| detection of borreliacidal antibodies by flow cytometry. an accurate, highly specific serodiagnostic test for lyme disease. | borreliacidal antibodies can be detected in serum samples from patients with early or late lyme disease symptoms. when these serum samples are incubated with borrelia burgdorferi and complement, spirochetes are rapidly killed. detection of these antibodies can be used as a serodiagnostic test. | 1994 | 8031211 |
| ophthalmic manifestations in lyme borreliosis. a review. | lyme borreliosis is an emerging tick-borne spirochetal infection characterized by a broad variety of symptoms, ranging from neurologic disorders and different skin manifestations to cardiac symptoms. many ocular and neuro-ophthalmic symptoms have recently been attributed to lyme disease. especially in endemic areas ophthalmologists need to be aware of borrelia burgdorferi as a possible causal agent. the aim of this paper is to present a short review of the literature of ophthalmic disorders resu ... | 1994 | 8032473 |
| [a study on the relationship between cheilitis granulomatosa and melkersson-rosenthal syndrome]. | serum anti borrelia burgdorferi (bb) antibody of 18 patients with cheilitis granulomatosa (cg) and 5 patients with melkersson-rosenthal syndrome (mrs) have been examined and positive results are present in 14 patients with cg(77.8%) and 4 patients with mrs(80%). according to histopathological features the lesions show characteristics of spirochetes diseases. it suggests that cg and mrs are all caused by spirochetes. | 1993 | 8033637 |
| immunization of mice by recombinant ospa preparations and protection against borrelia burgdorferi infection induced by ixodes ricinus tick bites. | the wide distribution of borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete causing lyme borreliosis, represents a human health hazard in many areas of the world. vaccination has been proposed as an effective prevention strategy. vaccination experiments were conducted with preparations of recombinant outer surface protein a (ospa) derived from borrelia burgdorferi strain zs7. mice received three doses (1 microgram each) of the antigens adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide. a strong immune response to the vaccine an ... | 1994 | 8034340 |
| antimicrobial antibodies in danish slaughterhouse workers and greenhouse workers. | as a consequence of contact with animals and animal products slaughterhouse workers might be at risk of infection with pathogenic microorganisms. this hypothesis has been supported by some earlier studies. in this study 217 slaughtermen and a control group of 113 greenhouse workers were investigated for the prevalence of serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, campylobacter jejuni (iga and igg), yersinia enterocolitica types 3 and 9, yersinia pseudotuberculosis types i, ii, iii, iv, and v, salmon ... | 1994 | 8034365 |
| importance of protective borreliacidal antibodies in lyme disease immunity and serodiagnosis. | | 1994 | 8035047 |
| comparison of intravenous penicillin g and oral doxycycline for treatment of lyme neuroborreliosis. | to compare the efficacy of oral doxycycline and iv penicillin g for the treatment of neuroborreliosis, we randomized consecutive patients with lyme neuroborreliosis to receive either iv penicillin g (3 g q 6 h) or oral deoxycycline (200 mg q 24 h) for 14 days. all patients had antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in serum, csf, or both, or had a positive csf culture. twenty-three patients randomized to penicillin g and 31 patients to doxycycline were included in the study. all patients improv ... | 1994 | 8035916 |
| determination of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in sarcoidosis. | borrelia burgdorferi, i.e. the etiologic agent of lyme disease, has been causatively linked to sarcoidosis. to evaluate the possible role of this spirochete in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis we tested for the presence of antibodies to b. burgdorferi on serum samples obtained from 21 sarcoid patients living in an italian mountain area where lyme borreliosis is endemic. no patient showed antibodies to b. burgdorferi. our data does not substantiate the hypothesis that sarcoidosis may be a borrelio ... | 1994 | 8036340 |
| lyme borreliosis in lithuania. | the first cases of lyme borreliosis in lithuania were diagnosed in 1987, since when the number of reported cases has varied between 50 and 300 per year. in 1988, 354 cases were found through active surveillance. during 1988-91, 3,820 ixodes ricinus ticks were collected in lithuania; 11% of adult and 1% of nymphal ticks were infected with borrelia as determined by dark-field microscopy. infected ticks were found in 27/31 (87%) of the regions investigated. two isolates of borrelia were obtained by ... | 1994 | 8036470 |
| a new familial glomerulonephropathy in bernese mountain dogs. | between 1989 and 1992, 22 bernese mountain dogs (18 females and four males) aged between two and seven years, which had been suffering for some weeks from weight loss, anorexia, apathy, vomiting, polydipsia and polyuria, were examined. all of them had high blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations, and many had hyperphosphataemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypoproteinaemia and nonregenerative anaemia. all the dogs had very high protein: creatinine ratios in the urine, and macroprotein ... | 1994 | 8036771 |
| complete heart block in a 9 year old girl caused by borreliosis. | a complete atrioventricular block was seen in a nine year old girl in whom an infection with borrelia burgdorferi was confirmed by serological testing. there were no other symptoms or cutaneous manifestations of the disease. though a rash on the right ear was later recalled by her parents. the patient was treated with high dose penicillin and orciprenaline was given intermittently. the complete heart block disappeared within four days. | 1993 | 8038006 |
| different methods of sample preparation influence sensitivity of mycobacterium tuberculosis and borrelia burgdorferi pcr. | | 1994 | 8038699 |
| humoral immune response to outer surface protein c of borrelia burgdorferi in lyme disease: role of the immunoglobulin m response in the serodiagnosis of early infection. | we determined the humoral immune response to outer surface protein c (ospc) of borrelia burgdorferi in patients with early or late manifestations of lyme disease and investigated the use of this antigen in the serodiagnosis of early infection. the ospc gene from the low-passage human isolate 297, a north american b. burgdorferi strain, was used to make a recombinant maltose-binding protein (mbp)-ospc fusion protein for serologic tests. this gene showed 84 to 85% nucleotide sequence identity and ... | 1994 | 8039891 |
