| the effect of atmospheric humidity on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of leaves of several plant species. | the effect of humidity on the gas exchange of leaves of the dicotyledons soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), jojoba (simmondsia chinensis (l.) schneider), and saltbush (atriplex halimus l.) and the monocotyledons wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) and barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.) was examined under conditions of adequate soil moisture in a controlled environment. photosynthesis a ... | 1977 | 24419571 |
| mechanism for the differential translocation of amiben in plants. | the proportion of the total plant radioactivity present in shoots at the end of a 24-hour exposure of the roots to 0.5 milligram per liter (14)c-3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid ((14)c-amiben) ranged from 1.4 to 74.3% in 13 species. when roots of 10-day-old wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell., triumph) and 13-day-old barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l. beauv.) plants were treated with 0.5 milligram per liter (14)c-amiben for 12 or 24 hours, barnyard grass shoots contained at least eight ... | 1970 | 16657538 |
| uptake and metabolism of 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohol in soil-earthworm (eisenia fetida) and soil-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) systems. | the behavior of 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (10:2 ftoh) in the systems of soil-earthworm (eisenia fetida), soil-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and soil-earthworm-wheat, including degradation in soil, uptake and metabolism in wheat and earthworms were investigated. several perfluorocarboxylic acids (pfcas) as degradation products of 10:2 ftoh were identified in the soil, plant and earthworms. 10:2 ftoh could be biodegraded to perfluorooctanoate (pfoa), perfluorononanate (pfna) and perfluorodecanoate ... | 2017 | 27639617 |
| evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticle toxicity in sludge products applied to agricultural soil using multispecies soil systems. | to study the environmental impact of nanoparticles, the sludges of wastewater (wwts) and water treatment (wts) plants enriched with zno nanoparticles were added to agricultural soil, and the toxic effects of the nanoparticles were studied using a microcosm system based on the soil. the wwts treated soils were characterised by statistically significant decreases (p<0.05) in vicia sativa germination at the lowest (76.2%) and medium (95.2%) application rates, decreases in the fresh biomass for trit ... | 2014 | 25194764 |
| mutual impacts of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and earthworms (eisenia fetida) on the bioavailability of perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) in soil. | wheat and earthworms were exposed individually and together to soils contaminated with 11 perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass). wheat accumulated pfass from soil with root concentration factors and bioconcentration factors that decreased as the number of perfluorinated carbons in the molecule increased. earthworms accumulated pfass from soil with biota-to-soil accumulation factors that increased with the number of carbons. translocation factors (tf) of perfluorinated carboxylates (pfcas) in wheat p ... | 2014 | 24158108 |
| bioaccumulation assessment via an adapted multi-species soil system (ms.3) and its application using cadmium. | this paper presents an experimental design for quantifying the transfer of chemicals at low trophic levels of terrestrial ecosystems. the soil microcosms, ms.3(foodchain) (food chain multi-specie soil system) covered the transfer from soil to earthworms (eisenia fetida) and from soil to plant (triticum aestivum), then to phytophagus (rhopalosiphum padi) and finally predator (chrysoperla carnea) species. cadmium was used as model pollutant. cadmium accumulation in foliar invertebrates was related ... | 2009 | 19237196 |
| effects of earthworm (eisenia fetida) and wheat (triticum aestivum) straw additions on selected properties of petroleum-contaminated soils. | current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contaminants as quickly and efficiently as possible, but not necessarily with postremediation soil biological quality as a primary objective. to test a simple postbioremediation technique, we added earthworms (eisenia fetida) or wheat (triticum aestivum) straw to petroleum land-farm soil and measured biological quality of the soil as responses in plant growth, soil respiration, and oil and grease (o&g) and ... | 2002 | 12152766 |
| bioaccessible mineral content of malted finger millet (eleusine coracana), wheat (triticum aestivum), and barley (hordeum vulgare). | malted grains are extensively used in weaning and geriatric foods. malting generally improves the nutrient content and digestibility of foods. the present investigation examined the influence of malting of finger millet, wheat, and barley on the bioaccessibility of iron, zinc, calcium, copper, and manganese. malting increased the bioaccessibility of iron by >3-fold from the two varieties of finger millet and by >2-fold from wheat, whereas such a beneficial influence was not seen in barley. the b ... | 2010 | 20560601 |
| molecular cytogenetic analysis of wheat - elymus repens introgression lines with resistance to fusarium head blight. | elymus repens (l.) gould (2n = 6x = 42, ststststhh) is a hexaploid perennial wheatgrass species from the tribe triticeae, distantly related to bread wheat triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd). as a potential source of resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb), e. repens was crossed to common wheat to transfer resistance genes. the progeny were advanced to homozygosity by single seed descent. a total of eight bc(1)f(9) progeny lines were selected and characterized in this study. the chromos ... | 2013 | 23379340 |
| summer feeding ecology of great pampa-finches, embernagra platensis at laguna de guaminí, buenos aires, argentina. | the aim of this study was to assemble data on the summer feeding ecology of the great pampa-finch, embernagra platensis at the laguna de guaminí, buenos aires, argentina, and to explore the differences related to the dietary patterns for each sex between winter and summer when possible. the stomach contents of 43 birds were analyzed. the animal fraction was composed of hymenoptera (45.1%), coleoptera (32.4%), lepidoptera (6.0%), araneae (5%) and orthoptera (3.2%). the application of the index of ... | 2010 | 21562695 |
| biofumigant compounds released by field pennycress (thlaspi arvense) seedmeal. | defatted field pennycress (thlaspi arvense l.) seedmeal was found to completely inhibit seedling germination/emergence when added to a sandy loam soil containing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and arugula [eruca vesicaria (l.) cav. subsp. sativa (mill.) thell.] seeds at levels of 1.0% w/w or higher. covering the pots with petri dishes containing the soil-seedmeal mixture decreased germination of both species at the lowest application rate (0.5% w/w), suggesting that the some of the phytotoxins wer ... | 2005 | 15839488 |
| genotyping of somatic hybrids between festuca arundinacea schreb. and triticum aestivum l. | in order to genotype hybrid genomes of distant asymmetric somatic hybrids, we synthesized hybrid calli and plants via peg-mediated protoplast fusion between recipient tall fescue (festuca. arundinacea schreb.) and donor wheat (triticum aestivum l.). seventeen and 25 putative hybrid clones were produced from the fusion combinations i and ii, each with the donor wheat protoplast treated by uv light for 30 s and 1 min, respectively. isozyme and rapd profiles confirmed that ten hybrid clones were ob ... | 2007 | 17594098 |
