| focus. what is the significance of hepatitis e as a public health threat in the industrialized countries? hepatitis e virus infection in italy. | | 2010 | 20952083 |
| investigation of an epidemic of hepatitis e in nellore in south india. | to determine the incidence of acute hepatitis because of hepatitis e virus (hev) and the source of the epidemic in nellore in south india in 2008. | 2010 | 20955497 |
| evidence of hepatitis e virus exposure among seronegative healthy residents of an endemic area. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is endemic in the indian subcontinent. detection of serum anti-hev igg has traditionally been used to determine prior exposure to this virus. we studied hev-specific recall immune responses in healthy subjects with and without detectable anti-hev igg. | 2010 | 20962536 |
| hepatitis e: water, water everywhere - now a global disease. | | 2010 | 20970217 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in sheltered homeless persons, france. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among sheltered homeless persons in marseille, france, we retrospectively tested 490 such persons. a total of 11.6% had immunoglobulin (ig) g and 2.5% had igm against hev; 1 person had hev genotype 3f. injection drug use was associated with igg against hev. | 2010 | 21029538 |
| diagnosis of acute hepatitis e by antibody and molecular testing: a study on 277 suspected cases. | acute hepatitis due to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is both indigenous and imported to europe. few studies provide information about the role of hev as an agent for acute hepatitis in spain. | 2010 | 21035388 |
| novel risk factors associated with hepatitis e virus infection in a large outbreak in northern uganda: results from a case-control study and environmental analysis. | an outbreak of hepatitis e virus (hev) began in october 2007 in northern uganda. to determine risk factors and sources for ongoing transmission, we conducted both a case-control study and an environmental investigation. a case patient was defined as having serologic evidence of hev infection, whereas controls were seronegative. we identified risk factors for infection by univariable and multivariable analyses using conditional logistic regression. several water sources were tested for hev rna. a ... | 2010 | 21036857 |
| partial graft recovery following eradication of hepatitis e virus infection after successful islet allograft transplantation. | | 2010 | 21039943 |
| phylogenetic analysis of dna sequences based on the generalized pseudo-amino acid composition. | the main work of this paper is to propose a new theory and method, which is based on the idea of the pseudo-amino acid composition, for phylogenetic analysis of dna primary sequences. in our method, we revise the part of the occurrence frequency of 20 amino acids in the method of the pseudo-amino acid composition by replacing the frequency of 16 dinucleotides. and we select eight lz complexity factors of eight (0,1) sequences of a dna primary sequence as pseaa components. finally, we characteriz ... | 2010 | 21040733 |
| profile of acute infectious markers in sporadic hepatitis e. | laboratory diagnosis of acute infection of hepatitis e virus (hev) is commonly based on the detection of hev rna, igm and/or rising igg levels. however, the profile of these markers when the patients present have not been well determined. to clarify the extent of misdiagnosed sporadic hepatitis e in the initial laboratory detection, serial sera of 271 sporadic acute hepatitis cases were collected, detected and the dynamics of each acute marker during the illness course were analyzed. 91 confirme ... | 2010 | 21042408 |
| comparison of muscle fluid and serum for detection of antibodies against hepatitis e virus in slaughter pigs. | muscle fluid was investigated as an alternative to serum for detecting anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies in slaughter pigs. samples of serum and diaphragmatic muscle juice from 67 pigs were analysed by anti-hev igg elisa. compared to the serum elisa, the elisa on diaphragmatic muscle fluid had a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 91.7%, a κ value of 0.84 and a determination coefficient (r(2)) of 0.77; both tests had global agreement of results. muscle fluid can be used as an alternative ... | 2010 | 21044852 |
| hepatitis e virus. | | 2009 | 21048820 |
| induction of neutralizing antibodies to hendra and nipah glycoproteins using a venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in vivo expression system. | the emergence of hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) which can cause fatal infections in both animals and humans has triggered a search for an effective vaccine. here, we have explored the potential for generating an effective humoral immune response to these zoonotic pathogens using an alphavirus-based vaccine platform. groups of mice were immunized with venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (vrps) encoding the attachment or fusion glycoproteins of either hev or niv. we d ... | 2010 | 21050901 |
| [comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics of viral hepatitis a and e in montenegro]. | hepatitis e has many similarities in with hepatitis a concerning clinical picture, route of transmission and nonexistence of chronicity. comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with hepatitis a and e to estimate characteristics of these diseases. | 2010 | 21053456 |
| comparison of effects of hepatitis e or a viral superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis b. | to compare the demographics, liver function, and prognosis of chinese patients infected with chronic hepatitis b (chb) and superinfected with hepatitis e virus (hev) or hepatitis a virus (hav). | 2010 | 21063485 |
| a psap motif in the orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus is necessary for virion release from infected cells. | we have previously demonstrated that the release of hepatitis e virus (hev) from infected cells depended on orf3 protein, which harbours one or two psap motifs. to elucidate the psap motif(s) in the orf3 protein during virion egress, five psap mutants derived from an infectious genotype 3 cdna clone of pje03-1760f/wt that can grow efficiently in plc/prf/5 cells were analysed. four mutants, including mutlsap, mutpsal, mutlsal (the substituted amino acids in the authentic psap motif are underlined ... | 2010 | 21068219 |