| expression and gene sequence of outer surface protein c of borrelia burgdorferi reisolated from chronically infected mice. | ospc from borrelia burgdorferi reisolated from mice persistently infected with cloned spirochetes was examined. in all cases, the sequence of the ospc gene was identical to that of the original inoculant. we conclude that variation of ospc is not necessary for evasion of the host immune system. | 1994 | 8039931 |
| experimental borrelia garinii infection of japanese quail. | japanese quail inoculated subcutaneously with borrelia garinii responded to infection. b. garinii was reisolated mainly from skin and randomly from several organs between 7 and 56 days postinoculation. skin lesions were occasionally observed in association with spirochete recovery. all birds were positive for antibody at 53 to 56 days postinoculation. these results suggest that the japanese quail is a model for experimental infection with b. garinii and that birds are reservoirs for lyme disease ... | 1994 | 8039933 |
| early and specific antibody response to ospa in lyme disease. | borrelia burgdorferi (bb), the cause of lyme disease, has appeared not to evoke a detectable specific antibody response in humans until long after infection. this delayed response has been a biologic puzzle and has hampered early diagnosis. antibody to the abundant organism-specific outer surface proteins, such as the 31-kd ospa, has rarely been detected less than 6 mo after infection. antibody to a less organism-specific 41-kd flagellin protein, sharing common determinants with other bacteria a ... | 1994 | 8040289 |
| orthopaedic manifestations of lyme disease. | lyme disease is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted by the ixodes tick. early diagnosis is difficult because the tick bite may go unnoticed and the distinguishing rash, erythema chronicum migrans, often does not occur. serologic tests are both sensitive and specific in the later stages of the disease but not in stage 1. thus diagnosis of lyme disease remains clinical. knowledge of the orthopaedic manifestations of lyme disease may aid in early diagnosis and help diff ... | 1994 | 8041573 |
| lyme disease. | in 1992, reported lyme disease cases increased, but the majority remained clustered in the northeast and midwest, and in california. the clinical syndromes associated with infection are better understood, and this information can calm public anxiety. the concept of fibromyalgia occurring after infection with borrelia burgdorferi allows more appropriate treatment in late lyme disease. the polymerase chain reaction is being applied to gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of lyme disease. p ... | 1993 | 8043045 |
| [determination of antibody of borrelia burgdorferi in the serum of patients with sarcoidosis and its significance]. | the level of antibody of borrelia burgdorferi in the serum of 40 patient, 23 with sarcoidosis and 17 without sarcoidosis was determined by using elisa method. antibody of bb was positive in the serum of 18 patients with sarcoidosis (78.3%). it is possible that sarcoidosis might be a disease of autoimmune abnormality and antibody of bb in the serum an auto-antibody resulting from the stimuli of certain unknown antigens. cross reactivity may be present between the serological tests for sarcoidosis ... | 1994 | 8045180 |
| epidemiological studies of lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. | the hard tick ixodes ricinus, vector of borrelia burgdorferi and tbe virus (tbev), is most abundant in the southern and central parts of sweden. about 2000 cases of lyme borreliosis (lb) and 50-80 cases of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) are estimated to occur in sweden annually. five populations, including 903 individuals living in five different areas close to stockholm where lb and tbe are endemic, were studied with regard to the clinical manifestations and antibody prevalence of lb and tbe. th ... | 1994 | 8047853 |
| treponematosis and lyme borreliosis connections: explanation for tchefuncte disease syndromes? | a convergence of evidence from macroscopic, radiographic and histologic examination indicates that treponemal infection was present in the 16st1 tchefuncte indian burial population, dated 500 b.c. to 300 a.d. pattern and nature of lesions suggests that chronic infection induced by variants of the spirochete treponema pallidum, causing endemic syphilis and/or yaws, resulted in third-stage osseous response. it is suggested that tchefuncte indians acquired partial immunity to treponemal infection b ... | 1994 | 8048468 |
| nucleotide sequence and analysis of the gene in borrelia burgdorferi encoding the immunogenic p39 antigen. | the p39 antigen is a specific, highly conserved, and immunogenic protein of lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this protein was determined and found to be the first of two tandemly arranged open reading frames located on the spirochete's chromosome. these two open reading frames were designated bmpa for the gene encoding p39 and bmpb for the gene encoding the putative protein orf2 encoded by the second open reading frame. the n ... | 1994 | 8050720 |
| comparison of different strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato used as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | eight strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were tested with serum samples from persons who had lyme borreliosis or syphilis in class-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). antigens of b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, of borrelia garinii, and of borrelia spirochetes in group vs461 were prepared from cultured bacteria isolated from ticks, a white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus), or human tissues in north america, the former soviet union, and japan. nearly all of the serum spec ... | 1994 | 8051239 |
| treatment of late lyme disease: a challenge to accept. | | 1994 | 8051284 |
| lyme disease in northwestern coastal california. | to determine the incidence of physician-diagnosed lyme disease in an endemic area of california, an active surveillance program was implemented in lake, mendocino, sonoma, and southern humboldt counties. more than 200 medical care providers were called monthly for their list of suspected cases of lyme disease. pertinent information was abstracted from the medical record of each patient. of 153 cases of possible early lyme disease ascertained from july 1991 to december 1992, 37% consisted of phys ... | 1994 | 8053175 |