| effects of polyploidy on photosynthesis. | in polyploid plants the photosynthetic rate per cell is correlated with the amount of dna per cell. the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area is the product of the rate per cell times the number of photosynthetic cells per unit area. therefore, the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area will increase if there is a less than proportional increase in cell volume at higher ploidal levels, or if cell packing is altered to allow more cells per unit leaf area. in autopolyploids (medicago sativa, c3 s ... | 1993 | 24318680 |
| characterization of fructan from mature leaf blades and elongation zones of developing leaf blades of wheat, tall fescue, and timothy. | water-soluble carbohydrate composition of mature (ceased expanding) leaf blades and the elongation zone of developing leaf blades was characterized in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), and timothy (phleum pratense l.). these species were chosen because they differ in mean degree of polymerization (dp) of fructan in the mature leaf blade. our objective was to compare the nature and dp of the fructan. vegetative plants were grown with a 14-hour photoperiod an ... | 1988 | 16666465 |
| the influence of epiphytic bacteriae on auxin metabolism. | plants are settled by epiphytic bacteriae able to convert tryptophan to iaa. this bacterial activity is abolished by chloramphenicol and streptomycin but not by penicillin. tryptophan conversion to iaa by plant parts or enzyme preparations is far more intensive in non-sterile conditions than in sterile ones. this is true for all investigated objects: helianthus annuus, phaseolus vulgaris, pisum sativum, triticum vulgare, zea mays, enteromorpha compressa, fucus vesiculosus, furcellaria fastigiata ... | 1966 | 24557783 |
| effects of two different organic amendments addition to soil on sorption-desorption, leaching, bioavailability of penconazole and the growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | this study investigated the effects of sugarcane bagasse compost (sbc) and chicken manure compost (cmc) on the sorption-desorption, leaching and bioavailability of the fungicide penconazole in soil in a laboratory setting. the autoclave-treated sbc or cmc was applied at 2.5% and 5.0% (w/w). results of batch equilibrium experiments exhibited that the sorption capacity of soils for penconazole was significantly promoted by the addition of sbc or cmc, whereas desorption of penconazole was drastical ... | 2016 | 26683765 |
| field evaluation of intensive compost application on cd fractionation and phytoavailability in a mining-contaminated soil. | a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of chicken manure compost on the fractionation of cadmium (cd), soil biological properties and cd uptake by wheat in a soil affected by mining activities in hubei province, china. compost was applied at five levels (0, 27, 54, 108, 216 t ha(-1)), and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was chosen as an indicator plant. results showed that the application of compost increased soil ph and the content of total phosphorus and organic matter. ... | 2016 | 26661745 |
| fractionation and characterization of histones from barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves : existence of multiple h2a and h2b variants. | histones were extracted from purified nuclei isolated from four cereals,viz. barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat(triticum aestivum), aegilops squarrosa and corn (zea mais), and from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). analysis of the histones on sds gels showed complex electrophoretic patterns with one species of both h3 and h4, one to three species of h1 and two to five species of h2. judged from the electrophoretic patterns, the histones from barley, wheat and aegilops are identical but different from th ... | 1983 | 24318303 |
| inoculating wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with the endophytic bacterium serratia sp. pw7 to reduce pyrene contamination. | this research was conducted to find an optimal inoculation way for a pyrene-degrading endophytic serratia sp. pw7 to colonize wheat for reducing pyrene contamination. three inoculation ways, which are soaking seeds in inocula (ts), dipping roots of seedlings in inocula (tr), and spraying inocula on leaves of seedlings (tl), were used in this study. inoculated seedlings and non-inoculated seedlings (ck) were respectively cultivated in hoagland solutions supplemented with pyrene in a growth chambe ... | 2017 | 28121475 |
| the endophytic bacterium serratia sp. pw7 degrades pyrene in wheat. | this research was conducted to isolate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading (pah-degrading) endophytic bacteria and investigate their potential in protecting plants against pah contamination. pyrene-degrading endophytic bacteria were isolated from plants grown in pah-contaminated soil. among these endophytic bacteria, strain pw7 (serratia sp.) isolated from plantago asiatica was selected to investigate the suppression of pyrene accumulation in triticum aestivum l. in the in vitro tests, str ... | 2017 | 28083742 |
| detection of bacillus and stenotrophomonas species growing in an organic acid and endocrine-disrupting chemical-rich environment of distillery spent wash and its phytotoxicity. | sugarcane molasses-based distillery spent wash (dsw) is well known for its toxicity and complex mixture of various recalcitrant organic pollutants with acidic ph, but the chemical nature of these pollutants is unknown. this study revealed the presence of toxic organic acids (butanedioic acid bis(tms)ester; 2-hydroxysocaproic acid; benzenepropanoic acid, α-[(tms)oxy], tms ester; vanillylpropionic acid, bis(tms)), and other recalcitrant organic pollutants (2-furancarboxylic acid, 5-[[(tms)oxy] met ... | 2017 | 28000121 |
| brevundimonas canariensis sp. nov. isolated from roots of triticum aestivum in lanzarote island. | a bacterial strain designated gtae24t was isolated from a root of wheat growing in a soil from canary islands in spain. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus brevundimonas being its closest relative brevundimonas abyssalis tar.001t with 99.4 % similarity. dna-dna hybridization studies showed an average of 38% between the strain gtae24t and the type strain of b. abyssalis. the isolate is gram-stain negative and motile by polar flagella. oxidase is ... | 2016 | 27959779 |
| effect of plant growth promoting bacteria associated with halophytic weed (psoralea corylifolia l) on germination and seedling growth of wheat under saline conditions. | halotolerant bacteria associated with psoralea corylifolia l., a luxuriantly growing annual weed in salinity-affected semi-arid regions of western maharashtra, india were evaluated for their plant growth-promoting activity in wheat. a total of 79 bacteria associated with different parts viz., root, shoot and nodule endophytes, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and leaf epiphytes, were isolated and grouped based on their habitat. twelve bacteria isolated for their potential in plant growth promotion were ... | 2016 | 27215915 |
| paenibacillus hispanicus sp. nov. isolated from triticum aestivum roots. | a bacterial strain designated amtae16t was isolated from a root of wheat in spain. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus paenibacilluswith its closest relative being paenibacillus daejeonensis ap-20t with 99.0 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity. dna-dna hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % dnadna relatedness between strain amtae16t and the type strain of p. daejeonensis. the isolate was a gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod. cat ... | 2016 | 27503428 |
| engineering the 1bs chromosome arm in wheat to remove the rf (multi) locus restoring male fertility in cytoplasms of aegilops kotschyi, ae. uniaristata and ae. mutica. | by removing the rf (multi) locus from chromosome 1bs of wheat via chromosome engineering we were able to generate a resource for the production of male sterile wheats in three new cytoplasms. cytoplasmic male sterility is an essential component in the development of many hybrid crops. in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) only the cytoplasm of t. timopheevi cytoplasm has been extensively tested even though many other cytoplasms are also known to produce male sterility. among them are the cytoplasms of ... | 2016 | 27325523 |
