| three wrky transcription factors additively repress abscisic acid and gibberellin signaling in aleurone cells. | members of the wrky transcription factor superfamily are essential for the regulation of many plant pathways. functional redundancy due to duplications of wrky transcription factors, however, complicates genetic analysis by allowing single-mutant plants to maintain wild-type phenotypes. our analyses indicate that three group i wrky genes, oswrky24, -53, and -70, act in a partially redundant manner. all three showed characteristics of typical wrky transcription factors: each localized to nuclei a ... | 2015 | 26025535 |
| rice wrky4 acts as a transcriptional activator mediating defense responses toward rhizoctonia solani, the causing agent of rice sheath blight. | wrky transcription factors have been implicated in the regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with various plant processes but most notably with plant defense responses to pathogens. here we demonstrate that expression of rice wrky4 gene (oswrky4) was rapidly and strongly induced upon infection of rhizoctonia solani, the causing agent of rice sheath blight, and exogenous jasmonic acid (ja) and ethylene (et). oswrky4 is localized to the nucleus of plant cells and possesses transcr ... | 2015 | 26275661 |
| monascus purpureus-fermented thai glutinous rice reduces blood and hepatic cholesterol and hepatic steatosis concentrations in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. | red yeast rice (ryr) is a fermented product used as a food supplement to promote blood circulation and lower blood cholesterol levels in eastern asia. interestingly, monacolin k is the most active compound in ryr that proved to inhibit hmg-coa reductase in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. | 2015 | 25880551 |
| screening of rice (oryza sativa l.) ospr1b-interacting factors and their roles in resisting bacterial blight. | pr genes, a type of genetic marker, are constitutively expressed at background levels, while being easily inducible by pathogenic bacteria. by using a yeast two-hybrid technique, four rice (oryza sativa l.) ospr1b-interacting factors were screened. homozygous plants overexpressing ospr1b were prepared by transgenic technology. we postulated that ospr1b may participate in the resistance signaling pathway of rice. of simultaneous treatments with hormones and pathogenic bacteria, exogenously applyi ... | 2015 | 25867332 |
| functional study of a salt-inducible tasr gene in triticum aestivum. | the gene expression chip of a salt-tolerant wheat mutant under salt stress was used to clone a salt-induced gene with unknown functions. this gene was designated as tasr (triticum aestivum salt-response gene) and submitted to genbank under accession number ef580107. quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis showed that gene expression was induced by salt stress. arabidopsis and rice (oryza sativa) plants expressing tasr presented higher salt tolerance than the controls, whereas atsr ... | 2016 | 25855206 |
| rice pcr1 influences grain weight and zn accumulation in grains. | proteins containing a placenta-specific 8 domain (plac8) function as major organ size regulators in solanum lycopersicum and zea may, and putative metal ion transporters in arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa and brassica juncea. however, it is unknown how plac8 domain-containing proteins fulfill such diverse roles. here, we found that plant cadmium resistance 1 (pcr1) influences both zinc (zn) accumulation and grain weight in rice. ospcr1 knockout and knockdown lines produced lighter grains than ... | 2015 | 25854544 |
| genetic variability and evolutionary diversification of membrane abc transporters in plants. | atp-binding cassette proteins have been recognized as playing a crucial role in the regulation of growth and resistance processes in all kingdoms of life. they have been deeply studied in vertebrates because of their role in drug resistance, but much less is known about abc superfamily functions in plants. | 2015 | 25850033 |
| rice cyclophilin oscyp18-2 is translocated to the nucleus by an interaction with skip and enhances drought tolerance in rice and arabidopsis. | cyclophilin 18-2 (cyp18-2) genes, homologues of human peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 1 (ppil1), are conserved across multicellular organisms and schizosaccharomyces pombe. although ppil1 is known to interact with ski-interacting protein (skip), a transcriptional co-regulator and spliceosomal component, there have been no functional analyses of ppil1 homologues in plants. rice cyclophilin 18-2 (oscyp18-2) bound directly to amino acids 56-95 of osskip and its binding was independent of cyclosporin ... | 2015 | 25847193 |
| osnac2 encoding a nac transcription factor that affects plant height through mediating the gibberellic acid pathway in rice. | plant height and flowering time are key agronomic traits affecting yield in rice (oryza sativa). in this study, we investigated the functions in rice growth and development of osnac2, encoding a nac transcription factor in rice. transgenic plants that constitutively expressed osnac2 had shorter internodes, shorter spikelets, and were more insensitive to gibberellic acid (ga(3)). in addition, the levels of gas decreased in osnac2 overexpression plants, compared with the wild-type. moreover, flowe ... | 2015 | 25754802 |
| the rice ck2 kinase regulates trafficking of phosphate transporters in response to phosphate levels. | phosphate transporters (pts) mediate phosphorus uptake and are regulated at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. in one key mechanism of posttranslational regulation, phosphorylation of pts affects their trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to the plasma membrane. however, the kinase(s) mediating pt phosphorylation and the mechanism leading to er retention of phosphorylated pts remain unclear. in this study, we identified a rice (oryza sativa) kinase subunit, ck2β3, which ... | 2015 | 25724641 |
| establishment of monitoring methods for autophagy in rice reveals autophagic recycling of chloroplasts and root plastids during energy limitation. | autophagy is an intracellular process leading to vacuolar or lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components in eukaryotes. establishment of proper methods to monitor autophagy was a key step in uncovering its role in organisms, such as yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae), mammals, and arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), in which chloroplastic proteins were found to be recycled by autophagy. chloroplast recycling has been predicted to function in nutrient remobilization for growing organs or grain ... | 2015 | 25717038 |
| structural requirements of strigolactones for shoot branching inhibition in rice and arabidopsis. | the structural requirements of strigolactones (sls) involved in germination induction of root parasitic plants and hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi have been extensively studied. however, our knowledge of the requirements of sls involved in shoot branching inhibition in plants is still limited. to address this question, we investigated the structure-activity relationships of sls in shoot branching inhibition in rice and arabidopsis. sls possess a four-ring structure, with a ... | 2015 | 25713176 |
| destabilization of interaction between cytokinin signaling intermediates ahp1 and arr4 modulates arabidopsis development. | eukaryotic two-component signaling involves the his-asp-his-asp multistep phosphorelay (msp). in arabidopsis thaliana, cytokinin-mediated msp signaling intermediates include histidine kinases (hks), histidine phosphotransfer proteins (hpts) and response regulators (rrs). the structure-function relationship of interaction between hpt (e.g. ahp1) and rr (e.g. arr4) is poorly understood. using a homology model and yeast two-hybrid analysis, we identified key amino acids of arr4 at the ahp1-δarr4((1 ... | 2015 | 25643735 |
