly in developing countries where laboratory tests are not always available. the world health organisation (who) has developed a risk assessment approach to identify cervical infections among women complaining of vaginal discharge. we have evaluated this approach as a screening strategy among women attending an urban antenatal clinic (anc) in tanzania. | 1998 | 10023365 |
| screening for sexually transmitted diseases in rural south african women. | this paper reports on a study undertaken in a rural area of south africa, to develop a non-laboratory tool to screen for sexually transmitted diseases (stds) among family planning clients. | 1998 | 10023366 |
| nongonococcal urethritis--a new paradigm. | urethritis in men has been categorized historically as gonococcal or nongonococcal (ngu). the major pathogens causing ngu are chlamydia trachomatis and ureaplasma urealyticum. trichomonas vaginalis may be involved occasionally. in up to one-half of cases, an etiologic organism may not be identified. in this review we present recent advances in the diagnosis and management of ngu and discuss how they may be applied in a variety of clinical settings, including specialized std clinics and primary h ... | 1999 | 10028111 |
| an evaluation of elongation factor 1 alpha as a phylogenetic marker for eukaryotes. | elongation factor 1 alpha (ef-1 alpha) is a highly conserved ubiquitous protein involved in translation that has been suggested to have desirable properties for phylogenetic inference. to examine the utility of ef-1 alpha as a phylogenetic marker for eukaryotes, we studied three properties of ef-1 alpha trees: congruency with other phyogenetic markers, the impact of species sampling, and the degree of substitutional saturation occurring between taxa. our analyses indicate that the ef-1 alpha tre ... | 1999 | 10028289 |
| a new photometric assay with bromocresol purple for testing in vitro antitrichomonal activity in aerobic environment. | a new colorimetric assay relying on the acidic metabolism of trichomonas vaginalis was developed for in vitro screening of various compounds against axenically grown trichomonads. parasites from continuous culture were exposed to series of drug dilutions in a microtiter plate. after an incubation period of 48 h at 37 degrees c, the ph indicator of the medium had changed its colour in non-inhibited cultures due to the production of lactate and acetate. inhibited cultures showed no colour changes. ... | 1999 | 10028380 |
| activity of disulfiram (bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide) and ditiocarb (diethyldithiocarbamate) against metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus. | clinical resistance of trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole is best correlated with mic values measured under aerobic conditions. under these conditions both disulfiram (bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide), and its first mammalian metabolite, ditiocarb (diethyldithiocarbamate), showed high levels of activity against metronidazole-sensitive (disulfiram mic, 0.1-0.7 microm; ditiocarb mic, 0.3-9 microm) and -resistant (mics 0.2-1.3 microm and 1.2-9 microm respectively) isolates. tritrichomonas f ... | 1998 | 10052908 |
| unrecognized sexually transmitted infections in rural south african women: a hidden epidemic. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) are of major public health concern in developing countries, not least because they facilitate transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the present article presents estimates of the prevalence, on any given day, of stis among women in rural south africa and the proportion who are asymptomatic, symptomatic but not seeking care, and symptomatic and seeking care. the following data sources from hlabisa district were used: clinical surveillance for st ... | 1999 | 10063657 |
| nmr spectroscopic studies of the hydrogenosomal [2fe-2s] ferredoxin from trichomonas vaginalis: hyperfine-shifted 1h resonances. | the hyperfine-shifted 1h nmr resonances of oxidized and reduced trichomonas vaginalis ferredoxin, a functionally unique [2fe-2s] ferredoxin, have been studied. the oxidized protein spectrum displayed a pattern of six broad upfield-shifted resonances between 13 and 40 ppm with chemical shifts distinct from those of other [2fe-2s] ferredoxins. all hyperfine 1h resonances of the oxidized ferredoxin displayed anti-curie temperature dependences. reduced t. vaginalis ferredoxin displayed hyperfine res ... | 1998 | 10065531 |