| the use of image-spectroscopy technology as a diagnostic method for seed health testing and variety identification. | application of rapid and time-efficient health diagnostic and identification technology in the seed industry chain could accelerate required analysis, characteristic description and also ultimately availability of new desired varieties. the aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of multispectral imaging and single kernel near-infrared spectroscopy (sknir) for determination of seed health and variety separation of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and winter triticale (triticosecale wit ... | 2016 | 27010656 |
| phytotoxic potential of young leaves from blepharocalyx salicifolius (kunth) o. berg (myrtaceae). | the loss of leaves by plant species found in the cerrado (brazilian savanna) is an energetically expensive process due to adverse environmental conditions and predation by herbivory. the mature leaves have adaptations which minimize these events. however, the young individuals lack these structures and produce high leaf concentrations of secondary metabolites as a form of protection. these compounds can be used in bioprospection of natural herbicides. thus, this study aimed to evaluate the phyto ... | 2016 | 26959947 |
| exceptionally high levels of genetic diversity in wheat curl mite (acari: eriophyidae) populations from turkey. | recent research on the wheat curl mite species complex has revealed extensive genetic diversity that has distinguished several genetic lineages infesting bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and other cereals worldwide. turkey is the historical region of wheat and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) domestication and diversification. the close relationship between these grasses and the wheat curl mite provoked the question of the genetic diversity of the wheat curl mite in this region. the scope of the st ... | 2015 | 26470350 |
| the plant-growth-promoting bacterium klebsiella sp. sbp-8 confers induced systemic tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum) under salt stress. | plant-growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb) with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylatedeaminase (accd) activity can protect plants from the deleterious effects of abioticstressors. an accd bacterial strain, sbp-8, identified as klebsiella sp., also having other plant-growth-promoting activities, was isolated from sorghum bicolor growing in the desertregion of rajasthan, india. accd activity of sbp-8 was characterized at biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels. the presence of acds, a structural ... | 2015 | 26217911 |
| development of irap- and remap-derived scar markers for marker-assisted selection of the stripe rust resistance gene yr15 derived from wild emmer wheat. | yr15 provides broad resistance to stripe rust, an important wheat disease. remap- and irap-derived co-dominant scar markers were developed and localize yr15 to a 1.2 cm interval. they are reliable across many cultivars. stripe rust [pucinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (pst)] is one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat, found on all continents and in over 60 countries. wild emmer wheat (triticum dicoccoides), which is the tetraploid progenitor of durum wheat, is a valuable source of novel ... | 2015 | 25388968 |
| comparative phosphoproteome analysis of the developing grains in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. | wheat (triticum aestivum), one of the most important cereal crops, is often threatened by drought. in this study, water deficit significantly reduced the height of plants and yield of grains. to explore further the effect of drought stress on the development and yield of grains, we first performed a large scale phosphoproteome analysis of developing grains in wheat. a total of 590 unique phosphopeptides, representing 471 phosphoproteins, were identified under well-watered conditions. motif-x ana ... | 2014 | 25145454 |
| decolorization and degradation mechanism of amaranth by polyporus sp. s133. | polyporus sp. s133 decolorized the amaranth in 72 h (30 mg l(-1)) under static and shaking conditions. liquid medium containing glucose has shown the highest decolorization of amaranth by polyporus sp. s133. when the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of amaranth was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15 % inoculum concentration. significant increase in the enzyme production of laccase (102.2 u l(-1)) was observed over the period of amaranth decolorizati ... | 2014 | 24623464 |
| biodegradation of methyl red by bacillus sp. strain un2: decolorization capacity, metabolites characterization, and enzyme analysis. | azo dyes are recalcitrant and refractory pollutants that constitute a significant menace to the environment. the present study is focused on exploring the capability of bacillus sp. strain un2 for application in methyl red (mr) degradation. effects of physicochemical parameters (ph of medium, temperature, initial concentration of dye, and composition of the medium) were studied in detail. the suitable ph and temperature range for mr degradation by strain un2 were respectively 7.0-9.0 and 30-40 ° ... | 2014 | 24474566 |
| the effect of seed treatment on the main pathogens present in wheat agroecosystems. | wheat crop (triticum aestivum l.) from poaceae family is affected by many diseases that cause yield losses. the present paper addresses a topic of economic, agrotechnics and social importance of wheat crop (occupying the first place among the romanian cultivated crop, feeding 35 to 40% of world population). the study had as main objective product testing like yunta 246 fs (imidacloprid 233 g/l + tebuconazol 13 g/l), team micorriza plus (glomus intraradices 150 spore/g + glomus mosseae 150 spore/ ... | 2014 | 26080483 |
| the hv-sgt1 gene from haynaldia villosa contributes to resistances towards both biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the sgt1 protein is essential for r protein-mediated and pamps-triggered resistance in many plant species. here we reported the isolation and characterization of the hv-sgt1 gene from haynaldiavillosa (2n = 14, vv). analysis of the subcellular location of hv-sgt1 by transient expression of a fusion to gfp indicated its presence in the cytoplasm and nucleus. levels of hv-sgt1 transcripts were increased by inoculation with either the biotrophic pathogen blumeriagraminis dc. f. sp. tritici (bgt) or ... | 2013 | 24019872 |
| use of self-organizing map to analyze images of fungi colonies grown from triticum aestivum seeds disinfected by ozone treatment. | we submitted to ozone treatment triticum aestivum (common wheat) seeds severely contaminated by fungi. fungi colonies developed when seeds were placed over malt agar medium in petri dishes; fusarium sp. and alternaria sp. were identified. however, conventional colonies counting did not allow a clear assessment of the effect of ozone disinfection. we thus used self-organizing maps (soms) to perform an image analysis of colonies surface area that clearly showed a significant disinfection effect on ... | 2012 | 23118753 |
| allelopathic effect of bromus spp. and lolium spp. shoot extracts on some crops. | allelopathy is an untapped resource for weed control in crops that could give good possibilities for environmentally sound, integrated crop production. allelopathy is defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the production of chemical compounds, called allelochemicals, which escape into the environment. allelochemicals can be produced by weeds and affect crops, and the reverse is also true. allelopathic interactions include weed-weed, weed-c ... | 2011 | 22696963 |
| [ecotoxicological effects of oxytetracycline on wheat (triticum aestivum) based on seed germination and seedling development]. | the ecotoxicological effects of oxytetracycline (otc) on the germination of wheat (triticum aestivum) seeds and the early development of wheat seedlings were investigated. the results showed that the elongation of wheat shoots and roots was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by otc, and there was a good dose-response relationship between the otc concentration and inhibition rates. according to the linear regression equation, ec50 of otc for inhibiting wheat shoot and root elongation was 65.5 mg/ ... | 2009 | 19968125 |