| rice ring e3 ligase may negatively regulate gamma-ray response to mediate the degradation of photosynthesis-related proteins. | in this study, our findings regarding the regulation of ga irradiation-induced osgirp1 in relation to the levels of photosynthesis-related proteins such as osrbcl1 and osrbcs1 and hypersensitive responses of overexpressing plants to gr irradiation provide insight into the molecular functions of osgirp1 as a negative regulator in response to the stress of radiation. the ring (really interesting new gene) finger proteins are known to play crucial roles in various abiotic stresses in plants. here, ... | 2015 | 25600999 |
| transposition of a rice mutator-like element in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | mutator-like transposable elements (mules) are widespread in plants and are well known for their high transposition activity as well as their ability to duplicate and amplify host gene fragments. despite their abundance and importance, few active mules have been identified. in this study, we demonstrated that a rice (oryza sativa) mule, os3378, is capable of excising and reinserting in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae), suggesting that yeast harbors all the host factors for the transposition of m ... | 2015 | 25587002 |
| spt-ada-gcn5-acetyltransferase (saga) complex in plants: genome wide identification, evolutionary conservation and functional determination. | the recruitment of rna polymerase ii on a promoter is assisted by the assembly of basal transcriptional machinery in eukaryotes. the spt-ada-gcn5-acetyltransferase (saga) complex plays an important role in transcription regulation in eukaryotes. however, even in the advent of genome sequencing of various plants, saga complex has been poorly defined for their components and roles in plant development and physiological functions. computational analysis of arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa geno ... | 2015 | 26263547 |
| molecular characterization of tafar1 involved in primary alcohol biosynthesis of cuticular wax in hexaploid wheat. | cuticular waxes are complex mixtures of very long chain (vlc) fatty acids and their derivatives in which primary alcohols are the most abundant components in the leaf surface of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). however, the genes involved in primary alcohol biosynthesis in wheat are still largely unknown. here we identified, via a homology-based approach, the tafar1 gene belonging to the fatty acyl-coa reductases (fars) from wheat. heterologous expression of tafar1 in yeast (saccharomyces ce ... | 2015 | 26220905 |
| the rice high-affinity potassium transporter1;1 is involved in salt tolerance and regulated by an myb-type transcription factor. | sodium transporters play key roles in plant tolerance to salt stress. here, we report that a member of the high-affinity k(+) transporter (hkt) family, oshkt1;1, in rice (oryza sativa 'nipponbare') plays an important role in reducing na(+) accumulation in shoots to cope with salt stress. the oshkt1;1 mutant plants displayed hypersensitivity to salt stress. they contained less na(+) in the phloem sap and accumulated more na(+) in the shoots compared with the wild type. oshkt1;1 was expressed main ... | 2015 | 25991736 |
| expression of the rgmt gene, encoding for a rice metallothionein-like protein in saccharomyces cerevisiae and arabidopsis thaliana. | metallothioneins (mts) are cysteine-rich proteins of low molecular weight with many attributed functions, such as providing protection against metal toxicity, being involved in regulation of metal ions uptake that can impact plant physiology and providing protection against oxidative stress. however, the precise function of the metallothionein-like proteins such as the one coded for rgmt gene isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) is not completely understood. the whole genome analysis of rice (o. ... | 2014 | 25572229 |
| a polarly localized transporter for efficient manganese uptake in rice. | manganese is an essential metal for plant growth. a number of transporters involved in the uptake of manganese from soils, and its translocation to the shoot, have been identified in arabidopsis and rice. however, the transporter responsible for the radial transport of manganese out of root exodermis and endodermis cells and into the root stele remains unknown. here, we show that metal tolerance protein 9 (mtp9), a member of the cation diffusion facilitator family, is a critical player in this p ... | 2015 | 27251715 |
| identification of crown rootless1-regulated genes in rice reveals specific and conserved elements of postembryonic root formation. | in monocotyledons, the root system is mostly composed of postembryonic shoot-borne roots called crown roots. in rice (oryza sativa), auxin promotes crown root initiation via the lob-domain transcription factor (lbd) transcription factor crown rootless1 (crl1); however, the gene regulatory network downstream of crl1 remains largely unknown. we tested crl1 transcriptional activity in yeast and in planta, identified crl1-regulated genes using an inducible gene expression system and a transcriptome ... | 2015 | 25442012 |
| mpic: a mitochondrial protein import components database for plant and non-plant species. | in the 2 billion years since the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to mitochondria, variations in mitochondrial protein import have evolved across different species. with the genomes of an increasing number of plant species sequenced, it is possible to gain novel insights into mitochondrial protein import pathways. we have generated the mitochondrial protein import components (mpic) database (db; http://www.plantenergy.uwa.edu.au/applications/mpic) providing searchable information on the protei ... | 2015 | 25435547 |
| oscycp1;1, a pho80 homologous protein, negatively regulates phosphate starvation signaling in the roots of rice (oryza sativa l.). | phosphorus is one of the most essential and limiting nutrients in all living organisms, thus the organisms have evolved complicated and precise regulatory mechanisms for phosphorus acquisition, storage and homeostasis. in the budding yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, the modification of pho4 by the pho80 and pho85 complex is a core regulation system. however, the existence and possible functions in phosphate signaling of the homologs of the pho80 and pho85 components in plants has yet to be deter ... | 2014 | 25315105 |
| rice suv3 is a bidirectional helicase that binds both dna and rna. | helicases play crucial role in almost all the nucleic acid metabolism including replication, repair, recombination, transcription, translation, ribosome biogenesis and splicing and these processes regulate plant growth and development. it is suggested that helicases play essential roles in stabilizing growth in plants under stress because their presence in the stress-induced orfs has been identified. moreover in a recent study we have reported that suv3 helicase from oryza sativa (ossuv3) functi ... | 2014 | 25311683 |
| the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade mkk1-mpk4 mediates salt signaling in rice. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways have been implicated in signal transduction of both biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. in this study, we found that the transcript of a rice (oryza sativa) mapkk (osmkk1) was markedly increased by salt stress. by examining the survival rate and na(+) content in shoot, we found that osmkk1-knockout (osmkk1) mutant was more sensitive to salt stress than the wild type. osmkk1 activity in the wild-type seedlings and protoplasts was increased by sa ... | 2014 | 25219319 |