| western blot band intensity analysis. application to the diagnosis of lyme arthritis. | to determine the usefulness of quantitative band-intensity analysis of western blots for the diagnosis of lyme arthritis. | 1994 | 8053960 |
| empiric antibiotic treatment of patients who are seropositive for lyme disease but lack classic features. american college of rheumatology and the infectious diseases society of america. | | 1994 | 8054419 |
| vector competence of ixodes pacificus and dermacentor occidentalis (acari: ixodidae) for various isolates of lyme disease spirochetes. | the vector competence of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls, and the pacific coast tick, dermacentor occidentalis marx, for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner) was compared. rabbits, hamsters, and the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus (wagner), were injected with cultured spirochetes or infected tick-suspensions, or were fed upon by spirochete-infected ticks. five of seven isolates used as inocula were reiso ... | 1994 | 8057316 |
| susceptibility of ixodes persulcatus and i. ovatus (acari: ixodidae) to lyme disease spirochetes isolated from humans in japan. | susceptibility of ixodes persulcatus schulze and ixodes ovatus neumann to lyme disease spirochetes isolated from humans was studied under laboratory conditions. six isolates (jem3, jem4, jem5, jem6, jem7, and jem8) from patients in japan were used for the study. mongolian jirds were inoculated intraperitoneally with each of the isolates. larval ticks of either i. persulcatus or i. ovatus were allowed to feed on the jirds and reared for development into nymphs. in all human isolates examined, the ... | 1994 | 8057322 |
| [positive serology for borrelia burgdorferi in patients with symptoms compatible with lyme's disease]. | the existence of lyme's disease (ld) in spain has been demonstrated for several years, but the impact that ld may have on the presence of symptomatology associated to this entity has not been evaluated so far in our region. given the existence of serological false positives and negatives, the usefulness of positive serology as indicative of ld is discussed. in this work, we try to demonstrate the presence of a greater serological positivity for anti-bb antibodies in patients with clinical signs ... | 1994 | 8061134 |
| characterization of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from different organs of ixodes ricinus ticks collected in nature. | borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from 22 out of 133 adult ixodes ricinus ticks collected from vegetation at two sites in switzerland. from 17 ticks, spirochetes could be isolated from more than one organ. when the different isolates obtained from one tick were compared by sds-page analysis, differences in the protein profiles were observed in 8 cases. the isolates were further compared by immunological methods using mono- and polyclonal antibodies. differences were observed in the proteins of 3 ... | 1994 | 8061407 |
| saliva of the lyme disease vector, ixodes dammini, blocks cell activation by a nonprostaglandin e2-dependent mechanism. | tick-borne pathogens would appear to be vulnerable to vertebrate host immune responses during the protracted duration of feeding required by their vectors. however, tick salivary components deposited during feeding may inhibit hemostasis and induce immunosuppression. the mode of action and the nature of immunosuppressive salivary components remains poorly described. we determined that saliva from the main vector of the agent of lyme disease, ixodes dammini, profoundly inhibited splenic t cell pr ... | 1994 | 8064226 |
| establishment, maintenance and description of cell lines from the tick ixodes scapularis. | interest in tick-borne pathogens has been enhanced by the emergence of lyme disease and, more recently, human and animal ehrlichioses. in order to facilitate investigations of the vector phase of tick-borne disease agents in vitro, several new cell lines derived from embryonated eggs of northern (ide lines) and southern (ise lines) populations of the tick ixodes scapularis were developed. the establishment and characteristics of 4 ide (ide1, 2, 8, and 12) and 2 ise (ise5 and 18) lines were descr ... | 1994 | 8064520 |
| [malaria and lyme disease]. | | 1994 | 8065218 |
| transmission of the agent of lyme disease on a subtropical island. | to determine whether the agent of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi) perpetuates on a subtropical island, we recorded prevalence of spirochetal infection in ixodes ricinus ticks collected on madeira island and identified local reservoir hosts of both pathogen and vector tick. spirochetes infect at least 1.3% of the nymphal ticks collected in a particular site. subadult ticks frequently parasitized norway as well as black rats on the island, and lyme disease spirochetes were found in these hosts ... | 1994 | 8066380 |
| lyme disease. | in the united states, lyme disease is the most common arthropod-borne infection. the majority of cases occur in the northeast, the midwest, and california, which are areas with established foci of borrelia burgdorferi. phenotypic and genotypic diversity of b. burgdorferi has resulted in its classification into three separate genospecies and may account for differences in disease expression. clinical features of lyme disease have expanded to include a flulike illness without erythema migrans and ... | 1994 | 8068513 |
| evaluation of central nervous system involvement in lyme borreliosis patients with a solitary erythema migrans lesion. | to determine whether early dissemination of borrelia burgdorferi to the central nervous system occurs in stage i of lyme borreliosis, neurological and cerebrospinal fluid examination was performed in 48 consecutive patients in whom the only sign of infection was a solitary erythema migrans lesion. long-term follow-up after treatment with tetracycline was carried out by telephone interview. at presentation, neurological findings were normal in all 48 patients. cerebrospinal fluid samples were obt ... | 1994 | 8070450 |