| assessment of genes controlling area under disease progress curve (audpc) for stripe rust (p. striiformis f. sp. tritici) in two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) crosses. | genetic effects on controlling stripe rust resistance were determined in two wheat crosses, bakhtawar-92 x frontana (cross 1) and inqilab-91 x fakhre sarhad (cross 2) using area under disease progress curve (audpc) as a measure of stripe rust resistance. the resistant and susceptible genotypes for crosses were identified by initial assessment of 45 wheat accessions for stripe rust resistance. mixed inheritance model was applied to the data analysis of six basic populations p1, f1, p2, b1, b2, an ... | 2009 | 19938644 |
| ecotoxicological effects of typical personal care products on seed germination and seedling development of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | biochemical responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings stressed by two typical personal care products (pcps)--triclosan (tcs) and galaxolide (hhcb)--were experimentally investigated to assess their ecological risks. the results showed that wheat shoot and root elongation was significantly inhibited by 50-250 mg l(-1) tcs and hhcb. wheat roots were sensitive to tcs, while shoots were sensitive to hhcb. the median effect concentration (ec(50)) of tcs and hhcb based on the inhibition of th ... | 2009 | 19631961 |
| is 2,3-butanedione monoxime an effective inhibitor of myosin-based activities in plant cells? | the effectiveness of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (bdm) as an inhibitor of plant myosins has been investigated. three myosin-dependent motility phenomena in plants, namely cytoplasmic streaming in chara corallina, light-dependent chloroplast repositioning in elodea sp., and brefeldin a(bfa)-induced golgi membrane dynamics in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. kite) root-tip cells were investigated. all three processes were inhibited by the sulfhydryl-modifying agent n-ethylmalemide (nem), indicating th ... | 1999 | 18987800 |
| [effects of herbicide acetochlor on physiological mechanisms in wheat and biomarkers identification]. | changes of the activity of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidases (pod) and superoxide dismutases (sod) and the contents of chlorophyll (chl), malondialdehyde (mda), and soluble proteins (sp) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under the stress of acetochlor in soil were examined. the increased mda level detected in the leaves of wheat after 1 day exposure of acetochlor indicated the presence of poisoning aos. however, the difference of mda levels in leaves of different concentrations of acetochl ... | 2007 | 17639951 |
| study on powdery mildew resistance transfer from s. cereale l.cv. weiling rye into wheat. | weiling rye (s. cereale l.cv.), a chinese dwarf rye, confers high powdery mildew (erysiphe gramininis f.sp.tritici) in china. my8443, a wheat cultivars infecting seriously powdery mildew disease, was used as the female parent and weiling rye was used as the donor of powdery mildew resistance in the study. a new wheat-rye translocation line,named no.147,was developed from bc2f6 progenies of wheat cultivars my8443 and weiling rye to transfer the resistance from weiling rye to common wheat. the pow ... | 2007 | 17357447 |
| cereal phosphate transporters associated with the mycorrhizal pathway of phosphate uptake into roots. | a very large number of plant species are capable of forming symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi. the roots of these plants are potentially capable of absorbing p from the soil solution both directly through root epidermis and root hairs, and via the am fungal pathway that delivers p to the root cortex. a large number of phosphate (p) transporters have been identified in plants; tissue expression patterns and kinetic information supports the roles of some of these in the ... | 2005 | 16133217 |
| effects of herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl on physiological mechanisms in wheat (triticum aestivum). | changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidases (pod) and superoxide dismutases (sod) and in the contents of chlorophyll (chl), malondialdehyde (mda), and soluble proteins (sp) in wheat (triticum aestivum) under the stress of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil were examined. chlorimuron-ethyl induced oxidative stress that was indicated by elevated mda content in leaves and roots after a 1-day exposure. the 300-microg/kg chlorimuron-ethyl treatment caused significant damage to chl acc ... | 2006 | 15925408 |
| a shoot-fly atherigona tritici sp. n. (diptera: muscidae), attacking wheat triticum aestivum in egypt. | the two 'forms' of the afrotropical shoot-fly atherigona rubricornis stein are shown to be good species. a neotype is designated for the true a. rubricornis, which is restricted to tropical africa. the other form is described as a. tritici sp. n. it is widespread in tropical africa, but is known also from egypt, where the larvae attack wheat seedlings, israel and yemen. infestation levels of larvae, with maxima between 9% and 32%, indicate that it is a significant pest of wheat seedlings in egyp ... | 2001 | 11587626 |
| nitric oxide induces stomatal closure and enhances the adaptive plant responses against drought stress. | nitric oxide (no) is a very active molecule involved in many and diverse biological pathways where it has proved to be protective against damages provoked by oxidative stress conditions. in this work, we studied the effect of two no donors, sodium nitroprusside (snp) and s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine snp-treated on the response of wheat (triticum aestivum) to water stress conditions. after 2 and 3 h of drought, detached wheat leaves pretreated with 150 microm snp retained up to 15% more water ... | 2001 | 11457969 |
| qtl analysis of fertility-restoration against cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat. | the cytoplasm of triticum timopheevi causes cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in common wheat (t. aestivum) cv. 'chinese spring' (cs), and that of aegilops kotschyi causes cms in spelt wheat (t. spelta) var. duhamelianum (sp). cs has fertility-restoring (rf) genes against the latter cytoplasm and sp has the ones against the former. to know the genetic system concerning to cms, we crossed 66 f8 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross between cs and sp as males to the alloplasmic lines ... | 2001 | 11376549 |
| [influence of root module design on growth and development of plants]. | wheat crop was grown in various root modules (rm) in which nutritional solution was injected through porous membrane (2-6 microns). seeds were laid on the surface of membrane or in pearlite covering the membrane. root modules 1 and 3 contained ceramic porous tubes 10 mm and 22 mm in diameter, respectively. rm 2 was outfitted with a porous titanium plate, rm 4--with a porous ceramic tube (ø 10 mm) buried in pearlite, and rm 5--with a porous titanium plate under the 2.5 cm thick layer of pearlite. ... | 2000 | 11186587 |
| [tissue culture induced translocation conferring powdery mildew resistance between wheat and dasypyrum villosum and its marker-assisted selection]. | glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (got) electrophoretic analyses were performed in 175 regenerants arising from immature embryos of crosses between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and 6d/6v substitution stocks. the got-v2 coding specific enzyme band was absent in two regenerants, designated 98r149 and 98r159 respectively, originated from cross of yi 4095 and 6d/6v substitution stock c.v. rw15. pm21 gene linked scars (sequence characterized amplified regions) analysis indicated that 6vs chromosome ... | 2000 | 11051721 |