| spatial configuration of hepatitis e virus antigenic domain. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen that causes acute hepatitis. when an hev capsid protein containing a 52-amino-acid deletion at the c terminus and a 111-amino-acid deletion at the n terminus is expressed in insect cells, the recombinant hev capsid protein can self-assemble into a t=1 virus-like particle (vlp) that retains the antigenicity of the native hev virion. in this study, we used cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction to show that anti-hev monoclonal antibodies bind t ... | 2010 | 21068233 |
| a functional henipavirus envelope glycoprotein pseudotyped lentivirus assay system. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are newly emerged zoonotic paramyxoviruses discovered during outbreaks in queensland, australia in 1994 and peninsular malaysia in 1998/9 respectively and classified within the new henipavirus genus. both viruses can infect a broad range of mammalian species causing severe and often-lethal disease in humans and animals, and repeated outbreaks continue to occur. extensive laboratory studies on the host cell infection stage of hev and niv and the roles of t ... | 2010 | 21073718 |
| first report of an autochthonous hepatitis e virus genotype 3 infection in a 5 month old female child in germany. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is well-known to cause endemic outbreaks of hepatitis in tropical countries, mostly caused by hev genotypes 1 or 2 and transmitted from humans to humans via the fecal-oral route. in contrast, hev genotypes 3 or 4 are commonly encountered as sporadic cases in a non-endemic setting; these autochthonous cases are transmitted from animals to humans and commonly affect elderly male subjects. we report a five-month-old caucasian girl presenting with diarrhea, emesis, and elevat ... | 2010 | 21084220 |
| unexpected elevated alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase levels and hepatitis e virus infection among persons who work with pigs in accra, ghana. | several studies have suggested that elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) and asparte aminotransferase (ast) may be markers of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. thus, individuals with elevated alt and ast may have ongoing subclinical infection of hev. we estimated the prevalence of anti-hev antibodies and serum alt and ast levels among persons who work with pigs in accra, ghana. | 2010 | 21092196 |
| increasing contact with hepatitis e virus in red deer, spain. | to describe the epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev) in red deer in mainland spain, we tested red deer for hev rna and antibodies. overall, 10.4% and 13.6% of serum samples were positive by elisa and reverse transcription-pcr, respectively. the increasing prevalence suggests a potential risk for humans. | 2010 | 21122241 |
| hepatitis e virus replication involves alternating negative- and positive-sense rna synthesis. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major cause of epidemic hepatitis and many outbreaks of sporadic hepatitis. the virus responsible has a single-stranded, positive-sense rna. its replication and the regulatory process involved therein are poorly understood. much of the hev biology studied has been done by using full-length capped rna transcripts (replicons) and transient transfections in cell cultures. we investigated replicon replication using negative-sense strand-specific molecular beacons in li ... | 2010 | 21123540 |
| hepatitis e virus in swine and effluent samples from slaughterhouses in brazil. | hepatitis e is an infectious disease which virus (hev) is highly disseminated in swine herd populations. sporadic acute human hepatitis e cases have been associated to genotype 3 and 4 strains of hev also reported in swine populations of endemic and non-endemic areas. with the aim to evaluate the incidence of animals with current infection of hev, 115 bile samples were collected from three slaughterhouses under inspection by animal sanitary protection agency of rio de janeiro, brazil. in paralle ... | 2010 | 21129863 |
| the first case of genotype 4 hepatitis e related to wild boar in south korea. | several cases of serologically diagnosed hepatitis e have been reported in south korea; however, there have been no documented cases of zoonotic transmission with virologic characterization of hepatitis e virus (hev). we report on a sporadic case of autochthonous acute hepatitis e after ingestion of raw bile juice obtained from a wild boar living on a domestic mountain in a southern part of korea. it is the first case of hepatitis e acquired through presumably zoonotic transmission, which was ve ... | 2010 | 21130029 |
| prevalence of nucleic acid sequences specific for human parvoviruses, hepatitis a and hepatitis e viruses in coagulation factor concentrates. | due to their high resistance to inactivation procedures, nonenveloped viruses such as parvovirus b19, human bocavirus (hbov), human parvovirus 4 (parv4), hepatitis a (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) pose a particular threat to blood products. virus transmission to patients treated with blood products presents an additional burden to disease. we determined the frequency and the amount of nucleic acid specific for nonenveloped viruses in recently manufactured preparations of commercial coagulatio ... | 2010 | 21133933 |
| acute hepatitis due to hepatitis e virus genotype 1 as an imported infectious disease in japan. | an 18-year-old nepalese man was admitted due to general malaise and anorexia a month after coming to japan. laboratory tests showed elevation of transaminase and positivity for igm anti-hev antibody. serum hev rna was detected by rt-pcr amplifications. an hev genome phylogenetic tree, constructed using an 821-nucleotide sequence in the open reading frame 1, indicated that the genotype was 1. hev genotype 1 is epidemic in south asia, africa and south america, and the incidence of acute hepatitis ... | 2010 | 21139302 |
| adaptive immune responses during acute uncomplicated and fulminant hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is endemic in several developing countries. clinical manifestations of this infection vary widely from asymptomatic infection to uncomplicated acute viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure. the pathogenesis of this disease and the reason of varying disease severity remain unknown. in viral infections, tissue injury can be caused either by virus itself or by host immune responses directed against infected cells. we therefore studied adaptive immune response ... | 2011 | 21143520 |