| evaluation of nine serological tests for diagnosis of lyme borreliosis. | two hundred serum specimens including 13 sera from patients with early lyme borreliosis, 21 patients with late lyme borreliosis, 15 rheumatoid factor positive sera, 31 sera from patients with syphilis and 84 sera from healthy controls were used to evaluate the following assays for the detection of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi: two in-house enzyme immunoassays (eias), two in-house immunofluorescent antibody assays (ifas), a commercial haemagglutination assay (ha) (diagast) and four commerci ... | 1994 | 8070452 |
| borrelia burgdorferi isolated in british columbia. | | 1994 | 8075296 |
| serological follow-up after treatment of patients with erythema migrans and neuroborreliosis. | to investigate the duration and kinetics of immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in serum after treatment of lyme borreliosis, consecutive serum samples from 30 seropositive patients with erythema migrans and 91 seropositive patients with neuroborreliosis were analyzed with a capture igm enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and an indirect igg elisa, both using b. burgdorferi flagella as the antigen. all the patients improved after treatment: 97 patients ha ... | 1994 | 8077398 |
| discovery of an enzootic cycle of borrelia burgdorferi in neotoma mexicana and ixodes spinipalpis from northern colorado, an area where lyme disease is nonendemic. | an intensive enzootic cycle of borrelia burgdorferi was seen in populations of the mexican wood rat, neotoma mexicana, and ixodes spinipalpis ticks in northern colorado. cultures of rodent ear tissue and ticks yielded 63 spirochetal isolates: 38 n. mexicana, 2 peromyscus difficilis, and 23 i. spinipalpis. all 63 isolates were identified as b. burgdorferi sensu lato by polymerase chain reaction; a representative subset was characterized as b. burgdorferi by sds-page and immunoblotting. a tick-der ... | 1994 | 8077722 |
| [research of lyme's disease in facial paralysis. a french multicenter study]. | apparent a frigore facial palsy could possibly mask manifestations of unrecognized lyme's disease. since commonly used corticosteroid treatment could be deleterious if borrelia burgdorferi infection was indeed the cause, we conducted a prospective study to search for possible infections in cases of recently diagnosed a frigore facial palsy. | 1994 | 8078824 |
| [anaphylaxis due to a sting by argas reflexus (the pigeon tick) a case report]. | a case of anaphylactic shock caused by an argas reflexus sting in a young woman with a history of recurrent undefined urticaria-angioedema syndrome, is reported. this tick is an ectoparasite which is found on pigeons who usually nest under the roofs of dwellings. the diagnosis was based on the history and through a dosage of ige specific antibodies with rast, using an extract of salivary gland of argas reflexus. this ectoparasite was also found in the home and identified through the microscope. ... | 1994 | 8079039 |
| the use of serologic tests for lyme disease in a prepaid health plan in california. | to determine the reason(s) why serologic tests for lyme disease are performed, who initiates the test requests, and how the test results are used in a clinical setting. | 1994 | 8080498 |
| protection against borrelia burgdorferi infection in scid mice is conferred by presensitized spleen cells and partially by b but not t cells alone. | borrelia burgdorferi induces spirochetemia, arthritis, carditis and myositis in scid mice but not in immunocompetent co-isogenic c.b-17 mice. the contribution of naive or presensitized b and t cells in the control of spirochetal infection has now been analysed in scid mice reconstituted with unselected spleen cells or enriched b or t cell populations thereof and subsequently challenged with b. burgdorferi. it is shown that scid mice were protected (i) completely against disease (arthritis, cardi ... | 1994 | 8080839 |
| lyme pericarditis leading to tamponade. | we report the case of a 62-yr-old man who presented with lyme pericarditis leading to cardiac tamponade shortly followed by an arthritis. igm and igg antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were demonstrated in serum by indirect immunofluorescence. borrelia burgdorferi was demonstrated and identified in pericardial fluid by indirect immunofluorescence using serum from a patient with proven lyme disease and by a monoclonal antibody immuno-gold silver stain. spirochetes were also found in synovial biop ... | 1994 | 8081675 |
| [discovery and clinical investigation of lyme disease in beijing area]. | the investigation of lyme disease in beijing area is reported for the first time. the sera of 1314 local residents were examined by indirect immunofluorescent assay. 11.9% of them were seropositive to borrelia burgdorferi. the principal vector was haemapsysalis longicornis. six strains of b. burgdorferi were isolated from ticks or patients using modified bsk medium. spirochetes were found in 5 of 30 patients' skin biopsy samples. penicillin or ceftriaxone was used to treat the patients, and the ... | 1994 | 8082132 |
| individualisation of two new genomic groups among american borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains. | we developed a quick typing method for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains using a fla gene-based pcr assay, followed by dot blot hybridization with non-radioactive species-specific probes. thirty-six out of 46 strains belonged to one of the four described species (b. burgdorferi sensu stricto n = 11, b. garinii n = 11, b. afzelii n = 9 and b. japonica n = 5) and hybridized with its own species-specific probe. among the 10 remaining american strains, two new additional genomic groups were id ... | 1994 | 8082831 |
| lyme disease with concurrent ehrlichiosis. | lyme disease constitutes a major health hazard with an increased incidence throughout the united states, in particular the eastern states. human ehrlichiosis, also a tick-borne illness, has recently been identified. it is characterized by fever, headache, malaise, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzyme titers, and has been reported to occur mainly in the south central and south atlantic states. as with lyme disease, most patients have a history of tick exposure. these two diseas ... | 1994 | 8083066 |
| killing of borrelia burgdorferi by macrophages is dependent on oxygen radicals and nitric oxide and can be enhanced by antibodies to outer surface proteins of the spirochete. | interaction of b. burgdorferi organisms with mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmm phi) leads to phagocytosis of microorganisms, induction of nitric oxide (no) and superoxide radicals (o2-) by bmm phi and killing of spirochetes. destruction of spirochetes by bmm phi was quantified by a new method based on the release of radioactivity from spirochetes pre-labelled with [3h]adenine. uptake of b. burgdorferi by bmm phi, which mainly occurs by coiling phagocytosis, generation of no and o2- radi ... | 1994 | 8088871 |