| rflp mapping of three new loci for resistance genes to powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) in barley. | three new major, race-specific, resistance genes to powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) were identified in three barley lines, 'rs42-6*o', 'rs137-28*e', and 'hsy-78*a', derived from crosses with wild barley (hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). the resistance gene origining from wild barley in line 'rs42-6*o', showed a recessive mode of inheritance, whereas the other wild barley genes were (semi)-dominant. rflp mapping of these three genes was performed in segregating f2 populations. t ... | 1996 | 24162198 |
| effects of enhanced o3 and co2 enrichment on plant characteristics in wheat and corn. | the effects of co(2) enrichment and o(3) induced stress on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and corn (zea mays l.) were studied in field experiments using open-top chambers to simulate the atmospheric concentrations of these two gases that are predicted to occur during the coming century. the experiments were conducted at beltsville, md, during 1991 (wheat and corn) and 1992 (wheat). crops were grown under charcoal filtered (cf) air or ambient air + 40 nl liter(-1) o(3) (7 h per day, 5 days per week ... | 1996 | 15093517 |
| analysis of the resistance of aegilops squarrosa to the wheatgrass mildew fungus by using the gene-for-gene reationship. | pm10 and pm15, resistance genes to erysiphe graminis f. sp. agropyri, are located on the d genome of common wheat. it was determined whether or not they were carried by existing lines of the d genome donor, aegilops squarrosa, using the gene-for-gene relationship. two lines of ae. squarrosa tested (one was var. meyeri and the other was var. anathera) were susceptible to culture tk-1 of e. graminis f. sp. tritici and were highly resistant to culture ak-1 of e. graminis f. sp. agropyri. the two li ... | 1991 | 24221433 |
| cdna cloning, in vitro transcription and partial sequence analysis of mrnas from winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with induced resistance to erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici. | under normal growth conditions wheat shows 100% non-host resistance to the barley powdery mildew erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei (egh.). primary inoculation of 7-day-old wheat seedlings with this fungus induced partial (60-70%) local resistance to challenge inoculation 12 hours later with the compatible pathogen erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici (egt). mrna was isolated from induced resistant first leaves (13 hours after primary inoculation) and a cdna library was established in lambda zap. diffe ... | 1989 | 24271197 |
| inheritance of partial resistance to powdery mildew in spring wheat. | four spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars exhibiting partial resistance to powdery mildew induced by erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici were crossed to a common susceptible cultivar to study the inheritance of resistance. the genetic parameters contributing to resistance were estimated by generation means analyses. additive gene action was the most important genetic component of variation among generation means in all four crosses. additive by additive effects were significant in one cross ... | 1987 | 24241121 |
| genetic transfer of resistance to powdery mildew and of an associated biochemical marker from aegilops ventricosa to hexaploid wheat. | resistance to powdery mildew, caused by the fungus erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici, has been transferred from aegilops ventricosa (genomes d(v)m(v)) to hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, abd). in two transfer lines, h-93-8 and h-93-35, the resistance gene was linked to a gene encoding protein u-1, whereas one line, h-93-33, was resistant but lacked the molecular marker, and another line, h-93-1, was susceptible but carried the gene for u-1, indicating that the original m(v) chromosome from ae. ... | 1987 | 24241120 |
| descriptions of two new species of tylenchorhynchus cobb, 1913 (nematoda: tylenchida), with details on morphology and variation of t. claytoni. | two new species of plant parasitic nematodes (tylenchorhynchus quaidi n. sp. and t. tritici n. sp.) from pakistan are described and illustrated. tylenchorhynchus quaidi n. sp., from soil around roots of potato (solanum tuberosum) from an experimental field of nnrc, karachi, pakistan, is distinguishable from other species by its peculiar sunken dome-shaped head. although similar to t. goffarti, it differs by head shape, areolation of lateral field, ratios a (23-28 vs. 29-37) and c (11-14 vs. 13-2 ... | 1987 | 19290107 |
| new species of cyst nematode heterodera pakistanensis (nematoda: heteroderidae) attacking wheat in pakistan. | heterodera pakistanensis n. sp., described and illustrated from roots of common wheat (triticum aestivum) from sukkur, sind, pakistan, belongs to the goettingiana group. it is most closely related to h. cyperi golden, rau &cobb, 1962, h. raskii basnet & jayaprakash, 1984, and h. mothi khan &husain, 1965. second-stage juveniles (j2) can be distinguished from h. cyperi j2 by an areolated lateral field with four incisures and shorter stylet, whereas cysts are separated by a more elongated vulva sli ... | 1986 | 19294224 |
| behavioral response of nothanguina phyllobia to selected plant species. | the silver-leaf nightshade nenmtode, nothanguina phyllobia, is a promising biological control agent for its only reported host, solanum elaeagnifolium cav. when infective larvae of n. phyllobia and stem tissue of 39 econmnically important plant species were suspended in 0.5% water agar, nematodes aggregated about s. elaeagnifolium, solanum carolinense l., solanum melongena l., solanum tuberosum l., and prunus caroliniana (mill.) ait. nematodes responded to solanum spp. via positive chemotaxis an ... | 1979 | 19305532 |
| growth of plants in solution culture containing low levels of chromium. | chromium was not required for normal growth of romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa l. subsp. longifolia), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), or bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) in solution culture containing 3.8 x 10(-4) mum cr. plants grown on this purified nutrient solution contained an average of 22 ng cr/g dry weight. duckweed (lemna sp.) grew and reproduced normally on a dilute nutrient solution containing 3.8 x 10(-5) mum cr. | 1973 | 16658503 |
| uncertainty in measurements of the photorespiratory co2 compensation point and its impact on models of leaf photosynthesis. | rates of carbon dioxide assimilation through photosynthesis are readily modeled using the farquhar, von caemmerer, and berry (fvcb) model based on the biochemistry of the initial rubisco-catalyzed reaction of net c3 photosynthesis. as models of co2 assimilation rate are used more broadly for simulating photosynthesis among species and across scales, it is increasingly important that their temperature dependencies are accurately parameterized. a vital component of the fvcb model, the photorespira ... | 2017 | 28382593 |
| artificial macropores attract crop roots and enhance plant productivity on compacted soils. | the structure of compacted soils is characterised by decreased (macro-)porosity, which leads to increased mechanical impedance and decreased fluid transport rates, resulting in reduced root growth and crop productivity. particularly in soils with high mechanical impedance, macropores can be used by roots as pathways of least resistance. this study investigated how different soil physical states relate to whole plant growth and whether roots grow towards spots with favourable soil physical condit ... | 2017 | 27712865 |
| evolution of gene duplication in plants. | ancient duplication events and a high rate of retention of extant pairs of duplicate genes have contributed to an abundance of duplicate genes in plant genomes. these duplicates have contributed to the evolution of novel functions, such as the production of floral structures, induction of disease resistance, and adaptation to stress. additionally, recent whole-genome duplications that have occurred in the lineages of several domesticated crop species, including wheat (triticum aestivum), cotton ... | 2016 | 27288366 |