| alternative 2-keto acid oxidoreductase activities in trichomonas vaginalis. | we have induced high levels of resistance to metronidazole (1 mm or 170 microg ml(-1)) in two different strains of trichomonas vaginalis (bris/92/stdl/f1623 and bris/92/stdl/b7708) and have used one strain to identify two alternative t. vaginalis 2-keto acid oxidoreductases (kor) both of which are distinct from the already characterised pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfor). unlike the characterised pfor which is severely down-regulated in metronidazole-resistant parasites, both of the alter ... | 1999 | 10080389 |
| syndromic management of sexually transmitted diseases. part 2--the management of genital discharge. | in men urethral discharge is commonly caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis. both organisms cause an acute anterior urethritis and infected men usually present with symptoms of urethritis. a proportion of men with urethral infection may remain asymptomatic. amongst women the common cause of vaginal discharge is vaginitis caused by trichomonas vaginalis, candida albicans and anaerobic bacterial infection (bacterial vaginosis). however, cervicitis caused by n. gonorrhoeae and c ... | 1998 | 10101431 |
| trichomoniasis: its clinical significance and diagnostic challenges. | trichomoniasis is a significant std worldwide. clinical studies have demonstrated that trichomoniasis may have serious side effects both in pregnancy and in a predisposition to retrovirus infection. therefore it is important that clinicians request the most accurate diagnostic test available. this is mandated by the significant percentage of both male and female patients that may be asymptomatic. numerous clinical studies have indicated that the most sensitive test for t. vaginalis is with cultu ... | 1994 | 10163483 |
| comparative sequence analysis of 5.8s rrna genes and internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of trichomonadid protozoa. | the taxonomic situation in the genus tritrichomonas is the subject of controversial discussion: potentially t. foetus and t. suis, the tritrichomonads from cattle and swine, respectively, could belong to the same species. in order to shed some light on this question, a molecular biological analysis was performed. the 5.8s rrna gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacer regions (its1 and its2) of 12 different isolates of 3 tritrichomonas species t. foetus, t. suis and t. mobilensis were en ... | 1997 | 10190167 |
| diagnosis of trichomoniasis by polymerase chain reaction. | the clinical usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis was evaluated in comparison with other conventional tests. pcr was used for specific detection of trichomonas vaginalis by primers based on the repetitive sequence cloned from t. vaginalis (tv-e650). between june 1996 and august 1997, 426 patients visited the department of obstetrics and gynecology, hanyang university kuri hospital and were examined for trichomoniasis using wet mount examination, papan ... | 1999 | 10198607 |
| increased interleukin-10 in the the endocervical secretions of women with non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases: a mechanism for enhanced hiv-1 transmission? | although non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases (std) and bacterial vaginosis are implicated as cofactors in heterosexual hiv-1 transmission, the mechanisms have not been defined. recent in vitro data suggest that interleukin (il)-10 may increase susceptibility of macrophages to hiv-1 infection. therefore, we performed this study to assess whether non-ulcerative std are associated with detection of il-10 in the female genital tract. | 1999 | 10199222 |
| prevalence and incidence of gynecologic disorders among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | our purpose was to ascertain the prevalence, incidence, and predictors of gynecologic disorders among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 1999 | 10203650 |
| urethral trichomonas vaginalis infection and hiv-1 transmission. | the authors' previous study of 504 male workers in mombasa, kenya, provides further documentation of an association between urethral infection and increased shedding of hiv in semen. in this study, trichomonas vaginalis was isolated by culture in 30 men (6%) and was the most commonly isolated urethral pathogen. men with trichomonas vaginalis were significantly older than those with neisseria gonorrhoeae, suggesting infection may be of long duration. 83% of men with unmixed infections were asy ... | 1997 | 10213555 |
| diagnostic tests that are worthwhile for patients with sexually transmitted bacterial infections in industrialized countries. | | 1999 | 10215121 |
| the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis: new advances. | | 1999 | 10215137 |