| rice serine/threonine kinase 1 is required for the stimulation of osnug2 gtpase activity. | several gtpases are required for ribosome biogenesis and assembly. we recently identified rice (oryza sativa) nuclear/nucleolar gtpase 2 (osnug2), a ylqf/yawg family gtpase, as having a role in pre-60s ribosomal subunit maturation. to investigate the potential factors involved in regulating osnug2 function, yeast two-hybrid screens were performed using osnug2 as bait. rice serine/threonine kinase 1 (osstk1) was identified as a candidate interacting protein. osstk1 appeared to interact with osnug ... | 2014 | 25151129 |
| telomere-centric genome repatterning determines recurring chromosome number reductions during the evolution of eukaryotes. | whole-genome duplication (wgd) is central to the evolution of many eukaryotic genomes, in particular rendering angiosperm (flowering plant) genomes much less stable than those of animals. following repeated duplication/triplication(s), angiosperm chromosome numbers have usually been restored to a narrow range, as one element in a 'diploidization' process that re-establishes diploid heredity. in several angiosperms affected by wgd, we show that chromosome number reduction (cnr) is best explained ... | 2015 | 25138576 |
| bioinformatic indications that copi- and clathrin-based transport systems are not present in chloroplasts: an arabidopsis model. | coated vesicle transport occurs in the cytosol of yeast, mammals and plants. it consists of three different transport systems, the copi, copii and clathrin coated vesicles (ccv), all of which participate in the transfer of proteins and lipids between different cytosolic compartments. there are also indications that chloroplasts have a vesicle transport system. several putative chloroplast-localized proteins, including cpsar1 and cpraba5e with similarities to cytosolic copii transport-related pro ... | 2014 | 25137124 |
| oslol1, a c2c2-type zinc finger protein, interacts with osbzip58 to promote seed germination through the modulation of gibberellin biosynthesis in oryza sativa. | seed germination is a key developmental process in the plant life cycle that is influenced by various environmental cues and phytohormones through gene expression and a series of metabolism pathways. in the present study, we investigated a c2c2-type finger protein, oslol1, which promotes gibberellin (ga) biosynthesis and affects seed germination in oryza sativa (rice). we used oslol1 antisense and sense transgenic lines to explore oslol1 functions. seed germination timing in antisense plants was ... | 2014 | 25353370 |
| a rice abc transporter, osabcc1, reduces arsenic accumulation in the grain. | arsenic (as) is a chronic poison that causes severe skin lesions and cancer. rice (oryza sativa l.) is a major dietary source of as; therefore, reducing as accumulation in the rice grain and thereby diminishing the amount of as that enters the food chain is of critical importance. here, we report that a member of the oryza sativa c-type atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter (osabcc) family, osabcc1, is involved in the detoxification and reduction of as in rice grains. we found that osabcc1 was ... | 2014 | 25331872 |
| molecular identification and interaction assay of the gene (osubc13) encoding a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in rice. | the ubiquitin (ub)-conjugating enzyme, ubc13, has been known to be involved in error-free dna damage tolerance (or post-replication repair) via catalyzing lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains formation together with a ubc variant. however, its functions remain largely unknown in plant species, especially in monocotyledons. in this study, we cloned a ub-conjugating enzyme, osubc13, that shares the conserved domain of ubc with atubc13b in oryza sativa l., which encodes a protein of 153 amino acids; t ... | 2014 | 25001222 |
| the auxin response factor, osarf19, controls rice leaf angles through positively regulating osgh3-5 and osbri1. | auxin and brassinosteroid (br) are important phytohormones for controlling lamina inclination implicated in plant architecture and grain yield. but the molecular mechanism of auxin and br crosstalk for regulating lamina inclination remains unknown. auxin response factors (arfs) control various aspects of plant growth and development. we here report that osarf19-overexpression rice lines show an enlarged lamina inclination due to increase of its adaxial cell division. osarf19 is expressed in vari ... | 2015 | 24995795 |
| osnap connects abscisic acid and leaf senescence by fine-tuning abscisic acid biosynthesis and directly targeting senescence-associated genes in rice. | it has long been established that premature leaf senescence negatively impacts the yield stability of rice, but the underlying molecular mechanism driving this relationship remains largely unknown. here, we identified a dominant premature leaf senescence mutant, prematurely senile 1 (ps1-d). ps1 encodes a plant-specific nac (no apical meristem, arabidopsis ataf1/2, and cup-shaped cotyledon2) transcriptional activator, oryza sativa nac-like, activated by apetala3/pistillata (osnap). overexpressio ... | 2014 | 24951508 |
| lcwrky5: an unknown function gene from sheepgrass improves drought tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis. | the expression of lcwrky5 was induced significantly by salinity, mannitol and cutting treatments. arabidopsis- overexpressing lcwrky5 greatly increased dehydration tolerance by regulating the expression of multiple stress-responsive genes. based on the data of sheepgrass 454 high-throughout sequencing and expression analysis results, a drought-induced gene lcwrky5 was isolated and cloned, and the biological role of the gene has not been reported until now. bioinformatics analysis showed that lcw ... | 2014 | 24913125 |
| rice spx1 and spx2 inhibit phosphate starvation responses through interacting with phr2 in a phosphate-dependent manner. | in plants, sensing the levels of external and internal nutrients is essential for reprogramming the transcriptome and adapting to the fluctuating environment. phosphate (pi) is a key plant nutrient, and a large proportion of pi starvation-responsive genes are under the control of phosphate starvation response regulator 1 (phr1) in arabidopsis (atphr1) and its homologs, such as oryza sativa (os)phr2 in rice. atphr1 and osphr2 expression is not very responsive to pi starvation, raising the questio ... | 2014 | 25271318 |
| suppression of osrad51d results in defects in reproductive development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the cellular roles of rad51 paralogs in somatic and reproductive growth have been extensively described in a wide range of animal systems and, to a lesser extent, in arabidopsis, a dicot model plant. here, the osrad51d gene was identified and characterized in rice (oryza sativa l.), a monocot model crop. in the rice genome, three alternative osrad51d mrna splicing variants, osrad51d.1, osrad51d.2, and osrad51d.3, were predicted. yeast two-hybrid studies, however, showed that only osrad51d.1 inte ... | 2014 | 24840804 |
| identification and functional assay of the interaction motifs in the partner protein osnar2.1 of the two-component system for high-affinity nitrate transport. | a partner protein, nar2, is essential for high-affinity nitrate transport of the nrt2 protein in plants. however, the nar2 motifs that interact with nrt2s for their plasma membrane (pm) localization and nitrate transporter activity have not been functionally characterized. in this study, osnar2.1 mutations with different carbon (c)-terminal deletions and nine different point mutations in the conserved regions of nar2 homologs in plants were generated to explore the essential motifs involved in t ... | 2014 | 25103875 |