| terrestrial 3d laser scanning to track the increase in canopy height of both monocot and dicot crop species under field conditions. | plant growth is a good indicator of crop performance and can be measured by different methods and on different spatial and temporal scales. in this study, we measured the canopy height growth of maize (zea mays), soybean (glycine max) and wheat (triticum aestivum) under field conditions by terrestrial laser scanning (tls). we tested the hypotheses whether such measurements are capable to elucidate (1) differences in architecture that exist between genotypes; (2) genotypic differences between can ... | 2016 | 26834822 |
| rational phosphorus application facilitates the sustainability of the wheat/maize/soybean relay strip intercropping system. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.)/maize (zea mays l.)/soybean (glycine max l.) relay strip intercropping (w/m/s) system is commonly used by the smallholders in the southwest of china. however, little known is how to manage phosphorus (p) to enhance p use efficiency of the w/m/s system and to mitigate p leaching that is a major source of pollution. field experiments were carried out in 2011, 2012, and 2013 to test the impact of five p application rates on yield and p use efficiency of the w/m/s system ... | 2015 | 26540207 |
| row ratios of intercropping maize and soybean can affect agronomic efficiency of the system and subsequent wheat. | intercropping is regarded as an important agricultural practice to improve crop production and environmental quality in the regions with intensive agricultural production, e.g., northern china. to optimize agronomic advantage of maize (zea mays l.) and soybean (glycine max l.) intercropping system compared to monoculture of maize, two sequential experiments were conducted. experiment 1 was to screening the optimal cropping system in summer that had the highest yields and economic benefits, and e ... | 2015 | 26061566 |
| gmpgip3 enhanced resistance to both take-all and common root rot diseases in transgenic wheat. | take-all (caused by the fungal pathogen gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, ggt) and common root rot (caused by bipolaris sorokiniana) are devastating root diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). development of resistant wheat cultivars has been a challenge since no resistant wheat accession is available. gmpgip3, one member of polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) family in soybean (glycine max), exhibited inhibition activity against fungal endopolygalacturonases (pgs) in vitro. in th ... | 2015 | 25487419 |
| carbon dioxide emissions as affected by alternative long-term irrigation and tillage management practices in the lower mississippi river valley. | ensuring the sustainability of cultivated soils is an ever-increasing priority for producers in the lower mississippi river valley (lmrv). as groundwater sources become depleted and environmental regulations become more strict, producers will look to alternative management practices that will ensure the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of their production systems. this study was conducted to assess the long-term (>7 years) effects of irrigation (i.e., irrigated and dryland production) and t ... | 2014 | 25371912 |
| oxirapentyns a, b and e from the marine-derived strain of isaria felina kmm 4639 as stimulators of initial stages of development of agricultural plants. | oxirapentyn a (1), oxirapentyn b (2), and oxirapentyn e (3) were examined for their ability to stimulate growth of seedling roots of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench), corn (zea mays l.), soy {glycine max (l.) merr.}, and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). it was shown that the stimulatory effects depend on the chemical structure of the oxirapentyns and on the plant species. compounds 1, and 2 are efficient for growth of seedling roots of barley, and wheat, whereas ... | 2014 | 25115093 |
| alkaloids from marine sponges as stimulators of initial stages of development of agricultural plants. | damirone a (1), damirone b (2), makaluvamine g (3), debromohymenialdisine (4), and dibromoagelaspongin (5) were examined for their ability to stimulate growth of seedling roots of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench), corn (zea mays l.), soy (glycine max (l.) merr.}, and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). it was shown that the stimulatory effects depend on the chemical structure of the alkaloids and on the plant species. compounds 1, 3, and 4 are efficient for growth o ... | 2014 | 24868854 |
| new artificial diet for continuous rearing of the bean pod borer, maruca vitrata. | the bean pod borer, maruca vitrata fabricius (lepidoptera: crambidae), is a serious pantropical pest of grain legumes. a suitable artificial diet is desirable for producing uniform insects for commercial purposes or research. three previously described artificial diets, 1 newly-developed artificial diet, and cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. (fabales: fabaceae)), the natural hostplant of m. vitrata, were used for rearing m. vitrata, and the life parameters were examined. the results indicated ... | 2013 | 24785903 |
| performance of elisa and pcr methods for the determination of allergens in food: an evaluation of six years of proficiency testing for soy (glycine max l.) and wheat gluten (triticum aestivum l.). | for the routine detection of allergens in foods, pcr and/or elisa methods are employed. to assess the suitability of these methods, proficiency tests (pts) could be used as a valuable instrument. it is a common practice to evaluate the results with respect to the experimentally obtained robust mean without considering the actual allergen content. in the present study, an overview is given of the results of allergen pts for the determination of soy and gluten conducted by dienstleistung lebensmit ... | 2013 | 24144233 |
| uv-screening of grasses by plant silica layer? | uv-screening by terrestrial plants is a crucial trait since colonization of terrestrial environments has started. in general, it is enabled by phenolic substances. especially for grasses it remains unclear why plants grown under the absence of uv-b-radiation exhibit nonetheless a high uv-b-screening potential. but this may be explained by the uv-screening effect of the silicon double layer. it was shown for seedlings of soybeans (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that enhanced sil ... | 2013 | 23660676 |
| effects of dietary supplementation with two potassium formate sources on performance of 8- to 22-kg pigs. | dietary inclusion of salts of organic acids may modulate intestinal microbiota and enhance performance of pigs. published data on the effects of potassium formate (kf; ph 6.0-8.5) on pig performance are scarce compared with that of potassium diformate (kdf; ph 4.1-4.5). therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effects of kdf or kf supplementation on performance of 8- to 22-kg pigs. a 35-d growth trial was conducted with 144 pic pigs (initial bw of 7.9 ± 0.69 kg) with 6 pigs (3 gilts and 3 ba ... | 2012 | 23365375 |
| effects of dietary true digestible calcium to phosphorus ratio on growth performance and efficiency of calcium and phosphorus use in growing pigs fed corn and soybean meal-based diets. | objectives of this study were to determine effects of dietary true fecal digestible ca to true digestible p ratio on growth performance and efficiency of ca and p use in growing pigs fed corn (triticum aestivum)-soybean (glycine max) meal (sbm)-based diets. experiment 1 was carried out to measure true fecal digestibility of ca and p as well as the fecal endogenous outputs of these nutrients associated with a corn and sbm-based diet in 12 yorkshire growing pigs with an average initial bw of 23.2 ... | 2012 | 23365347 |