| high viral load and deregulation of the progesterone receptor signaling pathway: association with hepatitis e-related poor pregnancy outcome. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is associated with high maternal and fetal mortalities. a prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the role of viral and host factors in hev related pregnancy outcomes. | 2010 | 21145845 |
| analysis of epitopes in the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus by using monoclonal antibodies. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) is related genetically and antigenically to human and swine hevs and capsid protein of avian hev shares approximately 48-49% amino acid sequence identities with those of human and swine hevs. six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced and used to locate different epitopes in the orf2 region of aa 339-570 of avian hev chinese isolate. the results showed that five epitopes were located in the aa 339-414 region and one in the aa 510-515 region. two epitopes located ... | 2010 | 21146559 |
| molecular characterization of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 using the 5' untranslated region and vp1 region. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cva16) are members of the species human enterovirus a, and are both major and independent aetiological agents of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. the human enterovirus (hev) 5' untranslated region (utr) is fundamentally important for efficient virus replication and for virulence, whilst the vp1 region correlates well with antigenic typing by neutralization, and can be used for virus identification and evolutionary studies. a comparison was undertaken of ... | 2010 | 21148280 |
| studies of hepatitis e virus genotypes. | | 2010 | 21149996 |
| molecular analysis of swine hepatitis e virus from north india. | hepatitis e is the main cause of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in developing countries. in the developed countries such as the usa, japan and taiwan, the viruses infecting humans and swine share the same genotype with a high sequence similarity. genotype 1 circulates in humans whereas genotype 4 in pigs in india. the present study was designed to investigate the presence of anti-hev antibodies and hev-rna in swine population from north india, to investigate the genotype prevalen ... | 2010 | 21149998 |
| a single amino acid substitution changes antigenicity of orf2-encoded proteins of hepatitis e virus. | extensive genomic diversity has been observed among hepatitis e virus (hev) strains. however, the implication of the genetic heterogeneity on hev antigenic properties is uncertain. in this study, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against truncated orf2-encoded proteins (aa452-617, designated p166 proteins) derived from hev strains of burma (genotype 1a, p166bur), pakistan (1b, p166pak) and morocco (1c, p166mor) were raised and used for identification of hev antigenic diversity. six mabs reacted to th ... | 2010 | 21152284 |
| prevention of hepatitis e: another step forward. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is frequently implicated in cases with acute viral hepatitis, particularly in developing countries. the infection, transmitted mainly by the fecal-oral route, is generally self-limited. a few affected individuals develop fulminant hepatic failure, a serious condition that is frequently fatal without liver transplantation. this outcome is particularly common when the infection occurs in pregnant women. a vaccine that contains a recombinant truncated capsid protein of hev p ... | 2011 | 21162633 |
| [study on the prevalence and genotype of hepatitis e virus among commercial swine population in eastern and southern china.] | objective: to determine the prevalence and genotype of hepatitis e virus (hev) among commercial swine population in eastern and southern china. methods: six hundred specimens of swine bile collected from 5 slaughterhouses in eastern and southern china from 2007 to 2009 were tested for hev rna using nested rt-pcr. pcr products were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. results: forty-seven out of the 600 samples (7.83%) were positive for hev rna. based on the 150 nt fragment within hev orf2, data ... | 2010 | 21162845 |
| [hepatitis e virus: a new entity]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a rna enterically transmitted virus that causes large waterborne epidemics of acute hepatitis e in endemic regions (asia and africa). sporadic hepatitis e is an emerging disease in developed countries such as france. the majority of acute hepatitis e in france is indigenous (non travel-associated) and is due to infection with hev genotype 3. diagnosis is made on the presence of specific serum antibodies and on viral rna detection in serum or stools. characteristic path ... | 2010 | 21167429 |
| estimation of the likelihood of fecal-oral hev transmission among pigs. | sources for human hepatitis e virus (hev) infections of genotype 3 are largely unknown. pigs are potential animal reservoirs for hev. intervention at pig farms may be desired when pigs are confirmed as a source for human infections, requiring knowledge about transmission routes. these routes are currently understudied. the current study aims to quantify the likelihood of pig feces in causing new hev infections in pigs due to oral ingestion. we estimated the daily infection risk for pigs by model ... | 2010 | 21175717 |
| [phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus strains isolated from both human and swine in anqing city]. | to determine the genotype and phylogenetic characteristics of hepatitis e virus (hev) strains isolated from the human and swine in anqing city. | 2010 | 21176518 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus among swine and humans in two different ethnic communities in indonesia. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in swine and humans in different environments in java and bali, indonesia. the prevalence of anti-hev antibodies in people over 20 years old living in communities in bali was significantly higher than that in java. while 68.8% and 90.0% of swine in bali were anti-hev positive at 1 and 2 months of age, respectively, swine in java were at significantly lower risk of hev infection by the age of 2 months ... | 2010 | 21191625 |