| influence of growth conditions on rna levels in relation to activity of core metabolic enzymes in the parasitic protists trypanosoma brucei and trichomonas vaginalis. | levels of mrnas encoding metabolic enzymes and their cellular activities were measured on continuous culture samples of the parasitic protists trypanosoma brucei and trichomonas vaginalis. the organisms were grown in chemostats at varying growth rates under glucose limitation or in the presence of excess glucose (eg), resulting in extensive adaptation of the cellular activities of glycolytic enzymes. rrna and mrna for beta-tubulin were monitored as controls. in trypanosoma brucei levels of all r ... | 1999 | 10217510 |
| flagellar duplication and migration during the trichomonas vaginalis cell cycle. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan, a representative of 1 of the earliest known eukaryotic lineages. trichomonas vaginalis lacks centrioles but possesses basal bodies. we report here the cell cycle-dependent flagellar dynamics of t. vaginalis. by immunofluorescence, we found that t. vaginalis flagella duplicated during s-phase, segregated toward the nuclear poles, and then emanated from the spindle poles at mitosis. this behavior strongly parallels that of centrioles and other spin ... | 1999 | 10219296 |
| trichomonads, hydrogenosomes and drug resistance. | trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus are sexually transmitted pathogens of the genito-urinary tract of humans and cattle, respectively. these organisms are amitochondrial anaerobes possessing hydrogenosomes, double membrane-bound organelles involved in catabolic processes extending glycolysis. the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in hydrogenosomes is coupled to atp synthesis and linked to ferredoxin-mediated electron transport. this pathway is responsible for metabolic activation ... | 1999 | 10221623 |
| predictors and risk-taking consequences of drug use among hiv-infected women. | to determine rates of drug use among women with hiv, and to examine associations between drug use, health, risk behavior, and sexually transmitted diseases (std). | 1999 | 10225234 |
| primary structure and phylogenetic relationships of a malate dehydrogenase gene from giardia lamblia. | the lactate and malate dehydrogenases comprise a complex protein superfamily with multiple enzyme homologues found in eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes. in this study we describe the sequence and phylogenetic relationships of a malate dehydrogenase (mdh) gene from the amitochondriate diplomonad protist, giardia lamblia. parsimony, distance, and maximum-likelihood analyses of the mdh protein family solidly position g. lamblia mdh within a eukaryote cytosolic mdh clade, to the exclusion o ... | 1999 | 10229579 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of ureido and thioureido derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose and related aminoalcohols as n-acetyl-beta-d-hexosaminidase inhibitors. | ureido and thioureido derivatives of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucose, 1-amino-1-deoxy-d-glucitol and 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol were prepared as n-acetyl-beta-d-hexosaminidase (nahase) inhibitors and were evaluated on trichomonas vaginalis nahase. although none showed complete inhibition of the enzyme at 100 microm, 1-amino-1-deoxy-d-glucitol derivatives acted as competitive inhibitors of the nahase of t. vaginalis. | 1998 | 10230037 |
| [pathogen spectrum of urethritis in the man]. | 545 male patients with a tentative diagnosis "urethritis" were examined between november 1984 and december 1994 in the department of dermatology and venerology of the military hospital in ulm. the patients, aged from 18 to 58 years (mean age 24.1 years), were examined according to a standardized diagnostic procedure: smear preparations from the urethra with subsequent gram staining, bacterial cultures for aerobic bacteria, neisseria gonorrhoeae (cultures and phadebact gonococcus test), mycoplasm ... | 1999 | 10231688 |
| convergent evolution of trichomonas vaginalis lactate dehydrogenase from malate dehydrogenase. | lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) is present in the amitochondriate parasitic protist trichomonas vaginalis and some but not all other trichomonad species. the derived amino acid sequence of t. vaginalis ldh (tvldh) was found to be more closely related to the cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (mdh) of the same species than to any other ldh. a key difference between the two t. vaginalis sequences was that arg91 of mdh, known to be important in coordinating the c-4 carboxyl of oxalacetate/malate, was repla ... | 1999 | 10339579 |