| ossli1, a homeodomain containing transcription activator, involves abscisic acid related stress response in rice (oryza sativa l.). | homeodomain-leucine zipper type i (hd-zip i) proteins are involved in the regulation of plant development and response to environmental stresses. in this study, ossli1 (oryza sativa stress largely induced 1), encoding a member of the hd-zip i subfamily, was isolated from rice. the expression of ossli1 was dramatically induced by multiple abiotic stresses and exogenous abscisic acid (aba). in silico sequence analysis discovered several cis-acting elements including multiple abres (aba-responsive ... | 2014 | 25089296 |
| divergence of the expression and subcellular localization of ccr4-associated factor 1 (caf1) deadenylase proteins in oryza sativa. | deadenylation, also called poly(a) tail shortening, is the first, rate-limiting step in the general cytoplasmic mrna degradation in eukaryotic cells. the ccr4-not complex, containing the two key components carbon catabolite repressor 4 (ccr4) and ccr4-associated factor 1 (caf1), is a major player in deadenylation. caf1 belongs to the rnase d group in the dedd superfamily, and is a protein conserved through evolution from yeast to humans and plants. every higher plant, including arabidopsis and r ... | 2014 | 24805883 |
| osabcb14 functions in auxin transport and iron homeostasis in rice (oryza sativa l.). | members of the atp binding cassette b/multidrug-resistance/p-glyco-protein (abcb/mdr/pgp) subfamily were shown to function primarily in oryza sativa (rice) auxin transport; however, none of the rice abcb transporters have been functionally characterized. here, we describe that a knock-down of osabcb14 confers decreased auxin concentrations and polar auxin transport rates, conferring insensitivity to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and indole-3-acetic acid (iaa). osabcb14 displays enhanced ... | 2014 | 24798203 |
| global protein-protein interaction network of rice sheath blight pathogen. | rhizoctonia solani is the major pathogenic fungi of rice sheath blight. it is responsible for the most serious disease of rice (oryza sativa l.) and causes significant yield losses in rice-growing countries. identifying the protein-protein interaction (ppi) maps of r. solani can provide insights into the potential pathogenic mechanisms and assign putative functions to unknown genes. here, we exploited a ppi map of r. solani anastomosis group 1 ia (ag-1 ia) based on the interolog and domain-domai ... | 2014 | 24894516 |
| functional analyses of a putative plasma membrane na+/h+ antiporter gene isolated from salt tolerant helianthus tuberosus. | jerusalem artichokes (helianthus tuberosus l.) can tolerate relatively higher salinity, drought and heat stress. in this paper, we report the cloning of a salt overly sensitive 1 (sos1) gene encoding a plasma membrane na(+)/h(+) antiporter from a highly salt-tolerant genotype of h. tuberosus, ny1, named htsos1 and characterization of its function in yeast and rice. the amino acid sequence of htsos1 showed 83.4% identity with the previously isolated sos1 gene from the chrysanthemum crassum. the m ... | 2014 | 24771143 |
| cytochrome p450 cyp81a12 and cyp81a21 are associated with resistance to two acetolactate synthase inhibitors in echinochloa phyllopogon. | previous studies have demonstrated multiple herbicide resistance in california populations of echinochloa phyllopogon, a noxious weed in rice (oryza sativa) fields. it was suggested that the resistance to two classes of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides, bensulfuron-methyl (bsm) and penoxsulam (px), may be caused by enhanced activities of herbicide-metabolizing cytochrome p450. we investigated bsm metabolism in the resistant (r) and susceptible (s) lines of e. phyllopogon, which were o ... | 2014 | 24760819 |
| characterization of oslct1, a cadmium transporter from indica rice (oryza sativa). | molecular understanding of cadmium (cd) transport in indica rice (oryza sativa) is still insufficient, although indica rice generally has a potential to accumulate higher cd in shoots and grains than japonica rice. we have previously demonstrated that oslct1 is a cd transporter gene responsible for grain cd accumulation in the japonica model cultivar nipponbare. in this study, we isolated oslct1 cdna from kasalath, a model indica (aus subgroup) cultivar and conducted cation transport activity as ... | 2014 | 24627964 |
| the rice f-box protein kiss me deadly2 functions as a negative regulator of cytokinin signalling. | cytokinins are plant hormones that play critical roles in growth and development. we recently determined that the transcriptional response to cytokinin of arabidopsis is modulated by the kiss me deadly (kmd) family of f-box proteins. here we demonstrate a conserved function for a member of the rice kmd family. ectopic overexpression of oskmd2 in arabidopsis results in decreased cytokinin sensitivity based on a hypocotyl growth response assay, the decrease in sensitivity correlating with a decrea ... | 2013 | 24675172 |
| osnip3;1, a rice boric acid channel, regulates boron distribution and is essential for growth under boron-deficient conditions. | boron is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. boron deficiency is an important agricultural issue because it results in loss of yield quality and/or quantity in cereals and other crops. to understand boron transport mechanisms in cereals, we characterized osnip3;1, a member of the major intrinsic protein family in rice (oryza sativa l.), because osnip3;1 is the most similar rice gene to the arabidopsis thaliana boric acid channel genes atnip5;1 and atnip6;1. yeast cells expressing osnip ... | 2014 | 24654769 |
| osalba1, a dehydration-responsive nuclear protein of rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica), participates in stress adaptation. | alba proteins have exhibited great functional plasticity through the course of evolution and constitute a superfamily that spans across three domains of life. earlier, we had developed the dehydration-responsive nuclear proteome of an indica rice cultivar, screening of which led to the identification of an alba protein. here we describe, for the first time, the complete sequence of the candidate gene osalba1, its genomic organization, and possible function/s in plant. phylogenetic analysis showe ... | 2014 | 24534105 |
| interaction between the growth-regulating factor and knotted1-like homeobox families of transcription factors. | knotted1-like homeobox (knox) genes are important regulators of meristem function, and a complex network of transcription factors ensures tight control of their expression. here, we show that members of the growth-regulating factor (grf) family act as players in this network. a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) one-hybrid screen with the upstream sequence of the knox gene oskn2 from rice (oryza sativa) resulted in isolation of osgrf3 and osgrf10. specific binding to a region in the untranslated l ... | 2014 | 24532604 |
| normal root elongation requires arginine produced by argininosuccinate lyase in rice. | plant roots play an important role in the uptake of water and nutrients, structural support and environmental sensing, but the molecular mechanisms involved in root development are poorly understood in rice (oryza sativa), which is characterized by a dense fibrous root system. here we report a rice mutant (red1 for root elongation defect 1) with short roots. morphological and physiological analyses showed that the mutant had a shorter length from the quiescent center (qc) to the starting point o ... | 2014 | 24528386 |
| positive regulation of rice ring e3 ligase oshir1 in arsenic and cadmium uptakes. | the metalloid arsenic (as) and the heavy metal cadmium (cd) are ubiquitously found at low concentrations in the earth. high concentrations of these elements in the soil and crops are severely dangerous to human health. we attempted to retrieve the ring e3 ubiquitin ligase gene for regulating as and cd uptakes via the ubiquitin 26s proteasome system. semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was conducted for a total of 47 oryza sativa ring finger protein (osrfp) genes to ... | 2014 | 24664473 |