| disarming lyme disease. | antibiotics are usually curative. a vaccine is in clinical trials. next on the research agenda: how to help people suffering from chronic symptoms. | 1994 | 8091189 |
| primary cutaneous immunocytoma. a b-cell lymphoma that can easily be mistaken for cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. | it has been estimated that immunocytomas comprise roughly 2% of all cutaneous lymphomas. we studied five patients with primary cutaneous immunocytomas who presented with cutaneous nodules or plaques. many of the infiltrates were "top-heavy" and polymorphous with admixed eosinophils, macrophages, lymphoid follicles, and non-neoplastic lymphocytes. other potentially confusing findings were one case each of spongiotic dermatitis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis. the neoplastic cells were often situa ... | 1994 | 8092399 |
| balance of synovial fluid il-1 beta and il-1 receptor antagonist and recovery from lyme arthritis. | borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, is a potent inducer of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), a cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. the balance between il-1 and the il-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra), a naturally occurring inhibitor of il-1, might influence disease expression. to explore this possibility, we have done a retrospective study that compared the clinical course of lyme arthritis in 83 patients with concentrations of il-1 beta and il-1 ... | 1993 | 8093746 |
| infections in an alpine environment: antibodies to hantaviruses, leptospira, rickettsiae, and borrelia burgdorferi in defined italian populations. | from 1987 to 1991, a seroepidemiologic survey for antibodies to hantaviruses, leptospira, rickettsiae, and borrelia was conducted in selected italian population groups. in the mountainous areas of northeastern italy, the prevalence of antibody to hantaviruses, as detected by indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) assay, was 7.1%, 4.8%, 4.3%, and 4% in 265 forestry workers, 82 rangers, 395 farmers, and 75 hunters, respectively. among 299 alpine soldiers, the prevalence was lower (0.7%). of tho ... | 1993 | 8093990 |
| acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans: a chronic t-cell-mediated immune reaction against borrelia burgdorferi? clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical study of five cases. | acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) is a late manifestation of infection caused by borrelia burgdorferi. | 1993 | 8095272 |
| molecular mimicry in lyme disease: monoclonal antibody h9724 to b. burgdorferi flagellin specifically detects chaperonin-hsp60. | a monoclonal antibody (h9724), specific for the 41-kda flagellar protein of the lyme disease pathogen borrelia burgdorferi, cross-reacts with human axons and detects one major protein in human neuroblastoma cell extracts. the homologous cross-reacting protein has now been isolated from calf adrenal and identified as chaperonin-hsp60 by n-terminal sequencing. | 1993 | 8096152 |
| genetic heterogenity of the genes coding for the outer surface protein c (ospc) and the flagellin of borrelia burgdorferi. | the ospc gene coding for the outer surface protein ospc and the fla gene coding for the flagellin have been investigated in three different borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains. these strains (the north american strain b31 and the european strains pko and pbi) derive from various biological sources (lxodes dammini, human skin and human csf) and belong to three different b. burgdorferi ospa serotypes and genospecies (ospa serotype 1, b. burgdorferi sensu stricto; ospa serotype 2, group vs461 a ... | 1993 | 8098841 |
| immune recognition of human hsp60 by lyme disease patient sera. | members of the hsp60 family of microbial heat shock proteins frequently serve as immunodominant antigens and immunological responses to these highly conserved proteins have been implicated in the pathology of a number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory processes associated with microbial infection. in the present study, sera from patients with lyme disease were examined by western blot analysis for the presence of igg against borrelia burgdorferi antigens and for autoreactive igg against re ... | 1993 | 8100982 |
| cross immunity among types of borrelia burgdorferi. | | 1993 | 8101930 |
| isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from myocardium. | | 1993 | 8102439 |
| linear chromosomal physical and genetic map of borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease agent. | a physical map of the 952 kbp chromosome of borrelia burgdorferi sh-2-82 has been constructed. eighty-three intervals on the chromosome, defined by the cleavage sites of 15 restriction enzymes, are delineated. the intervals vary in size from 96 kbp to a few hundred bp, with an average size of 11.5 kbp. a striking feature of the map is its linearity; no other bacterial groups are known to have linear chromosomes. the two ends of the chromosome do not hybridize with one another, indicating that th ... | 1993 | 8102774 |
| molecular and immunological characterization of a novel polymorphic lipoprotein of borrelia burgdorferi. | we describe the cloning, expression, and molecular characterization of a novel polymorphic borrelia burgdorferi lipoprotein recognized by monoclonal antibody la7. sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame encoding a 21,866-da polypeptide (ipla7). comparison with other known proteins indicated sequence similarity between ipla7 signal peptides and those of other prokaryotic lipoproteins, including the immunodominant b. burgdorferi outer surface proteins ospa, ospb, pc, and ospd. both natura ... | 1993 | 8104894 |
| genotypic and phenotypic diversity among nine swiss isolates of borrelia burgdorferi. | nine strains of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from ticks in the canton of valais (switzerland) were characterized genotypically by determining restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) and plasmid profiles. the strains were also compared with respect to presence and electrophoretic mobility of the outer surface proteins ospa and ospb, and immunoreactivity of ospa and a 12 kd antigen. by both approaches, three different patterns were observed resulting in identical grouping of the strains. ... | 1993 | 8106023 |