| trichomonas vaginalis possesses a gene encoding the essential spliceosomal component, prp8. | | 1999 | 10340492 |
| complement-mediated regulation of trichomonas vaginalis infection in mice. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan which causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease of the human genitourinary tract. the importance of the alternative complement pathway in host defence against t. vaginalis was investigated in vitro. kinetic studies utilising immunofixation following electrophoresis showed that both a strongly and weakly virulent strain of t. vaginalis activated murine serum c3. in vivo studies with congenic-resistant, c5-deficient, b10.d2/osn- and c5-s ... | 1999 | 10343161 |
| antibiotics: treatment of preterm labor. | our intention is to review recent data and provide recommendations for the use of antibiotics in cases of preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of the membranes (pprom). various studies assessing antibiotics as treatment for preterm labor demonstrate neonatal or maternal benefits only in certain circumstances. antibiotic treatment should be given to patients with bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas vaginalis. currently, antibiotics should not be applied routinely to prolong pregnancy in wom ... | 1999 | 10343932 |
| urticaria from trichomonas vaginalis infection. | we report the case of a 32-year-old woman who had pruritic urticarial skin lesions associated with episodes of arthralgia. the first site affected by the eruption was the inside surface of the thighs; the patient also reported the presence of leukorrhea. the woman had previously been treated with h1 antagonist with moderate and transitory results; skin lesions reappeared just after the interruption of the treatment. her biochemical data showed increased levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ... | 1999 | 10353101 |
| regiospecific synthesis of pyrido[3,4-b]- and pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole-5,11-dione derivatives. evaluation of their in vitro antifungal or antiprotozoological activities. | hetero diels-alder reactions between 2- or 3-bromocarbazolequinones 1a or 1b and azadiene 5 afford regiospecifically pyrido[3,4-b]- and pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole-3,5,11-triones 6a and 6b. the regiochemistry of the cycloadditions is controlled by the position of the bromine atom at c-2 or c-3 of the bromoquinone. the corresponding n- and o-methyl derivatives 7 and 8 are prepared. structural assignment of the regioisomers is made by 1h-nmr nuclear overhauser effect difference experiments performed on ... | 1999 | 10361697 |
| critical analysis of eukaryotic phylogeny: a case study based on the hsp70 family. | trichomonads, together with diplomonads and microsporidia, emerge at the base of the eukaryotic tree, on the basis of the small subunit rrna phylogeny. however, phylogenies based on protein sequences such as tubulin are markedly different with these protists emerging much later. we have investigated 70 kda heat-shock protein (hsp70), which could be a reliable phylogenetic marker. in eukaryotes, hsp70s are found in cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts). in ... | 1999 | 10361733 |
| delayed versus immediate bedside inoculation of culture media for diagnosis of vaginal trichomonosis. | a comparison of delayed versus immediate inoculation of culture medium for the diagnosis of trichomonosis was conducted. the sensitivities of the two methods were 100 and 97.4%, respectively. delayed inoculation of culture medium for women without evidence of trichomonosis on direct microscopic examination is a valid diagnostic procedure. | 1999 | 10364619 |
| desulfovibrio desulfuricans iron hydrogenase: the structure shows unusual coordination to an active site fe binuclear center. | many microorganisms have the ability to either oxidize molecular hydrogen to generate reducing power or to produce hydrogen in order to remove low-potential electrons. these reactions are catalyzed by two unrelated enzymes: the ni-fe hydrogenases and the fe-only hydrogenases. | 1999 | 10368269 |
| [microflora of the female genitalia and its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs]. | | 1999 | 10382037 |
| pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the nitroimidazole antimicrobials. | metronidazole, the prototype nitroimidazole antimicrobial, was originally introduced to treat trichomonas vaginalis, but is now used for the treatment of anaerobic and protozoal infections. the nitroimidazoles are bactericidal through toxic metabolites which cause dna strand breakage. resistance, both clinical and microbiological, has been described only rarely. metronidazole given orally is absorbed almost completely, with bioavailability > 90% for tablets; absorption is unaffected by infection ... | 1999 | 10384859 |
| investigation of a suspected outbreak of vaginal trichomoniasis among female inmates. | female inmates have high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (stds), and many incarcerated women and jail providers believe stds are acquired within the jail. we investigated a suspected outbreak of trichomoniasis among female inmates and described the epidemiology of trichomonas infection. goals of this study: to determine the likelihood of within-jail acquisition of trichomoniasis. | 1999 | 10417021 |
| adhesion of tritrichomonas foetus to bovine vaginal epithelial cells. | an in vitro culture system of bovine vaginal epithelial cells (bvecs) was developed to study the cytopathogenic effects of tritrichomonas foetus and the role of lipophosphoglycan (lpg)-like cell surface glycoconjugates in adhesion of parasites to host cells. exposure of bvec monolayers to t. foetus resulted in extensive damage of monolayers. host cell disruption was measured quantitatively by a trypan blue exclusion assay and by release of (3)h from [(3)h]thymidine-labeled host cells. results in ... | 1999 | 10417148 |
| iron modulates phenotypic variation and phosphorylation of p270 in double-stranded rna virus-infected trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis infected with a double-stranded rna virus undergoes phenotypic variation on the basis of surface versus cytoplasmic expression of the immunogenic protein p270. examination of batch cultures by flow cytofluorometry with monoclonal antibody (mab) to p270 yields both fluorescent and nonfluorescent trichomonads. greater numbers and intensity of fluorescent organisms with surface p270 reactive with mab were evident in parasites grown in medium depleted of iron. placement of iron ... | 1999 | 10417210 |
| metronidazole-resistant vaginal trichomoniasis--an emerging problem. | | 1999 | 10419394 |
| design of a "microbicide" for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases using "inactive" pharmaceutical excipients. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) pandemic has been driven primarily by the sexual transmission of the virus, and facilitated by prior infections with other sexually transmitted disease (std) pathogens. although treatment of these stds has been proposed as a means to decrease the rate of hiv-1 sexual transmission, preventive measures effective against both hiv-1 and other std pathogens are expected to have a larger impact. these measures include topically applied mechanical and chemical ( ... | 1999 | 10441398 |
| cervical dysplasia and hiv type 1 infection in african pregnant women: a cross sectional study, kigali, rwanda. the pregnancy and hiv study group (ege). | to study the prevalence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils) and their association with hiv-1 infection and immunodeficiency among pregnant women in kigali, rwanda. | 1999 | 10448362 |
| [effect of pathogen-stimulated human cd4+ t cells on gamma delta t cells]. | cd4+ helper t lymphocytes and gamma delta t cells play important role in antimicrobial immunity, however, the mechanism of interactions in question still remains to be elucidated. | 1997 | 10453529 |
| trichomonas vaginalis as a cause of urethritis in malawian men. | trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. in malawi, rates of trichomoniasis in women are high. the prevalence of t. vaginalis infection in men is expected to be high but has not previously been documented. | 1999 | 10458630 |
| trichomonas vaginalis--no longer a minor std. | | 1999 | 10458631 |
| the trichomonas vaginalis phenotypically varying p270 immunogen is highly conserved except for numbers of repeated elements. | the prominent and phenotypically variable immunogenic protein of trichomonas vaginalis, termed p270, is present in all isolates. most, if not all, patients make antibody to the dregrd epitope contained in the 333 bp tandemly repeating element (tre). the complete sequence of p270 of a fresh clinical isolate was recently derived (musatovova and alderete, microb pathogen 1998; 24: 223-39). we hypothesized that the size polymorphisms of p270 were due to the varied number of tres that comprise a larg ... | 1999 | 10458920 |