| hepatitis e virus infection without reactivation in solid-organ transplant recipients, france. | infections with hepatitis e virus (hev) in solid-organ transplant recipients can lead to chronic hepatitis. however, the incidence of de novo hev infections after transplantation and risk for reactivation in patients with antibodies against hev before transplantation are unknown. pretransplant prevalence of these antibodies in 700 solid-organ transplant recipients at toulouse university hospital in france was 14.1%. we found no hev reactivation among patients with antibodies against hev at the f ... | 2011 | 21192851 |
| [systematics and biology of the hepatitis viruses. like disease - different viruses]. | | 2011 | 21194077 |
| [diagnosis and clinical features of infection with hepatitis a and hepatitis e viruses. transmission through drinking water and foodstuffs]. | | 2011 | 21194078 |
| [vaccines against viral hepatitis a to e. what do we have, what effect can they have?]. | | 2011 | 21194080 |
| [will a vaccine against hepatitis e soon be available?]. | | 2011 | 21194081 |
| intergenotypic chimeric hepatitis e viruses (hevs) with the genotype 4 human hev capsid gene in the backbone of genotype 3 swine hev are infectious in pigs. | genotypes 1 and 2 hepatitis e virus (hev) infect only humans whereas genotypes 3 and 4 hev infect both humans and pigs. to evaluate the mechanism of cross-species hev infection between humans and swine, in this study we constructed five intergenotypic chimeric viruses and tested for their infectivity in vitro and in pigs. we demonstrated that chimeric viruses containing the orf2 capsid gene either alone or in combination with its adjacent 5' junction region (jr) and 3' noncoding region (ncr) fro ... | 2010 | 21195119 |
| hepatitis e: historical, contemporary and future perspectives. | hepatitis e was suspected for the first time in 1980 during a waterborne epidemic of acute hepatitis in kashmir, india. in the 30 years since then, a small virus with single-stranded rna genome has been identified as the cause of this disease and named as hepatitis e virus (hev). the virus has four genotypes; of these, genotypes 1 and 2 are known to infect only humans, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 primarily infect other mammals, particularly pigs, but occasionally cause human disease. in highly-end ... | 2011 | 21199517 |
| evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted hepatropic virus. it segregates as four genotypes. all genotypes infect humans while only genotypes 3 and 4 also infect several animal species. it has been suggested that hepatitis e is zoonotic, but no study has analyzed the evolutionary history of hev. we present here an analysis of the evolutionary history of hev. | 2010 | 21203540 |
| the impact of human immunodeficiency virus on viral hepatitis. | the combination of antiretroviral (arv) therapies introduced at the end of the 1990s profoundly changed the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. liver diseases are one of the three primary causes of 'non-aids-related' death in people living with hiv for three reasons: the high prevalence of hepatotropic viral co-infections, the hepatotoxicity of arv drugs and new emerging liver diseases, including nodular regenerative hyperplasia and hepatitis e virus infection. the i ... | 2011 | 21205151 |
| proteomic analysis of swine hepatitis e virus (shev)-infected livers reveals upregulation of apolipoprotein and downregulation of ferritin heavy chain. | swine hepatitis e virus (shev) has been discovered to be almost ubiquitous in pigs, and is antigenically and genetically related to human hev. proteomic analysis was used to identify altered protein expression in swine liver, using two-dimensional electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. a total of 10 protein spots exhibited significant alterations in the shev-infected organ. the upregulation of apolipoprotein e (apo e) and downregulation of ferritin heavy chain were confirmed by western ... | 2011 | 21208291 |
| evaluation of human enteric viruses in surface water and drinking water resources in southern ghana. | an estimated 884 million people worldwide do not have access to an improved drinking water source, and the microbial quality of these sources is often unknown. in this study, a combined tangential flow, hollow fiber ultrafiltration (uf), and real-time pcr method was applied to large volume (100 l) groundwater (n = 4), surface water (n = 9), and finished (i.e., receiving treatment) drinking water (n = 6) samples for the evaluation of human enteric viruses and bacterial indicators. human enteric v ... | 2011 | 21212196 |
| hepatitis: hepatitis e vaccination--is hev 239 the breakthrough? | | 2011 | 21212772 |
| [status of enterovirus infection and molecular identification among healthy children at the areas bordering myanmar, in yunnan province, china.] | objective: to explore the enterovirus infection status among healthy children under 15 years old in the border areas of yunnan province that connecting myanmar. methods: a total of 319 stool samples were collected from healthy children in the 10 entrance ports. enterovirus was isolated from these stool samples and then poliovirus and adenovirus were serotyped by neutralization test using specific anti-sera. all the non-polio enteroviruses (npevs) were identified by partial sequencing of vp1 gene ... | 2010 | 21215081 |
| viral and antibody hev prevalence in swine at slaughterhouse in italy. | hepatitis e is an acute disease of humans caused by a small rna virus, hepatitis e virus (hev). in recent years, an increasing number of autochthonous human infections have been reported in industrialized countries. genotype 3 is the main hev type circulating in swine, and is also reported in sporadic cases of hepatitis e in humans worldwide. to date one serotype has been described. we have conducted a survey to detect antibodies against hev in 48 swine at a slaughterhouse in northern italy, usi ... | 2010 | 21216541 |
| viral hepatitis e outbreak in al-sadr city, baghdad, iraq. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in many developing countries. this study describes an outbreak of hev infection in al-sadr city, baghdad. blood samples obtained from patients with jaundice attending 19 primary health care centres in ai-sadr city during a 6-month period in 2005 were tested for hev. hev (igm) antibodies were detected in 38.1% of 268 patients. the association of hev infection with unacceptable residual chlorine concentrations and/or bacteriologically uns ... | 2010 | 21218735 |