| isolation and characterization of osmy1, a putative partner of osrac5 from oryza sativa l. | osrac5 belongs to the rice rho of plants family, and acts as the molecular switch in the signal pathway which is pivotally involved in the rice fertility control. one of its putative partners, osmy1, was isolated by yeast two-hybrid screening from rice panicle cdna library. bioinformatics analysis shows that osmy1 contains a coiled-coil domain which generally appeared in the partners of rho gtpases. by yeast two-hybrid assay, it is confirmed that osmy1 binds both the wild type (wt) and constitut ... | 2014 | 24464125 |
| [cloning and functional analysis of phyllostachys edulis myb transcription factor pemyb2]. | myb-type transcription factor is one of the largest families in plants, which plays important roles in accepting stress signals from environment and regulating the expression of stress-tolerant genes. in this paper, using homologous cloning and race technology, a myb-type transcription factor, designated pemyb2, was cloned from phyllostachys edulis. the results of bioinformatics showed that pemyb2 is a typical r2r3-myb. it contained two tandem repeats in its n-terminus, and a membrane protein du ... | 2013 | 24459895 |
| rice mtn3/saliva/sweet gene family: evolution, expression profiling, and sugar transport. | the rice mtn3/saliva/sweet gene family consists of 21 paralogs. however, their functions in physiological processes are largely unknown, although at least three of the 21 paralogs are used by pathogenic bacteria to infect rice. here, we report the evolutionary features, transcriptional characteristics, and putative functions in sugar transport of this gene family. the wild rice accessions in this study included those with aa, bb, cc, bbcc, ccdd, ee, and gg genomes, which appeared approximately 0 ... | 2014 | 24456138 |
| expression and interaction of small heat shock proteins (shsps) in rice in response to heat stress. | the inherent immobility of rice (oryza sativa l.) limited their abilities to avoid heat stress and required them to contend with heat stress through innate defense abilities in which heat shock proteins played important roles. in this study, hsp26.7, hsp23.2, hsp17.9a, hsp17.4 and hsp16.9a were up-regulated in nipponbare during seedling and anthesis stages in response to heat stress. subsequently, the expressing levels of these five shsps in the heat-tolerant rice cultivar, co39, were all signif ... | 2014 | 24566471 |
| the synaptonemal complex protein zyp1 is required for imposition of meiotic crossovers in barley. | in many cereal crops, meiotic crossovers predominantly occur toward the ends of chromosomes and 30 to 50% of genes rarely recombine. this limits the exploitation of genetic variation by plant breeding. previous reports demonstrate that chiasma frequency can be manipulated in plants by depletion of the synaptonemal complex protein zipper1 (zyp1) but conflict as to the direction of change, with fewer chiasmata reported in arabidopsis thaliana and more crossovers reported for rice (oryza sativa). h ... | 2014 | 24563202 |
| protein interactome analysis of 12 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase in rice using a yeast two-hybrid system. | the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade is composed at least of map3k (for mapk kinase kinase), map2k, and mapk family modules. these components together play a central role in mediating extracellular signals to the cell and vice versa by interacting with their partner proteins. however, the map3k-interacting proteins remain poorly investigated in plants. here, we utilized a yeast two-hybrid system and bimolecular fluorescence complementation in the model crop rice (oryza sativa) to ... | 2014 | 24243689 |
| classification and interaction modes of 40 rice e2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes with 17 rice arm-u-box e3 ubiquitin ligases. | rice, a monocot model crop, contains at least 48 putative e2 ubiquitin (ub)-conjugating enzymes. based on homology comparisons with 40 arabidopsis e2 proteins and 35 human e2s, 48 rice e2s were classified into 15 different groups. yeast two-hybrid analyses using the u-box-domain regions of armadillo (arm)-u-box e3 ub-ligases and the ub-conjugating (ubc) domains of e2s showed that, among 40 rice e2s, 11 e2s accounted for 70% of the interactions with 17 arm-u-box e3s. thus, a single e2 could inter ... | 2014 | 24486490 |
| rice dep1, encoding a highly cysteine-rich g protein γ subunit, confers cadmium tolerance on yeast cells and plants. | a rice cdna, osdep1, encoding a highly cysteine (cys)-rich g protein γ subunit, was initially identified as it conferred cadmium (cd) tolerance on yeast cells. of the 426 aa constituting osdep1, 120 are cys residues (28.2%), of which 88 are clustered in the c-terminal half region (aa 170-426). to evaluate the independent effects of these two regions, two truncated versions of the osdep1-expressing plasmids posdep1(1-169) and posdep1(170-426) were used to examine their effects on yeast cd toleran ... | 2013 | 24163402 |
| phosphate transporters ospht1;9 and ospht1;10 are involved in phosphate uptake in rice. | we characterized the function of two rice phosphate (pi) transporters: ospht1;9 (ospt9) and ospht1;10 (ospt10). ospt9 and ospt10 were expressed in the root epidermis, root hairs and lateral roots, with their expression being specifically induced by pi starvation. in leaves, expression of the two genes was observed in both mesophyll and vasculature. high-affinity km values for pi transport of ospt9 and ospt10 were determined by yeast experiments and two-electrode voltage clamp analysis of anion t ... | 2014 | 24344809 |
| identification of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase gene family and mkk-mapk interaction network in maize. | plant mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) are involved in important processes, including stress signaling and development. mapk kinases (mapkk, mkk) have been investigated in several plant species including arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa, populus trichocarpa, and brachypodium distachyon. in the present study, nine putative maize mkk genes have been identified. analysis of the conserved protein motifs, exon-intron junctions and intron phase has revealed high levels of conservation within ... | 2013 | 24220337 |
| the pleiotropic sepallata-like gene osmads34 reveals that the 'empty glumes' of rice (oryza sativa) spikelets are in fact rudimentary lemmas. | the single floret of the rice (oryza sativa) spikelet is subtended by a pair of enigmatic organs usually termed 'empty glumes' or 'sterile lemmas'. as the identity of these organs remains essentially unknown, we refer to them as 'organs of unknown identity' (ouis). here we present a novel mutant of the rice sepallata-like gene osmads34 which develops, in addition to disorganized branches and sterile seeds, elongated ouis. the function and evolution of osmads34 were studied. morphological and mol ... | 2014 | 24372518 |
| homologous pairing activities of two rice rad51 proteins, rad51a1 and rad51a2. | in higher eukaryotes, rad51 functions as an essential protein in homologous recombination and recombinational repair of dna double strand breaks. during these processes, rad51 catalyzes homologous pairing between single-stranded dna and double-stranded dna. japonica cultivars of rice (oryza sativa) encode two rad51 proteins, rad51a1 and rad51a2, whereas only one rad51 exists in yeast and mammals. however, the functional differences between rad51a1 and rad51a2 have not been elucidated, because th ... | 2013 | 24124491 |
| a member of the heavy metal p-type atpase oshma5 is involved in xylem loading of copper in rice. | heavy metal-transporting p-type atpase (hma) has been implicated in the transport of heavy metals in plants. here, we report the function and role of an uncharacterized member of hma, oshma5 in rice (oryza sativa). knockout of oshma5 resulted in a decreased copper (cu) concentration in the shoots but an increased cu concentration in the roots at the vegetative stage. at the reproductive stage, the concentration of cu in the brown rice was significantly lower in the mutants than in the wild-type ... | 2013 | 24064929 |