| first isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from an iris biopsy. | the persistence of borrelia burgdorferi in six patients is described. borrelia burgdorferi has been cultivated from iris biopsy, skin biopsy, and cerebrospinal fluid also after antibiotic therapy for lyme borreliosis. lyme serology: igg antibodies to b. burgdorferi were positive, igm negative in four patients; in two patients both igm and igg were negative. antibiotic therapy may abrogate the antibody response to the infection as shown by our results. patients may have subclinical or clinical di ... | 1993 | 8106639 |
| antibody responses to the three genomic groups of borrelia burgdorferi in european lyme borreliosis. | the antibody responses to the three genomic groups of borrelia burgdorferi (b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia garinii, and borrelia afzelii) were determined in 97 german patients with various manifestations of lyme borreliosis. the geometric mean antibody titers in each patient group, determined by elisa, were similar with each antigen preparation. by western blotting, however, patients with meningopolyneuritis tended to respond to more spirochetal polypeptides of b. garinii, the group 2 st ... | 1994 | 8106763 |
| differential association of borrelia species with cultured neural cells. | studies of the interactions of relapsing fever borrelia species with cultured neural cells have not been reported. in the present work, the interaction of the relapsing fever agents borrelia hermsii and borrelia turicatae with cultured neural and endothelial cells was studied and compared with borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease. all borrelia species bound each cell type tested. host cell association was time-dependent and saturable. with the exception of human neuron cells, b. herms ... | 1994 | 8106781 |
| lyme disease in the uk: epidemiology, clinical presentations and diagnosis. | | 1994 | 8107065 |
| prevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, borrelia parkeri and borrelia turicatae in human settlements of the cordillera province, bolivia. | a seroepidemiological study to determine the prevalence of human lyme borreliosis and tick-borne relapsing fever was carried out in three communities (camiri, boyuibe and gutierrez) of the cordillera province, santa cruz department, south-eastern bolivia. anti-b. burgdorferi, anti-b. turicatae and anti-b. parkeri antibodies, tested by the indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa), were detected in 10.8, 16.1 and 8.2% of the serum samples tested, and confirmed by ifa-abs in 1.3, 1.3 and 1.0%, respec ... | 1994 | 8107167 |
| polymerase chain reaction amplification of culture supernatants for rapid detection of borrelia burgdorferi. | a combination of culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification was employed to detect borrelia burgdorferi in in vitro cultures of skin biopsy specimens. spirochetes were observed by microscopic examination in 56% (20/36) of the cultures from patients with erythema migrans who had not received prior antibiotic treatment. no growth of borrelia burgdorferi was detected in control cultures or those from patients who had received antibiotics. pcr analysis of culture supernatants agreed w ... | 1993 | 8112365 |
| borrelia burgdorferi bind to epithelial cell proteoglycans. | borrelia burgdorferi adhere to mammalian cells in vitro but neither the ligand(s) nor the receptor(s) has (have) been clearly established. using an in vitro attachment-inhibition assay, a b. burgdorferi attachment mechanism has been identified. heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate reduced the attachment of virulent b. burgdorferi strain 297 to hela cells by approximately 60%. in addition, virulent, but not avirulent, b. burgdorferi strains b31, n40, and hb19 demonstrated heparin attach ... | 1994 | 8113413 |
| atrophoderma of pasini and pierini. clinical and histopathologic findings and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in thirty-four patients. | idiopathic atrophoderma of pasini and pierini (iapp) is a distinctive form of dermal atrophy, usually appearing as one or more sharply demarcated depressed areas. little is known about the clinical variants of iapp, and limited data are available on antibiotic therapy for this condition. | 1994 | 8113457 |
| [zoonoses transmitted by ticks in forest workers (tick-borne encephalitis and lyme borreliosis): preliminary results]. | in order to investigate the diffusion of infections transmitted by ticks (tbe and lyme borreliosis) in forest workers, a serological investigation was carried out in the province of trento (northern italy) on the sera of 465 subjects at potential risk (foresters, hunters, woodcutters, gamekeepers). antibodies for tbe virus were found in 5 subjects (1.07%) working in the same area, and antibodies for borrelia burgdorferi were found in 15 subjects (3%). all three clinical cases of tbe identified i ... | 1993 | 8114653 |
| an evaluation of media for transport of tissues infected with borrelia burgdorferi. | currently, the best medium for culture of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, is barbour-stoenner-kelly (bsk), or its modifications. this medium is complex, expensive, and laborious to prepare. a recent report suggested that a less expensive and simpler medium, hypertonic columbia broth, might be useful as a transport medium for human tissues infected with b burgdorferi. to test this observation, hypertonic columbia broth, amies broth, distilled water, physiologic saline, ... | 1994 | 8116569 |
| serological survey for borrelia burgdorferi infection in cattle in southern hokkaido. | by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were examined in 970 cattle from southern hokkaido, japan. the seropositivity rate in the cattle less than 2 years old differed significantly from that in those 3 years old or more. a seasonal variation was also observed in the rate of seropositivity to b. burgdorferi. high levels of anti-b. burgdorferi antibody were detected even in sera from a healthy group of cattle, indicating that there are likely ... | 1993 | 8117816 |