| the use of bovine serum albumin to improve the rt-qpcr detection of foodborne viruses rinsed from vegetable surfaces. | to demonstrate that produce rinsates used for rt-qpcr detection of foodborne viruses may cause significant pcr inhibition and propose a means to reduce its impact on sensitivity. | 2011 | 21219370 |
| [epidemiological study on risk factors of hepatitis e in yantai, shandong province.] | objective: to study the prevalent characteristics and risk factors of viral hepatitis e in yantai and the relative for strategy on viral hepatitis e control in the area. methods: data on viral hepatitis e incidence reported by the notifiable infectious disease reporting system in 2005 - 2009 was analyzed. 2028 persons were chosen for hepatitis e virus (hev) antibody detection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. rt-npcr method was applied to obtain the sequence of hev in hev cases. a cas ... | 2010 | 21223678 |
| rna interference induces effective inhibition of mrna accumulation and protein expression of shev orf3 gene in vitro. | rna interference (rnai) provides a powerful promising approach to inhibit viral infection specifically. to explore the possibility of using rnai as a strategy against hev infection, which is a serious public health problem in developing countries of asia, middle east, africa, and in mexico, after the fusion protein expression plasmids pegfp-orf3 which contain the egfp reporter gene and shev orf3 as silencing target, were constructed; egfp-orf3 fusion protein expressing hek 293 cell lines were es ... | 2011 | 21225263 |
| [autochthonous hepatitis e-virus infection as cause of acute hepatitis in germany - a case report]. | there is an increasing body of evidence that hepatitis e virus (hev) triggers acute hepatitis not only in tropical and subtropical regions of asia, africa, and america with low sanitary standards but also in highly industrialized countries. we here report on two patients from thuringia (germany) with a hev infection without a recent stay abroad. all other common causes of hepatitis were excluded. transaminases were significantly increased in both cases, while icterus could be proven in one patie ... | 2011 | 21225537 |
| analysis of the full-length genome of a hepatitis e virus isolate obtained from a wild boar in japan that is classifiable into a novel genotype. | while performing a nationwide survey of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among 450 wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax) that had been captured in japan between november 2005 and march 2010, we found 16 boars (3.6%) with ongoing hev infection: 11 had genotype 3 hev, four had genotype 4 hev and the remaining boar was infected with hev of an unrecognized genotype (designated wbjoy_06). the entire wbjoy_06 genome was sequenced and was found to comprise 7246 nt excluding the poly(a) tail. the wbjoy_0 ... | 2011 | 21228128 |
| the serological prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis e virus in farmed rabbits in china. | we identified and characterized a novel virus, designated rabbit hepatitis e virus (hev), in rex rabbits farmed in china. rabbit hev is genetically related to but distinct from other known mammalian hevs and avian hev and may represent a novel genotype. to evaluate the spread and genetic variation of rabbit hev, a total of 1094 serum samples were collected from various breeds of rabbits across ten counties in china. all sera were screened for the presence of anti-hev antibody, hev antigen and vi ... | 2011 | 21232633 |
| viral hepatitis in solid organ transplantation other than liver. | transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage organ failure. hepatitis virus infections, mainly hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections still constitute a major problem because they are common in allograft recipients and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after transplantation. recently, hepatitis e virus infection has been added as an emergent cause of chronic hepatitis in organ transplantation. the prevalence of hbv and hcv infections has markedly d ... | 2011 | 21241754 |
| frequency of hev contamination in sewerage waters in pakistan. | enteric viruses, including hepatitis e virus (hev), are able to persist under environmental conditions and may cause public health problems by contaminating natural and drinking water resources. routine procedures for monitoring viruses in water samples have not been established for the water microbiology screening panel. | 2010 | 21252466 |
| cross-species infections of cultured cells by hepatitis e virus and discovery of an infectious virus-host recombinant. | the rna virus, hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most or second-most important cause of acute clinical hepatitis in adults throughout much of asia, the middle east, and africa. in these regions it is an important cause of acute liver failure, especially in pregnant women who have a mortality rate of 20-30%. until recently, hepatitis e was rarely identified in industrialized countries, but hepatitis e now is reported increasingly throughout western europe, some eastern european countries, and japan. ... | 2011 | 21262830 |
| [acute hepatitis secondary to hepatitis e. report of two cases from a population of high socioeconomic level lima]. | we describe two cases with acute hepatitis of patients who live at lima, peru and have a high socio-economic status. the first case, is a 58 years old female with asthenia, jaundice, coluria and pruritus. the physical exam revealed jaundice and laboratory exams revealed transaminasemia (ast= 1754, alt= 2680) and hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin= 7.98, direct bilirubin=7.03). furthering serologic tests, revealed a positive test for anti-hepatitis e virus igm and igg. all the symptoms were remi ... | 2010 | 21263764 |
| autoimmune fulminant liver failure in adults: experience in a japanese center. | aim: after the establishment of the international criteria of autoimmune hepatitis (aih) in 1999 and the recognition of acute onset aih, the diagnosis of patients with fulminant type of aih came to be made. we diagnosed autoimmune fulminant liver failure based on the criteria, and discussed the etiology of fulminant hepatitis (fh) and late onset hepatic failure (lohf), and the characteristics of autoimmune fulminant liver failure. methods: we investigated the etiology of 95 consecutive adult p ... | 2011 | 21269383 |