| high-moisture air-tight storage of barley and wheat improves nutrient digestibility. | barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) are often stored dry with 14% or less moisture, which during rainy periods may require that grains are dried after harvest. the hypothesis is that air-tight storage of high-moisture barley and wheat will increase nutrient digestibility due to chemical conversions prior to feeding. the objective was to evaluate the effect of high moisture compared to dry storage of barley and wheat on digestibility of p and cp. the crops were grown on 1 field ... | 2012 | 23365343 |
| effects of formic acid and phytase supplementation on digestibility and use of phosphorus and zinc in growing pigs. | two studies, arranged according to a 4 × 4 latin square design, were conducted to assess effects of dietary acidification on fungal 3-phytase (phy) efficacy in growing pigs. in exp. 1, effects of supplementing 500 units/kg feed of phy and 4.7 g/kg hcooh either alone or in combination on the use of p and zn in growing pigs fed a pelleted diet based on wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), and soybean (glycine max) meal were investigated. in exp. 2 the same dietary treatments were f ... | 2012 | 23365333 |
| digestible energy values of feed ingredients with or without addition of enzymes complex in growing pigs. | the de values and digestible nutrients content of 6 diets were measured in 60-kg male growing pigs fed restricted amount of feed. diets were prepared from 5 ingredients [wheat (triticum aestivum), corn (zea mays), barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat bran, and soybean (glycine max) meal; inclusion levels of ingredients were not correlated] with or without carbohydrose enzyme (rovabio excel ap; 3300 endo-β-1,4-xylanase visco units and 300 endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase units/kg of feed; 150 g/t of feed) acco ... | 2012 | 23365332 |
| comparison of standardized ileal amino acid digestibilities in protein supplements and cereal grains for weaned pigs. | standardized ileal digestibility (sid) of aa in protein ingredients and grains was determined in weaned piglets (5 kg initial bw) using the difference method. animals were fitted with a simple ileal t-cannula on day 24 or 25 of age. a synthetic diet based on corn (zea mays) starch and casein was either supplemented with an extruded soybean (glycine max) meal (esm), rice (oryza sativa) protein concentrate (rpc), full fat heat-treated soybeans (sb), corn, barley (hordeum vulgare), or wheat (tritic ... | 2012 | 23365298 |
| energy efficiency of conventional, organic, and alternative cropping systems for food and fuel at a site in the u.s. midwest. | the prospect of biofuel production on a large scale has focused attention on energy efficiencies associated with different agricultural systems and production goals. we used 17 years of detailed data on agricultural practices and yields to calculate an energy balance for different cropping systems under both food and fuel scenarios. we compared four grain and one forage systems in the u.s. midwest: corn (zea mays) - soybean (glycine max) - wheat (triticum aestivum) rotations managed with (1) con ... | 2010 | 20402534 |
| evaluation of elastic modulus and hardness of crop stalks cell walls by nano-indentation. | agricultural biomaterials such as crop stalks are natural sources of cellulosic fiber and have great potential as reinforced materials in bio-composites. in order to evaluate their potential as materials for reinforcement, the nano-mechanical properties of crop-stalk cell walls, i.e. those of cotton (gossypium herbaceu) stalk, soybean (glycine max) stalk, cassava (manihot esculent) stalk, rice (oryza sativa l.) straw, and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) straw, were investigated by means of nano-ind ... | 2010 | 19954968 |
| metabolism of phenanthrene in cell suspension cultures of wheat and soybean as well as in intact plants of the water mossfontinalis antipyretica: a comparative study. | the metabolism of phenanthrene was studied both in cell suspension cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum) and soybean (glycine max), and in intact plants of the water mossfontinalis antipyretica. metabolism in cell suspension cultures strongly differed between the monocotyle and the dicotyle plant. only small amounts oftrans-phenanthrene-9,10-dihydrodiole and phenanthrene-9,10-dione were detectable in the wheat culture. soybean cultures, in contrast demonstrated a strong turnover resulting in a 7 ... | 1998 | 19005815 |
| impact of glyphosate-tolerant soybean and glufosinate-tolerant corn production on herbicide losses in surface runoff. | residual herbicides used in the production of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr] and corn (zea mays l.) are often detected in surface runoff at concentrations exceeding their maximum contaminant levels (mcl) or health advisory levels (hal). with the advent of transgenic, glyphosate-tolerant soybean and glufosinate-tolerant corn this concern might be reduced by replacing some of the residual herbicides with short half-life, strongly sorbed, contact herbicides. we applied both herbicide types to two ... | 2015 | 18268303 |
| strobilurin fungicides induce changes in photosynthetic gas exchange that do not improve water use efficiency of plants grown under conditions of water stress. | the effects of five strobilurin (beta-methoxyacrylate) fungicides and one triazole fungicide on the physiological parameters of well-watered or water-stressed wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and soya (glycine max merr.) plants were compared. water use efficiency (wue) (the ratio of rate of transpiration, e, to net rate of photosynthesis, a(n)) of well-watered wheat plants was improved slightly by strobilurin fungicides, but was reduced in water-stressed plants, so there ... | 2007 | 17912684 |
| predicting the impact of changing co(2) on crop yields: some thoughts on food. | recent breakthroughs in co(2) fumigation methods using free-air co(2) enrichment (face) technology have prompted comparisons between face experiments and enclosure studies with respect to quantification of the effects of projected atmospheric co(2) concentrations on crop yields. on the basis of one such comparison, it was argued that model projections of future food supply (some of which are based on older enclosure data) may have significantly overestimated the positive effect of elevated co(2) ... | 2007 | 17688578 |
| field evaluation of a model for predicting nitrogen losses from drained lands. | the n simulation model, drainmod-n ii, was field-tested using a 6-yr data set from an artificially drained agricultural site located in eastern north carolina. the test site is on a nearly flat sandy loam soil which is very poorly drained under natural conditions. four experimental plots, planted to a corn (zea mays)-wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-soybean (glycine max.) rotation and managed using conventional and controlled drainage, were used in model testing. water table depth, subsurface draina ... | 2013 | 17071872 |
| diversification in substrate usage by glutathione synthetases from soya bean (glycine max), wheat (triticum aestivum) and maize (zea mays). | unlike animals which accumulate glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine) alone as their major thiol antioxidant, several crops synthesize alternative forms of glutathione by varying the carboxy residue. the molecular basis of this variation is not well understood, but the substrate specificity of the respective gss (glutathione synthetases) has been implicated. to investigate their substrate tolerance, five gs-like cdnas have been cloned from plants that can accumulate alternative forms ... | 2005 | 16008521 |
| uptake and metabolic fate of [14c]-2,4-dichlorophenol and [14c]-2,4-dichloroaniline in wheat (triticum aestivum) and soybean (glycine max). | the uptake and metabolism of [14c]-2,4-dichlorophenol (dcp) and [14c]-2,4-dichloroaniline (dca) were investigated in wheat and soybean. seeds were exposed to a nutrient solution containing 50 microm of one of two radiolabeled compounds, and plant organs were harvested separately after 18 days of growth. in wheat, uptake of [14c]-2,4-dcp was 16.67 +/- 2.65 and 15.50 +/- 2.60% of [14c]-2,4-dca. in soybean, uptake of [14c]-2,4-dcp was significantly higher than [14c]-2,4-dca uptake, 38.39 +/- 2.56 a ... | 2003 | 14705901 |