| fine mapping and chromosome walking towards the ror1 locus in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | the ror1 gene was fine-mapped to the pericentric region of barley chromosome 1hl. recessively inherited loss-of-function alleles of the barley (hordeum vulgare) mildew resistance locus o (mlo) gene confer durable broad-spectrum disease resistance against the obligate biotrophic fungal powdery mildew pathogen blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. previous genetic analyses revealed two barley genes, ror1 and ror2, that are required for mlo-specified resistance and basal defence. while ror2 was cloned an ... | 2013 | 24042571 |
| the trna 3'-end processing enzyme trnase z2 contributes to chloroplast biogenesis in rice. | trnase z (trz) is a ubiquitous endonuclease that removes the 3'-trailer from precursor trnas during maturation. in yeast and animals, trz regulates the cell cycle via its (t)rna processing activity; however, its physiological function in higher plants has not been well characterized. this study describes the identification of a rice (oryza sativa) trz2 mutant; plants homozygous for the osatrz2 mutation were albinos with deficient chlorophyll content. a microscopic analysis of the mutant plants r ... | 2013 | 24034348 |
| characterization of a purine permease family gene ospup7 involved in growth and development control in rice. | in this study, pup-type cytokinin transporter genes were identified in rice (oryza sativa l.). the oryza sativa purine permease (ospup) family has 12 members that show similar predicted protein sequences with atpups. to reveal the functions of ospup genes, we searched the t-dna mutant library of rice and found one mutant for the member ospup7. the t-dna insertion caused a new transcript that encodes a protein with 26 amino acids different from the native ospup7 at the c-terminus. the mutant show ... | 2013 | 24034337 |
| mn tolerance in rice is mediated by mtp8.1, a member of the cation diffusion facilitator family. | manganese (mn) is an essential micronutrient for plants, but is toxic when present in excess. the rice plant (oryza sativa l.) accumulates high concentrations of mn in the aerial parts; however, the molecular basis for mn tolerance is poorly understood. in the present study, genes encoding mn tolerance were screened for by expressing cdnas of genes from rice shoots in saccharomyces cerevisiae. a gene encoding a cation diffusion facilitator (cdf) family member, osmtp8.1, was isolated, and its exp ... | 2013 | 23963678 |
| central region component1, a novel synaptonemal complex component, is essential for meiotic recombination initiation in rice. | in meiosis, homologous recombination entails programmed dna double-strand break (dsb) formation and synaptonemal complex (sc) assembly coupled with the dsb repair. although scs display extensive structural conservation among species, their components identified are poorly conserved at the sequence level. here, we identified a novel sc component, designated central region component1 (crc1), in rice (oryza sativa). crc1 colocalizes with zep1, the rice sc transverse filament protein, to the central ... | 2013 | 23943860 |
| the f-box protein osfbk12 targets ossams1 for degradation and affects pleiotropic phenotypes, including leaf senescence, in rice. | leaf senescence is related to the grain-filling rate and grain weight in cereals. many components involved in senescence regulation at either the genetic or physiological level are known. however, less is known about molecular regulation mechanisms. here, we report that osfbk12 (an f-box protein containing a kelch repeat motif) interacts with s-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetase1 (sams1) to regulate leaf senescence and seed size as well as grain number in rice (oryza sativa). yeast two-hybrid, pul ... | 2013 | 24144792 |
| rnai-directed downregulation of vacuolar h(+) -atpase subunit a results in enhanced stomatal aperture and density in rice. | stomatal movement plays a key role in plant development and response to drought and salt stress by regulating gas exchange and water loss. a number of genes have been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of this process. using inverse genetics approach, we characterized the function of a rice (oryza sativa l.) vacuolar h(+)-atpase subunit a (osvha-a) gene in stomatal conductance regulation and physiological response to salt and osmotic stress. osvha-a was constitutively expressed in dif ... | 2013 | 23894405 |
| identification and characterization of nf-y transcription factor families in canola (brassica napus l.). | nf-y (nuclear factor-y), a heterotrimeric transcription factor, is composed of nf-ya, nf-yb, and nf-yc proteins in yeast, animal, and plant systems. in plants, each of the nf-ya/b/c subunit forms a multi-member family. nf-ys are key regulators with important roles in many physiological processes, such as drought tolerance, flowering time, and seed development. in this study, we identified, annotated, and further characterized 14 nf-ya, 14 nf-yb, and 5 nf-yc proteins in brassica napus (canola). p ... | 2014 | 24097262 |
| the greencut: re-evaluation of physiological role of previously studied proteins and potential novel protein functions. | based on comparative genomics, a list of proteins present in the green algal, flowering and nonflowering plant lineages, but not detected in nonphotosynthetic organisms, was assembled (merchant et al., science 318:245-250, 2007; karpowicz et al., j biol chem 286:21427-21439, 2011). this protein grouping, previously designated the greencut, was established using stringent comparative genomic criteria; they are those chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins with orthologs in arabidopsis thaliana, physco ... | 2013 | 23873414 |
| identification of a drought-induced rice gene, ossap, that suppresses bax-induced cell death in yeast. | we identified rice genes that might be involved in drought stress tolerance by virtue of their anti-apoptotic activity. potential anti-apoptosis related genes were identified by screening an oryza sativa cdna library derived from drought stressed tissues in a yeast functional assay. about 28 o. sativa cdnas promoted yeast survival following engagement of bax-induced apoptosis. an o. sativa cdna encoding r12h780 was a highly conserved putative senescence-associated-protein (ossap). ossap was both ... | 2013 | 24096889 |
| a rice virescent-yellow leaf mutant reveals new insights into the role and assembly of plastid caseinolytic protease in higher plants. | the plastidic caseinolytic protease (clp) of higher plants is an evolutionarily conserved protein degradation apparatus composed of a proteolytic core complex (the p and r rings) and a set of accessory proteins (clpt, clpc, and clps). the role and molecular composition of clps in higher plants has just begun to be unraveled, mostly from studies with the model dicotyledonous plant arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). in this work, we isolated a virescent yellow leaf (vyl) mutant in rice (oryza sat ... | 2013 | 23803583 |
| expression and functional analysis of the cora-mrs2-alr-type magnesium transporter family in rice. | maintenance of an appropriate magnesium ion (mg(2+)) concentration is essential for plant growth. in arabidopsis thaliana, the cora-mrs2-alr-type proteins, named mrs2/mgt family proteins, are reportedly localized in various membranes and they function in mg transport. however, knowledge of this family in other plant species is extremely limited. furthermore, differential diversification among dicot and monocot plants suggested by phylogenetic analysis indicates that the role of the arabidopsis m ... | 2013 | 23926064 |