| successful amplification of dna specific for finnish borrelia burgdorferi isolates in erythema chronicum migrans but not in circumscribed scleroderma lesions. | early diagnosis of borrelia burgdorferi infection, hampered by the absence of detectable antibodies in most patients with erythema chronicum migrans is important to prevent late-stage neurologic, rheumatologic, and skin disorders. furthermore, b. burgdorferi has been claimed to be the causative agent in localized scleroderma (morphea). we used pcr amplification to search for b. burgdorferi outer surface protein ospa-specific sequences in dna obtained from lesional skin biopsies on finnish patien ... | 1994 | 8120417 |
| sequence variation in the outer-surface-protein genes of borrelia burgdorferi. | borrelia burgdorferi is a spirochete pathogen transmitted among warm-blooded hosts by ixodid ticks. frequency-dependent selection for variant outer-surface proteins might be expected to arise in this species, since rare variants are more likely to avoid immune surveillance in previously infected hosts. we sequenced the ospa and ospb genes of nine north american strains and compared them with nine strains previously described. for each gene, the mean number of synonymous substitutions per synonym ... | 1994 | 8121286 |
| false positive elisa serologic test for lyme borreliosis in patients with connective tissue diseases. | three patients are reported with false positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, respectively associated with undifferentiated connective tissue disease or systemic lupus erythematosus. these cases further document that lyme serology should be interpreted with caution and within the clinical context. | 1993 | 8124917 |
| [reinfection with borrelia burgdorferi in an immunocompetent patient]. | a 54-year-old patient with an intact immune system developed lyme disease three times within 4 years. the first time an erythema migrans occurred, which was successfully treated with oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 20 days). specific antibodies were subsequently demonstrated. re-infection nonetheless occurred a year later, again as erythema migrans. oral doxycycline in higher dosage (three times 100 mg daily for 20 days) failed to prevent generalization of the infection with rigor, head ... | 1994 | 8125037 |
| enhancement of borrelia burgdorferi pcr by uracil n-glycosylase. | uracil dna glycosylases are dna repair enzymes present in virtually every organism. these enzymes function by excising from dna uracil residues resulting from either misincorporation of dump residues by a dna polymerase or deamination of cytosine. recently, the enzyme has been exploited in pcrs as a means for controlling carryover contamination from previously amplified dna. when the enzyme is used in amplifications of borrelia burgdorferi target sequences, we have observed an enhancement in sig ... | 1994 | 8126168 |
| maintenance of infective borrelia burgdorferi sh-2-82 in 4% oxygen - 5% carbon dioxide in vitro. | the infectivity of borrelia burgdorferi depends on the number of passages in barbour-stoenner-kelly (bsk-ii) medium in ambient air. in this study the parameters of medium formulation or o2-co2 atmosphere were altered to define conditions that would retain borrelial infectivity upon serial passage. the infective strain sh-2-82 was passaged 20 times in bsk-ii and bsk-a (a modified bsk-ii medium) in ambient o2-co2 and bsk-ii in 4% o2 - 5% co2 - 91% n2. spirochetes of every fifth passage were inocul ... | 1993 | 8131108 |
| the molecular diagnosis of cutaneous infection. | molecular biologic techniques are having an impact on many different aspects of medicine. in the realm of infectious agents, they are enhancing our diagnostic capabilities, allowing earlier detection of infection, avoiding the need of culturing infectious agents for the purpose of diagnosis, and broadening our concepts to include the presence of infection in the absence of a culturable agent or serologic evidence of infection. as one might expect, the applicability of these techniques varies wit ... | 1993 | 8132874 |
| a distinctive property of tth dna polymerase: enzymatic amplification in the presence of phenol. | the ability of thermostable dna polymerases to mediate template-dependent dna synthesis in the presence of phenol has been examined as monitored by amplification of a specific borrelia burgdorferi rrna sequence. tth dna polymerase displayed the unique property of maintaining both dna- and rna-dependent dna polymerase activities in the presence of 2%-5% (vol/vol) of phenol-saturated pbs buffer. tth dna polymerase mediated reverse transcriptase activity was unaffected by phenol-saturated phosphate ... | 1994 | 8136148 |
| linear dna of borrelia species and antigenic variation. | members of the genus borrelia may be unique among prokaryotic organisms in having a polyploid genome that is mostly linear. the smaller linear duplex replicons in these organisms have been called plasmids, but there is justification for designating them minichromosomes instead. the antigenic identities of the agents of lyme disease and relapsing fever are largely determined by these extrachromosomal genes. | 1993 | 8137122 |
| laboratory tests for lyme disease. | the laboratory diagnosis of lyme disease has been problematic because of the lack of sufficient sensitivity and specificity of the many tests used as well as the lack of interlaboratory standardization in the performance of these tests. although helpful, the laboratory tests can only serve to support the clinical findings in making the diagnosis of active lyme disease, the exception being a positive culture of borrelia burgdorferi. | 1994 | 8143381 |
| lyme disease: a growing threat to urban populations. | lyme disease or lyme borreliosis, which is caused by three groups of the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted in north america, europe, and asia by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. the primary areas around the world that are now affected by lyme disease are near the terminal moraine of the glaciers 15,000 years ago. the emergence of lyme disease in the united states in this century is thought to have occurred because of ecological conditions favorable for deer. from 1982 through 1 ... | 1994 | 8146126 |
| [incidence of borrelia burgdorferi in scale ticks ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in the brandenburg district]. | | 1994 | 8147027 |
| field trial of an outer surface protein a (ospa) antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes scapularis. | field-collected adult male ixodes scapularis from westchester county, new york were bisected and borrelia burgdorferi infection rates were ascertained by both a direct fluorescent antibody test and an outer surface protein a (ospa) antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). both assays gave identical antigen positivity rates with 89% concordance between the two assays. storing dried ticks before elisa analysis had no significant effect on the ability of the elisa to determine the ... | 1994 | 8147494 |