| keto-acid oxidoreductases in the anaerobic protozoa. | in anaerobes, decarboxylation of pyruvate is executed by the enzyme pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, which donates electrons to ferredoxin. the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and its homologues utilise many alternative substrates in bacterial anaerobes. the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase from anaerobic protozoa, such as giardia duodenalis, trichomonas vaginalis, and entamoeba histolytica have retained this diversity in usage of alternative keto acids for energy production utilising a ... | 1999 | 10461388 |
| universal prophylaxis for chlamydia trachomatis and anaerobic vaginosis in women attending for suction termination of pregnancy: an audit of short-term health gains. | a previous study of infection and morbidity in 400 women attending for termination of pregnancy (top) had shown that 32 (8%) harboured cervical chlamydia trachomatis and 112 (28%) had anaerobic (bacterial) vaginosis (av). fifty-three per cent of the women with preoperative c. trachomatis had av. thirty of the 32 women with chlamydial infection were followed up and 19 (63%) of these developed post-abortion upper genital tract infection, 7 of whom needed re-admission. in view of the high morbidity ... | 1999 | 10471099 |
| trichomoniasis in pregnant human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected congolese women: prevalence, risk factors, and association with low birth weight. | we sought to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for vaginal trichomoniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected pregnant congolese women and its relationship to pregnancy outcomes. | 1999 | 10486480 |
| a one-year survey of gonococcal infection seen in the genitourinary medicine department of a london district general hospital. | the results of a one-year clinical, epidemiological and microbiological survey of gonococcal infection presenting to the patrick clements clinic (pcc), a london district general hospital (dgh) genitourinary medicine (gum) clinic, are presented. clinical and epidemiological patient data were collected by a combination of questionnaire and retrospective case-note review. microscopy performance within the pcc, outcome of treatment, return for tests of cure and efficacy of contact tracing were asses ... | 1999 | 10492425 |
| synthesis and antiprotozoan properties of new 3,5-disubstituted-tetrahydro-2h-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives. | in a search for antiprotozoan compounds, 34 new 3,5-disubstituted-tetrahydro-2h-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives were synthesized and tested in vitro against trypanosoma cruzi and trichomonas vaginalis. some of them showed important antiprotozoan activity. in vivo assays of compounds which showed remarkable in vitro activity against t. vaginalis were carried out. | 1999 | 10514905 |
| identification of trichomonas vaginalis alpha-actinin as the most common immunogen recognized by sera of women exposed to the parasite. | a study on presence of antibodies to trichomonis vaginalis in serum was done on a group of 500 pregnant, asymptomatic angolan women. a serologic screening, done by elisa, revealed that 41% of the women had igg and igm against the parasite. analysis of sera by immunoblotting revealed that 94.4% of sera with anti-t. vaginalis igg class antibodies were reactive against a common immunogenic protein of 115 kda. the common immunogen was identified as the protozoan alpha-actinin. all sera recognizing t ... | 1999 | 10515842 |
| viability of trichomonas vaginalis in transport medium. | the ability of amies gel agar transport medium to maintain the viability of trichomonas vaginalis was determined by comparing transported vaginal specimens to specimens immediately inoculated into culture medium. the prevalence of trichomonosis in the study population was 26% (68 of 260 women). the immediate inoculation method detected infections in 64 of 68 infected women (sensitivity of 94.1%). the transport method detected 62 of 68 infections (sensitivity of 91.2%). there was no significant d ... | 1999 | 10523592 |
| autopap system detection of infections and benign cellular changes: results from primary screener clinical trials. | primary screening devices for cervical cytology must show performance data for the detection of infectious organisms and benign cellular changes (bcc) for cytologists who routinely report these findings. the data on infection and bcc from the autopap primary screening clinical trials are presented herein. the presence of infectious organisms (candida, trichomonas, shift in bacterial flora, herpes, actinomyces) and bcc were noted in each of the clinical trial arms (current practice, cp; autopap-a ... | 1999 | 10527485 |