| a plasma membrane-localized small peptide is involved in rice aluminum tolerance. | a transcription factor for al tolerance, art1, regulates the expression of at least 30 genes in rice. here we functionally characterized one of the downstream genes, oscdt3, which encodes a predicted peptide of only 53 amino acid residues rich in cysteine. knockdown of this gene resulted in decreased tolerance to al, but did not affect the tolerance to cd. the aluminum (al) content in the root residues including cell wall and the plasma membrane of knockdown lines decreased, but the al concentra ... | 2013 | 23888867 |
| rice mitogen activated protein kinase kinase and mitogen activated protein kinase interaction network revealed by in-silico docking and yeast two-hybrid approaches. | protein-protein interaction is one of the crucial ways to decipher the functions of proteins and to understand their role in complex pathways at cellular level. such a protein-protein interaction network in many crop plants remains poorly defined owing largely to the involvement of high costs, requirement for state of the art laboratory, time and labour intensive techniques. here, we employed computational docking using zdock and rdock programmes to identify interaction network between members o ... | 2013 | 23738013 |
| evidence of evolutionary constraints that influences the sequence composition and diversity of mitochondrial matrix targeting signals. | mitochondrial targeting signals (mtss) are responsible for trafficking nuclear encoded proteins to their final destination within mitochondria. these sequences are diverse, sharing little amino acid homology and vary significantly in length, and although the formation of a positively-charged amphiphilic alpha helix within the mts is considered to be necessary and sufficient to mediate import, such a feature does not explain their diversity, nor how such diversity influences target sequence funct ... | 2013 | 23825690 |
| functional analysis of the rice vacuolar zinc transporter osmtp1. | heavy metal homeostasis is maintained in plant cells by specialized transporters which compartmentalize or efflux metal ions, maintaining cytosolic concentrations within a narrow range. osmtp1 is a member of the cation diffusion facilitator (cdf)/metal tolerance protein (mtp) family of metal cation transporters in oryza sativa, which is closely related to arabidopsis thaliana mtp1. functional complementation of the arabidopsis t-dna insertion mutant mtp1-1 demonstrates that osmtp1 transports zn ... | 2013 | 23761487 |
| isolation and characterization of rice (oryza sativa l.) e3-ubiquitin ligase oshos1 gene in the modulation of cold stress response. | plants can cope with adverse environmental conditions through the activation of stress response signalling pathways, in which the proteasome seems to play an important role. however, the mechanisms underlying the proteasome-mediated stress response in rice are still not fully understood. to address this issue, we have identified a rice e3-ubiquitin ligase, oshos1, and characterized its role in the modulation of the cold stress response. using a rna interference (rnai) transgenic approach we foun ... | 2013 | 23780733 |
| molecular cloning of cryptochrome 1 from apple and its functional characterization in arabidopsis. | cryptochromes are blue-light photoreceptors involved in regulating many aspects of plant growth and development. investigations of cryptochromes in plants have largely focused on arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), tomato (solanum lycopersicum), rice (oryza sativa) and pea (pisum sativum). here, we isolated the cryptochrome 1 gene from apple (malus domestica) (mdcry1) and analyzed its function in transgenic arabidopsis. the predicted mdcry1 protein was most closely homologous to strawberry cry1. ... | 2013 | 23570872 |
| massive-scale gene co-expression network construction and robustness testing using random matrix theory. | the study of gene relationships and their effect on biological function and phenotype is a focal point in systems biology. gene co-expression networks built using microarray expression profiles are one technique for discovering and interpreting gene relationships. a knowledge-independent thresholding technique, such as random matrix theory (rmt), is useful for identifying meaningful relationships. highly connected genes in the thresholded network are then grouped into modules that provide insigh ... | 2013 | 23409071 |
| osorc3 is required for lateral root development in rice. | the origin recognition complex (orc) is a pivotal element in dna replication, heterochromatin assembly, checkpoint regulation and chromosome assembly. although the functions of the orc have been determined in yeast and model animals, they remain largely unknown in the plant kingdom. in this study, oryza sativa origin recognition complex subunit 3 (osorc3) was cloned using map-based cloning procedures, and functionally characterized using a rice (oryza sativa) orc3 mutant. the mutant showed a tem ... | 2013 | 23346890 |
| comprehensive analysis of the rice ring e3 ligase family reveals their functional diversity in response to abiotic stress. | a large number of really interesting new gene (ring) e3 ligases contribute to the post-translational modification of target proteins during plant responses to environmental stresses. however, the physical interactome of ring e3 ligases in rice remains largely unknown. here, we evaluated the expression patterns of 47 oryza sativa ring finger protein (osrfp) genes in response to abiotic stresses via semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and in silico analysis. ... | 2013 | 23571674 |
| preferential delivery of zinc to developing tissues in rice is mediated by p-type heavy metal atpase oshma2. | developing tissues such as meristems and reproductive organs require high zinc, but the molecular mechanisms of how zinc taken up by the roots is preferentially delivered to these tissues with low transpiration are unknown. here, we report that rice (oryza sativa) heavy metal atpase2 (oshma2), a member of p-type atpases, is involved in preferential delivery of zinc to the developing tissues in rice. oshma2 was mainly expressed in the mature zone of the roots at the vegetative stage, but higher e ... | 2013 | 23575418 |
| functional analyses of tahma2, a p(1b)-type atpase in wheat. | currently, there are few studies concerning the function of heavy metal atpase 2 (hma2), particularly in monocotyledons, and the potential application of this protein in biofortification and phytoremediation. thus, we isolated and characterized the tahma2 gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). our results indicate that tahma2 is localized to the plasma membrane and stably expressed, except in the nodes, which showed relatively high expression. zinc/cadmium (zn/cd) resistance was observed in tah ... | 2013 | 23294838 |
| oscyp2, a chaperone involved in degradation of auxin-responsive proteins, plays crucial roles in rice lateral root initiation. | auxin plays a pivotal role in many facets of plant development. it acts by inducing the interaction between auxin-responsive [auxin (aux)/indole-3-acetic acid (iaa)] proteins and the ubiquitin protein ligase scf(tir) to promote the degradation of the aux/iaa proteins. other cofactors and chaperones that participate in auxin signaling remain to be identified. here, we characterized rice (oryza sativa) plants with mutations in a cyclophilin gene (oscyp2). cyp2 mutants showed defects in auxin respo ... | 2013 | 23289750 |