| earthworm additions affect leachate production and nitrogen losses in typical midwestern agroecosystems. | earthworms affect soil structure and the movement of agrochemicals. yet, there have been few field-scale studies that quantify the effect of earthworms on dissolved nitrogen fluxes in agroecosystems. we investigated the influence of semi-annual earthworm additions on leachate production and quality in different row crop agroecosystems. chisel-till corn (zea mays l.)-soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] rotation (ct) and ridge-till corn-soybean-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) rotation (rt) plots were ar ... | 2013 | 14674535 |
| modeling and control for closed environment plant production systems. | a computer program was developed to study multiple crop production and control in controlled environment plant production systems. the program simulates crop growth and development under nominal and off-nominal environments. time-series crop models for wheat (triticum aestivum), soybean (glycine max), and white potato (solanum tuberosum) are integrated with a model-based predictive controller. the controller evaluates and compensates for effects of environmental disturbances on crop production s ... | 2002 | 12882224 |
| trends in agriculture in the leaseq watersheds, 1975-1995. lake erie agricultural systems for environmental quality. | county-level agricultural statistics were aggregated at the watershed level to provide estimates of trends in land use and agricultural management in the maumee and sandusky river watersheds during the period 1975-1995. average farm size increased by 40% or more, but the number of farms decreased by nearly 40%; the total land area in agriculture also decreased, but only by about 7%. conservation tillage increased from virtually nothing to nearly 50% of cropland in corn (zea mays l.) and soybean ... | 2013 | 11837420 |
| proximate composition of celss crops grown in nasa's biomass production chamber. | edible biomass from four crops of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), four crops of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), four crops of potato (solanum tuberosum l.), and three crops of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) grown in nasa's celss biomass production chamber were analyzed for proximate composition. all plants were grown using recirculating nutrient (hydroponic) film culture with ph and electrical conductivity automatically controlled. temperature and humidity were controlled to near optimal levels for ... | 1996 | 11538813 |
| studies on the constancy of the blue and green fluorescence yield during the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics (kautsky effect). | blue (f450) and green (f530) leaf fluorescence were studied together with the red chlorophyll fluorescence (emission maxima f690 and f735) during light-induced chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics (kautsky effect) in predarkened leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and soybean (glycine max l.). the intensity of the red chlorophyll fluorescence decreased from maximum fluorescence fm to steady-state fluorescence fs, and the fluorescence ratio f690/f735 decreased by about 10% from fm to fs ... | 1993 | 8310130 |
| aspartate aminotransferase in alfalfa root nodules : iii. genotypic and tissue expression of aspartate aminotransferase in alfalfa and other species. | aspartate aminotransferase (aat) plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism in all plants and is particularly important in the assimilation of fixed n derived from the legume-rhizoblum symbiosis. two isozymes of aat (aat-1 and aat-2) occur in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). antibodies against alfalfa nodule aat-2 do not recognize aat-1, and these antibodies were used to study aat-2 expression in different tissues and genotypes of alfalfa and also in other legume and nonlegume species. rocket i ... | 1990 | 16667896 |
| interaction of elevated ultraviolet-b radiation and co(2) on productivity and photosynthetic characteristics in wheat, rice, and soybean. | wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv bannock), rice (oryza sativa l. cv ir-36), and soybean (glycine max [l.] merr cv essex) were grown in a factorial greenhouse experiment to determine if co(2)-induced increases in photosynthesis, biomass, and yield are modified by increases in ultraviolet (uv)-b radiation corresponding to stratospheric ozone depletion. the experimental conditions simulated were: (a) an increase in co(2) concentration from 350 to 650 microliters per liter; (b) an increase in uv-b rad ... | 1990 | 16667735 |
| a novel metabolic form of the 32 kda-d1 protein in the grana-localized reaction center of photosystem ii. | two forms of the 32 kda-d1 reaction center protein of photosystem ii (psii), having slightly different mobilities on denaturing polyacrylamide gels, have been resolved in spirodela oligorrhiza, glycine max l., gossypium hirsutum l., triticum aestivum l., and zea mays l. the protein band with faster mobility is identified as the 32 kda-d1 protein, and the less mobile band as a novel form, designated 32*. the two forms are structurally similar based on immunological and partial proteolytic tests. ... | 1990 | 2203777 |
| molecular characterization of the diurnal/circadian expression of the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins in leaves of tomato and other dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species. | diurnal oscillations of steady-state mrna levels encoding the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins were monitored inlycopersicon esculentum, glycine max, phaseolus vulgaris, p. aureus, p. coccineus, pisum sativum, sinapis alba, hordeum vulgare, triticum aestivum andzea mays. in these plant speciescab mrna accumulation increases and decreases periodically indicating i) that the expression of the genes for chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (cab genes) is controlled by a circadian rhythm, and ii) that t ... | 1989 | 24201838 |
| a role for ethylene in the metabolism of cyanide by higher plants. | the action of ethylene on the capacity of plant tissues to metabolize cyanide to beta-cyanoalanine was examined. beta-cyanoalanine synthase (ec 4.4.1.9) catalyzes the reaction between cyanide and cysteine to form beta-cyanoalanine and hydrogen sulfide. levels of beta-cyanoalanine synthase activity in tissues of 6 day old etiolated pea (pisum sativum) seedlings were enhanced severalfold by 1 microliter per liter ethylene. the promotive effect of ethylene increased with increasing ethylene concent ... | 1989 | 16666701 |
| modeling the impact of ozone x drought interactions on regional crop yields. | the influence of soil moisture stress on crop sensitivity to o3 was evaluated for corn (zea mays l.), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), soybean (glycine max l. merr.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in the united states. this assessment was accomplished by using yield forecasting models to estimate the influence of soil moisture deficits on regional yield and a previously developed model to predict moisture stress x o3 interactions. reduced crop sensitivity to o3 was predicted for those re ... | 1988 | 15092561 |
| a new approach for estimating the phytotoxicity limits. | a pot experiment was carried out on a typic ustipsamment to study the effect of cd concentration on the yield of wheat (triticum aestivum) and soybean (glycine max). cd levels taken were 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μg g(-1) of soil. three different statistical procedures were employed to evaluate the phytotoxicity limits. the non-linear regression technique was found to be more effective in calculating c 0 (threshold concentration) and c 100 (toxic concentration) in comparison to cate and nels ... | 1987 | 24254227 |