| acute autochthonous hepatitis e in western patients with underlying chronic liver disease: a role for ribavirin? | | 2011 | 21281681 |
| gene expression profiles of t cells from hepatitis e virus infected patients in acute and resolving phase. | approximately 50% of acute viral hepatitis in young adults and in pregnant women is due to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in developing countries. t cell-mediated immune injury probably plays a key role in the pathogenesis of acute hepatitis illness. however, there is a paucity of data on the global gene expression programs activated on t cells, which are subsequently responsible for t cell recruitment to the liver and triggering of immune injury. | 2011 | 21287396 |
| hepatitis e virus and neurologic disorders. | information about the spectrum of disease caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is emerging. during 2004-2009, at 2 hospitals in the united kingdom and france, among 126 patients with locally acquired acute and chronic hev genotype 3 infection, neurologic complications developed in 7 (5.5%): inflammatory polyradiculopathy (n = 3), guillain-barre syndrome (n = 1), bilateral brachial neuritis (n = 1), encephalitis (n = 1), and ataxia/proximal myopathy (n = 1). three cases occurred in nonimm ... | 2011 | 21291585 |
| analysing complete genome sequence of swine hepatitis e virus (hev), strain chn-xj-sw13 isolated from xinjiang, china: putative host range, and disease severity determinants in hev. | hepatitis e is a worldwide public health problem, particular in areas where hygiene conditions are poor. hepatitis e virus (hev) has at least four genotypes: genotypes 1 and 2 exclusively infect human; while genotypes 3 and 4, are considered to be a zoonotic agent, infecting both humans and animals. this study was aimed at determining why genotype 3 and 4 hev strains isolated from swine are able to cross species borders, whereas genotype1 and 2 strains isolated from humans are not. the full leng ... | 2011 | 21292034 |
| efficient cell culture systems for hepatitis e virus strains in feces and circulating blood. | attempts have been made to propagate hepatitis e virus (hev) in primary hepatocyte culture and various other cultured cells. however, the replication ability of hev recovered from culture media remains extremely low. recently, efficient culture systems have been established in plc/prf/5 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and a549 (lung cancer) cell lines for hev strains of genotypes 3 and 4 in our laboratory. they originated in fecal extracts from patients containing hev rna in extremely high-titers (10 ... | 2011 | 21294213 |
| an efficient binomial model-based measure for sequence comparison and its application. | sequence comparison is one of the major tasks in bioinformatics, which could serve as evidence of structural and functional conservation, as well as of evolutionary relations. there are several similarity/dissimilarity measures for sequence comparison, but challenges remains. this paper presented a binomial model-based measure to analyze biological sequences. with help of a random indicator, the occurrence of a word at any position of sequence can be regarded as a random bernoulli variable, and ... | 2011 | 21294594 |
| emerging tropical diseases in australia. part 5. hendra virus. | hendra virus (hev) was first isolated in 1994, from a disease outbreak involving at least 21 horses and two humans in the brisbane suburb of hendra, australia. the affected horses and humans all developed a severe but unidentified respiratory disease that resulted in the deaths of one of the human cases and the deaths or putting down of 14 of the horses. the virus, isolated by culture from a horse and the kidney of the fatal human case, was initially characterised as a new member of the genus mo ... | 2011 | 21294944 |
| hemolysis and methemoglobinemia due to hepatitis e virus infection in patient with g6pd deficiency. | | 2011 | 21302113 |
| standardization of hepatitis e virus (hev) nucleic acid amplification technique-based assays: an initial study to evaluate a panel of hev strains and investigate laboratory performance. | the performance of hepatitis e virus (hev) rna nucleic acid amplification (nat)-based assays has been investigated using a panel of hev-containing plasma samples. the panel comprised 22 hev-positive plasma samples representing 10-fold serial dilutions of hev genotypes 3a, 3b, 3f, and 4c obtained from blood donors. two negative-control plasma samples were included. all samples were blinded. the plasma samples were prepared as liquid/frozen materials and distributed to participants on dry ice. lab ... | 2011 | 21307208 |
| taqman real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay for universal detection and quantification of avian hepatitis e virus from clinical samples in the presence of a heterologous internal control rna. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates could be separated into at least three genotypes. in this study, the development of the first duplex taqman real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay for detection and quantification of avian hev is presented. primers and probes binding within relatively conserved open reading frame 3 (orf3) were designed. tenfold dilution series of in vitro-transcribed avian hev rna were used as the standard for quantification. a 712-bp region of the green fluores ... | 2011 | 21307216 |
| hepatitis e virus cell culture models. | early studies reported the propagation of hepatitis e virus (hev) in either primary hepatocytes or several established cell lines, but replication was inefficient. efficient cell culture systems for hev in plc/prf/5 and a549 cells have recently been established, using inoculum of fecal suspensions with high hev loads, originally obtained from patients with genotype 3 hev (the je03-1760f strain, 2.0×10(7)copies/ml) or genotype 4 hev (the he-jf5/15f strain, 1.3×10(7)copies/ml), and many generation ... | 2011 | 21316402 |