| oryza sativa coi homologues restore jasmonate signal transduction in arabidopsis coi1-1 mutants. | coronatine insensitive 1 (coi1) encodes an e3 ubiquitin ligase complex component that interacts with jaz proteins and targets them for degradation in response to ja signaling. the arabidopsis genome has a single copy of coi1, but the oryza sativa genome has three closely related coi homologs. to examine the functions of the three oscois, we used yeast two-hybrid assays to examine their interactions with jaz proteins and found that oscois interacted with osjazs and with jazs, in a coronatine depe ... | 2013 | 23320078 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of a blue light receptor gene mdcry2 from apple (malus domestica). | mdcry2 was isolated from apple fruit skin, and its function was analyzed in mdcry2 transgenic arabidopsis. the interaction between mdcry2 and atcop1 was found by yeast two-hybrid and bifc assays. cryptochromes are blue/ultraviolet-a (uv-a) light receptors involved in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development. investigations of the structure and functions of cryptochromes in plants have largely focused on arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), tomato (solanum lycopersicum), pea (pis ... | 2013 | 23314496 |
| ehd4 encodes a novel and oryza-genus-specific regulator of photoperiodic flowering in rice. | land plants have evolved increasingly complex regulatory modes of their flowering time (or heading date in crops). rice (oryza sativa l.) is a short-day plant that flowers more rapidly in short-day but delays under long-day conditions. previous studies have shown that the co-ft module initially identified in long-day plants (arabidopsis) is evolutionary conserved in short-day plants (hd1-hd3a in rice). however, in rice, there is a unique ehd1-dependent flowering pathway that is hd1-independent. ... | 2013 | 23437005 |
| functional analysis of hsp70 superfamily proteins of rice (oryza sativa). | heat stress results in misfolding and aggregation of cellular proteins. heat shock proteins (hsp) enable the cells to maintain proper folding of proteins, both in unstressed as well as stressed conditions. hsp70 genes encode for a group of highly conserved chaperone proteins across the living systems encompassing bacteria, plants, and animals. in the cellular chaperone network, hsp70 family proteins interconnect other chaperones and play a dominant role in various cell processes. to assess the f ... | 2013 | 23264228 |
| crystal structure of rice importin-α and structural basis of its interaction with plant-specific nuclear localization signals. | in the classical nucleocytoplasmic import pathway, nuclear localization signals (nlss) in cargo proteins are recognized by the import receptor importin-α. importin-α has two separate nls binding sites (the major and the minor site), both of which recognize positively charged amino acid clusters in nlss. little is known about the molecular basis of the unique features of the classical nuclear import pathway in plants. we determined the crystal structure of rice (oryza sativa) importin-α1a at 2-å ... | 2012 | 23250448 |
| knockout of the vps22 component of the escrt-ii complex in rice (oryza sativa l.) causes chalky endosperm and early seedling lethality. | in both yeast and mammals, the major constituent of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-ii (escrt-ii) is the vps22/eap30 protein, which plays an important role in ubiquitin-mediated degradation of membrane proteins through the multivesicular body pathway. however, the functions of escrt-ii subunits in plants are largely unknown. in this work, we report the genetic analysis and phenotypic characterization of mutants in osvps22 gene, which encodes a functional vps22 homolog in ric ... | 2013 | 23275199 |
| structural, expression and interaction analysis of rice skp1-like genes. | the degradation of proteins by the 26s proteasome is initiated by protein polyubiquitination mediated by a three-step cascade. the specific ubiquitination of different target proteins is mediated by different classes of e3 ubiquitin ligases, among which the best known are skp1-cullin-f-box complexes. whereas protists, fungi and some vertebrates have a single skp1 gene, many animal and plant species possess multiple skp1 homologues. in this paper, we report on the structure, phylogeny and express ... | 2013 | 23248203 |
| glutathione reductase from oryza sativa increases acquired tolerance to abiotic stresses in a genetically modified saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. | glutathione reductase (gr, e.c. 1.6.4.2) is an important enzyme that reduces glutathione disulfide (gssg) to a sulfydryl form (gsh) in the presence of an nadph-dependent system. this is a critical antioxidant mechanism. owing to the significance of gr, this enzyme has been examined in a number of animals, plants, and microbes. we performed a study to evaluate the molecular properties of gr (osgr) from rice (oryza sativa). to determine whether heterologous expression of osgr can reduce the delete ... | 2012 | 23124348 |
| characterization of a vacuolar zinc transporter ozt1 in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the cdf family is a ubiquitous family that has been identified in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea. members of this family are important heavy metal transporters that transport metal ions out of the cytoplasm. in this research, a full length cdna named oryza sativa zn transporter 1 (ozt1) that closely related to rat znt-2 (zn transporter 2) gene was isolated from rice. the ozt1 encoding a cdf family protein shares 28.2 % ~ 84.3 % of identities and 49.3 % ~ 90.9 % of similarities with other z ... | 2013 | 23070916 |
| expression of salt-induced 2-cys peroxiredoxin from oryza sativa increases stress tolerance and fermentation capacity in genetically engineered yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | peroxiredoxins (prxs), also termed thioredoxin peroxidases (tpxs), are a family of thiol-specific antioxidant enzymes that are critically involved in cell defense and protect cells from oxidative damage. in this study, a putative chloroplastic 2-cys thioredoxin peroxidase (ostpx) was identified by proteome analysis from leaf tissue samples of rice (oryza sativa) seedlings exposed to 0.1 m nacl for 3 days. to investigate the relationship between the ostpx gene and the stress response, ostpx was c ... | 2013 | 23053072 |
| mutants of saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus citri changed the protein content of the nigerian oryza sativa variety "igbimo" during fermentation. | effect of mutation on protein production by saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus citri, the best protein producing yeast and bacterium isolated during a previous natural fermentation of a nigerian rice ("igbimo"). the two microorganisms were grown to logarithmic phase and mutagenized separately using ethylmethyl sulphonate (ems). the wild-types and variants were inoculated individually into sterile "igbimo" rice. fermentation was allowed to take place at 27°c for 7 days after which protein rele ... | 2012 | 23166568 |
| functional relevance of j-protein family of rice (oryza sativa). | protein folding and disaggregation are crucial processes for survival of cells under unfavorable conditions. a network of molecular chaperones supports these processes. collaborative action of hsp70 and hsp100 proteins is an important component of this network. j-proteins/dnaj members as co-chaperones assist hsp70. as against 22 dnaj sequences noted in yeast, rice genome contains 104 j-genes. rice j-genes were systematically classified into type a (12 sequences), type b (9 sequences), and type c ... | 2013 | 23160806 |
| functional analysis of oshsbp1 and oshsbp2 revealed their involvement in the heat shock response in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the heat shock response (hsr) induces the production of heat shock proteins (hsps) through the activation of heat shock factors (hsf). hsf binding protein (hsbp) is reported to modulate the function of hsf by binding to their trimer and hence to regulate hsr. this report describes the role of oshsbp1 and oshsbp2 in the regulation of the hsr and seed development of rice. both genes expressed ubiquitously in all tissues under normal growth conditions while their expression levels were significantl ... | 2012 | 22996677 |