| borrelia burgdorferi reactivity in patients with severe persistent fatigue who are from a region in which lyme disease is endemic. | borrelia burgdorferi is the pathogen that causes lyme disease. patients frequently experience fatigue and malaise that can persist after antibiotic treatment. this study examined serological reactivity to b. burgdorferi in patients with chronic fatigue who were from a region in which lyme disease is endemic. blood and csf were collected from patients without a history of infection due to b. burgdorferi (n = 12) and patients with persistent fatigue after antibiotic treatment of lyme disease (n = ... | 1994 | 8148448 |
| isolation of borrelia burgdorferi in british columbia. | | 1993 | 8148784 |
| lyme disease: seroprevalence and vector survey in southern alberta. | | 1993 | 8148785 |
| lyme disease: a search for a causative agent in ticks in south-eastern australia. | attempts were made to identify the causative organism of lyme disease in australia from possible tick vectors. ticks were collected in coastal areas of new south wales, australia, from localities associated with putative human infections. the ticks were dissected; a portion of the gut contents was examined for spirochaetes by microscopy, the remaining portion inoculated into culture media. the detection of spirochaetes in culture was performed using microscopy, and immunochemical and molecular ( ... | 1994 | 8150011 |
| natural infections with borrelia spirochetes in two dogs from florida. | spirochetemia is a rarely reported observation in dogs. we describe the clinical, hematologic, and immunodiagnostic features of two spirochetemic dogs from northern florida and the subsequent isolation and preliminary characterization of a borrelia species from one dog in which culture of a sample for spirochetes was attempted. results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, monoclonal antibody testing, and pcr analysis indicate that the florida isolate is not borrelia burgdorferi, the only other ... | 1994 | 8150943 |
| monoclonal antibody to native p39 protein from borrelia burgdorferi. | we have produced, by using a sonicate of borrelia burgdorferi, a monoclonal antibody (mab), nysp39h, that is specific for the p39 protein band. this mab reacted with 13 isolates of b. burgdorferi but not with eight different spirochetes (four borrelias, two leptospiras, and two treponemas). surface labeling of b. burgdorferi with biotin and subsequent treatment with nonidet p-40 showed that p39 was not biotinylated but was extracted with nonidet p-40, indicating that it is present within the out ... | 1994 | 8150952 |
| serologic surveillance for the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, in minnesota by using white-tailed deer as sentinel animals. | to determine the effectiveness of white-tailed deer as sentinel animals in serologic surveillance programs for borrelia burgdorferi, we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western immunoblotting analyses on 467 deer serum samples. the seropositivity rate in the elisa was 5% for the 150 samples collected at the three sites in which the tick ixodes scapularis was absent. the three sites with established i. scapularis populations had a seropositivity rate of 80% for 317 samples. ... | 1994 | 8150955 |
| lyme disease: the sensible pursuit of answers. | | 1994 | 8150983 |
| seroreactivity to borrelia burgdorferi antigens in the absence of lyme disease. | to determine the background levels and specificity of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi by western blot (immunoblot) in an area nonendemic for lyme disease, and to correlate antibody specificity with clinical or serologic findings. | 1994 | 8151567 |
| diagnosis of lyme borreliosis: non-specific serological reactions with borrelia burgdorferi sonicate antigen caused by igg2 antibodies. | elisa methods that measure igg class antibodies to sonicated borrelia burgdorferi may give false positive results. these errors could be traced to non-specific reactivity in subclass igg2 in several instances. sera were sampled randomly from two adult populations, which differed in having a high and low incidence of lyme disease. if the binding of igg2 subclass antibodies was left unrecorded in the test by the use of monoclonal reagent antibodies selective for igg1 and igg3, the frequency of pos ... | 1994 | 8151682 |
| experimental infection of columbian black-tailed deer with the lyme disease spirochete. | the course of borrelia burgdorferi-infection in columbian black-tailed deer. (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), its effect on the health of these animals, and their reservoir competence for fleas were evaluated experimentally. four yearling females inoculated intramuscularly with 10(8) organisms of the ca4 strain of b. burgdorferi, and two yearling males unexposed to spirochetes, were monitored daily for 3 mo. spirochetes were reisolated from the blood of three does at 14 or 70 days postinjectio ... | 1994 | 8151819 |
| antibody prevalence of eight ruminant infectious diseases in california mule and black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus). | we tested 276 sera from 18 free-ranging black-tailed and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) herds in california (usa) collected from 1987 to 1991 in five biogeographical habitat types, for antibodies against eight infectious disease agents. overall antibody prevalence was 56% for anaplasma marginale, 31% for borrelia burgdorferi, 16% for bluetongue virus serotype 17, 15% for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, 7% for coxiella burnetii and toxoplasma gondii, respectively, and 0% for bovine leukosis ... | 1994 | 8151824 |
| [lyme disease. case contribution and review of the literature]. | lyme borreliosis is a systemic disease. the etiologic agent is a tick-bite borne spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) of which men are casual hosts. although the illness is reported worldwide, it is more frequent in the northern parts of countries. some isolated clinical pictures are reported in the past, but only in 1975 the illness was well described at old lyme (connecticut, usa) and then well defined in its pathogenesis and clinical course in three stages. lyme disease, involving skin, heart, n ... | 1994 | 8152578 |