| from barnyard to food table: the omnipresence of hepatitis e virus and risk for zoonotic infection and food safety. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important but extremely understudied pathogen. the mechanisms of hev replication and pathogenesis are poorly understood, and a vaccine against hev is not yet available. hev is classified in the family hepeviridae consisting of at least four recognized major genotypes. genotypes 1 and 2 hev are restricted to humans and associated with epidemics in developing countries, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 hev are zoonotic and responsible for sporadic cases worldwide. the identi ... | 2011 | 21316404 |
| discovery of hepatitis e: the epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis 30 years down the memory lane. | hepatitis e was first recognised during an epidemic of hepatitis, which occurred in kashmir valley in 1978. the epidemic involved an estimated 52,000 cases of icteric hepatitis with 1700 deaths. the disease had unique clinical and epidemiological features. the epidemic was water-borne with highly compressed epidemic curve. following the epidemic, secondary waves of hepatitis did not occur. clinical profile was characterized by cholestasis in around 20% of patients. the disease predominantly occu ... | 2011 | 21320558 |
| investigating an outbreak of acute viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis e virus variants in karachi, south pakistan. | hepatitis e is a classic water-borne disease in developing countries. detection of anti-hev igm and igg antibodies, in addition to hev rna are useful epidemiological markers in diagnosis of hepatitis e. this study was conducted to investigate an outbreak of acute viral hepatitis in south-pakistan. anti-hev igm and igg were assessed comparatively with serological kits manufactured by abbott, cosmic, tgh, and wantai, selecting hev rna as reference assay. molecular evolutionary analysis was perform ... | 2011 | 21328376 |
| numerical characteristics of word frequencies and their application to dissimilarity measure for sequence comparison. | sequence comparison is one of the major tasks in bioinformatics, which can be used to study structural and functional conservation, as well as evolutionary relations among the sequences. numerous dissimilarity measures achieve promising results in sequence comparison, but challenges remain. this paper studied numerical characteristics of word frequencies and proposed a novel dissimilarity measure for sequence comparison. instead of using the word frequencies directly, the proposed measure consid ... | 2011 | 21334347 |
| [prevention of virus hepatitis a to e]. | infection with hepatitis viruses can lead to acute hepatitis with the risk of developing liver failure. chronic viral hepatitis may evolve into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. thus, prevention of viral hepatitis and its sequels is essential. vaccination against hepatitis a is successful in almost all individuals. protective antibodies maintain for at least 20 years. booster vaccinations are not necessary. since the introduction of hepatitis a vaccines, the incidence of new hav-infe ... | 2011 | 21340533 |
| [sero-epidemiology of six viruses natural infection in tupaia belangeri chinensis]. | tupaia (tupaia belangeris chinensis, tree shrew) as a new experiment animal in medicine are non-rodent, small animals and close to primates in evolution. experimental animals infected with viruses will affect the animal's health, interference experiment, and even endanger the operator's safety. therefore, the viral infection in experimental animals has long been considered an important part of quality control. lack of clearer viral natural infection information on the t. belangeris limits its us ... | 2011 | 21341379 |
| molecular virology of hepatitis e virus. | this review details the molecular virology of the hepatitis e virus (hev). while replicons and in vitro infection systems have recently become available, a lot of information on hev has been generated through comparisons with better-studied positive-strand rna viruses and through subgenomic expression of viral open reading frames. these models are now being verified with replicon and infection systems. we provide here the current knowledge on the hev genome and its constituent proteins - orf1, o ... | 2011 | 21345356 |
| hepatitis associated aplastic anemia: a review. | hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (haaa) is an uncommon but distinct variant of aplastic anemia in which pancytopenia appears two to three months after an acute attack of hepatitis. haaa occurs most frequently in young male children and is lethal if leave untreated. the etiology of this syndrome is proposed to be attributed to various hepatitis and non hepatitis viruses. several hepatitis viruses such as hav, hbv, hcv, hdv, hev and hgv have been associated with this set of symptoms. viruses o ... | 2011 | 21352606 |
| factors associated with chronic hepatitis in patients with hepatitis e virus infection who have received solid organ transplants. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection can cause chronic hepatitis in recipients of solid organ transplants. however, the factors that contribute to chronic infection and the outcomes of these patients are incompletely understood. we performed a retrospective analysis of data from 17 centers from europe and the united states that described the progression, outcomes, and factors associated with development of chronic hev infection in recipients of transplanted solid organs. | 2011 | 21354150 |
| hepatitis e virus orf3 antigens derived from genotype 1 and 4 viruses are detected with varying efficiencies by an anti-hev enzyme immunoassay. | the function of the hepatitis e virus (hev) open reading frame 3 (orf3) protein product remains unclear but it is able to induce a strong antibody response following hev infection. therefore, it has been used in some enzyme immunoassays (eias) for detecting anti-hev antibody. in order to evaluate the difference in antigenicity of hev orf3 polypeptides derived from genotypes 1 and 4, two eias were developed, based on orf3 polypeptides from genotypes 1 and 4 hev. serial weekly serum samples from t ... | 2011 | 21360543 |
| isolation and characterization of two new hepatitis e virus genotype 1 strains from two mini-outbreaks in lahore, pakistan. | pakistan is a highly endemic area for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. the aim of the current study was to isolate and characterize strains of hev in two mini outbreaks. | 2011 | 21371336 |
| presence of enteric hepatitis viruses in the sewage and population of greater cairo. | in egypt, the disease burden of viral hepatitis is one of the heaviest worldwide. we conducted a survey of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in patients and sewage in cairo. our data showed that hav (genotype ib) was predominant over hev (genotype 3) and was circulating in the population and the environment. | 2011 | 21375654 |
| maternal transfer of antibodies to the offspring after mice immunization with insect larvae-derived recombinant hepatitis e virus orf-2 proteins. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in humans, causing outbreaks and epidemics in regions with sub-optimal sanitary conditions, in many of which it is endemic. nowadays there is no specific therapy or licensed vaccines against hev infection. in this study, we have analyzed in mice the immunogenicity of hev open-reading frame 2 (orf-2) protein, and a truncated form of it lacking the first 111 amino acids, efficiently expressed in an improved baculovirus-based technology us ... | 2011 | 21376089 |
| synthetic protocells interact with viral nanomachinery and inactivate pathogenic human virus. | we present a new antiviral strategy and research tool that could be applied to a wide range of enveloped viruses that infect human beings via membrane fusion. we test this strategy on two emerging zoonotic henipaviruses that cause fatal encephalitis in humans, nipah (niv) and hendra (hev) viruses. in the new approach, artificial cell-like particles (protocells) presenting membrane receptors in a biomimetic manner were developed and found to attract and inactivate henipavirus envelope glycoprotei ... | 2011 | 21390296 |
| is there evidence of recent hepatitis e virus infection in english and north welsh blood donors? | the risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) to blood safety remains unknown in england. reports of persistent hev infection with serious disease sequelae indicate that transfusion transmitted hev is not a trivial disease in immunosuppressed patients. materials and | 2010 | 21392024 |
| pathogenetic elements of hepatitis e and animal models of hev infection. | the pathogenesis of hev infection responsible for liver pathology and clinical disease is not well understood. the main target for the virus is the hepatocyte, where it replicates and is released to bile and gastrointestinal tract. viremia is regularly seen during the virus replication. the exact mechanism of hepatocytic death is uncertain. in experimentally infected non-human primates, the peak of liver lesions, measured by alanine aminotransferase activity elevation, is concordant with the vir ... | 2011 | 21414365 |
| vomiting and wasting disease associated with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis viruses infection in piglets in jilin, china. | one coronavirus strain was isolated from brain tissues of ten piglets with evident clinical manifestations of vomiting, diarrhea and dyskinesia in jilin province in china. antigenic and genomic characterizations of the virus (isolate phev-jlsp09) were based on multiplex pcr and negative staining electron microscopy and sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin-esterase (he) gene. these piglets were diagnosed with porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (phev).necropsy was performed on the ... | 2011 | 21418610 |
| hepatitis a and e infection in international travellers. | hepatitis a is the most common vaccine-preventable infection in travellers. the incidence of hepatitis a for travellers ranges from 3.0 to 11.0 per 100,000 person-months and the case-fatality rate is as high as 2 per 100,000 in non-immune travellers. hepatitis a vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection, significantly reducing the incidence of hepatitis a in travellers, and an important preventative intervention for the "last-minute" traveller. hepatitis e virus is an important cause o ... | 2011 | 21424252 |
| an unusual cause of elevated liver function tests in an elderly female. | | 2011 | 21429790 |
| clinically silent forms may partly explain the rarity of acute cases of autochthonous genotype 3c hepatitis e infection in france. | | 2011 | 21435944 |
| [biological risk prevention in agriculture and animal breeding: immunization strategies]. | vaccine preventable diseases are, so far, a main focus of public health programmes all over the world since people still die in consequence of dyphteria or tetanus. biological risk is widely represented in agriculture and animal breeding, due to environmental characteristics and to injury typology. moreover, aged people and migrants represent a significant part of the workforce. these two groups are, for instance, more exposed to clostridium tetani infection because not fully immunized. among in ... | 2010 | 21438285 |
| structure of hepatitis e viral particle. | hepatitis e is acute hepatitis caused by infection of hepatitis e virus (hev) via a fecal-to-oral or zoonotic route. hev is a small, non-enveloped virus containing positive strand rna as a genome. recently, the three-dimensional structures of the hev-like particles and spike domain protruded from the surface of the particle expressed by recombinant baculovirus or bacteria have been revealed. based on these reports, the structural features of the hev capsid subunit and viral particle are reviewed ... | 2011 | 21440590 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in developed countries. | hepatitis e was considered to be endemic infectious disease in developing countries in tropical or subtropical regions with poor sanitary conditions. large, previously reported outbreaks were mainly due to contaminated water or heavy flooding. prototype hepatitis e viruses of genotypes i and ii were obtained from such endemic cases. in developed countries, in contrast, hepatitis e was rare and diagnosed only in travelers or imported cases. however, the development of accurate diagnostic tests, m ... | 2011 | 21443914 |
| three amino acid mutations (f51l, t59a, and s390l) in the capsid protein of the hepatitis e virus collectively contribute to virus attenuation. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important but extremely understudied human pathogen, and the mechanisms of hev replication and pathogenesis are largely unknown. we previously identified an attenuated genotype 3 hev mutant (pshev-1) containing three unique amino acid mutations (f51l, t59a, and s390l) in the capsid protein. to determine the role of each of these mutations, we constructed three hev single mutants (rf51l, rt59a, and rs390l) which were all found to be replication competent in huh7 live ... | 2011 | 21450834 |